Amazon Virtual Private Cloud: Network Administrator Guide

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
Network Administrator Guide

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud: Network Administrator Guide

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Table of Contents
Welcome ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Your Customer Gateway ................................................................................................................ 2
Your Role ............................................................................................................................ 2
What Is a Customer Gateway? ............................................................................................... 2
Summary of What You Need to Do ......................................................................................... 4
Determining Your Network Information ..................................................................................... 4
Four Main Parts to Customer Gateway Configuration ................................................................. 5
AWS VPN CloudHub and Redundant Customer Gateways .......................................................... 6
Configuring Multiple VPN Connections to Your Amazon VPC ....................................................... 6
Customer Gateway Devices We've Tested ................................................................................ 7
Requirements for Your Customer Gateway ............................................................................... 8
If You Have a Firewall Between the Internet and Your Customer Gateway .................................... 10
Example: Check Point Device using BGP ....................................................................................... 13
High-Level View of the Customer Gateway ............................................................................. 13
Configuration File ................................................................................................................ 14
Configuring the Check Point Device ....................................................................................... 15
Step 1: Configure the Tunnel Interfaces .......................................................................... 15
Step 2: Configure BGP ................................................................................................ 16
Step 3: Create Network Objects .................................................................................... 17
Step 4: Create a VPN Community and Configure IKE and IPsec ......................................... 18
Step 5: Configure the Firewall ....................................................................................... 19
(Optional) Step 6: Enable Dead Peer Detection and TCP MSS Clamping ............................. 20
How to Test the Customer Gateway Configuration ................................................................... 20
Example: Check Point Device (without BGP) ................................................................................... 23
High-Level View of the Customer Gateway ............................................................................. 23
Configuration File ................................................................................................................ 24
Configuring the Check Point Device ....................................................................................... 25
Step 1: Configure Tunnel Interface ................................................................................ 25
Step 2: Configure the Static Route ................................................................................. 27
Step 3: Create Network Objects .................................................................................... 28
Step 4: Create a VPN Community and Configure IKE and IPsec ......................................... 29
Step 5: Configure the Firewall ....................................................................................... 31
(Optional) Step 6: Enable Dead Peer Detection and TCP MSS Clamping ............................. 31
Example: Cisco ASA Device ......................................................................................................... 35
A High-Level View of the Customer Gateway .......................................................................... 35
An Example Configuration .................................................................................................... 36
Example: Cisco IOS Device .......................................................................................................... 43
A Detailed View of the Customer Gateway and an Example Configuration .................................... 45
Example: Cisco IOS Device (without BGP) ...................................................................................... 54
Example: Dell SonicWALL Device .................................................................................................. 64
Example Configuration File ................................................................................................... 65
Configuring the SonicWALL Device Using the Management Interface .......................................... 69
Example: Dell SonicWALL Device (without BGP) ............................................................................. 72
Example Configuration File ................................................................................................... 73
Configuring the SonicWALL Device Using the Management Interface .......................................... 77
iv

Example: Fortinet Fortigate Device ................................................................................................ 80
Example: Juniper J-Series JunOS Device ....................................................................................... 92
How to Test the Customer Gateway Configuration .................................................................. 101
Example: Juniper SRX JunOS Device .......................................................................................... 104
A High-Level View of the Customer Gateway ......................................................................... 105
A Detailed View of the Customer Gateway and an Example Configuration .................................. 106
Example: Juniper ScreenOS Device ............................................................................................. 116
Example: Palo Alto Networks Device ............................................................................................ 126
Example: Yamaha Device ........................................................................................................... 136
Example: Generic Customer Gateway Using BGP .......................................................................... 146
Example: Generic Customer Gateway (without BGP) ...................................................................... 154
Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................... 162
Cisco ASA Customer Gateway Connectivity .......................................................................... 162
IKE .......................................................................................................................... 162
IPsec ....................................................................................................................... 163
Routing .................................................................................................................... 164
Cisco IOS Customer Gateway Connectivity ........................................................................... 165
IKE .......................................................................................................................... 165
IPsec ....................................................................................................................... 166
Tunnel ..................................................................................................................... 168
BGP ........................................................................................................................ 169
Virtual Private Gateway Attachment .............................................................................. 169
Cisco IOS Customer Gateway Connectivity (without BGP) ....................................................... 170
IKE .......................................................................................................................... 170
IPsec ....................................................................................................................... 170
Tunnel ..................................................................................................................... 172
Juniper JunOS Customer Gateway Connectivity ..................................................................... 174
IKE .......................................................................................................................... 174
IPsec ....................................................................................................................... 174
Tunnel ..................................................................................................................... 175
BGP ........................................................................................................................ 175
Juniper ScreenOS Customer Gateway Connectivity ................................................................ 177
IKE and IPsec ........................................................................................................... 177
Tunnel ..................................................................................................................... 177
v
BGP ........................................................................................................................ 178

Yamaha Customer Gateway Connectivity .............................................................................. 180
IKE .......................................................................................................................... 180
IPsec ....................................................................................................................... 180
Tunnel ..................................................................................................................... 181
BGP ........................................................................................................................ 182
Generic Device Customer Gateway Connectivity .................................................................... 183
Generic Device Customer Gateway Connectivity (without BGP) ................................................ 186
Configuring Windows Server 2008 R2 as a Customer Gateway ........................................................ 189
Prerequisites ..................................................................................................................... 189
Configuring Your Windows Server ................................................................................ 189
Configuring VPN Components for Your VPC .................................................................. 190
Step 1: Create a VPN Connection ...................................................................................... 191
Step 2: Download the Configuration File for the VPN Connection .............................................. 191
Step 3: Configure the Windows Server ................................................................................. 193
Step 4: Set Up the VPN Tunnel ........................................................................................... 195
Option 1: Run netsh Script .......................................................................................... 195
Option 2: Use the Windows Server User Interface .......................................................... 195
Step 5: Enable Dead Gateway Detection .............................................................................. 201
Step 6: Test the VPN Connection ........................................................................................ 202
Configuring Windows Server 2012 R2 as a Customer Gateway ........................................................ 204
Prerequisites ..................................................................................................................... 204
Configuring Your Windows Server ................................................................................ 204
Configuring VPN Components for Your VPC .................................................................. 205
Step 1: Create a VPN Connection ...................................................................................... 206
Step 2: Download the Configuration File for the VPN Connection .............................................. 206
Step 3: Configure the Windows Server ................................................................................. 208
Step 4: Set Up the VPN Tunnel ........................................................................................... 209
Option 1: Run netsh Script .......................................................................................... 209
Option 2: Use the Windows Server User Interface .......................................................... 209
2.4: Configure the Windows Firewall ............................................................................. 213
Step 5: Enable Dead Gateway Detection .............................................................................. 214
Step 6: Test the VPN Connection ........................................................................................ 215
Document History ...................................................................................................................... 217
vi
Welcome
Welcome to the Amazon Virtual Private Cloud Network Administrator Guide. This guide is for
customers who plan to use an IPsec hardware VPN with their virtual private cloud (VPC). The topics
in this guide help you configure your customer gateway, which is the device on your side of the VPN
connection.
The VPN connection lets you bridge your VPC and IT infrastructure, and extend your existing security
and management policies to EC2 instances in your VPC as if they were running within your own
infrastructure.
For more information, see the following topics:
Your Customer Gateway (p. 2)

Example: Check Point Device with Border Gateway Protocol (p. 13)
Example: Check Point Device without Border Gateway Protocol (p. 23)
Example: Cisco ASA Device (p. 35)
Example: Cisco IOS Device (p. 43)
Example: Cisco IOS Device without Border Gateway Protocol (p. 54)
Example: Dell SonicWALL SonicOS Device Without Border Gateway Protocol (p. 72)
Example: Dell SonicWALL Device (p. 64)
Example: Juniper J-Series JunOS Device (p. 92)
Example: Juniper SRX JunOS Device (p. 104)
Example: Juniper ScreenOS Device (p. 116)
Example: Palo Alto Networks Device (p. 126)
Example: Yamaha Device (p. 136)
Example: Generic Customer Gateway Using Border Gateway Protocol (p. 146)
Example: Generic Customer Gateway without Border Gateway Protocol (p. 154)
Configuring Windows Server 2008 R2 as a Customer Gateway (p. 189)
Configuring Windows Server 2012 R2 as a Customer Gateway (p. 204)
1
Your Role
Your Customer Gateway

Topics
Your Role (p. 2)
What Is a Customer Gateway? (p. 2)
Summary of What You Need to Do (p. 4)
Determining Your Network Information (p. 4)
Four Main Parts to Customer Gateway Configuration (p. 5)
AWS VPN CloudHub and Redundant Customer Gateways (p. 6)
Configuring Multiple VPN Connections to Your Amazon VPC (p. 6)
Customer Gateway Devices We've Tested (p. 7)
Requirements for Your Customer Gateway (p. 8)
If You Have a Firewall Between the Internet and Your Customer Gateway (p. 10)
Your Role
Throughout this guide, we refer to your company's integration team, which is the person (or persons)
at your company working to integrate your infrastructure with Amazon VPC. This team might consist
of just you, or might not include you at all, depending on how your company allocates network
engineering resources. The important thing to know is that someone at your company must use the
AWS Management Console to get the information that you need to configure your customer gateway,
and someone must actually configure the customer gateway. Your company might have a separate
team for each task (an integration team that uses the AWS Management Console, and a separate
network engineering group that has access to network devices and configures the customer gateway).
Or your company might have a single person who does both tasks, or some other arrangement
entirely. This guide assumes that you're someone in the network engineering group who receives
information from your company's integration team so you can then configure the customer gateway
device.
What Is a Customer Gateway?

Your company has decided to use an optional Amazon VPC VPN connection that links your data
center (or network) to your Amazon VPC virtual private cloud (VPC). A customer gateway is the anchor
on your side of that connection. It can be a physical or software appliance. The anchor on the AWS
side of the VPN connection is called a virtual private gateway.
The following diagram shows your network, the customer gateway, the VPN connection that goes
to the virtual private gateway, and the VPC. There are two lines between the customer gateway and
2
What Is a Customer Gateway?
virtual private gateway because the VPN connection consists of two tunnels. We chose this design
to provide increased availability for the Amazon VPC service. If there's a device failure within AWS,
your VPN connection automatically fails over to the second tunnel so that your access isn't interrupted.
When you configure your customer gateway, it's important you configure both tunnels.
The address of the external interface for your customer gateway must be a static address. Your
customer gateway may reside behind a device performing network address translation (NAT). To
ensure that NAT traversal (NAT-T) can function, you must adjust your firewall rules to unblock UDP
port 4500. You can create additional VPN connections to other VPCs using the same customer
gateway device. You can reuse the same customer gateway IP address for each of those VPN
connections.
From time to time, AWS performs routine maintenance on the virtual private gateway. This
maintenance may disable one of the two tunnels of your VPN connection for a brief period of
time. Your VPN connection automatically fails over to the second tunnel while this maintenance is
performed. To ensure uninterrupted service, it's important that you configure both tunnels.
When you create a VPN connection, the VPN tunnel comes up when traffic is generated from your side
of the VPN connection. The virtual private gateway is not the initiator; your customer gateway must
initiate the tunnels.
3
Summary of What You Need to Do
For more information about the requirements for a VPN connection, see What You Need for a VPN
Connection in the Amazon VPC User Guide.
To protect against a loss of connectivity if your customer gateway becomes unavailable, you can set up
a second VPN connection. For more information, see Using Redundant VPN Connections to Provide
Failover.
Summary of What You Need to Do

The overall process of setting up the VPN connection is covered in the topic Adding a Hardware Virtual
Private Gateway to Your VPC in the Amazon VPC User Guide. One task in the process is to configure
the customer gateway. The following table summarizes what you need to do to configure the customer
gateway.
Process for Configuring the Customer Gateway
1 Designate an appliance to act as your customer gateway (for more information, see
Customer Gateway Devices We've Tested (p. 7) and Requirements for Your Customer
Gateway (p. 8)).
2 Determine the following information about the customer gateway:
The vendor (for example, Cisco Systems), the platform (for example, ISR Series Routers),
and the software version (for example, IOS 12.4)
The Internet-routable IP address for the customer gateway device interface
We assume that the BGP ASN for the customer gateway is 65000.
3 Give the preceding information to your integration team. The integration team creates your
VPN connection and gets the information that you need to configure the customer gateway.
4 Get the configuration information from the integration team.
5 Configure your customer gateway using the configuration information that you received from
the integration team.
6 Notify your integration team when you're done configuring the customer gateway.
Determining Your Network Information

The first task for your integration team is to determine the set of information in the following table. This
table includes example values for some of the items. You can use the example values or determine
real values. You must obtain real values for all the other items.
Tip
You can print the table and fill in the values you plan to use in the column on the far right.
Item How Used Comments Your Value
VPC CIDR block Used in a customer Example:

gateway configuration. 10.0.0.0/16
Subnet #1 CIDR block Example:

(can be same as the 10.0.1.0/24
4
Four Main Parts to Customer Gateway Configuration
Item How Used Comments Your Value

CIDR block for the
VPC)
(Optional) Subnet #2 Example:

CIDR block 10.0.2.0/24
(Optional) Subnet #N
CIDR block
Customer gateway Used in an API

type (for example, call to specify the
Cisco ISR, Juniper format of the returned
J-Series, or Juniper information that you
SSG) use to configure the
customer gateway
Internet-routable Used in customer The value must be

IP address of the gateway configuration static.
customer gateway's (referred to as
external interface YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS)
(Optional) Border Used in customer You can use an

Gateway Protocol gateway configuration existing ASN assigned
(BGP) Autonomous for devices that use to your network. If
System Number BGP (referred to as you don't have one,
(ASN) of the customer YOUR_BGP_ASN) you can use a private
gateway ASN (in the 64512
65534 range). For
more information
about ASNs, go to the
Wikipedia article.
If you have a firewall between your customer gateway and the Internet, see If You Have a Firewall
Between the Internet and Your Customer Gateway (p. 10).
Four Main Parts to Customer Gateway

Configuration
There are four main parts to the configuration of your customer gateway. Throughout this guide,
we use a special symbol for each of these parts to help you understand what you need to do. The
following table shows the four parts and the corresponding symbols.
IKE Security Association (required to exchange keys used to establish the IPsec
security association)
IPsec Security Association (handles the tunnel's encryption, authentication, and so on.)
Tunnel interface (receives traffic going to and from the tunnel)
5
AWS VPN CloudHub and Redundant Customer Gateways
Optional BGP peering (exchanges routes between the customer gateway and the virtual private
gateway) for devices that use BGP
AWS VPN CloudHub and Redundant Customer

Gateways
You can establish multiple VPN connections to a single virtual private gateway from multiple customer
gateways. This configuration can be used in different ways; you can have redundant customer
gateways between your data center and your VPC, or you can have multiple locations connected to the
AWS VPN CloudHub.
If you have redundant customer gateways, each customer gateway advertises the same prefix (for
example, 0.0.0.0/0) to the virtual private gateway. We use BGP routing to determine the path for traffic.
If one customer gateway fails, the virtual private gateway directs all traffic to the working customer
gateway.
If you use the AWS VPN CloudHub configuration, multiple sites can access your VPC or securely
access each other using a simple hub-and-spoke model. You configure each customer gateway to
advertise a site-specific prefix (such as 10.0.0.0/24, 10.0.1.0/24) to the virtual private gateway. The
virtual private gateway routes traffic to the appropriate site and advertises the reachability of one site to
all other sites.
To configure the AWS VPN CloudHub, use the Amazon VPC console to create multiple customer
gateways, each with the public IP address of the gateway. You can use the same Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP) Autonomous System Number (ASN) for each, or if you prefer, you can use a unique
ASN for each. Then create a VPN connection from each customer gateway to a common VPN
gateway. Use the instructions that follow to configure each customer gateway to connect to the virtual
private gateway.
To enable instances in your VPC to reach the virtual private gateway (and then your customer
gateways), you must configure routes in your VPC routing tables. For complete instructions, see
the Amazon VPC User Guide. For AWS VPN CloudHub, you can configure an aggregate route in
your VPC routing table (for example, 10.0.0.0/16), and use more specific prefixes between customer
gateways and the virtual private gateway.
Configuring Multiple VPN Connections to Your

Amazon VPC
You can create up to ten VPN connections for your VPC. You can use multiple VPN connections to
link your remote offices to the same VPC. For example, if you have offices in Los Angeles, Chicago,
New York, and Miami, you can link each of these offices to your VPC. You can also use multiple VPN
connections to establish redundant customer gateways from a single location.
Note
If you need more than ten VPN connections, complete the Request to Increase Amazon VPC
Limits form to request an increased limit.
When you create multiple VPN connections, the virtual private gateway sends network traffic to the
appropriate VPN connection using statically assigned routes or BGP route advertisements, depending
6
Customer Gateway Devices We've Tested
upon how the VPN connection was configured. Statically assigned routes are preferred over BGP
advertised routes in cases where identical routes exist in the virtual private gateway.
When you have customer gateways at multiple geographic locations, each customer gateway should
advertise a unique set of IP ranges specific to the location. When you establish redundant customer
gateways at a single location, both gateways should advertise the same IP ranges.
The virtual private gateway receives routing information from all customer gateways and calculates the
set of preferred paths using the BGP best path selection algorithm. The rules of that algorithm, as it
applies to VPC, are:
1. The most specific IP prefix is preferred (for example, 10.0.0.0/24 is preferable to 10.0.0.0/16). For
more information, see Route Priority in the Amazon VPC User Guide.
2. When the prefixes are the same, statically configured VPN connections, if they exist, are preferred.
For matching prefixes where each VPN connection uses BGP, the AS PATH is compared and the
prefix with the shortest AS PATH is preferred. Alternatively, you can prepend AS_PATH, so that the
path is less preferred.
3. When the AS PATHs are the same length, the path origin is compared. Prefixes with an Interior
Gateway Protocol (IGP) origin are preferred to Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) origins, which are
preferred to unknown origins.
The following diagram shows the configuration of multiple VPNs.
Customer Gateway Devices We've Tested

Your customer gateway can be a physical or software appliance.
7
Requirements for Your Customer Gateway
For information about the specific routers that we've tested, see What customer gateway devices are
known to work with Amazon VPC? in the Amazon VPC FAQ.
This guide presents information about how to configure the following devices:
Check Point Security Gateway running R77.10 (or later) software

Cisco ASA running Cisco ASA 8.2 (or later) software
Cisco IOS running Cisco IOS 12.4 (or later) software
Dell SonicWALL running SonicOS 5.9 (or later) software
Fortinet Fortigate 40+ Series running FortiOS 4.0 (or later) software
Juniper J-Series running JunOS 9.5 (or later) software
Juniper SRX running JunOS 11.0 (or later) software
Juniper SSG running ScreenOS 6.1, or 6.2 (or later) software
Juniper ISG running ScreenOS 6.1, or 6.2 (or later) software
Palo Alto Networks PANOS 4.1.2 (or later) software
Yamaha RT107e, RTX1200, RTX1500, RTX3000 and SRT100 routers
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 (or later) software
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (or later) software
If you have one of these devices, but configure it for IPsec in a different way than presented in this
guide, feel free to alter our suggested configuration to match your particular needs.

