Korean Junior Mathematical Olympiad

Translation by rkm0959, problems written by KMS.

Latex revision by Leon.

Time limit is 2 hours and 30 minutes for each day.

Each problem is worth 7 points.

1
 KJMO 2005

Day 1

9 9
1. Find a irreducible fraction with denominator not greater than 2005 that is closest to 25 but is not 25 .

2. For triangle ABC, P and Q satisfy BP A + AQC = 90 . It is provided that the vertices of the triangle
BAP and ACQ are ordered counterclockwise(or clockwise). Let the intersection of the circumcircles of the two
triangles be N (A 6= N , however if A is the only intersection A = N ), and the midpoint of segment BC be M .
Show that the length of M N does not depend on P and Q.
3. For a positive integer K, define a sequence, {an }, as following: a1 = K and
(
an 1, if an is even
an+1 = an 1
2 , if an is odd

for all n 1. Find the smallest value of K, which makes a2005 the first term equal to 0.
4. 11 students take a test. For any two question in a test, there are at least 6 students who solved exactly one of
those two questions. Prove that there are no more than 12 questions in this test. Showing the equality case is
not needed.

Day 2

5. In 4ABC, let the bisector of BAC hit the circumcircle at M . Let P = CM AB. The line passing P and
perpendicular to AM meets AC at X. The line passing P and perpendicular to AC meets AM at Y . The line
passing P and perpendicular to BC meets M B at Z. Prove that X, Y, Z are collinear.

6. For two different prime numbers p, q, define Sp,q = {p, q, pq}. If two elements in Sp,q are numbers in the form
of x2 + 2005y 2 , (x, y Z), prove that all three elements in Sp,q are in such form.
n
P
7. If positive reals x1 , x2 , . . . , xn satisfy xi = 1, prove that
i=1
v
n u n
X 1 u2 X 1
i
<t
i=1
P 3 i=1 xi
1+ xj
j=1

8. A group of 6 students decided to make study groups and service activity groups according to the following
principle:
Each group must have exactly 3 members. For any pair of students, there are same number of study groups
and service activity groups that both of the students are members.
Supposing there are at least one group and no three students belong to the same study group and service
activity group, prove that the minimum number of groups is 8.

2
 KJMO 2006

Day 1

1. a1 , a2 , . . . , a2006 is a permutation of 1, 2, . . . , 2006. Prove that

2006 
Y 
2
(ai i)
 

 
i=1

is a multiple of 3. (0 is counted as a multiple of 3)

2. Find all positive integers that can be written in the following way.
b c c a a b
+ + + + +
a a b b c c
Also, a, b, c are positive integers that are pairwise relatively prime.
3. In a circle O, there are six points, A, B, C, D, E, F in a counterclockwise order. BD CF , and CF, BE, AC
are concurrent. Let the perpendicular from B to AC be M , and the perpendicular from D to CE be N . Prove
that AE k M N .
4. In the coordinate plane, define M = {(a, b)|a, b Z}. A transformation S, which is defined on M , sends (a, b)
to (a + b, b). Transformation T , also defined on M , sends (a, b) to (b, a). Prove that for all (a, b) M , we
can use S, T finitely to map it to (g, 0).

Day 2

5. Find all positive integers that can be written in the following way.

m2 + 20mn + n2
m3 + n3
Also, m, n are relatively prime positive integers.
6. For all reals a, b, c, d, prove the following inequality:
a+b+c+d
<1
(1 + a2 )(1+ b2 )(1 + c2 )(1 + d2 )

7. A line through point P outside of circle O meets the said circle at B, C. (P B < P C) Let P O meet circle O at
Q, D (with P Q < P D). Let the line passing Q and perpendicular to BC meet circle O at A. If BD2 = ADCP ,
prove that P A is a tangent to O.
8. Define the set F as the following.

F = {(a1 , a2 , . . . , a2006 ) : i = 1, 2, . . . , 2006, ai {1, 1}}

Prove that there exists a subset of F , called S which satisfies the following.

|S| = 2006
2006
P
and for all (a1 , a2 , . . . , a2006 ) F there exists (b1 , b2 , . . . , b2006 ) S, such that ai bi = 0.
i=1

3
 KJMO 2007

Day 1

1. A sequence a1 , a2 , . . . , a2007 where ai {2, 3} for i = 1, 2, . . . , 2007 and an integer sequence x1 , x2 , . . . , x2007
satisfies the following:
ai xi + xi+2 0 (mod 5)
where the indices are taken modulo 2007. Prove that x1 , x2 , . . . , x2007 are all multiples of 5.
2. If n is a positive integer and a, b are relatively prime positive integers, calculate (a + b, an + bn ).

