RI CW 2

WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY
Radiographic Interpretation
Coursework 2
Answer all questions.
1. The effective focal spot size is affected by?
a. The f.f.d and o.f.d.

b. The total area of the tungsten target.
c.The angle of the tungsten target
d. The distance between the anode and specimen.
2. In order to reduce penumbra (Ug):
a. The object could be made artificially thicker.

b. The radiation should proceed through a large focal spot size.
c. The film should be placed as far from the object as possible.
d. The distance from the radiation source to film should be as long as practicable
3. If it is required to increase definition a large source size can be compensated by:
a. Increasing the source to specimen distance.

b. Addition of lead screens.
c. Increasing the specimen to film distance.
d. Increasing penumbra.
4. Which of the following will have no effect on film contrast
a. Wave length of radiation used

b. Film density
c. Film type.
d. All of the above will effect film contrast
5. When producing radiographs with x-ray equipment, if the KVs are increased:
a. The radiographic contrast reduces

b. The subject contrast increases.
c. The film contrast increases
d. The film contrast reduces
6. Movement, geometry and screen contact are three factors, which affect:
a. Contrast.
b. Definition.
c. Density.
d. All of the above
7. Two different isotopes of the same activity:
a. Will produce different wave lengths

b. Will produce the same quality radiographs.
c. Will produce the same intensity of radiation.
d. All of the above
8. A good quality radiograph is produced using the following exposure conditions, 4

minutes at 3 mA. What exposure time would be needed if the mA were reduced to 2 mA?
a. 6 minutes.
b. 3 minutes.
c. 2 minutes.
d. 4 minutes.
9. Why are radiographs of densities less than 1.5 and below usually rejected
a. Because the radiographic density is too high.

b. Because the subject contrast is too low regardless of the light density of the viewer.
c. Because the radiographic contrast is impaired.
d. Radiographs of these densities are not normally rejected.
10. Anodes are normally fitted with targets made from what material
a. Steel.
b. Lead.
c. Copper.
d. Tungsten.
11. The velocity of electrons striking the target in an x-ray tube is a function of?
a. The amount of mA used

b. The amount of KVs used
c. The distance between the anode and cathode.
d. The target material.
12. The purpose of circulating oil in some types of x-ray tubes is:
a. To dissipate heat.
b. For lubrication.
c. To reduce scatter radiation.
d. To reduce the current values.
13. If a 200mm f.f.d, 20mm o.f.d using a 4mm source size, it is calculated that the penumbra
value is 0.4mm. Assuming the source size and the o.f.d can not be altered what will be the
required f.f.d to reduce the penumbra value to a level of 0.25mm?
a. 340mm
b. 251mm.
c. 288mm.
d. 388mm.
14. In an x-ray tube, the filament and focusing cup are two essential parts of the:
a. Anode
b. Cathode
c. Control panel.
d. None of the above
15. An x-ray tube with a small focal spot size will produce radiographs with:
a. Better subject contrast

b. Better radiographic contrast.
c. Better definition
d. Improved density
16. A radiographic absorption of a material will become less dependent upon the materials
density and thickness when:
a. The kilovoltage is increased.

b. The kilovoltage is reduced.
c. The source to film distance is reduced.
d. The intensity of radiation is increased
17. Radiation of a single wave length is known as:
a. Real time radiation

b. Microscopic radiation
c. Heterogeneous radiation.
d. Monochromatic radiation.
18. The properties of a material to block or partially block the passage of x-rays and gamma
rays is termed:
a. Absorption
b. Latitude.
c. Attenuation.
d. Penetration.
19. If the original exposure was 5 mA at 12 minutes, what would the new mA be for an
exposure time of 4 minutes?
a. 10 mA
b. 15 mA.
c. 18 mA.
d. 20 mA.
20. Which of the following has the shortest half life?
a. Yb 169.
b. Se 75.
c. Ir 192.
d. Co 60.
21. As x-ray energy increases wave length will:
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. No change to the wave length.
d. Increase in beam width.
22. Approximately what is the thickness range of Ir 192?
a. 2mm to 12mm.
b. 50mm to 200mm.
c. 12mm to 80mm.
d. 10mm to 150mm.
23. Which of the following are reasons for setting the anode target at an angle?
a. To reduce exposure times.

b. To improve overall radiographic contrast.
c. To reduce actual focal spot size.
d. To reduce the effective focal spot size.
24. At approximately what percentage of cobalt 60 isotope intensity will be lost after 2.5
years:
a. 50%.
b. 25%.
c 100%.
d. 75%.
25. Which of the following welding processes uses a none consumable electrode:
a. MAG.
b. MMA.
c. Sub-arc.
d. TIG/TAG.
26. Ytterbium 169 is an ideal isotope for thin materials because:
a. It produces hard radiation

b. It produces soft radiation.
c. It has got a high deterioration.
d. It produced short wave length radiation
27. Which of the following defects normally will not be detected by radiographic inspection:
a. Centre line cracking.

b. Lack of side wall fusion with associated slag.
c. Plate laminations (significant in area).
d. Cluster porosity.
28. Which of the following units is used to measure the activity of a radioactive isotope?
a. Curie.
b. Rem.
c. Rad.
d. Roentgen.
29. In an x-ray tube head the filament in the cathode is usually made from:
a. Copper.
b. Steel.
c. Tungsten.
d. Titanium.
30. In welding which of the following processes is the most likely to cause slag
inclusions?
a. MMA.
b. SAW.
c. TIG.
d. MAG.

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What are some factors that can affect radiographic quality?

What are some factors that can affect radiographic quality?

What are some common components of an x-ray tube?

What are some common components of an x-ray tube?

WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY

Answer all questions.

1. The effective focal spot size is affected by?

a. The f.f.d and o.f.d.

2. In order to reduce penumbra (Ug):

a. The object could be made artificially thicker.

3. If it is required to increase definition a large source size can be compensated by:

a. Increasing the source to specimen distance.

4. Which of the following will have no effect on film contrast

a. Wave length of radiation used

a. The radiographic contrast reduces

7. Two different isotopes of the same activity:

a. Will produce different wave lengths

8. A good quality radiograph is produced using the following exposure conditions, 4

a. Because the radiographic density is too high.

a. The amount of mA used

a. Better subject contrast

a. The kilovoltage is increased.

17. Radiation of a single wave length is known as:

a. Real time radiation

20. Which of the following has the shortest half life?

21. As x-ray energy increases wave length will:

22. Approximately what is the thickness range of Ir 192?

a. To reduce exposure times.

26. Ytterbium 169 is an ideal isotope for thin materials because:

a. It produces hard radiation

a. Centre line cracking.

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