If you have a device that isn't in the preceding list of tested devices, this section describes the
requirements the device must meet for you to use it with Amazon VPC. The following table lists the
requirement the customer gateway must adhere to, the related RFC (for reference), and comments
about the requirement. For an example of the configuration information if your device isn't one of the
tested Cisco or Juniper devices, see Example: Generic Customer Gateway Using Border Gateway
Protocol (p. 146).
To provide context for the following requirements, think of each VPN connection as consisting of 2
separate tunnels. Each tunnel contains an IKE Security Association, an IPsec Security Association,
and a BGP Peering. You are limited to 1 unique Security Association (SA) pair per tunnel (1 inbound
and 1 outbound), and therefore 2 unique SA pairs in total for 2 tunnels (4 SAs). Some devices
use policy-based VPN and will create as many SAs as ACL entries. Therefore, you may need to
consolidate your rules and then filter so you don't permit unwanted traffic.
The VPN tunnel comes up when traffic is generated from your side of the VPN connection. The AWS
endpoint is not the initiator; your customer gateway must initiate the tunnels.
Requirement RFC Comments
Establish IKE Security RFC 2409 The IKE Security Association is established first between
Association using Pre- the virtual private gateway and customer gateway
Shared Keys using the Pre-Shared Key as the authenticator. Upon
establishment, IKE negotiates an ephemeral key to
secure future IKE messages. Proper establishment
of an IKE Security Association requires complete
agreement among the parameters, including encryption
and authentication parameters.
8
Requirement RFC Comments
Establish IPsec Security RFC 4301 Using the IKE ephemeral key, keys are established
Associations in Tunnel between the virtual private gateway and customer
mode gateway to form an IPsec Security Association (SA).
Traffic between gateways is encrypted and decrypted
using this SA. The ephemeral keys used to encrypt traffic
within the IPsec SA are automatically rotated by IKE on a
regular basis to ensure confidentiality of communications.
Utilize the AES 128-bit RFC 3602 The encryption function is used to ensure privacy among
encryption or AES 256-bit both IKE and IPsec Security Associations.
encryption function
Utilize the SHA-1 or RFC 2404 This hashing function is used to authenticate both IKE
SHA-256 hashing function and IPsec Security Associations.
Utilize Diffie-Hellman RFC 2409 IKE uses Diffie-Hellman to establish ephemeral keys to
Perfect Forward Secrecy. secure all communication between customer gateways
The following groups are and VPN gateways.
supported:
Phase 1 groups: 2,
14-18, 22, 23, and 24
Phase 2 groups: 1, 2, 5,
14-18, 22, 23, and 24
Utilize IPsec Dead Peer RFC 3706 The use of Dead Peer Detection enables the VPN
Detection devices to rapidly identify when a network condition
prevents delivery of packets across the Internet.
When this occurs, the gateways delete the Security
Associations and attempt to create new associations.
During this process, the alternate IPsec tunnel is utilized
if possible.
Bind tunnel to logical None Your gateway must support the ability to bind the IPsec
interface (route-based tunnel to a logical interface. The logical interface contains
VPN) an IP address used to establish BGP peering to the
virtual private gateway. This logical interface should
perform no additional encapsulation (for example, GRE,
IP in IP). Your interface should be set to a 1399 byte
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU).
Fragment IP packets RFC 4459 When packets are too large to be transmitted, they must
before encryption be fragmented. We will not reassemble fragmented
encrypted packets. Therefore, your VPN device must
fragment packets before encapsulating with the VPN
headers. The fragments are individually transmitted to
the remote host, which reassembles them. For more
information about fragmentation, see the Wikipedia article
on IP fragmentation.
(Optional) Establish BGP RFC 4271 BGP is used to exchange routes between the customer
peerings gateway and virtual private gateway for devices that use
BGP. All BGP traffic is encrypted and transmitted via
the IPsec Security Association. BGP is required for both
gateways to exchange the IP prefixes reachable through
the IPsec SA.
9
If You Have a Firewall Between the
Internet and Your Customer Gateway
We recommend you use the techniques listed in the following table to minimize problems related to the
amount of data that can be transmitted through the IPsec tunnel. Because the connection encapsulates
packets with additional network headers (including IPsec), the amount of data that can be transmitted
in a single packet is reduced.
Technique RFC Comments
Adjust the maximum RFC 4459 TCP packets are often the most prevalent type of packet
segment size of TCP across IPsec tunnels. Some gateways have the ability
packets entering the VPN to change the TCP Maximum Segment Size parameter.
tunnel This causes the TCP endpoints (clients, servers) to
reduce the amount of data sent with each packet. This
is an ideal approach, as the packets arriving at the
VPN devices are small enough to be encapsulated and
transmitted.
Reset the "Don't RFC 791 Some packets carry a flag, known as the Don't Fragment
Fragment" flag on packets (DF) flag, that indicates that the packet should not be
fragmented. If the packets carry the flag, the gateways
generate an ICMP Path MTU Exceeded message.
In some cases, applications do not contain adequate
mechanisms for processing these ICMP messages and
reducing the amount of data transmitted in each packet.
Some VPN devices have the ability to override the DF
flag and fragment packets unconditionally as required. If
your customer gateway has this ability, we recommend
that you use it as appropriate.
If You Have a Firewall Between the Internet and

Your Customer Gateway
To use this service, you must have an Internet-routable IP address to use as the endpoint for the
IPsec tunnels connecting your customer gateway to the virtual private gateway. If a firewall is in place
between the Internet and your gateway, the rules in the following tables must be in place to establish
the IPsec tunnels. The virtual private gateway addresses are in the configuration information that you'll
get from the integration team.
Inbound (from the Internet)
Input Rule I1
Source IP Virtual Private Gateway 1
Dest IP Customer Gateway
Protocol UDP
Source Port 500
Destination 500
Input Rule I2
10
Protocol UDP
Source Port 500
Destination Port 500
Input Rule I3
Protocol IP 50 (ESP)
Input Rule I4
Outbound (to the Internet)
Output Rule O1
Source IP Customer Gateway
Dest IP Virtual Private Gateway 1
Protocol UDP
Source Port 500
Output Rule O2
Protocol UDP
Source Port 500
Output Rule O3
Output Rule O4
11
Rules I1, I2, O1, and O2 enable the transmission of IKE packets. Rules I3, I4, O3, and O4 enable the
transmission of IPsec packets containing the encrypted network traffic.
If you are using NAT traversal (NAT-T) on your device, then you must include rules that allow UDP
access over port 4500. Check if your device is advertising NAT-T.
12
High-Level View of the Customer Gateway
Example: Check Point Device with

Border Gateway Protocol
This section has example configuration information provided by your integration team if your customer
gateway is a Check Point Security Gateway device running R77.10 or above, and using the Gaia
operating system.
Topics
High-Level View of the Customer Gateway (p. 13)
Configuration File (p. 14)
Configuring the Check Point Device (p. 15)
How to Test the Customer Gateway Configuration (p. 20)

The following diagram shows the general details of your customer gateway. Note that the VPN
connection consists of two separate tunnels. Using redundant tunnels ensures continuous availability in
the case that a device fails.
13
Configuration File
Configuration File
Your integration team will provide you with a configuration file with the values you need in order to
configure each tunnel and the IKE and IPsec settings for your VPN device. The configuration file
includes instructions on how to use the Gaia web portal and Check Point SmartDashboard to configure
your device. The same steps are provided in the next section.
The following is an extract of an example configuration file. The file contains two sections: IPSec
Tunnel #1 and IPSec Tunnel #2. You must use the values provided in each section to configure
each tunnel.
! Amazon Web Services

! Virtual Private Cloud
! AWS uses unique identifiers to manipulate the configuration of

! a VPN connection. Each VPN connection is assigned an identifier and is
! associated with two other identifiers, namely the
! customer gateway identifier and virtual private gateway identifier.
!
! Your VPN connection ID : vpn-12345678
! Your virtual private gateway ID : vgw-12345678
! Your customer gateway ID : cgw-12345678
!
!
! This configuration consists of two tunnels. Both tunnels must be
! configured on your customer gateway.
!
14
Configuring the Check Point Device
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #1
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #1: Tunnel Interface Configuration
...
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #2
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
...

The following procedures demonstrate how to configure the VPN tunnels, network objects, and security
for your VPN connection. You must replace the example values in the procedures with the values that
are provided in the configuration file.
Note
For more information, go to the Amazon Web Services (AWS) VPN BGP article on the Check
Point Support Center.
Topics
Step 1: Configure the Tunnel Interfaces (p. 15)
Step 2: Configure BGP (p. 16)
Step 3: Create Network Objects (p. 17)
Step 4: Create a VPN Community and Configure IKE and IPsec (p. 18)
Step 5: Configure the Firewall (p. 19)
(Optional) Step 6: Enable Dead Peer Detection and TCP MSS Clamping (p. 20)
Step 1: Configure the Tunnel Interfaces

The first step to create the VPN tunnels and provide the private (inside) IP addresses of the customer
gateway and virtual private gateway for each tunnel. For the first tunnel, use the information provided
under the IPSec Tunnel #1 section of the configuration file. For the second tunnel, use the values
provided in the IPSec Tunnel #2 section of the configuration file.
To configure the tunnel interface
1. Connect to your security gateway over SSH. If you're using the non-default shell, change to clish
by running the following command: clish
2. Set the customer gateway ASN (the ASN that was provided when the customer gateway was
created in AWS) by running the following command:
set as 65000
15
Step 2: Configure BGP
3. Create the tunnel interface for the first tunnel, using the information provided under the IPSec
Tunnel #1 section of the configuration file. Provide a unique name for your tunnel, such as
AWS_VPC_Tunnel_1.
add vpn tunnel 1 type numbered local 169.254.44.234 remote 169.254.44.233

peer AWS_VPC_Tunnel_1
set interface vpnt1 state on
set interface vpnt1 mtu 1436
4. Repeat these commands to create the second tunnel, using the information provided under the
IPSec Tunnel #2 section of the configuration file. Provide a unique name for your tunnel, such
as AWS_VPC_Tunnel_2.
add vpn tunnel 1 type numbered local 169.254.44.38 remote 169.254.44.37

peer AWS_VPC_Tunnel_2
set interface vpnt2 state on
5. Set the virtual private gateway ASN:
set bgp external remote-as 7224 on
6. Configure the BGP for the first tunnel, using the information provided IPSec Tunnel #1 section
of the configuration file:
set bgp external remote-as 7224 peer 169.254.44.233 on

set bgp external remote-as 7224 peer 169.254.44.233 holdtime 30
set bgp external remote-as 7224 peer 169.254.44.233 keepalive 10
7. Configure the BGP for the second tunnel, using the information provided IPSec Tunnel #2
section of the configuration file:
set bgp external remote-as 7224 peer 169.254.44.37 on

set bgp external remote-as 7224 peer 169.254.44.37 holdtime 30
set bgp external remote-as 7224 peer 169.254.44.37 keepalive 10
8. Save the configuration:
save config
Step 2: Configure BGP

In this step, you create a BGP policy that allows the import of routes that are advertised by AWS, and
then configure your customer gateway to advertise its local routes to AWS.
To create a BGP policy
1. In the Gaia WebUI, choose Advanced Routing, Inbound Route Filters. Choose Add, and select
Add BGP Policy (Based on AS).
2. For Add BGP Policy, select a value between 512 and 1024 in the first field, and enter the virtual
private gateway ASN in the second field; for example, 7224.
3. Choose Save.
16
Step 3: Create Network Objects
The following steps are for distributing local interface routes. You can also redistribute routes from
different sources; for example, static routes, or routes obtained through dynamic routing protocols. For
more information, go to the Gaia Advanced Routing R77 Versions Administration Guide.
To advertise local routes
1. In the Gaia WebUI, choose Advanced Routing, Routing Redistribution. Choose Add
Redistribution From and select Interface.
2. For To Protocol, select the virtual private gateway ASN; for example, 7224.
3. For Interface, select an internal interface. Choose Save.

In this step, you create a network object for each VPN tunnel, specifying the public (outside) IP
addresses for the virtual private gateway. You later add these network objects as satellite gateways
for your VPN community. You also need to create an empty group to act as a placeholder for the VPN
domain.
To define a new network object
1. Open the Check Point SmartDashboard.

2. For Groups, open the context menu and choose Groups, Simple Group. You can use the same
group for each network object.
3. For Network Objects, open the context (right-click) menu and choose New, Interoperable
Device.
4. For Name, enter the name you provided for your tunnel in step 1, for example,
AWS_VPC_Tunnel_1 or AWS_VPC_Tunnel_2.
5. For IPv4 Address, enter the outside IP address of the virtual private gateway provided in the
configuration file, for example, 54.84.169.196. Save your settings and close the dialog box.
6. In the left category pane, choose Topology.

7. In the VPN Domain section, choose Manually defined, and browse to and select the empty
simple group that you created in step 2. Choose OK.
8. Repeat these steps to create a second network object, using the information under the IPSec
Tunnel #2 section of the configuration file.
17
Step 4: Create a VPN Community
and Configure IKE and IPsec
9. Go to your gateway network object, open your gateway or cluster object, and choose Topology.
simple group that you created in step 2. Choose OK
Note
You can keep any existing VPN domain that you've configured; however, ensure that the
hosts and networks that are used or served by the new VPN connection are not declared
in that VPN domain, especially if the VPN domain is automatically derived.
Note
If you're using clusters, then edit the topology and define the interfaces as cluster interfaces.
Use the IP addresses specified in the configuration file.
Step 4: Create a VPN Community and Configure

IKE and IPsec
In this step, you create a VPN community on your Check Point gateway, to which you add the network
objects (interoperable devices) for each tunnel. You also configure the Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
and IPsec settings.
To create and configure the VPN community, IKE, and IPsec settings
1. From your gateway properties, choose IPSec VPN in the category pane.
2. Choose Communities, New, Star Community.
3. Provide a name for your community (for example, AWS_VPN_Star), and then choose Center
Gateways in the category pane.
4. Choose Add, and add your gateway or cluster to the list of participant gateways.
5. In the category pane, choose Satellite Gateways, Add, and add the interoperable devices you
created earlier (AWS_VPC_Tunnel_1 and AWS_VPC_Tunnel_2) to the list of participant gateways.
6. In the category pane, choose Encryption. In the Encryption Method section, choose IKEv1
for IPv4 and IKEv2 for IPv6. In the Encryption Suite section, choose Custom, Custom
Encryption.
7. In the dialog box, configure the encryption properties as follows, and choose OK when you're
done:
IKE Security Association (Phase 1) Properties:

Perform key exchange encryption with: AES-128
Perform data integrity with: SHA1
IPsec Security Association (Phase 2) Properties:
Perform IPsec data encryption with: AES-128
Perform data integrity with: SHA-1
8. In the category pane, choose Tunnel Management. Choose Set Permanent Tunnels, On all
tunnels in the community. In the VPN Tunnel Sharing section, choose One VPN tunnel per
subnet pair.
9. In the category pane, expand Advanced Settings, and choose Shared Secret.
10. Select the peer name for the first tunnel, choose Edit, and enter the pre-shared key as specified in
the configuration file in the IPSec Tunnel #1 section.
11. Select the peer name for the second tunnel, choose Edit, and enter the pre-shared key as
specified in the configuration file in the IPSec Tunnel #2 section.
18
Step 5: Configure the Firewall
12. Still in the Advanced Settings category, choose Advanced VPN Properties, configure the
properties as follows, and choose OK when you're done:
IKE (Phase 1):

Use Diffie-Hellman group: Group 2 (1024 bit)
Renegotiate IKE security associations every 480 minutes
IPsec (Phase 2):
Choose Use Perfect Forward Secrecy
Use Diffie-Hellman group: Group 2 (1024 bit)
Renegotiate IPsec security associations every 3600 seconds

In this step, you configure a policy with firewall rules and directional match rules that allow
communication between the VPC and the local network. You then install the policy on your gateway.
To create firewall rules
1. In the SmartDashboard, choose Global Properties for your gateway. In the category pane,
expand VPN, and choose Advanced.
2. Choose Enable VPN Directional Match in VPN Column, and choose OK.
3. In the SmartDashboard, choose Firewall, and create a policy with the following rules:
19
(Optional) Step 6: Enable Dead Peer
Detection and TCP MSS Clamping
Allow the VPC subnet to communicate with the local network over the required protocols.
Allow the local network to communicate with the VPC subnet over the required protocols.
4. Open the context menu for the cell in the VPN column, and choose Edit Cell.
5. In the VPN Match Conditions dialog box, choose Match traffic in this direction only. Create the
following directional match rules by choosing Add for each, and choose OK when you're done:
internal_clear > VPN community (The VPN star community you created earlier, for
example, AWS_VPN_Star)
VPN community > VPN community
VPN community > internal_clear
6. In the SmartDashboard, choose Policy, Install.
7. In the dialog box, choose your gateway and choose OK to install the policy.
(Optional) Step 6: Enable Dead Peer Detection and

TCP MSS Clamping
Your Check Point gateway can use Dead Peer Detection (DPD) to identify when an IKE association is
down.
To enable DPD, run the following from the command line interface in expert mode:
ckp_regedit -a SOFTWARE/CheckPoint/VPN1 forceSendDPDPayload -n 1
To disable DPD, run the following command:
ckp_regedit -d SOFTWARE/CheckPoint/VPN1 forceSendDPDPayload
TCP MSS clamping reduces the maximum segment size of TCP packets to prevent packet
fragmentation.
To enable TCP MSS clamping
1. Navigate to the following directory: C:\Program Files (x86)\CheckPoint\SmartConsole

\R77.10\PROGRAM\.
2. Open the Check Point Database Tool by running the GuiDBEdit.exe file.
3. Choose Table, Global Properties, properties.
4. For fw_clamp_tcp_mss, choose Edit. Change the value to true and choose OK.
How to Test the Customer Gateway Configuration

You can test the gateway configuration for each tunnel.
To test the customer gateway configuration for each tunnel
1. On your customer gateway, determine whether the BGP status is Active.

It takes approximately 30 seconds for a BGP peering to become active.
2. Ensure that the customer gateway is advertising a route to the virtual private gateway. The route
may be the default route (0.0.0.0/0) or a more specific route you prefer.
20
When properly established, your BGP peering should be receiving one route from the virtual private
gateway corresponding to the prefix that your VPC integration team specified for the VPC (for example,
10.0.0.0/24). If the BGP peering is established, you are receiving a prefix, and you are advertising a
prefix, your tunnel is configured correctly. Make sure that both tunnels are in this state.
Next you must test the connectivity for each tunnel by launching an instance into your VPC, and
pinging the instance from your home network. Before you begin, make sure of the following:
Use an AMI that responds to ping requests. We recommend that you use one of the Amazon Linux
AMIs.
Configure your instance's security group and network ACL to enable inbound ICMP traffic.
Ensure that you have configured routing for your VPN connection: your subnet's route table must
contain a route to the virtual private gateway. For more information, see Enable Route Propagation
in Your Route Table in the Amazon VPC User Guide.
To test the end-to-end connectivity of each tunnel
1. Launch an instance of one of the Amazon Linux AMIs into your VPC. The Amazon Linux AMIs are
listed in the launch wizard when you launch an instance from the Amazon EC2 Console. For more
information, see the Amazon VPC Getting Started Guide.
2. After the instance is running, get its private IP address (for example, 10.0.0.4). The console
displays the address as part of the instance's details.
3. On a system in your home network, use the ping command with the instance's IP address. Make
sure that the computer you ping from is behind the customer gateway. A successful response
should be similar to the following.
PROMPT> ping 10.0.0.4

Pinging 10.0.0.4 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.0.0.4: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 10.0.0.4:

Packets: Sent = 3, Received = 3, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milliseconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
Note
If you ping an instance from your customer gateway router, ensure that you are sourcing
ping messages from an internal IP address, not a tunnel IP address. Some AMIs don't
respond to ping messages from tunnel IP addresses.
4. (Optional) To test tunnel failover, you can temporarily disable one of the tunnels on your customer
gateway, and repeat the above step. You cannot disable a tunnel on the AWS side of the VPN
connection.
On the Check Point gateway side, you can verify the tunnel status by running the following command
from the command line tool in expert mode:
vpn tunnelutil
In the options that display, choose 1 to verify the IKE associations and 2 to verify the IPsec
associations.
21
You can also use the Check Point Smart Tracker Log to verify that packets over the connection are
being encrypted. For example, the following log indicates that a packet to the VPC was sent over
tunnel 1 and was encrypted.
22
Example: Check Point Device

without Border Gateway Protocol
This section has example configuration information provided by your integration team if your customer
gateway is a Check Point Security Gateway device running R77.10 or above, and using the Gaia
operating system.
Topics
High-Level View of the Customer Gateway (p. 23)
Configuration File (p. 24)
Configuring the Check Point Device (p. 25)

23
Configuration File
Configuration File
Your integration team will provide you with a configuration file with the values you need in order to
configure each tunnel and the IKE and IPsec settings for your VPN device. The configuration file
includes instructions on how to use the Gaia web portal and Check Point SmartDashboard to configure
your device. The same steps are provided in the next section.
The following is an extract of an example configuration file. The file contains two sections: IPSec
Tunnel #1 and IPSec Tunnel #2. You must use the values provided in each section to configure
each tunnel.

! AWS uses unique identifiers to manipulate the configuration of

! a VPN connection. Each VPN connection is assigned an identifier and is
! customer gateway identifier and virtual private gateway identifier.
!
! Your VPN connection ID : vpn-12345678
! Your virtual private gateway ID : vgw-12345678
! Your customer gateway ID : cgw-12345678
!
!
24

!
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #1
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
...
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #2
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
...