3. Consider the string of length 6 composed of three characters a, b, c. For each string, if two as are next to each
other, or two bs are next to each other, then replace aa by b, and replace bb by a. Also, if a and b are next
to each other, or two cs are next to each other, remove all two of them (i.e. delete ab, ba, cc). Determine the
number of strings that can be reduced to c, the string of length 1, by the reducing processes mentioned above.
4. Let P be a point inside 4ABC. Let the perpendicular bisectors of P A, P B, P C be `1 , `2 , `3 . Let D =
`1 `2 , E = `2 `3 , F = `3 `1 . If A, B, C, D, E, F lie on a circle, prove that C, P, D are collinear.

Day 2

5. For all positive real numbers a, b, c, prove the folllowing inequality:

a b c 1
+ +
c + 5b a + 5c b + 5a 2

6. Let T = {1, 2, . . . , 10}. Find the number of bijective functions f : T T that satisfies the following for all
x T:

f (f (x)) = x
|f (x) x| 2

7. Let the incircle of 4ABC meet BC, CA, AB at J, K, L. Let D(6= B, J), E(6= C, K), F (6= A, L) be points on
BJ, CK, AL. If the incenter of 4ABC is the circumcenter of 4DEF and BAC = DEF , prove that 4ABC
and 4DEF are isosceles triangles.

8. Prime p is called Prime of the Year if there exists a positive integer n such that n2 + 1 0 (mod p2007 ). Prove
that there are infinite number of Prime of the Year.

4
 KJMO 2008

Day 1

1. In a 4XY Z, points A, B lie on segment ZX, C, D lie on segment XY , E, F lie on segment Y Z. A, B, C, D lie
on a circle, and
AZ EY ZB Y F
=1
EZ CY ZF Y D
Let L = ZX DE, M = XY AF, N = Y Z BC. Prove that L, M, N are collinear.

2. For reals x > 2, y > 3, find the minimum of

(x + y)2
p
x2 4 + y 2 9

3. For all positive integers n, prove that there are integers x, y relatively prime to 5 such that x2 + y 2 = 5n .
4. Let N be the set of positive integers. If A, B, C 6= , A B = B C = C A = and A B C = N, we say
that A, B, C are partitions of N. Prove that there are no partitions of N, A, B, C, that satisfies the following.
(i) a A, b B, we have a + b + 1 C
(ii) b B, c C, we have b + c + 1 A
(iii) c C, a A, we have c + a + 1 B

Day 2

5. Let there be a pentagon ABCDE inscribed in a circle O. The tangent to O at E is parallel to AD. A point
F lies on O and it is in the opposite side of A with respect to CD, and satisfies

AB BC DF = AE ED CF, CF D = 2BF E

Prove that the tangent to O at B, E and line AF concur at one point.

6. If d1 , d2 , . . . , dk are all distinct positive divisors of n, we define fs (n) = ds1 + ds2 + + dsk . For example, we
have f1 (3) = 1 + 3 = 4, f2 (4) = 1 + 22 + 42 = 21. Prove that for all positive integers n,

n3 f1 (n) 2nf9 (n) + n2 f3 (n)

is divisible by 8.
7. Find all pairs of functions f, g : R R such that for all reals x, y 6= 0,
 
1 1
f (x + y) = g + (xy)2008
x y

8. There are 12 members in a club. The members created some small groups, which satisfy the following. The
small group consists of 3 or 4 people. Also, for two arbitrary members, there exists exactly one small group
that has both members. Prove that all members are in the same number of small groups.

5
 KJMO 2009

Day 1

1. For primes a, b, c that satisfies the following, calculate abc. b + 8 is a multiple of a, and b2 1 is a multiple of
a and c. Also, b + c = a2 1.
2. In an acute triangle 4ABC, let A0 , B 0 , C 0 be the reflection of A, B, C with respect to BC, CA, AB. Let
D = B 0 C BC 0 , E = CA0 C 0 A, F = A0 B AB 0 . Prove that AD, BE, CF are concurrent.
3. For two arbitrary reals x, y which are larger than 0 and less than 1, prove that

x2 y2 (1 x y)2 1
+ +
x+y 1x 1y 2

4. There are n clubs composed of 4 students out of all 9 students. For two arbitrary clubs, there are no more
than 2 students who are a member of both clubs. Prove that n 18.
Translators Note. We can prove n 12, and we can prove that the bound is tight.

