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Structural Damping Definitions

This document defines several common ways that damping in mechanical systems can be characterized: 1) Damping ratio compares the physical damping coefficient to the critical damping coefficient, providing a measure of how oscillatory the system response is. 2) Q factor is another interpretation of damping that is the rate of energy loss relative to stored energy in the system. It relates to damping ratio. 3) Dissipation factor is the reciprocal of Q factor and expresses damping as a percentage. Exponential attenuation and loss angle also characterize damping. Specific damping capacity divides energy dissipated by energy applied to a system.

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Louc Ing
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208 views

Structural Damping Definitions

This document defines several common ways that damping in mechanical systems can be characterized: 1) Damping ratio compares the physical damping coefficient to the critical damping coefficient, providing a measure of how oscillatory the system response is. 2) Q factor is another interpretation of damping that is the rate of energy loss relative to stored energy in the system. It relates to damping ratio. 3) Dissipation factor is the reciprocal of Q factor and expresses damping as a percentage. Exponential attenuation and loss angle also characterize damping. Specific damping capacity divides energy dissipated by energy applied to a system.

Uploaded by

Louc Ing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRECISION POINT

Dynamics & Control STRUCTURAL DAMPING DEFINITIONS 1/1

Introduction Logarithmic decrement


Every part of a mechanical system, from actuator to end- Damping ratio can be retrieved from resonant time-response
effector, comprises damping. This sheet gives an overview of data by means of the logarithmic decrement , which can be
ways damping can be defined and how these definitions are calculated from the amplitude of peak responses:
related to the linear dimensionless damping coefficient .

What is damping? The damping ratio is calculated by:


Damping in mechanical systems is the extraction of
mechanical energy from the motion in the system, usually by ( )
conversion of potential energy into heat. Therefore it can be
regarded as a loss of energy. However, the positive effect of This method becomes inaccurate for large damping values,
damping is that it attenuates oscillations due to internal i.e. .
resonances. Damping is often modeled as a dissipation force
proportional to the velocity, , which is known as p(t0)
T

viscous damping. However the underlying principle is more


complex and nonlinear in nature. n
p(t0+nT)
t
t0
Damping ratio
A frequently used measure for damping in a system is the
damping ratio. It characterizes the damping in a linear
Dissipation factor
second-order system as the ratio of physical damping
The dissipation factor (DF), which is often expressed as a
coefficient , over the critical damping coefficient percentage, is the reciprocal of the Q factor:
with This corresponds with the level of
damping that the response becomes non-oscillatory. Note
that this is a linear definition of damping, for which a model Exponential attenuation / decay rate
of the underlying system is needed. Often called attenuation , is defined as [rad/s],
which represents the exponential decay of the oscillation.
Q factor
Another interpretation of damping is given by the quality or Loss angle
Q factor, which is more widely used in other fields of physics. By applying a harmonic load F to a system, the response
It is a measure for how under-damped the system is. It is can (deflection x), is known as the loss angle , which is a
be retrieved from frequency-response data: measure for damping. It relates to the damping ratio by
.

Specific damping capacity


A
By dividing the amount of energy dissipated in an
harmonically excitated structure divided by the work applied
to it, the specific damping capacity can be calculated:
2 A (-3 dB)

The interpretation of this measure can be clarified by means


of the hysteresis curve:
F
n
magnitude


frequency W = F x2
x
x
Another interpretation of Q is the rate of energy loss relative
to the stored energy in the resonating system: W

It relates to the damping ratio by .

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