The following procedures demonstrate how to configure the VPN tunnels, network objects, and security
for your VPN connection. You must replace the example values in the procedures with the values that
are provided in the configuration file.
Note
For more information, go to the Check Point Security Gateway IPsec VPN to Amazon Web
Services VPC article on the Check Point Support Center.
Topics
Step 1: Configure Tunnel Interface (p. 25)
Step 2: Configure the Static Route (p. 27)
Step 3: Create Network Objects (p. 28)
Step 4: Create a VPN Community and Configure IKE and IPsec (p. 29)
Step 5: Configure the Firewall (p. 31)
(Optional) Step 6: Enable Dead Peer Detection and TCP MSS Clamping (p. 31)
Step 1: Configure Tunnel Interface

The first step is to create the VPN tunnels and provide the private (inside) IP addresses of the
customer gateway and virtual private gateway for each tunnel. To create the first tunnel, use the
information provided under the IPSec Tunnel #1 section of the configuration file. To create the
second tunnel, use the values provided in the IPSec Tunnel #2 section of the configuration file.
To configure the tunnel interface
1. Open the Gaia portal of your Check Point Security Gateway device.
2. Choose Network Interfaces, Add, VPN tunnel.
3. In the dialog box, configure the settings as follows, and choose OK when you are done:
25
Step 1: Configure Tunnel Interface
For VPN Tunnel ID, enter any unique value, such as 1.

For Peer, enter a unique name for your tunnel, such as AWS_VPC_Tunnel_1 or
AWS_VPC_Tunnel_2.
Ensure that Numbered is selected, and for Local Address, enter the IP address specified for
CGW Tunnel IP in the configuration file, for example, 169.254.44.234.
For Remote Address, enter the IP address specified for VGW Tunnel IP in the configuration
file, for example, 169.254.44.233.
4. Connect to your security gateway over SSH. If you're using the non-default shell, change to clish
by running the following command: clish
5. For tunnel 1, run the following command:
For tunnel 2, run the following command:
6. Repeat these steps to create a second tunnel, using the information under the IPSec Tunnel #2
section of the configuration file.
26
Step 2: Configure the Static Route
Step 2: Configure the Static Route

In this step, you'll specify the static route to the subnet in the VPC for each tunnel to enable you to
send traffic over the tunnel interfaces. The second tunnel enables failover in case there is an issue with
the first tunnel if an issue is detected, the policy-based static route is removed from the routing table,
and the second route is activated. You must also enable the Check Point gateway to ping the other end
of the tunnel to check if the tunnel is up.
To configure the static routes
1. In the Gaia portal, choose IPv4 Static Routes, Add.

2. Specify the CIDR of your subnet, for example, 10.28.13.0/24.
3. Choose Add Gateway, IP Address.
4. Enter the IP address specified for VGW Tunnel IP in the configuration file (for example,
169.254.44.233), and specify a priority of 1.
5. Select Ping.
6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the second tunnel, using the VGW Tunnel IP value under the IPSec
Tunnel #2 section of the configuration file. Specify a priority of 2.
27
7. Choose Save.
If you're using a cluster, repeat the steps above for the other members of the cluster.

In this step, you create a network object for each VPN tunnel, specifying the public (outside) IP
addresses for the virtual private gateway. You later add these network objects as satellite gateways
for your VPN community. You also need to create an empty group to act as a placeholder for the VPN
domain.
To define a new network object
1. Open the Check Point SmartDashboard.

2. For Groups, open the context menu and choose Groups, Simple Group. You can use the same
group for each network object.
3. For Network Objects, open the context (right-click) menu and choose New, Interoperable
Device.
28
4. For Name, enter the name you provided for your tunnel, for example, AWS_VPC_Tunnel_1 or
AWS_VPC_Tunnel_2.
5. For IPv4 Address, enter the outside IP address of the virtual private gateway provided in the
configuration file, for example, 54.84.169.196. Save your settings and close the dialog box.
6. In the SmartDashboard, open your gateway properties and in the category pane, choose
Topology.
7. To retrieve the interface configuration, choose Get Topology.
simple group that you created in step 2. Choose OK.
Note
You can keep any existing VPN domain that you've configured; however, ensure that the
hosts and networks that are used or served by the new VPN connection are not declared
in that VPN domain, especially if the VPN domain is automatically derived.
9. Repeat these steps to create a second network object, using the information under the IPSec
Tunnel #2 section of the configuration file.
Note
If you're using clusters, then edit the topology and define the interfaces as cluster interfaces.
Use the IP addresses specified in the configuration file.
Step 4: Create a VPN Community and Configure

IKE and IPsec
In this step, you create a VPN community on your Check Point gateway, to which you add the network
objects (interoperable devices) for each tunnel. You also configure the Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
and IPsec settings.
To create and configure the VPN community, IKE, and IPsec settings
1. From your gateway properties, choose IPSec VPN in the category pane.
2. Choose Communities, New, Star Community.
3. Provide a name for your community (for example, AWS_VPN_Star), and then choose Center
Gateways in the category pane.
29
4. Choose Add, and add your gateway or cluster to the list of participant gateways.
5. In the category pane, choose Satellite Gateways, Add, and add the interoperable devices you
created earlier (AWS_VPC_Tunnel_1 and AWS_VPC_Tunnel_2) to the list of participant gateways.
6. In the category pane, choose Encryption. In the Encryption Method section, choose IKEv1
only. In the Encryption Suite section, choose Custom, Custom Encryption.
7. In the dialog box, configure the encryption properties as follows, and choose OK when you're
done:
IKE Security Association (Phase 1) Properties:

Perform key exchange encryption with: AES-128
Perform data integrity with: SHA1
IPsec Security Association (Phase 2) Properties:
Perform IPsec data encryption with: AES-128
Perform data integrity with: SHA-1
8. In the category pane, choose Tunnel Management. Choose Set Permanent Tunnels, On all
tunnels in the community. In the VPN Tunnel Sharing section, choose One VPN tunnel per
Gateway pair.
9. In the category pane, expand Advanced Settings, and choose Shared Secret.
10. Select the peer name for the first tunnel, choose Edit, and enter the pre-shared key as specified in
the configuration file in the IPSec Tunnel #1 section.
11. Select the peer name for the second tunnel, choose Edit, and enter the pre-shared key as
specified in the configuration file in the IPSec Tunnel #2 section.
30
12. Still in the Advanced Settings category, choose Advanced VPN Properties, configure the
properties as follows, and choose OK when you're done:
IKE (Phase 1):

Use Diffie-Hellman group: Group 2
Renegotiate IKE security associations every 480 minutes
IPsec (Phase 2):
Choose Use Perfect Forward Secrecy
Use Diffie-Hellman group: Group 2
Renegotiate IPsec security associations every 3600 seconds

In this step, you configure a policy with firewall rules and directional match rules that allow
communication between the VPC and the local network. You then install the policy on your gateway.
To create firewall rules
1. In the SmartDashboard, choose Global Properties for your gateway. In the category pane,
expand VPN, and choose Advanced.
2. Choose Enable VPN Directional Match in VPN Column, and save your changes.
3. In the SmartDashboard, choose Firewall, and create a policy with the following rules:
Allow the VPC subnet to communicate with the local network over the required protocols.
Allow the local network to communicate with the VPC subnet over the required protocols.
4. Open the context menu for the cell in the VPN column, and choose Edit Cell.
5. In the VPN Match Conditions dialog box, choose Match traffic in this direction only. Create the
following directional match rules by choosing Add for each, and choose OK when you're done:
internal_clear > VPN community (The VPN star community you created earlier, for
example, AWS_VPN_Star)
VPN community > VPN community
VPN community > internal_clear
6. In the SmartDashboard, choose Policy, Install.
7. In the dialog box, choose your gateway and choose OK to install the policy.
(Optional) Step 6: Enable Dead Peer Detection and

TCP MSS Clamping
Your Check Point gateway can use Dead Peer Detection (DPD) to identify when an IKE association is
down.
To enable DPD, run the following from the command line interface in expert mode:
ckp_regedit -a SOFTWARE/CheckPoint/VPN1 forceSendDPDPayload -n 1
To disable DPD, run the following command:
ckp_regedit -d SOFTWARE/CheckPoint/VPN1 forceSendDPDPayload
31
TCP MSS clamping reduces the maximum segment size of TCP packets to prevent packet
fragmentation.
To enable TCP MSS clamping
1. Navigate to the following directory: C:\Program Files (x86)\CheckPoint\SmartConsole

\R77.10\PROGRAM\.
2. Open the Check Point Database Tool by running the GuiDBEdit.exe file.
3. Choose Table, Global Properties, properties.
4. For fw_clamp_tcp_mss, choose Edit. Change the value to true and choose OK.

1. Ensure that the customer gateway has a static route to your VPC, as suggested in the
configuration templates provided by AWS.
2. Ensure that a static route has been added to the VPN connection so that traffic can get back to
your customer gateway. For example, if your local subnet prefix is 198.10.0.0/16, you need to
add a static route with that CIDR range to your VPN connection. Make sure that both tunnels have
a static route to your VPC.
AMIs.
Ensure that you have configured routing for your VPN connection - your subnet's route table must
listed in the launch wizard when you launch an instance from the AWS Management Console. For
more information, see the Amazon VPC Getting Started Guide.


32

Note
connection.
On the Check Point gateway side, you can verify the tunnel status by running the following command
from the command line tool in expert mode:
vpn tunnelutil
In the options that display, choose 1 to verify the IKE associations and 2 to verify the IPsec
associations.
You can also use the Check Point Smart Tracker Log to verify that packets over the connection are
being encrypted. For example, the following log indicates that a packet to the VPC was sent over
tunnel 1 and was encrypted.
33
34
A High-Level View of the Customer Gateway
Example: Cisco ASA Device
Topics
A High-Level View of the Customer Gateway (p. 35)
An Example Configuration (p. 36)
In this section we walk you through an example of the configuration information provided by your
integration team if your customer gateway is a Cisco ASA device running Cisco ASA 8.2+ software.
The diagram shows the high-level layout of the customer gateway. You should use the real
configuration information that you receive from your integration team and apply it to your customer
gateway.

35
An Example Configuration
Please note that some Cisco ASAs only support Active/Standby mode. When you use these Cisco
ASAs, you can have only one active tunnel at a time. The other standby tunnel becomes active if the
first tunnel becomes unavailable. With this redundancy, you should always have connectivity to your
VPC through one of the tunnels.
The configuration in this section is an example of the configuration information your integration team
should provide. The example configuration contains a set of information for each of the tunnels that you
must configure.
The example configuration includes example values to help you understand how configuration works.
For example, we provide example values for the VPN connection ID (vpn-12345678) and virtual
private gateway ID (vgw-12345678), and placeholders for the AWS endpoints (AWS_ENDPOINT_1 and
AWS_ENDPOINT_2). You'll replace these example values with the actual values from the configuration
information that you receive.
In addition, you must:
Configure the outside interface.

Ensure that the Crypto ISAKMP Policy Sequence number is unique.
Ensure that the Crypto List Policy Sequence number is unique.
Ensure that the Crypto IPsec Transform Set and the Crypto ISAKMP Policy Sequence are
harmonious with any other IPsec tunnels configured on the device.
Ensure that the SLA monitoring number is unique.
36
Configure all internal routing that moves traffic between the customer gateway and your local
network.
Warning
The following configuration information is an example of what you can expect your integration
team to provide. Many of the values in the following example will be different from the actual
configuration information that you receive. You must use the actual values and not the
example values shown here, or your implementation will fail.

!
! AWS utilizes unique identifiers to manipulate the configuration of
! a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned an identifier and is
! Customer Gateway Identifier and Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
!
! Your VPN Connection ID : vpn-12345678
! Your Virtual Private Gateway ID : vgw-12345678
! Your Customer Gateway ID : cgw-12345678
!
! configured on your Customer Gateway. Only a single tunnel will be up at a
! time to the VGW.
!
! You may need to populate these values throughout the config based on your
setup:
! outside_interface - External interface of the ASA
! outside_access_in - Inbound ACL on the external interface
! amzn_vpn_map - Outside crypto map
! vpc_subnet and vpc_subnet_mask - VPC address range
! local_subnet and local_subnet_mask - Local subnet address range
! sla_monitor_address - Target address that is part of acl-amzn to run SLA
monitoring
!
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnels
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #1: Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Configuration
!
! A policy is established for the supported ISAKMP encryption,
! authentication, Diffie-Hellman, lifetime, and key parameters.
!
! Note that there are a global list of ISAKMP policies, each identified by
! sequence number. This policy is defined as #201, which may conflict with
! an existing policy using the same or lower number depending on
! the encryption type. If so, we recommend changing the sequence number to
! avoid conflicts and overlap.
!
! Please note, these sample configurations are for the minimum requirement of
AES128, SHA1, and DH Group 2.
! You will need to modify these sample configuration files to take advantage
of AES256, SHA256, or other DH groups like 2, 14-18, 22, 23, and 24.
! The address of the external interface for your customer gateway must be a
static address.
37
! Your customer gateway may reside behind a device performing network address
translation (NAT).
! To ensure that NAT traversal (NAT-T) can function, you must adjust your
firewall rules to unblock UDP port 4500. If not behind NAT, we recommend
disabling NAT-T.
!
crypto isakmp identity address
crypto isakmp enable outside_interface
crypto isakmp policy 201
encryption aes
authentication pre-share
group 2
lifetime 28800
hash sha
exit
!
! The tunnel group sets the Pre Shared Key used to authenticate the
! tunnel endpoints.
!
tunnel-group AWS_ENDPOINT_1 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group AWS_ENDPOINT_1 ipsec-attributes
pre-shared-key password_here
!
! This option enables IPSec Dead Peer Detection, which causes periodic
! messages to be sent to ensure a Security Association remains operational.
!
isakmp keepalive threshold 10 retry 3
exit
!
tunnel-group AWS_ENDPOINT_2 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group AWS_ENDPOINT_2 ipsec-attributes
pre-shared-key password_here
!
!
isakmp keepalive threshold 10 retry 3
exit
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #2: Access List Configuration
!
! Access lists are configured to permit creation of tunnels and to send
applicable traffic over them.
! This policy may need to be applied to an inbound ACL on the outside
interface that is used to manage control-plane traffic.
! This is to allow VPN traffic into the device from the Amazon endpoints.
!
access-list outside_access_in extended permit ip host AWS_ENDPOINT_1
host YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
access-list outside_access_in extended permit ip host AWS_ENDPOINT_2
host YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
!
! The following access list named acl-amzn specifies all traffic that needs
to be routed to the VPC. Traffic will
! be encrypted and transmitted through the tunnel to the VPC. Association
with the IPSec security association
! is done through the "crypto map" command.
38
!
! This access list should contain a static route corresponding to your VPC
CIDR and allow traffic from any subnet.
! If you do not wish to use the "any" source, you must use a single access-
list entry for accessing the VPC range.
! If you specify more than one entry for this ACL without using "any" as the
source, the VPN will function erratically.
! The any rule is also used so the security association will include the ASA
outside interface where the SLA monitor
! traffic will be sourced from.
! See section #4 regarding how to restrict the traffic going over the tunnel
!
!
access-list acl-amzn extended permit ip any vpc_subnet vpc_subnet_mask
!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #3: IPSec Configuration
!
! The IPSec transform set defines the encryption, authentication, and IPSec
! mode parameters.
! Please note, you may use these additionally supported IPSec parameters for
encryption like AES256 and other DH groups like 1,2, 5, 14-18, 22, 23, and
24.
!
crypto ipsec ikev1 transform-set transform-amzn esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
! The crypto map references the IPSec transform set and further defines
! the Diffie-Hellman group and security association lifetime. The mapping is
created
! as #1, which may conflict with an existing crypto map using the same
! number. If so, we recommend changing the mapping number to avoid conflicts.
!
crypto map amzn-vpn-map 1 match address acl-amzn
crypto map amzn-vpn-map 1 set pfs group2
crypto map amzn-vpn-map 1 set peer AWS_ENDPOINT_1 AWS_ENDPOINT_2
crypto map amzn-vpn-map 1 set transform-set transform-amzn
crypto map amzn_vpn_map 1 set security-association lifetime seconds 3600
!
! Only set this if you do not already have an outside crypto map, and it is
not applied:
!
crypto map amzn-vpn-map interface outside_interface
!
! Additional parameters of the IPSec configuration are set here. Note that
! these parameters are global and therefore impact other IPSec
! associations.
!
! This option instructs the firewall to clear the "Don't Fragment"
! bit from packets that carry this bit and yet must be fragmented, enabling
! them to be fragmented.
!
crypto ipsec df-bit clear-df outside_interface
!
! This configures the gateway's window for accepting out of order
! IPSec packets. A larger window can be helpful if too many packets
! are dropped due to reordering while in transit between gateways.
!
crypto ipsec security-association replay window-size 128
!
39
! This option instructs the firewall to fragment the unencrypted packets

! (prior to encryption).
!
crypto ipsec fragmentation before-encryption outside_interface
!
! This option causes the firewall to reduce the Maximum Segment Size of
! TCP packets to prevent packet fragmentation.
sysopt connection tcpmss 1387
!
! In order to keep the tunnel in an active or always up state, the ASA needs
to send traffic to the subnet
! defined in acl-amzn. SLA monitoring can be configured to send pings to a
destination in the subnet and
! will keep the tunnel active. This traffic needs to be sent to a target that
will return a response.
! This can be manually tested by sending a ping to the target from the ASA
sourced from the outside interface.
! A possible destination for the ping is an instance within the VPC. For
redundancy multiple SLA monitors
! can be configured to several instances to protect against a single point of
failure.
!
! The monitor is created as #1, which may conflict with an existing monitor
using the same
! number. If so, we recommend changing the sequence number to avoid
conflicts.
!
sla monitor 1
type echo protocol ipIcmpEcho sla_monitor_address
interface outside_interface
frequency 5
exit
sla monitor schedule 1 life forever start-time now
!
! The firewall must allow icmp packets to use "sla monitor"
icmp permit any outside_interface
!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #4: VPN Filter
! The VPN Filter will restrict traffic that is permitted through the tunnels.
By default all traffic is denied.
! The first entry provides an example to include traffic between your VPC
Address space and your office.
! You may need to run 'clear crypto isakmp sa', in order for the filter to
take effect.
!
! access-list amzn-filter extended permit
ip vpc_subnet vpc_subnet_mask local_subnet local_subnet_mask
access-list amzn-filter extended deny ip any any
group-policy filter internal
group-policy filter attributes
vpn-filter value amzn-filter
tunnel-group AWS_ENDPOINT_1 general-attributes
default-group-policy filter
exit
tunnel-group AWS_ENDPOINT_2 general-attributes
default-group-policy filter
exit
40
!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #5: NAT Exemption
! If you are performing NAT on the ASA you will have to add a nat exemption
rule.
! This varies depending on how NAT is set up. It should be configured along
the lines of:
! object network obj-SrcNet
! subnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
! object network obj-amzn
! subnet vpc_subnet vpc_subnet_mask
! nat (inside,outside) 1 source static obj-SrcNet obj-SrcNet destination
static obj-amzn obj-amzn
! If using version 8.2 or older, the entry would need to look something like
this:
! nat (inside) 0 access-list acl-amzn
! Or, the same rule in acl-amzn should be included in an existing no nat ACL.