Day 2

5. Acute triangle 4ABC satisfies AB < AC. Let the circumcircle of this triangle be O, and the midpoint of
BC, CA, AB be D, E, F . Let P be the intersection of the circle with AB as its diameter and line DF , which is
in the same side of C with respect to AB. Let Q be the intersection of the circle with AC as its diameter and
the line DE, which is in the same side of B with respect to AC. Let P Q BC = R, and let the line passing
through R and perpendicular to BC meet AO at X. Prove that AX = XR.
6. If positive reals a, b, c, d satisfy abcd = 1, prove the following inequality.
b c d a
1< + + + <2
ab + b + 1 bc + c + 1 cd + d + 1 da + a + 1

7. There are 3 students from Korea, China, and Japan, so total of 9 students are present. How many ways are
there to make them sit down in a circular table, with equally spaced and equal chairs, such that the students
from the same country do not sit next to each other? If array A can become array B by rotation, these two
arrays are considered equal.
8. Prove that there exists positive integers x, y, z, u, v such that

x2 + y 3 + z 5 + u7 = v 11

6
 KJMO 2010

Day 1

k k1
1. For all positive integers k, prove that 22 + 22 + 1 has at least k prime divisors.

2. Let there be a n n board. Write down 0 or 1 in all n2 squares. For 1 k n, let Ak be the product of all
numbers in the kth row. How many ways are there to write down the numbers so that A1 + A2 + + An is
even?
3. In an acute triangle 4ABC, let there be point D on segment AC, E on segment AB such that ADE = ABC.
Let the bisector of A hit BC at K. Let the foot of the perpendicular from K to DE be P , and the foot of
the perpendicular from A to DE be L. Let Q be the midpoint of AL. If the incenter of 4ABC lies on the
circumcircle of 4ADE, prove that P, Q and the incenter of 4ADE are collinear.
4. Let there be a sequence an such that a1 = 2, a2 = 0, a3 = 1, a4 = 0, and for n 1, an+4 is the remainder
when an + 2an+1 + 3an+2 + 4an+3 is divided by 9. Prove that there are no positive integer k such that
ak = 0, ak+1 = 1, ak+2 = 0, ak+3 = 2.

Day 2

5. If reals x, y, z satisfies tan x + tan y + tan z = 2 and 0 < x, y, z < 2, prove that

sin2 x + sin2 y + sin2 z < 1

6. For a positive integer n and an odd prime p, we know that n2 n is not a multiple of p. Define a sequence an
such that
a1 = pn + 1, ak+1 = n ak + 1
Prove that ap1 is not a prime number.
7. Let ABCD be a cyclic convex quadrilateral. Let E be the intersection of lines AB, CD. P is the intersection
of line passing B and perpendicular to AC, and line passing C and perpendicular to BD. Q is the intersection
of line passing D and perpendicular to AC, and line passing A and perpendicular to BD. Prove that three
points E, P, Q are collinear.
8. In a rectangle with vertices (0, 0), (0, 2), (n, 0), (n, 2), (n is a positive integer) find the number of longest paths
starting from (0, 0) and arriving at (n, 2) which satisfies the following. At each movement, you can move right,
up, left, down by 1. You cannot visit a point you visited before. You cannot move outside the rectangle.

7
 KJMO 2011

Day 1

1. Reals a, b, c (a, b, c 6= 1) satisfies abc = 1 and

1 1 1
a2 + b2 + c2 ( + 2 + 2 ) = 8(a + b + c) 8(ab + bc + ca)
a2 b c
Find all possible values of
1 1 1
+ +
a1 b1 c1
2. Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral inscirbed in circle O. Let the tangent to O at A meet BC at S, and the
tangent to O at B meet CD at T . Circle with S as its center and passing A meets BC at E, and AE meets
O again at F (6= A). The circle with T as its center and passing B meets CD at K. Let P = BK AC. Prove
that P, F, D are collinear if and only if AB = AP .
3. Let x, y be positive integers such that gcd(x, y) = 1 and x + 3y 2 is a perfect square. Prove that x2 + 9y 4 cant
be a perfect square.
4. For a positive integer n, (n 2), find the number of sets with 2n + 1 points P0 , P1 , . . . , P2n in the coordinate
plane satisfying the following as its elements.

P0 = (0, 0), P2n = (n, n)

For all i = 1, 2, . . . , 2n 1, line Pi Pi+1 is parallel to x-axis or y-axis and its length is 1.
Out of 2n lines P0 P1 , P1 P2 , . . . , P2n1 P2n , there are exactly 4 lines that are enclosed in the domain y x.