When using Cisco ASA as a customer gateway, only one tunnel will be in the UP state. The second
tunnel should be configured, but will only be used if the first tunnel goes down. The second tunnel
cannot be in the UP state when the first tunnel is in the UP state. Your console will display that only
one tunnel is up and it will show the second tunnel as down. This is expected behavior for Cisco ASA
customer gateway tunnels because ASA as a customer gateway only supports a single tunnel being up
at one time.
AMIs.
41




Note
connection.
If your tunnels do not test successfully, see Troubleshooting Cisco ASA Customer Gateway
Connectivity (p. 162).
42
Example: Cisco IOS Device
Topics
A Detailed View of the Customer Gateway and an Example Configuration (p. 45)
integration team if your customer gateway is a Cisco IOS device running Cisco IOS 12.4 (or later)
software.
Two diagrams illustrate the example configuration. The first diagram shows the high-level layout of the
customer gateway, and the second diagram shows details from the example configuration. You should
use the real configuration information that you receive from your integration team and apply it to your
customer gateway.
43

44
A Detailed View of the Customer
Gateway and an Example Configuration
A Detailed View of the Customer Gateway and an

Example Configuration
The diagram in this section illustrates an example Cisco IOS customer gateway. Following the diagram
is a corresponding example of the configuration information your integration team should provide. The
example configuration contains a set of information for each of the tunnels that you must configure.
In addition, the example configuration refers to these items that you must provide:
YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESSThe IP address for the Internet-routable external interface on the

customer gateway. The address must be static, and may be behind a device performing network
address translation (NAT). To ensure that NAT traversal (NAT-T) can function, you must adjust your
firewall rules to unblock UDP port 4500.
YOUR_BGP_ASNThe customer gateway's BGP ASN (we use 65000 by default)
The example configuration includes several example values to help you understand how configuration
works. For example, we provide example values for the VPN connection ID (vpn-44a8938f), virtual
private gateway ID (vgw-8db04f81), the IP addresses (72.21.209.*, 169.254.255.*), and the remote
ASN (7224). You'll replace these example values with the actual values from the configuration
Configure the outside interface

Configure the tunnel interface IDs (referred to as Tunnel1 and Tunnel2 in the example
configuration).
network.
In the following diagram and example configuration, you must replace the items in red italics with
values that apply to your particular configuration.
45
Warning


! a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned an identifier
! and is associated with two other identifiers, namely the
!
! Your VPN Connection ID : vpn-44a8938f
! Your Virtual Private Gateway ID : vgw-8db04f81
! Your Customer Gateway ID : cgw-b4dc3961
!
!
! configured on your Customer Gateway.
!
! -------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPsec Tunnel #1
! -------------------------------------------------------------------------

!
!
46
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
! an existing policy using the same number. If so, we recommend changing
! the sequence number to avoid conflicts.
!
encryption aes 128
group 2
lifetime 28800
hash sha
exit
! The ISAKMP keyring stores the Pre Shared Key used to authenticate the
! tunnel endpoints.
!
crypto keyring keyring-vpn-44a8938f-0
local-address YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
pre-shared-key address 72.21.209.225 key plain-text-password1
exit
! An ISAKMP profile is used to associate the keyring with the particular

! endpoint.
!
crypto isakmp profile isakmp-vpn-44a8938f-0
match identity address 72.21.209.225
keyring keyring-vpn-44a8938f-0
exit
! #2: IPsec Configuration

!
! The IPsec transform set defines the encryption, authentication, and IPsec
! mode parameters.
24.
!
crypto ipsec transform-set ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-0 esp-aes 128 esp-sha-
hmac
mode tunnel
exit
! The IPsec profile references the IPsec transform set and further defines
47
! the Diffie-Hellman group and security association lifetime.
!
crypto ipsec profile ipsec-vpn-44a8938f-0
set pfs group2
set security-association lifetime seconds 3600
set transform-set ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-0
exit
! Additional parameters of the IPsec configuration are set here. Note that
! these parameters are global and therefore impact other IPsec
! associations.
! This option instructs the router to clear the "Don't Fragment"
!
crypto ipsec df-bit clear
! This option enables IPsec Dead Peer Detection, which causes periodic
!
crypto isakmp keepalive 10 10 on-demand

! IPsec packets. A larger window can be helpful if too many packets
!
! This option instructs the router to fragment the unencrypted packets

!
crypto ipsec fragmentation before-encryption

!
! A tunnel interface is configured to be the logical interface associated
! with the tunnel. All traffic routed to the tunnel interface will be
! encrypted and transmitted to the VPC. Similarly, traffic from the VPC
! will be logically received on this interface.
!
! Association with the IPsec security association is done through the
! "tunnel protection" command.
!
! The address of the interface is configured with the setup for your
! Customer Gateway. If the address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN
! Connection must be recreated with Amazon VPC.
!
interface Tunnel1
ip address 169.254.255.2 255.255.255.252
ip virtual-reassembly
tunnel source YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
tunnel destination 72.21.209.225
tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec-vpn-44a8938f-0
! This option causes the router to reduce the Maximum Segment Size of
48
ip tcp adjust-mss 1387
no shutdown
exit
! #4: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Configuration

!
! BGP is used within the tunnel to exchange prefixes between the

! Virtual Private Gateway and your Customer Gateway. The Virtual Private
Gateway
! will announce the prefix corresponding to your VPC.
!
! Your Customer Gateway may announce a default route (0.0.0.0/0),
! which can be done with the 'network' statement and
! 'default-originate' statements.
!
! The BGP timers are adjusted to provide more rapid detection of outages.
!
! The local BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN) (YOUR_BGP_ASN) is configured
! as part of your Customer Gateway. If the ASN must be changed, the
! Customer Gateway and VPN Connection will need to be recreated with AWS.
!
router bgp YOUR_BGP_ASN
neighbor 169.254.255.1 remote-as 7224
neighbor 169.254.255.1 activate
neighbor 169.254.255.1 timers 10 30 30
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 169.254.255.1 timers 10 30 30
neighbor 169.254.255.1 default-originate
neighbor 169.254.255.1 soft-reconfiguration inbound
! To advertise additional prefixes to Amazon VPC, copy the 'network'
statement
! and identify the prefix you wish to advertise. Make sure the prefix is
present
! in the routing table of the device with a valid next-hop.
network 0.0.0.0
exit
exit
! -------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPsec Tunnel #2
! -------------------------------------------------------------------------

!
49
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
!
encryption aes 128
group 2
lifetime 28800
hash sha
exit
! tunnel endpoints.
!
crypto keyring keyring-vpn-44a8938f-1
pre-shared-key address 72.21.209.193 key plain-text-password2
exit

! endpoint.
!
crypto isakmp profile isakmp-vpn-44a8938f-1
keyring keyring-vpn-44a8938f-1
exit
! #2: IPsec Configuration

!
! The IPsec transform set defines the encryption, authentication, and IPsec
! mode parameters.
24.
!
crypto ipsec transform-set ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 esp-aes 128 esp-sha-
hmac
mode tunnel
exit
! The IPsec profile references the IPsec transform set and further defines
!
crypto ipsec profile ipsec-vpn-44a8938f-1
set pfs group2
50
set transform-set ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1
exit
! Additional parameters of the IPsec configuration are set here. Note that
! these parameters are global and therefore impact other IPsec
! associations.
!
! This option enables IPsec Dead Peer Detection, which causes periodic
!

! IPsec packets. A larger window can be helpful if too many packets
!

!

!
!
! Association with the IPsec security association is done through the
!
!
interface Tunnel2
ip address 169.254.255.6 255.255.255.252
tunnel source YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec-vpn-44a8938f-1
no shutdown
exit
51

!

Gateway
! will announce the prefix corresponding to your Cloud.
!
! Your Customer Gateway may announce a default route (0.0.0.0/0),
! which can be done with the 'network' statement and
! 'default-originate' statements.
!
! The BGP timers are adjusted to provide more rapid detection of outages.
!
! The local BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN) (YOUR_BGP_ASN) is configured
! as part of your Customer Gateway. If the ASN must be changed, the
! Customer Gateway and VPN Connection will need to be recreated with AWS.
!
neighbor 169.254.255.5 timers 10 30 30
address-family ipv4 unicast
neighbor 169.254.255.5 timers 10 30 30
neighbor 169.254.255.5 default-originate
! To advertise additional prefixes to Amazon VPC, copy the 'network'
statement
! and identify the prefix you wish to advertise. Make sure the prefix is
present
! in the routing table of the device with a valid next-hop.
network 0.0.0.0
exit
exit


52
AMIs.




Note
connection.
If your tunnels don't test successfully, see Troubleshooting Cisco IOS Customer Gateway
53
Example: Cisco IOS Device without

Border Gateway Protocol
Topics
integration team if your customer gateway is a Cisco Integrated Services router running Cisco IOS
software.
use the real configuration information that you receive from your integration team, and apply it to your
customer gateway.

54

The diagram in this section illustrates an example Cisco IOS customer gateway (without BGP).
Following the diagram, there is a corresponding example of the configuration information that your
integration team should provide. The example configuration contains a set of information for each of
the tunnels that you must configure.
In addition, the example configuration refers to this item that you must provide:

works. For example, we provide example values for the VPN connection ID (vpn-1a2b3c4d), virtual
private gateway ID (vgw-12345678), the IP addresses (205.251.233.*, 169.254.255.*). You'll replace
these example values with the actual values from the configuration information that you receive.
Configure the outside interface.

Configure the tunnel interface IDs (referred to as Tunnel1 and Tunnel2 in the example
configuration).
55
Ensure that the SLA monitoring number is unique.
network.
Warning
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #1
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
static address.
translation (NAT).
56
disabling NAT-T.
!
!
encryption aes 128
group 2
lifetime 28800
hash sha
exit
! tunnel endpoints.
!
crypto keyring keyring-vpn-1a2b3c4d-0
local-address CUSTOMER_IP
pre-shared-key address 205.251.233.121 key PASSWORD
exit

! endpoint.
!
crypto isakmp profile isakmp-vpn-1a2b3c4d-0
keyring keyring-vpn-1a2b3c4d-0
exit

!
! mode parameters.
!
24.
!
crypto ipsec transform-set ipsec-prop-vpn-1a2b3c4d-0 esp-aes 128 esp-sha-
hmac
mode tunnel
exit
! The IPSec profile references the IPSec transform set and further defines
!
crypto ipsec profile ipsec-vpn-1a2b3c4d-0
set pfs group2
set transform-set ipsec-prop-vpn-1a2b3c4d-0
exit
57
! associations.
!
!

!

!
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!
! Association with the IPSec security association is done through the
!
!
interface Tunnel1
ip address 169.254.249.18 255.255.255.252
tunnel source CUSTOMER_IP
tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec-vpn-1a2b3c4d-0
no shutdown
exit
!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #4 Static Route Configuration
!
! Your Customer Gateway needs to set a static route for the prefix
corresponding to your
58
! VPC to send traffic over the tunnel interface.
! An example for a VPC with the prefix 10.0.0.0/16 is provided below:
! ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 Tunnel1 track 100
!
! SLA Monitor is used to provide a failover between the two tunnels. If the
primary tunnel fails, the redundant tunnel will automatically be used
! This sla is defined as #100, which may conflict with an existing sla using
same number.
! If so, we recommend changing the sequence number to avoid conflicts.
!
ip sla 100
icmp-echo 169.254.249.17 source-interface Tunnel1
timeout 1000
frequency 5
exit
ip sla schedule 100 life forever start-time now
track 100 ip sla 100 reachability
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #2
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
!
encryption aes 128
group 2
lifetime 28800
hash sha
exit
! tunnel endpoints.
!
crypto keyring keyring-vpn-1a2b3c4d-1
pre-shared-key address 205.251.233.122 key PASSWORD
59
exit

! endpoint.
!
crypto isakmp profile isakmp-vpn-1a2b3c4d-1
keyring keyring-vpn-1a2b3c4d-1
exit

!
! mode parameters.
24.
!
crypto ipsec transform-set ipsec-prop-vpn-1a2b3c4d-1 esp-aes 128 esp-sha-
hmac
mode tunnel
exit
! The IPSec profile references the IPSec transform set and further defines
!
crypto ipsec profile ipsec-vpn-1a2b3c4d-1
set pfs group2
set transform-set ipsec-prop-vpn-1a2b3c4d-1
exit
! associations.
!
!

!

!
60
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!
!
!
interface Tunnel2
ip address 169.254.249.22 255.255.255.252
tunnel source CUSTOMER_IP
tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec-vpn-1a2b3c4d-1
no shutdown
exit
!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! Your Customer Gateway needs to set a static route for the prefix
corresponding to your
! VPC to send traffic over the tunnel interface.
! An example for a VPC with the prefix 10.0.0.0/16 is provided below:
! ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 Tunnel2 track 200
!
! SLA Monitor is used to provide a failover between the two tunnels. If the
primary tunnel fails, the redundant tunnel will automatically be used
! This sla is defined as #200, which may conflict with an existing sla using
same number.
! If so, we recommend changing the sequence number to avoid conflicts.
!
ip sla 200
icmp-echo 169.254.249.21 source-interface Tunnel2
timeout 1000
frequency 5
exit
ip sla schedule 200 life forever start-time now
track 200 ip sla 200 reachability
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
61

AMIs.




Note
connection.
62
If your tunnels don't test successfully, see Troubleshooting Cisco IOS Customer Gateway without
Border Gateway Protocol Connectivity (p. 170).
63
Example: Dell SonicWALL Device
This topic provides an example of how to configure your router if your customer gateway is a Dell
SonicWALL router.
This section assumes that a VPN connection with static routing has been configured in the Amazon
VPC console. For more information, see Adding a Hardware Virtual Private Gateway to Your VPC in
the Amazon VPC User Guide.
Topics
Example Configuration File (p. 65)
Configuring the SonicWALL Device Using the Management Interface (p. 69)

connection consists of two separate tunnels: Tunnel 1 and Tunnel 2. Using redundant tunnels ensures
continuous availability in the case that a device fails.
64
Example Configuration File

The configuration file that you download from the Amazon VPC console includes the values that you
need in order to use the command line tools on OS 6.2 to configure each tunnel and the IKE and IPsec
settings for your SonicWALL device.
Important
The following configuration information uses example values you must use the actual
values and not the example values shown here, or your implementation will fail.

!
! VPN Connection Configuration
!
================================================================================
! a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned a VPN Connection
Identifier
! Customer Gateway Identifier and the Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
!
! Your Customer Gateway ID : cgw-ff628496
!
!
! This configuration was tested on a SonicWALL TZ 600 running OS 6.2.5.1-26n
65
!
setup:
! <vpc_subnet> - VPC address range
!
! IPSec Tunnel !1
!
================================================================================

!
! You can modify these sample configuration files to use AES128, SHA1,
AES256, SHA256, or other DH groups like 2, 14-18, 22, 23, and 24.
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
config
address-object ipv4 AWSVPC network 172.30.0.0/16
vpn policy tunnel-interface vpn-44a8938f-1
gateway primary 72.21.209.193
bound-to interface X1
auth-method shared-secret
shared-secret PRE-SHARED-KEY-IN-PLAIN-TEXT
ike-id local ip your_customer_gateway_IP_address
ike-id peer ip 72.21.209.193
end
!

!
! The IPSec (Phase 2) proposal defines the protocol, authentication,
! encryption, and lifetime parameters for our IPSec security association.
24.
!
config
proposal ipsec lifetime 3600
proposal ipsec authentication sha1
proposal ipsec encryption aes128
proposal ipsec perfect-forward-secrecy dh-group 2
proposal ipsec protocol ESP
keep-alive
enable
commit
end
!
!
66
! You can use other supported IPSec parameters for encryption such as AES256,
and other DH groups such as 1,2, 5, 14-18, 22, 23, and 24.
! IPSec Dead Peer Detection (DPD) will be enabled on the AWS Endpoint. We
! recommend configuring DPD on your endpoint as follows:
- DPD Interval : 120
- DPD Retries : 3
! To configure Dead Peer Detection for the SonicWall device, use the SonicOS
management interface.
!

!
! The tunnel interface is configured with the internal IP address.
!
! To establish connectivity between your internal network and the VPC, you
! must have an interface facing your internal network in the "Trust" zone.
!
config
tunnel-interface vpn T1
ip-assignment VPN static
ip 169.254.44.242 netmask 255.255.255.252
!
!
! #4: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Configuration:

!
Gateway
! !
! The local BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN) (65000)
! is configured as part of your Customer Gateway. If the ASN must
! be changed, the Customer Gateway and VPN Connection will need to be
recreated with AWS.
!
routing
bgp
configure terminal
network <Local_subnet>/24
neighbor 169.254.44.242 timers 10 30
end
exit
commit
end
!
! IPSec Tunnel #2
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
67

!
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
config
ike-id peer ip 72.21.209.225
end
!

!
24.
!
config
keep-alive
enable
commit
end
!
!
- DPD Interval : 120
- DPD Retries : 3
!
68
Configuring the SonicWALL Device
Using the Management Interface

!
!
!
config
ip 169.254.44.114 netmask 255.255.255.252
!
! #4: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Configuration:

!
Gateway
!
! The local BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN) (65000)
recreated with AWS.
!
routing
bgp
configure terminal
network <Local_subnet>/24
neighbor 169.254.44.114 timers 10 30
end
exit
commit
end
Configuring the SonicWALL Device Using the

Management Interface
You can also configure the SonicWALL device using the SonicOS management interface. For more
information, see Configuring the SonicWALL Device Using the Management Interface (p. 77).
You cannot configure BGP for the device using the management interface. Instead, use the command
line instructions provided in the example configuration file above, under the section named BGP.
69


AMIs.




Note
70
connection.
If your tunnels don't test successfully, see Troubleshooting Generic Device Customer Gateway
Connectivity Using Border Gateway Protocol (p. 183).
71
Example: Dell SonicWALL SonicOS

Device Without Border Gateway
Protocol
This topic provides an example of how to configure your router if your customer gateway is a Dell
SonicWALL router running SonicOS 5.9 or 6.2.
This section assumes that a VPN connection with static routing has been configured in the Amazon
VPC console. For more information, see Adding a Hardware Virtual Private Gateway to Your VPC in
the Amazon VPC User Guide.
Topics
Example Configuration File (p. 73)
Configuring the SonicWALL Device Using the Management Interface (p. 77)

72

The configuration file that you download from the Amazon VPC console includes the values that you
need in order to use the command line tools on OS 6.2 to configure each tunnel and the IKE and IPsec
settings for your SonicWALL device.
Important
The following configuration information uses example values you must use the actual
values and not the example values shown here, or your implementation will fail.

!
! VPN Connection Configuration
!
================================================================================
! a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned a VPN Connection
Identifier
! Customer Gateway Identifier and the Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
!
73
! Your Customer Gateway ID : cgw-ff628496

!
!
! This configuration was tested on a SonicWALL TZ 600 running OS 6.2.5.1-26n
!
setup:
! <vpc_subnet> - VPC IP address range
!
================================================================================

!
! These sample configurations are for the minimum requirement of AES128,
SHA1, and DH Group 2.
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
config
ike-id peer ip 72.21.209.193
end

!
24.
!
config
keep-alive
enable
74
commit
end
!
! - DPD Interval : 120
! - DPD Retries : 3
!

!
!
!
!
config
ip 169.254.255.6 netmask 255.255.255.252
exit
!
!
!
! Create a firewall policy permitting traffic from your local subnet to the
VPC subnet and vice versa
! This example policy permits all traffic from the local subnet to the VPC
through the tunnel interface.
!
!
policy interface T1 metric 1 source any destination name AWSVPC service any
gateway 169.254.255.5
!
IPSec Tunnel !2
================================================================================

!
! These sample configurations are for the minimum requirement of AES128,
SHA1, and DH Group 2.
static address.
translation (NAT).
75
disabling NAT-T.
!
config
ike-id peer ip 72.21.209.225
end
!

!
24.
!
config
keep-alive
enable
commit
end
!
!
! - DPD Interval : 120
! - DPD Retries : 3
!

!
!
!
!
config
76
Configuring the SonicWALL Device
Using the Management Interface
ip 169.254.255.2 netmask 255.255.255.252
!
!
through the tunnel interface.
!
!
policy interface T2 metric 1 source any destination name AWSVPC service any
gateway 169.254.255.1
Configuring the SonicWALL Device Using the

Management Interface
The following procedure demonstrates how to configure the VPN tunnels on the SonicWALL device
using the SonicOS management interface. You must replace the example values in the procedures
with the values that are provided in the configuration file.
To configure the tunnels
1. Open the SonicWALL SonicOS management interface.

2. In the left pane, choose VPN, Settings. Under VPN Policies, choose Add....
3. In the VPN policy window on the General tab, complete the following information:
Policy Type: Choose Site to Site.

Authentication Method: Choose IKE using Preshared Secret.
Name: Enter a name for the VPN policy. We recommend that you use the name of the VPN ID,
as provided in the configuration file.
IPsec Primary Gateway Name or Address: Enter the IP address of the virtual private gateway
(AWS endpoint) as provided in the configuration file; for example, 72.21.209.193.
IPsec Secondary Gateway Name or Address: Leave the default value.
Shared Secret: Enter the pre-shared key as provided in the configuration file, and enter it again
in Confirm Shared Secret.
Local IKE ID: Enter the IPv4 address of the customer gateway (the SonicWALL device).
Peer IKE ID: Enter the IPv4 address of the virtual private gateway (AWS endpoint).
4. On the Network tab, complete the following information:
Under Local Networks, choose Any address. We recommend this option to prevent
connectivity issues from your local network.
Under Remote Networks, choose Choose a destination network from list. Create an
address object with the CIDR of your VPC in AWS.
5. On the Proposals tab, complete the following information.
Under IKE (Phase 1) Proposal, do the following:

Exchange: Choose Main Mode.
DH Group: Enter a value for the Diffie-Hellman group; for example, 2.
Encryption: Choose AES-128 or AES-256.
77
Authentication: Choose SHA1 or SHA256.

Life Time: Enter 28800.
Under IKE (Phase 2) Proposal, do the following:
Protocol: Choose ESP.
Encryption: Choose AES-128 or AES-256.
Authentication: Choose SHA1 or SHA256.
Select the Enable Perfect Forward Secrecy check box, and choose the Diffie-Hellman
group.
Life Time: Enter 3600.
Important
If you created your virtual private gateway before October 2015, you must specify Diffie-
Hellman group 2, AES-128, and SHA1 for both phases.
6. On the Advanced tab, complete the following information:
Select Enable Keep Alive.

Select Enable Phase2 Dead Peer Detection and enter the following:
For Dead Peer Detection Interval, enter 120 (this is the minimum that the SonicWALL
device accepts).
For Failure Trigger Level, enter 2.
For VPN Policy bound to, select Interface X1. This is the interface that's typically designated
for public IP addresses.
7. Choose OK. On the Settings page, the Enable check box for the tunnel should be selected by
default. A green dot indicates that the tunnel is up.

You must first test the gateway configuration for each tunnel.
On your customer gateway, verify that you have added a static route to the VPC CIDR IP space to
use the tunnel interface.
Next, you must test the connectivity for each tunnel by launching an instance into your VPC and
AMIs.
Ensure that you have configured routing for your VPN connection; your subnet's route table must
1. Launch an instance of one of the Amazon Linux AMIs into your VPC. The Amazon Linux AMIs
are available in the Quick Start menu when you use the Launch Instances wizard in the AWS
Management Console. For more information, see the Amazon VPC Getting Started Guide.
78
should be similar to the following:




Note
If you ping an instance from your customer gateway router, ensure that you are sourcing ping
messages from an internal IP address, not a tunnel IP address. Some AMIs don't respond to
ping messages from tunnel IP addresses.
79
Example: Fortinet Fortigate Device
Topics
The following topic provides example configuration information provided by your integration team if
your customer gateway is a Fortinet Fortigate 40+ device.
Two diagrams illustrate the example configuration. The first diagram shows the high-level layout of
the customer gateway, and the second diagram shows the details of the example configuration. You
should use the real configuration information that you receive from your integration team and apply it to
your customer gateway.
80


The diagram in this section illustrates an example Fortinet customer gateway. Following the diagram,
there is a corresponding example of the configuration information your integration team should
provide. The example configuration contains a set of information for each of the tunnels that you must
configure.

customer gateway (which must be static, and may be behind a device performing network address
translation (NAT).
81
Warning


!
82
!
!
!
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #1
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

!
!
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
! Configuration begins in root VDOM.
config vpn ipsec phase1-interface
edit vpn-44a8938f-0 ! Name must be shorter than 15 chars, best if shorter
than 12
set interface "wan1"
! The IPSec Dead Peer Detection causes periodic messages to be

! sent to ensure a Security Association remains operational
set dpd enable

set local-gw YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
set dhgrp 2
set proposal aes128-sha1
set keylife 28800
set remote-gw 72.21.209.193
set psksecret plain-text-password1
set dpd-retryinterval 10
next
end

!
83
! mode parameters.
!
encryption like AES256 and other DH groups like 1, 2, 5, 14-18, 22, 23, and
24.

edit "vpn-44a8938f-0"
set phase1name "vpn-44a8938f-0"
set dhgrp 2
set keylifeseconds 3600
next
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!
!
!
config system interface

set vdom "root"
set ip 169.254.255.2 255.255.255.255
set allowaccess ping
set type tunnel
!
set tcp-mss 1387
set remote-ip 169.254.255.1
set mtu 1427
next
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84
!

Gateway
!
!
!
! The local BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN) (YOUR_BGP_ASN)
recreated with AWS.
!
config router bgp

set as YOUR_BGP_ASN
config neighbor
edit 169.254.255.1
set remote-as 7224
end
! Your Customer Gateway may announce a default route (0.0.0.0/0) to us.

! This is done using prefix list and route-map in Fortigate.
config router bgp

config neighbor
edit 169.254.255.1
set capability-default-originate enable
end
end
config router prefix-list

edit "default_route"
config rule
edit 1
set prefix 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
next
end
set router-id YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
end
config router route-map

edit "routemap1"
config rule
edit 1
set match-ip-address "default_route"
next
end
next
end
! To advertise additional prefixes to Amazon VPC, add these prefixes to the

'network'
85
! statement and identify the prefix you wish to advertise. Make sure the
prefix is present
! in the routing table of the device with a valid next-hop. If you want to
advertise
! 192.168.0.0/16 to Amazon, this can be done using the following:
config router bgp

config network
edit 1
set prefix 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
next
end
end
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #5 Firewall Policy Configuration
!
!
! First, find the policies that exist
show firewall policy
! Next, create a new firewall policy starting with the next available policy
ID. If policies 1, 2, 3, and 4 were shown, then in this example the policy
created starts 5
config firewall policy

edit 5
set srcintf "vpn-44a8938f-0"
set dstintf internal
set srcaddr all
set dstaddr all
set action accept
set schedule always
set service ANY
next
end

edit 5
set srcintf internal
set dstintf "vpn-44a8938f-0"
set srcaddr all
set dstaddr all
set action accept
set schedule always
set service ANY
next
end
86
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #2
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
! Configuration begins in root VDOM.
edit vpn-44a8938f-1 ! Name must be shorter than 15 chars, best if shorter
than 12
! The IPSec Dead Peer Detection causes periodic messages to be

! sent to ensure a Security Association remains operational
set dpd enable

set local-gw YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
set dhgrp 2
set keylife 28800
set remote-gw 72.21.209.225
set psksecret plain-text-password2
set dpd-retryinterval 10
next
end

!
! mode parameters.
!
encryption like AES256 and other DH groups like 1, 2, 5, 14-18, 22, 23, and
24.

set phase1name "vpn-44a8938f-1"
87
set dhgrp 2
set keylifeseconds 3600
next
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!
!
!
config system interface

set vdom "root"
set ip 169.254.255.6 255.255.255.255
set allowaccess ping
set type tunnel
!
set tcp-mss 1387
set remote-ip 169.254.255.5
set mtu 1427
next
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

Gateway
!
!
!
88
recreated with AWS.
!
config router bgp

set as YOUR_BGP_ASN
config neighbor
edit 169.254.255.5
set remote-as 7224
end

! This is done using prefix list and route-map in Fortigate.
config router bgp

config neighbor
edit 169.254.255.5
set capability-default-originate enable
end
end
config router prefix-list

edit "default_route"
config rule
edit 1
set prefix 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
next
end
end
config router route-map

edit "routemap1"
config rule
edit 1
set match-ip-address "default_route"
next
end
next
end

'network'
prefix is present
advertise
! 192.168.0.0/16 to Amazon, this can be done using the following:
config router bgp

config network
edit 1
set prefix 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
89
next
end
end
!
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! #5 Firewall Policy Configuration
!
!
! First, find the policies that exist
show firewall policy
! Next, create a new firewall policy starting with the next available policy
ID. If policies 1, 2, 3, and 4 were shown, then in this example the policy
created starts 5

edit 5
set srcintf "vpn-44a8938f-1"
set dstintf internal
set srcaddr all
set dstaddr all
set action accept
set schedule always
set service ANY
next
end

edit 5
set srcintf internal
set dstintf "vpn-44a8938f-1"
set srcaddr all
set dstaddr all
set action accept
set schedule always
set service ANY
next
end
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

90

AMIs.




Note
connection.
91
Example: Juniper J-Series JunOS

Device
Topics
integration team if your customer gateway is a Juniper J-Series router running JunOS 9.5 (or later)
software.
customer gateway.
92

93

The diagram in this section illustrates an example Juniper JunOS customer gateway. Following the
diagram, there is a corresponding example of the configuration information your integration team
must configure.

Configure the outside interface (referred to as ge-0/0/0.0 in the example configuration).

Configure the tunnel interface IDs (referred to as st0.1 and st0.2 in the example configuration).
network.
Identify the security zone for the uplink interface (the following configuration information uses the
default "untrust" zone).
Identify the security zone for the inside interface (the following configuration information uses the
default "trust" zone).
94
Warning
# Amazon Web Services

# Virtual Private Cloud
#
# AWS utilizes unique identifiers to manipulate the configuration of
# a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned a VPN Connection
# Identifier and is associated with two other identifiers, namely the
# Customer Gateway Identifier and the Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
#
# Your VPN Connection ID : vpn-44a8938f
# Your Virtual Private Gateway ID : vgw-8db04f81
# Your Customer Gateway ID : cgw-b4dc3961
#
# This configuration consists of two tunnels. Both tunnels must be
# configured on your Customer Gateway.
#
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IPsec Tunnel #1
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# #1: Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Configuration

#
# A proposal is established for the supported IKE encryption,
# authentication, Diffie-Hellman, and lifetime parameters.
#
95
# Please note, these sample configurations are for the minimum requirement of
# You will need to modify these sample configuration files to take advantage
# The address of the external interface for your customer gateway must be a
static address.
# To ensure that NAT traversal (NAT-T) can function, you must adjust your
disabling NAT-T.
#
set security ike proposal ike-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 authentication-method pre-
shared-keys
set security ike proposal ike-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 authentication-algorithm
sha1
set security ike proposal ike-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 encryption-algorithm
aes-128-cbc
set security ike proposal ike-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 lifetime-seconds 28800
set security ike proposal ike-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 dh-group group2
# An IKE policy is established to associate a Pre Shared Key with the

# defined proposal.
#
set security ike policy ike-pol-vpn-44a8938f-1 mode main
set security ike policy ike-pol-vpn-44a8938f-1 proposals ike-prop-
vpn-44a8938f-0
set security ike policy ike-pol-vpn-44a8938f-1 pre-shared-key ascii-
text plain-text-password1
# The IKE gateway is defined to be the Virtual Private Gateway. The gateway
# configuration associates a local interface, remote IP address, and
# IKE policy.
#
# This example shows the outside of the tunnel as interface ge-0/0/0.0.
# This should be set to the interface that IP address YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS is
# associated with.
# This address is configured with the setup for your Customer Gateway.
#
# If the address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN Connection must
# be recreated.
set security ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-1 ike-policy ike-pol-vpn-44a8938f-0
set security ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-1 external-interface ge-0/0/0.0
set security ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-1 address 72.21.209.225
# Troubleshooting IKE connectivity can be aided by enabling IKE tracing.

# The configuration below will cause the router to log IKE messages to
# the 'kmd' log. Run 'show messages kmd' to retrieve these logs.
# set security ike traceoptions file kmd
# set security ike traceoptions file size 1024768
# set security ike traceoptions file files 10
# set security ike traceoptions flag all
# #2: IPsec Configuration

#
# The IPsec proposal defines the protocol, authentication, encryption, and
# lifetime parameters for our IPsec security association.
96
# Please note, you may use these additionally supported IPSec parameters for
24.
#
set security ipsec proposal ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 protocol esp
set security ipsec proposal ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 authentication-
algorithm hmac-sha1-96
set security ipsec proposal ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 encryption-algorithm
aes-128-cbc
set security ipsec proposal ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 lifetime-seconds 3600
# The IPsec policy incorporates the Diffie-Hellman group and the IPsec
# proposal.
#
set security ipsec policy ipsec-pol-vpn-44a8938f-1 perfect-forward-secrecy
keys group2
set security ipsec policy ipsec-pol-vpn-44a8938f-1 proposals ipsec-prop-
vpn-44a8938f-0
# A security association is defined here. The IPsec Policy and IKE gateways
# are associated with a tunnel interface (st0.1).
# The tunnel interface ID is assumed; if other tunnels are defined on
# your router, you will need to specify a unique interface name
# (for example, st0.10).
#
set security ipsec vpn vpn-44a8938f-1 bind-interface st0.1
set security ipsec vpn vpn-44a8938f-1 ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-0
set security ipsec vpn vpn-44a8938f-1 ike ipsec-policy ipsec-pol-
vpn-44a8938f-0
set security ipsec vpn vpn-44a8938f-1 df-bit clear
# This option enables IPsec Dead Peer Detection, which causes periodic
# messages to be sent to ensure a Security Association remains operational.
#
set security ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-1 dead-peer-detection
# #3: Tunnel Interface Configuration

#
# The tunnel interface is configured with the internal IP address.

#
set interfaces st0.1 family inet address 169.254.255.2/30
set interfaces st0.1 family inet mtu 1436
set security zones security-zone trust interfaces st0.1
# The security zone protecting external interfaces of the router must be

# configured to allow IKE traffic inbound.
#
set security zones security-zone untrust host-inbound-traffic system-services
ike
# The security zone protecting internal interfaces (including the logical

# tunnel interfaces) must be configured to allow BGP traffic inbound.
#
set security zones security-zone trust host-inbound-traffic protocols bgp
97
# This option causes the router to reduce the Maximum Segment Size of
# TCP packets to prevent packet fragmentation.
#
set security flow tcp-mss ipsec-vpn mss 1387
# #4: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Configuration

#
# BGP is used within the tunnel to exchange prefixes between the

# Virtual Private Gateway and your Customer Gateway. The Virtual Private
Gateway
# will announce the prefix corresponding to your VPC.
#
# Your Customer Gateway may announce a default route (0.0.0.0/0),
# which can be done with the EXPORT-DEFAULT policy.
#
# To advertise additional prefixes to Amazon VPC, add additional prefixes to
the "default" term
# EXPORT-DEFAULT policy. Make sure the prefix is present in the routing table
of the device with
# a valid next-hop.
#
# The BGP timers are adjusted to provide more rapid detection of outages.
#
# The local BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN) (YOUR_BGP_ASN) is configured
# as part of your Customer Gateway. If the ASN must be changed, the
# Customer Gateway and VPN Connection will need to be recreated with AWS.
#
# We establish a basic route policy to export a default route to the
# Virtual Private Gateway.
#
set policy-options policy-statement EXPORT-DEFAULT term default from route-
filter 0.0.0.0/0 exact
set policy-options policy-statement EXPORT-DEFAULT term default then accept
set policy-options policy-statement EXPORT-DEFAULT term reject then reject
set protocols bgp group ebgp type external
set protocols bgp group ebgp neighbor 169.254.255.1 export EXPORT-DEFAULT

set protocols bgp group ebgp neighbor 169.254.255.1 peer-as 7224
set protocols bgp group ebgp neighbor 169.254.255.1 hold-time 30
set protocols bgp group ebgp neighbor 169.254.255.1 local-as YOUR_BGP_ASN
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IPsec Tunnel #2
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
98
static address.
disabling NAT-T.
#
shared-keys
sha1
aes-128-cbc

# defined proposal.
#
vpn-44a8938f-2
# IKE policy.
#
# associated with.
#
# If the address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN Connection must be
recreated.
#


#
99
24.
#
aes-128-cbc
# proposal.
#
keys group2
vpn-44a8938f-2
#
vpn-44a8938f-2
#

#

#

#
ike

#
100
#

#

Gateway
#
#
the "default" term
of the device with
# a valid next-hop.
#
#
#
#


101

AMIs.




Note
connection.
102
If your tunnels don't test successfully, see Troubleshooting Juniper JunOS Customer Gateway
103
Example: Juniper SRX JunOS

Device
Topics
integration team if your customer gateway is a Juniper SRX router running JunOS 11.0 (or later)
software.
customer gateway.
104

105

The diagram in this section illustrates an example Juniper JunOS 11.0+ customer gateway. Following
the diagram, there is a corresponding example of the configuration information your integration team
must configure.

Configure the outside interface (referred to as ge-0/0/0.0 in the example configuration).

Configure the tunnel interface IDs (referred to as st0.1 and st0.2 in the example configuration).
network.
Identify the security zone for the uplink interface (the following configuration information uses the
default "untrust" zone).
Identify the security zone for the inside interface (the following configuration information uses the
default "trust" zone).
106
Warning

#
# AWS utilizes unique identifiers to manipulate the configuration of
# a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned a VPN Connection
# Identifier and is associated with two other identifiers, namely the
# Customer Gateway Identifier and the Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
#
#
#
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IPsec Tunnel #1
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
#
107
static address.
disabling NAT-T.
#
shared-keys
sha1
aes-128-cbc

# defined proposal.
#
vpn-44a8938f-1
# IKE policy.
#
# associated with.
#
# If the address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN Connection must
# be recreated.
set security ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-1 no-nat-traversal


#
108
24.
#
aes-128-cbc
# proposal.
#
keys group2
vpn-44a8938f-1
#
vpn-44a8938f-1
#

#

#

#
ike

#
109
#

#

Gateway
#
#
the "default" term
of the device with
# a valid next-hop.
#
#
#
#

# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IPsec Tunnel #2
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
110
static address.
disabling NAT-T.
#
shared-keys
sha1
aes-128-cbc

# defined proposal.
#
vpn-44a8938f-2
# IKE policy.
#
# associated with.
#
# If the address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN Connection must be
recreated.
#
set security ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-2 no-nat-traversal


#
111
24.
#
aes-128-cbc
# proposal.
#
keys group2
vpn-44a8938f-2
#
vpn-44a8938f-2
#

#

#

#
ike

#
112
#

#

Gateway
#
#
the "default" term
of the device with
# a valid next-hop.
#
#
#
#


113

AMIs.




Note
connection.
114
If your tunnels don't test successfully, see Troubleshooting Juniper JunOS Customer Gateway
115
Example: Juniper ScreenOS Device
Topics
integration team if your customer gateway is a Juniper SSG or Netscreen series device running Juniper
ScreenOS software.
customer gateway.
116

117

The diagram in this section illustrates an example Juniper ScreenOS customer gateway. Following
should provide. The example configuration contains information for each of the tunnels that you must
configure.

Configure the outside interface (referred to as ethernet0/0 in the example configuration).

Configure the tunnel interface IDs (referred to as tunnel.1 and tunnel.2 in the example
configuration).
network.
118
Warning
team to provide. Many of the values in the following example will be different from the
Important
The configuration below is appropriate for ScreenOS versions 6.2 and later. You can
download a configuration that is specific to ScreenOS version 6.1. In the Download
Configuration dialog box, select Juniper Networks, Inc. from the Vendor list, SSG and
ISG Series Routers from the Platform list, and ScreenOS 6.1 from the Software list.

#
# AWS utilizes unique identifiers to manipulate the configuration of a VPN
# Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned a VPN Connection Identifier
# and is associated with two other identifiers, namely the Customer Gateway
# Identifier and the Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
#
#
# This configuration consists of two tunnels. Both tunnels must be configured
# on your Customer Gateway.
#
# This configuration was tested on a Juniper SSG-5 running ScreenOS 6.3R2.
#
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IPsec Tunnel #1
119
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
# A proposal is established for the supported IKE encryption, authentication,
# Diffie-Hellman, and lifetime parameters.
#
static address.
# Your customer gateway may reside behind a device performing network address
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
#
set ike p1-proposal ike-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 preshare group2 esp aes128 sha-1
second 28800
configuration
# associates a local interface, remote IP address, and IKE policy.
#
# This example shows the outside of the tunnel as interface ethernet0/0. This
# should be set to the interface that IP address YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS is
# associated with.
#
#If the address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN Connection must be
recreated.
#
set ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-1 address 72.21.209.225 id 72.21.209.225 main

outgoing-interface ethernet0/0 preshare "plain-text-password1" proposal ike-
prop-vpn-44a8938f-1
# Troubleshooting IKE connectivity can be aided by enabling IKE debugging.