Day 2

5. In triangle ABC, (AB 6= AC), let the orthocenter be H, circumcenter be O, and the midpoint of BC be M .
Let HM AO = D. Let P, Q, R, S be the midpoints of AB, CD, AC, BD. Let X = P Q RS. Find AH/OX.
6. For a positive integer n, define the set Sn as

Sn = {(a, b)|a, b N, lcm[a, b] = n}

Let f (n) be the sum of (a)(b) for all (a, b) Sn . If a prime p relatively prime to n is a divisor of f (n), prove
that there exists a prime q|n such that p|q 2 1.
7. If reals x1 , x2 , . . . , x2011 satisfy 0 xi 1 for all i = 1, 2, . . . , 2011, find the maximum of

x31 + x32 + + x32011 (x1 x2 x3 + x2 x3 x4 + + x2011 x1 x2 )

8. There are n students each having r positive integers. Their nr positive integers are all different. Prove that we
can divide the students into k classes satisfying the following conditions.
(a) k 4r
(b) If a student A has the number m, then the student B in the same class cant have a number ` such that

(m 1)! < ` < (m + 1)! + 1

8
 KJMO 2012

Day 1

1. If positive reals a, b, c satisfy ab + bc + ca = 1, prove that

a+b b+c c+a 2
p +p +p
ab(1 ab) bc(1 bc) ca(1 ca) abc

2. A pentagon ABCDE is inscribed in a circle O, and satisfies A = 90 , AB = CD. Let F be a point on

segment AE. Let BF hit O again at J(6= B), CE DJ = K, BD F K = L. Prove that B, L, E, F are cyclic.
Translators Note. Condition A = 90 is not needed for this problem.
3. Find all positive integers `, m, n such that 5` 43m + 1 = n3 .
4. There are n students A1 , A2 , . . . , An and some of them shaked hands with each other. (Ai and Aj can shake
hands more than one time.) Let the student Ai shaked hands di times. Suppose d1 + d2 + + dn > 0. Prove
that there exist 1 i < j n satisfying the following conditions:

(a) Two students Ai and Aj shaked hands each other.

(d1 +d2 ++dn )2
(b) n2 di dj

Day 2

5. Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral inscirbed in a circle O (AB > AD), and let E be a point on segment AB
such that AE = AD. Let AC DE = F , and DE O = K(6= D). The tangent to the circle passing through
C, F, E at E hits AK at L. Prove that AL = AD if and only if KCE = ALE.

6. p > 3 is a prime number such that p|2p1 1 and p 6 |2x 1 for x = 1, 2, , p 2. Let p = 2k + 3. Now we
define sequence {an } as

ai = ai+k = 2i (1 i k), aj+2k = aj aj+k (j 1)

Prove that there exist 2k consecutive terms of sequence ax+1 , ax+2 , . . . , ax+2k such that for all 1 i < j 2k,
ax+i 6 ax+j (mod p).
7. If all xk (k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) are positive reals, and {a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 } = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, find the maximum of

( s1 x1 + s2 x2 + s3 x3 + s4 x4 + s5 x5 )2
a1 x1 + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + a4 x4 + a5 x5
(sk = a1 + a2 + + ak )
8. Let there be n students, numbered 1 through n. Let there be n cards with numbers 1 through n written on
them. Each student picks a card from the stack, and two students are called a pair if they pick each others
number. Let the probability that there are no pairs be pn . Prove that pn pn1 is 0 is n is odd, and prove
that
1
pn pn1 =
(2) k 1k
k

if n = 2k.

9
 KJMO 2013

Day 1

1. Compare the size of the following three numbers.

r r
3
r
3 25 3 1148 25 3 6
, , +
3 135 3 5

2. A pentagon ABCDE is inscribed in a circle O, and satisfies AB = BC, AE = DE. The circle that is tangent
to DE at E and passing A hits EC at F and BF at G(6= F ). Let DG O = H(6= D). Prove that the tangent
to O at E is perpendicular to HA.
3. {an } is a positive integer sequence such that ai+2 = ai+1 + ai (for all i 1). For positive integer n, define {bn }
as
4n2
1 X
bn = ai
a2n+1 i=1
Prove that bn is positive integer.
4. Prove that there exists a prime number p such that the minimum positive integer n such that p|2n 1 is 32013 .

Day 2

5. In an acute triangle 4ABC, A > B. Let the midpoint of AB be D, and let the foot of the perpendiculat
from A to BC be E, and B from CA be F . Let the circumcenter of 4DEF be O. A point J on segment BE
satisfies ODC = EAJ. Prove that AJ DC lies on the circumcircle of 4BDE.
6. Find all functions f : N N satisfying

f (mn) = lcm(m, n) gcd(f (m), f (n))

for all positive integer m, n.