# To do so, run the following commands:
# clear dbuf -- Clear debug buffer
# debug ike all -- Enable IKE debugging
# get dbuf stream -- View debug messages
# undebug all -- Turn off debugging

#
# The IPsec (Phase 2) proposal defines the protocol, authentication,
# encryption, and lifetime parameters for our IPsec security association.
120
24.
#
set ike p2-proposal ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1 group2 esp aes128 sha-1 second

3600
set ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-1 dpd-liveness interval 10
set vpn IPSEC-vpn-44a8938f-1 gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-1 replay tunnel proposal
ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-1

#
#
# To establish connectivity between your internal network and the VPC, you
# must have an interface facing your internal network in the "Trust" zone.
#
set interface tunnel.1 zone Trust

set interface tunnel.1 ip 169.254.255.2/30
set interface tunnel.1 mtu 1436
set vpn IPSEC-vpn-44a8938f-1 bind interface tunnel.1
# By default, the router will block asymmetric VPN traffic, which may occur
# with this VPN Connection. This occurs, for example, when routing policies
# cause traffic to sent from your router to VPC through one IPsec tunnel
# while traffic returns from VPC through the other.
#
# This command allows this traffic to be received by your device.
set zone Trust asymmetric-vpn
# This option causes the router to reduce the Maximum Segment Size of TCP
# packets to prevent packet fragmentation.
#
set flow vpn-tcp-mss 1387

#
# BGP is used within the tunnel to exchange prefixes between the Virtual
Private Gateway
# and your Customer Gateway. The Virtual Private Gateway will announce the
prefix
# corresponding to your VPC.
#
# Your Customer Gateway may announce a default route (0.0.0.0/0).
#
#
121
#
set vrouter trust-vr

set max-ecmp-routes 2
set protocol bgp YOUR_BGP_ASN
set hold-time 30
set network 0.0.0.0/0
# To advertise additional prefixes to Amazon VPC, copy the 'network'
statement and
# identify the prefix you wish to advertise (set ipv4 network X.X.X.X/X).
Make sure the
# prefix is present in the routing table of the device with a valid next-
hop.
set enable
set neighbor 169.254.255.1 remote-as 7224
set neighbor 169.254.255.1 enable
exit
exit
set interface tunnel.1 protocol bgp
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IPsec Tunnel #2
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
# A proposal is established for the supported IKE encryption, authentication,
# Diffie-Hellman, and lifetime parameters.
static address.
translation (NAT).
firewall !rules to unblock UDP port 4500. If not behind NAT, we recommend
disabling NAT-T.
#
set ike p1-proposal ike-prop-vpn-44a8938f-2 preshare group2 esp aes128 sha-1

second 28800
configuration
# associates a local interface, remote IP address, and IKE policy.
#
# This example shows the outside of the tunnel as interface ethernet0/0. This
# should be set to the interface that IP address YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS is
# associated with.
#
# This address is configured with the setup for your Customer Gateway. If the
122
# address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN Connection must be recreated.
#
set ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-2 address 72.21.209.193 id 72.21.209.193 main
outgoing-interface ethernet0/0 preshare "plain-text-password2" proposal ike-
prop-vpn-44a8938f-2
# Troubleshooting IKE connectivity can be aided by enabling IKE debugging.

# To do so, run the following commands:
# clear dbuf -- Clear debug buffer
# debug ike all -- Enable IKE debugging
# get dbuf stream -- View debug messages
# undebug all -- Turn off debugging

#
# The IPsec (Phase 2) proposal defines the protocol, authentication,
# encryption, and lifetime parameters for our IPsec security association.
24.
#
set ike p2-proposal ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-2 group2 esp aes128 sha-1 second

3600
set ike gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-2 dpd-liveness interval 10
set vpn IPSEC-vpn-44a8938f-2 gateway gw-vpn-44a8938f-2 replay tunnel proposal
ipsec-prop-vpn-44a8938f-2

#
#
# To establish connectivity between your internal network and the VPC, you
# must have an interface facing your internal network in the "Trust" zone.
set interface tunnel.2 zone Trust

set interface tunnel.2 ip 169.254.255.6/30
set interface tunnel.2 mtu 1436
set vpn IPSEC-vpn-44a8938f-2 bind interface tunnel.2
# By default, the router will block asymmetric VPN traffic, which may occur
# with this VPN Connection. This occurs, for example, when routing policies
# cause traffic to sent from your router to VPC through one IPsec tunnel
# while traffic returns from VPC through the other.
#
# This command allows this traffic to be received by your device.
set zone Trust asymmetric-vpn
# This option causes the router to reduce the Maximum Segment Size of TCP
# packets to prevent packet fragmentation.
set flow vpn-tcp-mss 1387
123

#
# BGP is used within the tunnel to exchange prefixes between the Virtual
Private Gateway
# and your Customer Gateway. The Virtual Private Gateway will announce the
prefix
# corresponding to your VPC.
#
# Your Customer Gateway may announce a default route (0.0.0.0/0).
#
#
#
set vrouter trust-vr

set max-ecmp-routes 2
set protocol bgp YOUR_BGP_ASN
set hold-time 30
set network 0.0.0.0/0
statement and
# identify the prefix you wish to advertise (set ipv4 network X.X.X.X/X).
Make sure the
# prefix is present in the routing table of the device with a valid next-
hop.
set enable
set neighbor 169.254.255.5 remote-as 7224
set neighbor 169.254.255.5 enable
exit
exit
set interface tunnel.2 protocol bgp


124
AMIs.




Note
connection.
If your tunnels don't test successfully, see Troubleshooting Juniper ScreenOS Customer Gateway
125
Example: Palo Alto Networks

Device
Topics
The following topic provides example configuration information provided by your integration team if
your customer gateway is a Palo Alto Networks PANOS 4.1.2+ device.
126


The diagram in this section illustrates an example Palo Alto customer gateway. Following the diagram,
configure.

customer gateway (which must be static, and may be behind a device performing network address
translation (NAT); however, NAT traversal (NAT-T) is not supported).
127
Warning


!
128
!
!
!
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #1
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

!
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
configure
edit network ike crypto-profiles ike-crypto-profiles ike-crypto-
vpn-44a8938f-0
set dh-group group2
set hash sha1
set lifetime seconds 28800
set encryption aes128
top
edit network ike gateway ike-vpn-44a8938f-0

set protocol ikev1 dpd interval 10 retry 3 enable yes
set protocol ikev1 ike-crypto-profile ike-crypto-vpn-44a8938f-0 exchange-
mode main
set authentication pre-shared-key key plain-text-password1
set local-address ip YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
set local-address interface ethernet1/1
set peer-address ip 72.21.209.193
top

!
129
! mode parameters.
!
24.
edit network ike crypto-profiles ipsec-crypto-profiles ipsec-vpn-44a8938f-0

set esp authentication sha1
set esp encryption aes128
set dh-group group2 lifetime seconds 3600
top
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!
!
!
edit network interface tunnel

set ip 169.254.255.5/30
set units tunnel.1
set mtu 1427
top
edit network tunnel ipsec ipsec-tunnel-1

set auto-key ike-gateway ike-vpn-44a8938f-0
set auto-key ipsec-crypto-profile ipsec-vpn-44a8938f-0
set tunnel-interface tunnel.1
set anti-replay yes
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
130
!

Gateway
!
!
!
recreated with AWS.
!
edit network virtual-router default protocol bgp

set enable yes
set local-as YOUR_BGP_ASN
edit peer-group AmazonBGP
edit peer amazon-tunnel-44a8938f-0
set connection-options keep-alive-interval 10
set connection-options hold-time 30
set enable yes
set local-address ip 169.254.255.5/30
set local-address interface tunnel.1
set peer-as 7224
top
edit network virtual-router default protocol bgp policy

set export rules vr-export action allow
set match address-prefix 0.0.0.0/0 exact yes
set used-by AmazonBGP enable yes
top

'address-prefix'
prefix is present
advertise
! 192.168.0.0/16 to Amazon, this can be done using the following.

top
131
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! IPSec Tunnel #2
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
!
configure
edit network ike crypto-profiles ike-crypto-profiles ike-crypto-
vpn-44a8938f-1
set dh-group group2
set hash sha1
set lifetime seconds 28800
set encryption aes128
top
edit network ike gateway ike-vpn-44a8938f-1

set protocol ikev1 dpd interval 10 retry 3 enable yes
set protocol ikev1 ike-crypto-profile ike-crypto-vpn-35a6445c-1 exchange-
mode main
set authentication pre-shared-key key plain-text-password2
set local-address ip YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
set local-address interface ethernet1/1
top

!
! mode parameters.
!
132
24.
edit network ike crypto-profiles ipsec-crypto-profiles ipsec-vpn-44a8938f-1

set esp authentication sha1
set esp encryption aes128
set dh-group group2 lifetime seconds 3600
top
!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!
!
!
edit network interface tunnel

set ip 169.254.255.1/30
set units tunnel.2
set mtu 1427
top
edit network tunnel ipsec ipsec-tunnel-2

set auto-key ike-gateway ike-vpn-44a8938f-1
set auto-key ipsec-crypto-profile ipsec-vpn-44a8938f-1
set tunnel-interface tunnel.2
set anti-replay yes

!

Gateway
133

!
!
!
recreated with AWS.
!
edit network virtual-router default protocol bgp

set enable yes
set local-as YOUR_BGP_ASN
edit peer-group AmazonBGP
edit peer amazon-tunnel-44a8938f-1
set connection-options keep-alive-interval 10
set connection-options hold-time 30
set enable yes
set local-address ip 169.254.255.1/30
set local-address interface tunnel.2
set peer-as 7224
set peer-address ip 169.254.255.6.113
top

top

'address-prefix'
prefix is present
advertise
! 192.168.0.0/16 to Amazon, this can be done using the following.

top

134

AMIs.




Note
connection.
135
Example: Yamaha Device
Topics
integration team if your customer gateway is a Yamaha RT107e, RTX1200, RTX1500, RTX3000, or
SRT100 router.
136


The diagram in this section illustrates an example Yamaha customer gateway. Following the diagram,
configure.

YOUR_LOCAL_NETWORK_ADDRESSThe IP address that is assigned to the LAN interface connected
to your local network (most likely a private address such as 192.168.0.1)
137
In addition, you must also:
Configure the outside interface (referred to as LAN3 in the example configuration).

Configure the tunnel interface IDs (referred to as Tunnel #1 and Tunnel #2 in the example
configuration).
network.
Warning

# AWS utilizes unique identifiers to manage the configuration of

# a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned an identifier and is
# associated with two other identifiers, namely the
# Customer Gateway Identifier and Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
#
#
#
138
#
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IPsec Tunnel #1
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
# A policy is established for the supported ISAKMP encryption,
# authentication, Diffie-Hellman, lifetime, and key parameters.
#
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
#
tunnel select 1
ipsec ike encryption 1 aes-cbc
ipsec ike group 1 modp1024
ipsec ike hash 1 sha
# This line stores the Pre Shared Key used to authenticate the
# tunnel endpoints.
#
ipsec ike pre-shared-key 1 text plain-text-password1
# The IPsec policy defines the encryption, authentication, and IPsec

# mode parameters.
24.
#
# Note that there are a global list of IPSec policies, each identified by
# sequence number. This policy is defined as #201, which may conflict with
# an existing policy using the same number. If so, we recommend changing
# the sequence number to avoid conflicts.
#
ipsec tunnel 201
139
ipsec sa policy 201 1 esp aes-cbc sha-hmac
# The IPsec profile references the IPsec policy and further defines
# the Diffie-Hellman group and security association lifetime.
ipsec ike duration ipsec-sa 1 3600

ipsec ike pfs 1 on
# Additional parameters of the IPsec configuration are set here. Note that
# these parameters are global and therefore impact other IPsec
# associations.
# This option instructs the router to clear the "Don't Fragment"
# bit from packets that carry this bit and yet must be fragmented, enabling
# them to be fragmented.
#
ipsec tunnel outer df-bit clear
ipsec ike keepalive use 1 on dpd 10 3
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# A tunnel interface is configured to be the logical interface associated
# with the tunnel. All traffic routed to the tunnel interface will be
# encrypted and transmitted to the VPC. Similarly, traffic from the VPC
# will be logically received on this interface.
#
#
# The address of the interface is configured with the setup for your
# Customer Gateway. If the address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN
# Connection must be recreated with Amazon VPC.
#
ipsec ike local address 1 YOUR_LOCAL_NETWORK_ADDRESS
ipsec ike remote address 1 72.21.209.225
ip tunnel address 169.254.255.2/30
ip tunnel remote address 169.254.255.1
# TCP packets to prevent packet fragmentation
ip tunnel tcp mss limit 1387

tunnel enable 1
tunnel select none
ipsec auto refresh on
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
140
#

Gateway
#
# which can be done with the 'network' and 'default-originate' statements.
#
#
#
bgp use on
bgp autonomous-system YOUR_BGP_ASN
bgp neighbor 1 7224 169.254.255.1 hold-time=30 local-address=169.254.255.2

statement and
# identify the prefix you wish to advertise. Make sure the
# prefix is present in the routing table of the device with a valid next-hop.
# For example, the following two lines will advertise 192.168.0.0/16 and
10.0.0.0/16 to Amazon VPC
#
# bgp import filter 1 equal 10.0.0.0/16
#
bgp import filter 1 equal 0.0.0.0/0

bgp import 7224 static filter 1
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IPsec Tunnel #2
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
# A policy is established for the supported ISAKMP encryption,
# authentication, Diffie-Hellman, lifetime, and key parameters.
#
static address.
translation (NAT).
141
disabling NAT-T.
#
tunnel select 2
ipsec ike encryption 2 aes-cbc
ipsec ike group 2 modp1024
ipsec ike hash 2 sha
# This line stores the Pre Shared Key used to authenticate the
# tunnel endpoints.
#
ipsec ike pre-shared-key 2 text plain-text-password2
# The IPsec policy defines the encryption, authentication, and IPsec

# mode parameters.
24.
#
# Note that there are a global list of IPsec policies, each identified by
# sequence number. This policy is defined as #202, which may conflict with
# an existing policy using the same number. If so, we recommend changing
# the sequence number to avoid conflicts.
#
ipsec tunnel 202

ipsec sa policy 202 2 esp aes-cbc sha-hmac
# The IPsec profile references the IPsec policy and further defines
# the Diffie-Hellman group and security association lifetime.
ipsec ike duration ipsec-sa 2 3600

ipsec ike pfs 2 on
# Additional parameters of the IPsec configuration are set here. Note that
# these parameters are global and therefore impact other IPsec
# associations.
# This option instructs the router to clear the "Don't Fragment"
# bit from packets that carry this bit and yet must be fragmented, enabling
# them to be fragmented.
#
ipsec tunnel outer df-bit clear
ipsec ike keepalive use 2 on dpd 10 3
142
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# A tunnel interface is configured to be the logical interface associated
# with the tunnel. All traffic routed to the tunnel interface will be
# encrypted and transmitted to the VPC. Similarly, traffic from the VPC
# will be logically received on this interface.
#
# Association with the IPsec security association is done through the
# "tunnel protection" command.
#
# The address of the interface is configured with the setup for your
# Customer Gateway. If the address changes, the Customer Gateway and VPN
# Connection must be recreated with Amazon VPC.
#
ipsec ike local address 2 YOUR_LOCAL_NETWORK_ADDRESS
ipsec ike remote address 2 72.21.209.193
ip tunnel address 169.254.255.6/30
ip tunnel remote address 169.254.255.5
# TCP packets to prevent packet fragmentation
ip tunnel tcp mss limit 1387

tunnel enable 2
tunnel select none
ipsec auto refresh on
#
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#

Gateway
#
# which can be done with the 'network' and 'default-originate' statements.
#
#
#
#
bgp use on
bgp autonomous-system YOUR_BGP_ASN
bgp neighbor 2 7224 169.254.255.5 hold-time=30 local-address=169.254.255.6

statement and
143
# identify the prefix you wish to advertise. Make sure the

# prefix is present in the routing table of the device with a valid next-hop.
# For example, the following two lines will advertise 192.168.0.0/16 and
10.0.0.0/16 to Amazon VPC
#
#
bgp import filter 1 equal 0.0.0.0/0

bgp import 7224 static filter 1
bgp configure refresh


AMIs.

144



Note
connection.
If your tunnels don't test successfully, see Troubleshooting Yamaha Customer Gateway
145
Example: Generic Customer

Gateway Using Border Gateway
Protocol
Topics
If your customer gateway isn't one of the types discussed earlier in this guide, your integration team will
provide you with generic information that you can use to configure your customer gateway. This section
contains an example of that information.
customer gateway.
146


The diagram in this section illustrates an example generic customer gateway. Following the diagram,
configure.

147
Amazon Web Services

Virtual Private Cloud
VPN Connection Configuration

===============================================
AWS utilizes unique identifiers to manipulate the configuration of
a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned a VPN identifier
and is associated with two other identifiers, namely the
Customer Gateway Identifier and the Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
Your VPN Connection ID : vpn-44a8938f

Your Virtual Private Gateway ID : vgw-8db04f81
Your Customer Gateway ID : cgw-b4dc3961
A VPN Connection consists of a pair of IPsec tunnel security associations

(SAs).
It is important that both tunnel security associations be configured.
IPsec Tunnel #1
================================================
#1: Internet Key Exchange Configuration
Configure the IKE SA as follows:

Please note, these sample configurations are for the minimum requirement of
You will need to modify these sample configuration files to take advantage of
148
The address of the external interface for your customer gateway must be a
static address.
Your customer gateway may reside behind a device performing network address
translation (NAT).
To ensure that NAT traversal (NAT-T) can function, you must adjust your
disabling NAT-T.
- Authentication Method : Pre-Shared Key
- Pre-Shared Key : plain-text-password1
- Authentication Algorithm : sha1
- Encryption Algorithm : aes-128-cbc
- Lifetime : 28800 seconds
- Phase 1 Negotiation Mode : main
- Perfect Forward Secrecy : Diffie-Hellman Group 2
#2: IPsec Configuration
Configure the IPsec SA as follows:

Please note, you may use these additionally supported IPSec parameters for
24.
- Protocol : esp
- Authentication Algorithm : hmac-sha1-96
- Mode : tunnel
IPsec Dead Peer Detection (DPD) will be enabled on the AWS Endpoint. We
recommend configuring DPD on your endpoint as follows:
- DPD Interval : 10
- DPD Retries : 3
IPsec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) inserts additional

headers to transmit packets. These headers require additional space,
which reduces the amount of space available to transmit application data.
To limit the impact of this behavior, we recommend the following
configuration on your Customer Gateway:
- TCP MSS Adjustment : 1387 bytes
- Clear Don't Fragment Bit : enabled
- Fragmentation : Before encryption
#3: Tunnel Interface Configuration
Your Customer Gateway must be configured with a tunnel interface that is

associated with the IPsec tunnel. All traffic transmitted to the tunnel
interface is encrypted and transmitted to the Virtual Private Gateway.
The Customer Gateway and Virtual Private Gateway each have two addresses that
relate
to this IPsec tunnel. Each contains an outside address, upon which encrypted
traffic is exchanged. Each also contain an inside address associated with
the tunnel interface.
149
The Customer Gateway outside IP address was provided when the Customer
Gateway
was created. Changing the IP address requires the creation of a new
Customer Gateway.
The Customer Gateway inside IP address should be configured on your tunnel

interface.
Outside IP Addresses:
- Customer Gateway: : YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
- Virtual Private Gateway : 72.21.209.193
Inside IP Addresses
- Customer Gateway : 169.254.255.6/30
- Virtual Private Gateway : 169.254.255.5/30
Configure your tunnel to fragment at the optimal size:

- Tunnel interface MTU : 1436 bytes
#4: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Configuration:
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGPv4) is used within the tunnel, between the
inside
IP addresses, to exchange routes from the VPC to your home network. Each
BGP router has an Autonomous System Number (ASN). Your ASN was provided
to AWS when the Customer Gateway was created.
BGP Configuration Options:

- Customer Gateway ASN : YOUR_BGP_ASN
- Virtual Private Gateway ASN : 7224
- Neighbor IP Address : 169.254.255.1
- Neighbor Hold Time : 30
Configure BGP to announce routes to the Virtual Private Gateway. The gateway
will announce prefixes to your customer gateway based upon the prefix you
assigned to the VPC at creation time.
IPsec Tunnel #2
=====================================================

static address.
translation (NAT).
150
disabling NAT-T.
- Pre-Shared Key : plain-text-password2
#2: IPsec Configuration
Configure the IPsec SA as follows:

24.
- Protocol : esp
- Mode : tunnel
IPsec Dead Peer Detection (DPD) will be enabled on the AWS Endpoint. We
- DPD Interval : 10
- DPD Retries : 3
IPsec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) inserts additional


associated with the IPsec tunnel. All traffic transmitted to the tunnel
relate
to this IPsec tunnel. Each contains an outside address, upon which encrypted
Gateway
151
Customer Gateway.

interface.
- Customer Gateway: : YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
Inside IP Addresses

#4: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Configuration:
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGPv4) is used within the tunnel, between the
inside
IP addresses, to exchange routes from the VPC to your home network. Each
BGP router has an Autonomous System Number (ASN). Your ASN was provided
to AWS when the Customer Gateway was created.
BGP Configuration Options:

- Customer Gateway ASN : YOUR_BGP_ASN
- Virtual Private Gateway ASN : 7224
- Neighbor IP Address : 169.254.255.5
- Neighbor Hold Time : 30
Configure BGP to announce routes to the Virtual Private Gateway. The gateway
will announce prefixes to your customer gateway based upon the prefix you
assigned to the VPC at creation time.


152
AMIs.




Note
connection.
153
Example: Generic Customer

Gateway without Border Gateway
Protocol
Topics
If your customer gateway isn't one of the types discussed earlier in this guide, your integration team will
provide you with generic information that you can use to configure your customer gateway. This section
contains an example of that information.
customer gateway.
154


The diagram in this section illustrates an example generic customer gateway (without BGP). Following
must configure.
The diagram in this section illustrates a generic customer gateway that uses static routing for its
VPN connection (meaning that it does not support dynamic routing, or Border Gateway Protocol
(BGP). Following the diagram, there is a corresponding example of the configuration information your
integration team should give you. The example configuration contains a set of information for each of
the two tunnels you must configure.
In addition, the example configuration refers to one item that you must provide:
155
private gateway ID (vgw-8db04f81), and the VGW IP addresses (72.21.209.*, 169.254.255.*). You'll
replace these example values with the actual values from the configuration information that you
receive.
Important
The following configuration information is an example of what you can expect an integration
team to provide . Many of the values in the following example will be different from the actual
Amazon Web Services

Virtual Private Cloud
VPN Connection Configuration

================================================================================
AWS utilizes unique identifiers to manipulate the configuration of
a VPN Connection. Each VPN Connection is assigned a VPN Connection Identifier
and is associated with two other identifiers, namely the
Customer Gateway Identifier and the Virtual Private Gateway Identifier.
Your VPN Connection ID : vpn-44a8938f

Your Virtual Private Gateway ID : vgw-8db04f81
Your Customer Gateway ID : cgw-ff628496
156
A VPN Connection consists of a pair of IPSec tunnel security associations
(SAs).
It is important that both tunnel security associations be configured.
IPSec Tunnel #1
================================================================================
Configure the IKE SA as follows

static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
- Pre-Shared Key : PRE-SHARED-KEY-IN-PLAIN-TEXT
#2: IPSec Configuration
Configure the IPSec SA as follows:

24.
- Protocol : esp
- Mode : tunnel
IPSec Dead Peer Detection (DPD) will be enabled on the AWS Endpoint. We
- DPD Interval : 10
- DPD Retries : 3
IPSec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) inserts additional

157

associated with the IPSec tunnel. All traffic transmitted to the tunnel
relate
to this IPSec tunnel. Each contains an outside address, upon which encrypted
Gateway
Customer Gateway.

interface.
- Customer Gateway : YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
Inside IP Addresses

#4: Static Routing Configuration:
To route traffic between your internal network and your VPC,

you will need a static route added to your router.
Static Route Configuration Options:
- Next hop : 169.254.255.73
You should add static routes towards your internal network on the VGW.
The VGW will then send traffic towards your internal network over
the tunnels.
IPSec Tunnel #2
================================================================================
158
static address.
translation (NAT).
disabling NAT-T.
- Pre-Shared Key : PRE-SHARED-KEY-IN-PLAIN-TEXT
#2: IPSec Configuration
Configure the IPSec SA as follows:

24.
- Protocol : esp
- Mode : tunnel
IPSec Dead Peer Detection (DPD) will be enabled on the AWS Endpoint. We
- DPD Interval : 10
- DPD Retries : 3
IPSec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) inserts additional


associated with the IPSec tunnel. All traffic transmitted to the tunnel
159
relate
to this IPSec tunnel. Each contains an outside address, upon which encrypted
Gateway
Customer Gateway.

interface.
- Customer Gateway : YOUR_UPLINK_ADDRESS
Inside IP Addresses

#4: Static Routing Configuration:
To route traffic between your internal network and your VPC,

you will need a static route added to your router.
Static Route Configuration Options:
- Next hop : 169.254.255.77
You should add static routes towards your internal network on the VGW.
The VGW will then send traffic towards your internal network over
the tunnels.

You must first test the gateway configuration for each tunnel.
On your customer gateway, verify that you have added a static route to the VPC CIDR IP space to
use the tunnel interface.
AMIs.
160
1. Launch an instance of one of the Amazon Linux AMIs into your VPC. The Amazon Linux AMIs
are available in the Quick Start menu when you use the Launch Instances Wizard in the AWS
Management Console. For more information, see the Amazon VPC Getting Started Guide.




Note
If you ping an instance from your customer gateway router, ensure that you are sourcing ping
messages from an internal IP address, not a tunnel IP address. Some AMIs don't respond to
ping messages from tunnel IP addresses.
161
Cisco ASA Customer Gateway Connectivity
Troubleshooting
The following topics contain troubleshooting information that you can use if your tunnels aren't in the
correct state when you test your customer gateway.
Topics
Troubleshooting Cisco ASA Customer Gateway Connectivity (p. 162)
Troubleshooting Cisco IOS Customer Gateway Connectivity (p. 165)
Troubleshooting Cisco IOS Customer Gateway without Border Gateway Protocol
Connectivity (p. 170)
Troubleshooting Juniper JunOS Customer Gateway Connectivity (p. 174)
Troubleshooting Juniper ScreenOS Customer Gateway Connectivity (p. 177)
Troubleshooting Yamaha Customer Gateway Connectivity (p. 180)
Troubleshooting Generic Device Customer Gateway Connectivity Using Border Gateway
Protocol (p. 183)
Troubleshooting Generic Device Customer Gateway without Border Gateway Protocol
Connectivity (p. 186)
Troubleshooting Cisco ASA Customer Gateway

Connectivity
When you troubleshoot the connectivity of a Cisco customer gateway, you need to consider three
things: IKE, IPsec, and routing. You can troubleshoot these areas in any order, but we recommend that
you start with IKE (at the bottom of the network stack) and move up.
Important
Some Cisco ASAs only support Active/Standby mode. When you use these Cisco ASAs,
you can have only one active tunnel at a time. The other standby tunnel becomes active
only if the first tunnel becomes unavailable. The standby tunnel may produce the following
error in your log files, which can be ignored: Rejecting IPSec tunnel: no matching
crypto map entry for remote proxy 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0 local proxy
0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0 on interface outside
IKE
Use the following command. The response shows a customer gateway with IKE configured correctly.
ciscoasa# show crypto isakmp sa
162
IPsec
Active SA: 2
Rekey SA: 0 (A tunnel will report 1 Active and 1 Rekey SA during rekey)
Total IKE SA: 2
1 IKE Peer: AWS_ENDPOINT_1

Type : L2L Role : initiator
Rekey : no State : MM_ACTIVE
You should see one or more lines containing an src of the remote gateway specified in the tunnels. The
state should be MM_ACTIVE and status should be ACTIVE. The absence of an entry, or any entry in
another state, indicates that IKE is not configured properly.
For further troubleshooting, run the following commands to enable log messages that provide
diagnostic information.
router# term mon

router# debug crypto isakmp
To disable debugging, use the following command.
router# no debug crypto isakmp
IPsec
Use the following command. The response shows a customer gateway with IPsec configured correctly.
ciscoasa# show crypto ipsec sa

interface: outside
Crypto map tag: VPN_crypto_map_name, seq num: 2, local addr:
172.25.50.101
access-list integ-ppe-loopback extended permit ip

any vpc_subnet subnet_mask
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (vpc_subnet/subnet_mask/0/0)
current_peer: integ-ppe1
#pkts encaps: 0, #pkts encrypt: 0, #pkts digest: 0

#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts verify: 0
#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
#pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0
#pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0
#PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly:
0
#send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0
local crypto endpt.: 172.25.50.101, remote crypto

endpt.: AWS_ENDPOINT_1
path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 74, media mtu 1500

current outbound spi: 6D9F8D3B
current inbound spi : 48B456A6
inbound esp sas:

spi: 0x48B456A6 (1219778214)
transform: esp-aes esp-sha-hmac no compression
163
Routing
in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 2, }

slot: 0, conn_id: 4710400, crypto-map: VPN_cry_map_1
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4374000/3593)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y
Anti replay bitmap:
0x00000000 0x00000001
outbound esp sas:
spi: 0x6D9F8D3B (1839172923)
transform: esp-aes esp-sha-hmac no compression
in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, PFS Group 2, }
slot: 0, conn_id: 4710400, crypto-map: VPN_cry_map_1
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4374000/3593)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y
Anti replay bitmap:
0x00000000 0x00000001
For each tunnel interface, you should see both an inbound esp sas and outbound esp sas. This
assumes that an SA is listed (for example, spi: 0x48B456A6), and IPsec is configured correctly.
In Cisco ASA, the IPsec will only come up after "interesting traffic" is sent. To always keep the IPsec
active, we recommend configuring SLA monitor. SLA monitor will continue to send interesting traffic,
keeping the IPsec active.
You can also use the following ping command to force your IPsec to start negotiation and go up.
ping ec2_instance_ip_address
Pinging ec2_instance_ip_address with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ec2_instance_ip_address: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128



For further troubleshooting, use the following command to enable debugging.
router# debug crypto ipsec
router# no debug crypto ipsec
Routing
Ping the other end of the tunnel. If this is working, then your IPsec should be up and running fine. If this
is not working, check your access lists, and refer the previous IPsec section.
If you are not able to reach your instances, check the following:
1. Verify that the access-list is configured to allow traffic that is associated with the crypto map.
You can do this using the following command:
164
Cisco IOS Customer Gateway Connectivity
ciscoasa# show run crypto

crypto ipsec transform-set transform-amzn esp-aes esp-sha-hmac
crypto map VPN_crypto_map_name 1 match address access-list-name
crypto map VPN_crypto_map_name 1 set pfs
crypto map VPN_crypto_map_name 1 set peer AWS_ENDPOINT_1 AWS_ENDPOINT_2
crypto map VPN_crypto_map_name 1 set transform-set transform-amzn
crypto map VPN_crypto_map_name 1 set security-association lifetime seconds
3600
2. Next, check the access list as follows.
ciscoasa# show run access-list access-list-name

access-list access-list-name extended permit ip any vpc_subnet subnet_mask
For example:
access-list access-list-name extended permit ip any 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0
3. Verify that this access list is correct. The example access list in the previous step allows all internal
traffic to the VPC subnet 10.0.0.0/16.
4. Run a traceroute from the Cisco ASA device, to see if it reaches the Amazon routers (for example,
AWS_ENDPOINT_1/AWS_ENDPOINT_2).
If this reaches the Amazon router, then check the static routes you added in the Amazon console,
and also the security groups for the particular instances.
5. For further troubleshooting, review the configuration.
Troubleshooting Cisco IOS Customer Gateway

Connectivity
When you troubleshoot the connectivity of a Cisco customer gateway you need to consider four things:
IKE, IPsec, tunnel, and BGP. You can troubleshoot these areas any order, but we recommend that you
start with IKE (at the bottom of the network stack) and move up.
IKE
router# show crypto isakmp sa

IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
192.168.37.160 72.21.209.193 QM_IDLE 2001 0 ACTIVE
192.168.37.160 72.21.209.225 QM_IDLE 2002 0 ACTIVE
You should see one or more lines containing a src of the Remote Gateway specified in the tunnels.
The state should be QM_IDLE and status should be ACTIVE. The absence of an entry, or any entry in
another indicate that IKE is not configured properly.
router# term mon
165
IPsec
IPsec
router# show crypto ipsec sa

interface: Tunnel1
Crypto map tag: Tunnel1-head-0, local addr 192.168.37.160
protected vrf: (none)

remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
current_peer 72.21.209.225 port 500
PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
#pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
#pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
#send errors 0, #recv errors 0
local crypto endpt.: 174.78.144.73, remote crypto endpt.: 72.21.209.225

path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb FastEthernet0
current outbound spi: 0xB8357C22(3090512930)
inbound esp sas:

spi: 0x6ADB173(112046451)
transform: esp-aes esp-sha-hmac ,
in use settings ={Tunnel, }
conn id: 1, flow_id: Motorola SEC 2.0:1, crypto map: Tunnel1-head-0
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4467148/3189)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y replay window size: 128
Status: ACTIVE
inbound ah sas:
inbound pcp sas:
outbound esp sas:

spi: 0xB8357C22(3090512930)
IV size: 16 bytes
Status: ACTIVE
outbound ah sas:
166
IPsec
outbound pcp sas:
interface: Tunnel2

local crypto endpt.: 174.78.144.73, remote crypto endpt.: 72.21.209.193

current outbound spi: 0xF59A3FF6(4120526838)
inbound esp sas:

spi: 0xB6720137(3060924727)
IV size: 16 bytes
Status: ACTIVE
inbound ah sas:
inbound pcp sas:
outbound esp sas:

spi: 0xF59A3FF6(4120526838)
IV size: 16 bytes
Status: ACTIVE
outbound ah sas:
outbound pcp sas:
For each tunnel interface, you should see both an inbound esp sas and outbound esp sas. Assuming
an SA is listed ("spi: 0xF95D2F3C", for example) and the Status is ACTIVE, IPsec is configured
correctly.
Use the following command to disable debugging.
167
Tunnel
Tunnel
First, check that you have the necessary firewall rules in place. For a list of the rules, see If You Have a
Firewall Between the Internet and Your Customer Gateway (p. 10).
If your firewall rules are set up correctly, then continue troubleshooting with the following command.
router# show interfaces tun1

Tunnel1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Tunnel
Internet address is 169.254.255.2/30
MTU 17867 bytes, BW 100 Kbit/sec, DLY 50000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 2/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 174.78.144.73, destination 72.21.209.225
Tunnel protocol/transport IPSEC/IP
Tunnel TTL 255
Tunnel transport MTU 1427 bytes
Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
Tunnel protection via IPSec (profile "ipsec-vpn-92df3bfb-0")
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
407 packets input, 30010 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
Ensure the line protocol is up. Check that the tunnel source IP address, source interface and
destination respectively match the tunnel configuration for the customer gateway outside IP address,
interface, and virtual private gateway outside IP address. Ensure that Tunnel protection via IPSec
is present. Make sure to run the command on both tunnel interfaces. To resolve any problems here,
review the configuration.
Also use the following command, replacing 169.254.255.1 with the inside IP address of your virtual
private gateway.
router# ping 169.254.255.1 df-bit size 1410
Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 1410-byte ICMP Echos to 169.254.255.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with the DF bit set
!!!!!
You should see 5 exclamation points.
For further troubleshooting, review the configuration.
168
BGP
BGP
Use the following command.
router# show ip bgp summary

BGP router identifier 192.168.37.160, local AS number 65000
BGP table version is 8, main routing table version 8
2 network entries using 312 bytes of memory
2 path entries using 136 bytes of memory
3/1 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 444 bytes of memory
1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
Bitfield cache entries: current 1 (at peak 2) using 32 bytes of memory
BGP using 948 total bytes of memory
BGP activity 4/1 prefixes, 4/1 paths, scan interval 15 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/

PfxRcd
169.254.255.1 4 7224 363 323 8 0 0 00:54:21 1
169.254.255.5 4 7224 364 323 8 0 0 00:00:24 1
Here, both neighbors should be listed. For each, you should see a State/PfxRcd value of 1.
If the BGP peering is up, verify that your customer gateway router is advertising the default route
(0.0.0.0/0) to the VPC.
router# show bgp all neighbors 169.254.255.1 advertised-routes

For address family: IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 174.78.144.73
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Originating default network 0.0.0.0
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*> 10.120.0.0/16 169.254.255.1 100 0 7224 i
Total number of prefixes 1
Additionally, ensure that you're receiving the prefix corresponding to your VPC from the virtual private
gateway.
router# show ip route bgp

10.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 10.255.0.0 [20/0] via 169.254.255.1, 00:00:20
Virtual Private Gateway Attachment

Make sure your virtual private gateway is attached to your VPC. Your integration team does this with
the AWS Management Console.
If you have questions or need further assistance, please use the Amazon VPC forum.
169
Cisco IOS Customer Gateway Connectivity (without BGP)
Troubleshooting Cisco IOS Customer Gateway

without Border Gateway Protocol Connectivity
When you troubleshoot the connectivity of a Cisco customer gateway, you need to consider three
things: IKE, IPsec and tunnel. You can troubleshoot these areas in any order, but we recommend that
you start with IKE (at the bottom of the network stack) and move up.
IKE
router# show crypto isakmp sa

IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA
dst src state conn-id slot status
174.78.144.73 205.251.233.121 QM_IDLE 2001 0 ACTIVE
174.78.144.73 205.251.233.122 QM_IDLE 2002 0 ACTIVE
You should see one or more lines containing an src of the remote gateway specified in the tunnels.
The state should be QM_IDLE and status should be ACTIVE. The absence of an entry, or any entry in
another state, indicates that IKE is not configured properly.
router# term mon

IPsec
router# show crypto ipsec sa

interface: Tunnel1

local crypto endpt.: 174.78.144.73, remote crypto endpt.:205.251.233.121

current outbound spi: 0xB8357C22(3090512930)
170
IPsec
inbound esp sas:

spi: 0x6ADB173(112046451)
IV size: 16 bytes
Status: ACTIVE
inbound ah sas:
inbound pcp sas:
outbound esp sas:

spi: 0xB8357C22(3090512930)
IV size: 16 bytes
Status: ACTIVE
outbound ah sas:
outbound pcp sas:
interface: Tunnel2

local crypto endpt.: 174.78.144.73, remote crypto endpt.:205.251.233.122

current outbound spi: 0xF59A3FF6(4120526838)
inbound esp sas:

spi: 0xB6720137(3060924727)
IV size: 16 bytes
Status: ACTIVE
inbound ah sas:
171
Tunnel
inbound pcp sas:
outbound esp sas:

spi: 0xF59A3FF6(4120526838)
IV size: 16 bytes
Status: ACTIVE
outbound ah sas:
outbound pcp sas:
For each tunnel interface, you should see both an inbound esp sas and outbound esp sas. This
assumes that an SA is listed (for example, spi: 0x48B456A6), the status is ACTIVE, and IPsec is
configured correctly.
Tunnel
router# show interfaces tun1

Tunnel1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Tunnel
Internet address is 169.254.249.18/30
MTU 17867 bytes, BW 100 Kbit/sec, DLY 50000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 2/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set
Keepalive not set
Tunnel source 174.78.144.73, destination 205.251.233.121
Tunnel protocol/transport IPSEC/IP
Tunnel TTL 255
Tunnel transport MTU 1427 bytes
Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps)
Tunnel protection via IPSec (profile "ipsec-vpn-92df3bfb-0")
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
172
Tunnel
5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec

407 packets input, 30010 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
Ensure the line protocol is up. Check that the tunnel source IP address, source interface, and
destination respectively match the tunnel configuration for the customer gateway outside IP address,
interface, and virtual private gateway outside IP address. Ensure that Tunnel protection through IPSec
is present. Make sure to run the command on both tunnel interfaces. To resolve any problems, review
the configuration.
You can also use the following command, replacing 169.254.249.18 with the inside IP address of
your virtual private gateway.
router# ping 169.254.249.18 df-bit size 1410
Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 1410-byte ICMP Echos to 169.254.249.18, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with the DF bit set
!!!!!
You should see five exclamation points.
Routing
To see your static route table, use the following command.
router# sh ip route static

1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted
S 10.0.0.0/16 is directly connected, Tunnel1
is directly connected, Tunnel2
You should see that the static route for the VPC CIDR through both tunnels exists. If it does not exist,
add the static routes as shown here.
router# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 Tunnel1 track 100

router# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 Tunnel2 track 200
Checking the SLA Monitor

router# show ip sla statistics 100
IPSLAs Latest Operation Statistics
IPSLA operation id: 100

Latest RTT: 128 milliseconds
Latest operation start time: *18:08:02.155 UTC Wed Jul 15 2012
Latest operation return code: OK
Number of successes: 3
Number of failures: 0
Operation time to live: Forever
router# show ip sla statistics 200

IPSLAs Latest Operation Statistics
IPSLA operation id: 200

Latest RTT: 128 milliseconds
173
Latest operation start time: *18:08:02.155 UTC Wed Jul 15 2012

Latest operation return code: OK
Number of successes: 3
Number of failures: 0
Operation time to live: Forever
The value of Number of successes indicates whether the SLA monitor has been set up successfully.