7. A strictly increasing function f : N N satisfies f (f (n)) = 2n + 2. Calculate f (2013).

8. Drawing all diagonals in a regular 2013-gon, the regular 2013-gon is divided into non-overlapping polygons.
Prove that there exist exactly one 2013-gon out of all such polygons.

10
 KJMO 2014

Day 1

1. Let the incenter of 4ABC be I. Let AI BC be D. The line passing through D and the incenter of 4ABD
hits BI at E, and hits the circumcircle of 4BCE at P (6= E). The line passing through D and the incenter of
4ACD hits CI at F , and hits the circumcircle of 4BCF at Q(6= F ). Prove that the midpoint of BC lies on
the circumcircle of 4DP Q.
2. Let there be 2n positive reals a1 , a2 , . . . , a2n . Let s = a1 + a3 + + a2n1 , t = a2 + a4 + + a2n , and
xk = ak + ak+1 + + ak+n1 (indices are taken modulo 2n). Prove that
s t s t s t 2n2
+ + + + + + >
x1 x2 x3 x4 x2n1 x2n n+1

3. Let there be points P1 , P2 , P3 , . . . , P10 . Draw the following arrows:

P1 P2
P2 P3 , P4
P3 P1 , P5
P4 P5 , P7
P5 P2 , P6 , P8
P6 P3 , P9
P7 P8
P8 P4 , P9
P9 P5 , P10
P10 P6
How many ways are there to move n times following the arrows, starting from P1 ?
4. Positive integers p, q, r satisfy gcd(a, b, c) = 1. Prove that there exists an integer a such that gcd(p, q + ar) = 1.

Day 2

5. For positive integers x, y, find all pairs (x, y) such that x2 y + x is a multiple of xy 2 + 7.
1 1 1 1 1
6. Let p = 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 . For nonnegative reals x, y, z satisfying

(x 1)2 + (y 1)2 + (z 1)2 = 27

find the maximum value of xp + y p + z p .
7. Let there be a parallelogram ABCD (AB < BC) The incircle of 4ABC hits BC, AC at P, Q. The incircle of
4ACD hits CD at R. Let S = P Q AD, and let T be a point on segment BC such that AB = BT . Let
U = AR CS. Prove that AT, BU, P Q are concurrent.
8. Let there be n students and m clubs. The students joined the clubs so that the following is true.
For all students x, you can choose some clubs such that x is the only student who joined all of the chosen clubs.
Let the number of clubs each student joined be a1 , a2 , . . . , am . Prove that
a1 !(m a1 )! + a2 !(m a2 )! + + an !(m an )! m!

11
 KJMO 2015

Day 1

1. In an acute, scalene triangle 4ABC, let O be the circumcenter. Let M be the midpoint of AC. Let the
perpendicular from A to BC be D. Let the circumcircle of 4OAM hit DM at P (6= M ). Prove that B, O, P
are collinear.

2. For a positive integer m, prove that the number of pairs of positive integers (x, y) which satisfies the following
two conditions is even or 0.
(i) x2 3y 2 + 2 = 16m
(ii) 2y x 1

3. For all nonnegative integer i, there are seven cards with 2i written on it. How many ways are there to select
the cards so that the numbers add up to n?
4. Reals a, b, c, x, y satisfy a2 + b2 + c2 = x2 + y 2 = 1. Find the maximum value of

(ax + by)2 + (bx + cy)2

Day 2

5. Let I be the incenter of an acute triangle 4ABC, and let the incircle be . Let the circumcircle of 4IBC
hit at D, E, where D is closer to B and E is closer to C. Let BE = K(6= E), CD BI = T , and
CD = L(6= D). Let the line passing T and perpendicular to BI meet at P , where P is inside 4IBC.
Prove that the tangent to at P , KL, BI are concurrent.
6. Find all functions f : R R such that
(i) For different reals x, y, f (x) 6= f (y).
(ii) For all reals x, y, f (x + f (f (y))) = f (x) + f (f (y))

7. For a polynomial f (x) with integer coefficients and degree no less than 1, prove that there are infinitely many
primes p which satisfies the following.
There exists an integer n such that f (n) 6= 0 and |f (n)| is a multiple of p.
8. A positive integer n is given. If there exist sets F1 , F2 , . . . , Fm satisfying the following, prove that m n. (For
sets A, B, |A| is the number of elements in A. A B is the set of elements that are in A but not B)
(i) For all 1 i m, Fi {1, 2, . . . , n}
(ii) |F1 | |F2 | . . . , |Fm |
(iii) For all 1 i < j m, |Fi Fj | = 1.

12