Verify that your virtual private gateway is attached to your VPC. Your integration team does this with
Troubleshooting Juniper JunOS Customer

Gateway Connectivity
When you troubleshoot the connectivity of a Juniper customer gateway you need to consider
four things: IKE, IPsec, tunnel, and BGP. You can troubleshoot these areas in any order, but we
recommend that you start with IKE (at the bottom of the network stack) and move up.
IKE
user@router> show security ike security-associations

Index Remote Address State Initiator cookie Responder cookie Mode
4 72.21.209.225 UP c4cd953602568b74 0d6d194993328b02 Main
3 72.21.209.193 UP b8c8fb7dc68d9173 ca7cb0abaedeb4bb Main
You should see one or more lines containing a Remote Address of the Remote Gateway specified in
the tunnels. The State should be UP. The absence of an entry, or any entry in another state (such as
DOWN) is an indication that IKE is not configured properly.
For further troubleshooting, enable the IKE trace options (as recommended in the example
configuration information (see Example: Juniper J-Series JunOS Device (p. 92)). Then run the
following command to print a variety of debugging messages to the screen.
user@router> monitor start kmd
From an external host, you can retrieve the entire log file with the following command.
scp username@router.hostname:/var/log/kmd
IPsec
user@router> show security ipsec security-associations
174
Tunnel
Total active tunnels: 2

ID Gateway Port Algorithm SPI Life:sec/kb Mon vsys
<131073 72.21.209.225 500 ESP:aes-128/sha1 df27aae4 326/ unlim - 0
>131073 72.21.209.225 500 ESP:aes-128/sha1 5de29aa1 326/ unlim - 0
<131074 72.21.209.193 500 ESP:aes-128/sha1 dd16c453 300/ unlim - 0
>131074 72.21.209.193 500 ESP:aes-128/sha1 c1e0eb29 300/ unlim - 0
Specifically, you should see at least two lines per Gateway address (corresponding to the Remote
Gateway). Note the carets at the beginning of each line (< >) which indicate the direction of traffic for
the particular entry. The output has separate lines for inbound traffic ("<", traffic from the virtual private
gateway to this customer gateway) and outbound traffic (">").
For further troubleshooting, enable the IKE traceoptions (for more information, see the preceding
section about IKE).
Tunnel
First, double-check that you have the necessary firewall rules in place. For a list of the rules, see If You
Have a Firewall Between the Internet and Your Customer Gateway (p. 10).
user@router> show interfaces st0.1

Logical interface st0.1 (Index 70) (SNMP ifIndex 126)
Flags: Point-To-Point SNMP-Traps Encapsulation: Secure-Tunnel
Input packets : 8719
Output packets: 41841
Security: Zone: Trust
Allowed host-inbound traffic : bgp ping ssh traceroute
Protocol inet, MTU: 9192
Flags: None
Addresses, Flags: Is-Preferred Is-Primary
Destination: 169.254.255.0/30, Local: 169.254.255.2
Make sure that the Security: Zone is correct, and that the Local address matches the customer
gateway tunnel inside address.
Next, use the following command, replacing 169.254.255.1 with the inside IP address of your virtual
private gateway. Your results should look like the response shown here.
user@router> ping 169.254.255.1 size 1382 do-not-fragment

PING 169.254.255.1 (169.254.255.1): 1410 data bytes
64 bytes from 169.254.255.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=71.080 ms
64 bytes from 169.254.255.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=70.585 ms
BGP
user@router> show bgp summary

Groups: 1 Peers: 2 Down peers: 0
Table Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State
Pending
inet.0 2 1 0 0 0
0
175
BGP
Peer AS InPkt OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn

State|#Active/Received/Accepted/Damped...
169.254.255.1 7224 9 10 0 0 1:00
1/1/1/0 0/0/0/0
169.254.255.5 7224 8 9 0 0 56
0/1/1/0 0/0/0/0
For further troubleshooting, use the following command, replacing 169.254.255.1 with the inside IP
address of your virtual private gateway.
user@router> show bgp neighbor 169.254.255.1

Peer: 169.254.255.1+179 AS 7224 Local: 169.254.255.2+57175 AS 65000
Type: External State: Established Flags: <ImportEval Sync>
Last State: OpenConfirm Last Event: RecvKeepAlive
Last Error: None
Export: [ EXPORT-DEFAULT ]
Options: <Preference HoldTime PeerAS LocalAS Refresh>
Holdtime: 30 Preference: 170 Local AS: 65000 Local System AS: 0
Number of flaps: 0
Peer ID: 169.254.255.1 Local ID: 10.50.0.10 Active Holdtime: 30
Keepalive Interval: 10 Peer index: 0
BFD: disabled, down
Local Interface: st0.1
NLRI for restart configured on peer: inet-unicast
NLRI advertised by peer: inet-unicast
NLRI for this session: inet-unicast
Peer supports Refresh capability (2)
Restart time configured on the peer: 120
Stale routes from peer are kept for: 300
Restart time requested by this peer: 120
NLRI that peer supports restart for: inet-unicast
NLRI that restart is negotiated for: inet-unicast
NLRI of received end-of-rib markers: inet-unicast
NLRI of all end-of-rib markers sent: inet-unicast
Peer supports 4 byte AS extension (peer-as 7224)
Table inet.0 Bit: 10000
RIB State: BGP restart is complete
Send state: in sync
Active prefixes: 1
Received prefixes: 1
Accepted prefixes: 1
Suppressed due to damping: 0
Advertised prefixes: 1
Last traffic (seconds): Received 4 Sent 8 Checked 4
Input messages: Total 24 Updates 2 Refreshes 0 Octets 505
Output messages: Total 26 Updates 1 Refreshes 0 Octets 582
Output Queue[0]: 0
Here you should see Received prefixes and Advertised prefixes listed at 1 each. This should be within
the Table inet.0 section.
If the State is not Established, check the Last State and Last Error for details of what is required to
correct the problem.
(0.0.0.0/0) to the VPC.
user@router> show route advertising-protocol bgp 169.254.255.1
176
inet.0: 10 destinations, 11 routes (10 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

Prefix Nexthop MED Lclpref AS path
* 0.0.0.0/0 Self I
gateway.
user@router> show route receive-protocol bgp 169.254.255.1
inet.0: 10 destinations, 11 routes (10 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

Prefix Nexthop MED Lclpref AS path
* 10.110.0.0/16 169.254.255.1 100 7224 I

Troubleshooting Juniper ScreenOS Customer

Gateway Connectivity
When you troubleshoot the connectivity of a Juniper ScreenOS-based customer gateway you need to
consider four things: IKE, IPsec, tunnel, and BGP. You can troubleshoot these areas in any order, but
we recommend that you start with IKE (at the bottom of the network stack) and move up.
IKE and IPsec

ssg5-serial-> get sa
total configured sa: 2
HEX ID Gateway Port Algorithm SPI Life:sec kb Sta PID
vsys
00000002< 72.21.209.225 500 esp:a128/sha1 80041ca4 3385 unlim A/- -1 0
00000002> 72.21.209.225 500 esp:a128/sha1 8cdd274a 3385 unlim A/- -1 0
00000001< 72.21.209.193 500 esp:a128/sha1 ecf0bec7 3580 unlim A/- -1 0
00000001> 72.21.209.193 500 esp:a128/sha1 14bf7894 3580 unlim A/- -1 0
You should see one or more lines containing a Remote Address of the Remote Gateway specified
in the tunnels. The Sta should be A/- and the SPI should be a hexadecimal number other than
00000000. Entries in other states indicate that IKE is not configured properly.
For further troubleshooting, enable the IKE trace options (as recommended in the example
configuration information (see Example: Juniper ScreenOS Device (p. 116)).
Tunnel
First, double-check that you have the necessary firewall rules in place. For a list of the rules, see If You
Have a Firewall Between the Internet and Your Customer Gateway (p. 10).
177
BGP
ssg5-serial-> get interface tunnel.1

Interface tunnel.1:
description tunnel.1
number 20, if_info 1768, if_index 1, mode route
link ready
vsys Root, zone Trust, vr trust-vr
admin mtu 1500, operating mtu 1500, default mtu 1500
*ip 169.254.255.2/30
*manage ip 169.254.255.2
route-deny disable
bound vpn:
IPSEC-1
Next-Hop Tunnel Binding table

Flag Status Next-Hop(IP) tunnel-id VPN
pmtu-v4 disabled
ping disabled, telnet disabled, SSH disabled, SNMP disabled
web disabled, ident-reset disabled, SSL disabled
OSPF disabled BGP enabled RIP disabled RIPng disabled mtrace disabled
PIM: not configured IGMP not configured
NHRP disabled
bandwidth: physical 0kbps, configured egress [gbw 0kbps mbw 0kbps]
configured ingress mbw 0kbps, current bw 0kbps
total allocated gbw 0kbps
Make sure that you see link:ready, and that the IP address matches the customer gateway tunnel
inside address.
Next, use the following command, replacing 169.254.255.1 with the inside IP address of your virtual
private gateway. Your results should look like the response shown here.
ssg5-serial-> ping 169.254.255.1

Type escape sequence to abort
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 169.254.255.1, timeout is 1 seconds

!!!!!
Success Rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip time min/avg/max=32/32/33 ms
BGP
ssg5-serial-> get vrouter trust-vr protocol bgp neighbor

Peer AS Remote IP Local IP Wt Status State ConnID Up/
Down
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7224 169.254.255.1 169.254.255.2 100 Enabled ESTABLISH 10
00:01:01
7224 169.254.255.5 169.254.255.6 100 Enabled ESTABLISH 11
00:00:59
Both BGP peers should be listed as State: ESTABLISH, which means the BGP connection to the virtual
private gateway is active.
178
BGP
For further troubleshooting, use the following command, replacing 169.254.255.1 with the inside IP
address of your virtual private gateway.
ssg5-serial-> get vr trust-vr prot bgp neigh 169.254.255.1

peer: 169.254.255.1, remote AS: 7224, admin status: enable
type: EBGP, multihop: 0(disable), MED: node default(0)
connection state: ESTABLISH, connection id: 18 retry interval: node
default(120s), cur retry time 15s
configured hold time: node default(90s), configured keepalive: node
default(30s)
configured adv-interval: default(30s)
designated local IP: n/a
local IP address/port: 169.254.255.2/13946, remote IP address/port:
169.254.255.1/179
router ID of peer: 169.254.255.1, remote AS: 7224
negotiated hold time: 30s, negotiated keepalive interval: 10s
route map in name: , route map out name:
weight: 100 (default)
self as next hop: disable
send default route to peer: disable
ignore default route from peer: disable
send community path attribute: no
reflector client: no
Neighbor Capabilities:
Route refresh: advertised and received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received
force reconnect is disable
total messages to peer: 106, from peer: 106
update messages to peer: 6, from peer: 4
Tx queue length 0, Tx queue HWM: 1
route-refresh messages to peer: 0, from peer: 0
last reset 00:05:33 ago, due to BGP send Notification(Hold Timer Expired)
(code 4 : subcode 0)
number of total successful connections: 4
connected: 2 minutes 6 seconds
Elapsed time since last update: 2 minutes 6 seconds
(0.0.0.0/0) to the VPC. Note that this command applies to ScreenOS version 6.2.0 and higher.
ssg5-serial-> get vr trust-vr protocol bgp rib neighbor 169.254.255.1

advertised
i: IBGP route, e: EBGP route, >: best route, *: valid route
Prefix Nexthop Wt Pref Med Orig AS-Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>i 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0 32768 100 0 IGP
Total IPv4 routes advertised: 1
gateway. Note that this command applies to ScreenOS version 6.2.0 and higher.
ssg5-serial-> get vr trust-vr protocol bgp rib neighbor 169.254.255.1

received
i: IBGP route, e: EBGP route, >: best route, *: valid route
Prefix Nexthop Wt Pref Med Orig AS-Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>e* 10.0.0.0/16 169.254.255.1 100 100 100 IGP 7224
179
Total IPv4 routes received: 1

Troubleshooting Yamaha Customer Gateway

Connectivity
When you troubleshoot the connectivity of a Yamaha customer gateway you need to consider
four things: IKE, IPsec, tunnel, and BGP. You can troubleshoot these areas in any order, but we
recommend that you start with IKE (at the bottom of the network stack) and move up.
IKE
# show ipsec sa gateway 1

sgw flags local-id remote-id # of sa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 U K YOUR_LOCAL_NETWORK_ADDRESS 72.21.209.225 i:2 s:1 r:1
You should see a line containing a remote-id of the Remote Gateway specified in the tunnels. You can
list all the security associations (SAs) by omitting the tunnel number.
For further troubleshooting, run the following commands to enable DEBUG level log messages that
provide diagnostic information.
# syslog debug on
# ipsec ike log message-info payload-info key-info
To cancel the logged items, use the following command.
# no ipsec ike log

# no syslog debug on
IPsec
# show ipsec sa gateway 1 detail

SA[1] Duration: 10675s
Local ID: YOUR_LOCAL_NETWORK_ADDRESS
Remote ID: 72.21.209.225
Protocol: IKE
Algorithm: AES-CBC, SHA-1, MODP 1024bit
SPI: 6b ce fd 8a d5 30 9b 02 0c f3 87 52 4a 87 6e 77
180
Tunnel
Key: ** ** ** ** ** (confidential) ** ** ** ** **
----------------------------------------------------
Remote ID: 72.21.209.225
Direction: send
Protocol: ESP (Mode: tunnel)
Algorithm: AES-CBC (for Auth.: HMAC-SHA)
SPI: a6 67 47 47
----------------------------------------------------
Remote ID: 72.21.209.225
Direction: receive
Protocol: ESP (Mode: tunnel)
Algorithm: AES-CBC (for Auth.: HMAC-SHA)
SPI: 6b 98 69 2b
----------------------------------------------------
Remote ID: 72.21.209.225
Protocol: IKE
Algorithm: AES-CBC, SHA-1, MODP 1024bit
SPI: e8 45 55 38 90 45 3f 67 a8 74 ca 71 ba bb 75 ee
----------------------------------------------------
For each tunnel interface, you should see both receive sas and send sas.
# syslog debug on
# ipsec ike log message-info payload-info key-info
Use the following command to disable debugging.
# no ipsec ike log

# no syslog debug on
Tunnel
# show status tunnel 1

TUNNEL[1]:
Description:
Interface type: IPsec
Current status is Online.
from 2011/08/15 18:19:45.
5 hours 7 minutes 58 seconds connection.
Received: (IPv4) 3933 packets [244941 octets]
(IPv6) 0 packet [0 octet]
181
BGP
Transmitted: (IPv4) 3933 packets [241407 octets]

(IPv6) 0 packet [0 octet]
Ensure the current status is online. Also, ensure that Interface type is IPsec. Make sure to run the
command on both tunnel interfaces. To resolve any problems here, review the configuration.
BGP
# show status bgp neighbor

BGP neighbor is 169.254.255.1, remote AS 7224, local AS 65000, external link
BGP version 0, remote router ID 0.0.0.0
BGP state = Active
Last read 00:00:00, hold time is 0, keepalive interval is 0 seconds
Received 0 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Sent 0 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Connection established 0; dropped 0
Last reset never
Local host: unspecified
Foreign host: 169.254.255.1, Foreign port: 0
BGP neighbor is 169.254.255.5, remote AS 7224, local AS 65000, external link

BGP version 0, remote router ID 0.0.0.0
BGP state = Active
Last read 00:00:00, hold time is 0, keepalive interval is 0 seconds
Received 0 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Sent 0 messages, 0 notifications, 0 in queue
Connection established 0; dropped 0
Last reset never
Local host: unspecified
Foreign host: 169.254.255.5, Foreign port:
Here, both neighbors should be listed. For each, you should see a BGP state value of Active.
(0.0.0.0/0) to the VPC.
# show status bgp neighbor 169.254.255.1 advertised-routes

Total routes: 1
*: valid route
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Path
* default 0.0.0.0 0 IGP
gateway.
# show ip route
Destination Gateway Interface Kind Additional Info.
default ***.***.***.*** LAN3(DHCP) static
10.0.0.0/16 169.254.255.1 TUNNEL[1] BGP path=10124
182

Troubleshooting Generic Device Customer

Gateway Connectivity Using Border Gateway
Protocol
The following diagram and table provide general instructions for troubleshooting a customer gateway
that uses Border Gateway Protocol for devices other than those listed in this guide.
Tip
When troubleshooting problems, you might find it useful to enable the debug features of your
gateway device. Consult your gateway device vendor for details.
183
Generic Device Customer Gateway Connectivity
184
Generic Device Customer Gateway Connectivity
Determine if an IKE Security Association exists.
An IKE security association is required to exchange keys that are used to establish the
IPsec Security Association.
If no IKE security association exists, review your IKE configuration settings. You
must configure the encryption, authentication, perfect-forward-secrecy, and mode
parameters as listed in the customer gateway configuration.
If an IKE security association exists, move on to IPsec.
Determine if an IPsec Security Association exists.
An IPsec security association is the tunnel itself. Query your customer gateway to
determine if an IPsec Security Association is active. Proper configuration of the IPsec
SA is critical. You must configure the encryption, authentication, perfect-forward-
secrecy, and mode parameters as listed in the customer gateway configuration.
If no IPsec Security Association exists, review your IPsec configuration.
If an IPsec Security Association exists, move on to the tunnel.
Confirm the required firewall rules are set up (for a list of the rules, see If You Have a
Firewall Between the Internet and Your Customer Gateway (p. 10)). If they are, move
forward.
Determine if there is IP connectivity via the tunnel.
Each side of the tunnel has an IP address as specified in the customer gateway
configuration. The virtual private gateway address is the address used as the BGP
neighbor address. From your customer gateway, ping this address to determine if IP
traffic is being properly encrypted and decrypted.
If the ping isn't successful, review your tunnel interface configuration to ensure the
proper IP address is configured.
If the ping is successful, move on to BGP.
Determine if the BGP peering is active.
For each tunnel, do the following:
On your customer gateway, determine if the BGP status is Active or Established. It

may take approximately 30 seconds for a BGP peering to become active.
Ensure that the customer gateway is advertising the default route (0.0.0.0/0) to the
virtual private gateway.
If the tunnels are not in this state, review your BGP configuration.
If the BGP peering is established, you are receiving a prefix, and you are advertising
a prefix, your tunnel is configured correctly. Ensure both tunnels are in this state, and
you're done.
Make sure your virtual private gateway is attached to your VPC. Your integration team
does this with the AWS Management Console.
For general testing instructions applicable to all customer gateways, see How to Test the Customer
Gateway Configuration (p. 152).
185
Generic Device Customer Gateway
Connectivity (without BGP)
Troubleshooting Generic Device Customer

Gateway without Border Gateway Protocol
Connectivity
The following diagram and table provide general instructions for troubleshooting a customer gateway
device that does not use Border Gateway Protocol.
Tip
When troubleshooting problems, you might find it useful to enable the debug features of your
gateway device. Consult your gateway device vendor for details.
186
187
Determine if an IKE Security Association exists.
An IKE security association is required to exchange keys that are used to establish the
IPsec Security Association.
If no IKE security association exists, review your IKE configuration settings. You
must configure the encryption, authentication, perfect-forward-secrecy, and mode
parameters as listed in the customer gateway configuration.
If an IKE security association exists, move on to IPsec.
Determine if an IPsec Security Association exists.
An IPsec security association is the tunnel itself. Query your customer gateway to
determine if an IPsec Security Association is active. Proper configuration of the IPsec
SA is critical. You must configure the encryption, authentication, perfect-forward-
secrecy, and mode parameters as listed in the customer gateway configuration.
If no IPsec Security Association exists, review your IPsec configuration.
If an IPsec Security Association exists, move on to the tunnel.
Confirm the required firewall rules are set up (for a list of the rules, see If You Have a
Firewall Between the Internet and Your Customer Gateway (p. 10)). If they are, move
forward.
Determine if there is IP connectivity via the tunnel.
Each side of the tunnel has an IP address as specified in the customer gateway
configuration. The virtual private gateway address is the address used as the BGP
neighbor address. From your customer gateway, ping this address to determine if IP
traffic is being properly encrypted and decrypted.
If the ping isn't successful, review your tunnel interface configuration to ensure the
proper IP address is configured.
If the ping is successful, move on to Routing.
Static Routing:
routes
For each tunnel, do the following:
Verify that you have added a static route to your VPC CIDR with the tunnels as the
next hop.
Verify that you have added a static route on the AWS console, to tell the VGW to
route traffic back to your internal networks.
If the tunnels are not in this state, review your device configuration.
Ensure both tunnels are in this state, and you're done.
Make sure your virtual private gateway is attached to your VPC. Your integration team
does this with the AWS Management Console.
188
Prerequisites
Configuring Windows Server 2008

R2 as a Customer Gateway
You can configure Windows Server 2008 R2 as a customer gateway for your VPC. Use the following
process whether you are running Windows Server 2008 R2 on an EC2 instance in a VPC, or on your
own server.
Topics
Prerequisites (p. 189)
Step 1: Create a VPN Connection (p. 191)
Step 2: Download the Configuration File for the VPN Connection (p. 191)
Step 3: Configure the Windows Server (p. 193)
Step 4: Set Up the VPN Tunnel (p. 195)
Step 5: Enable Dead Gateway Detection (p. 201)
Step 6: Test the VPN Connection (p. 202)
Prerequisites
Before you begin, ensure that you have configured your customer gateway and your VPN components.
Topics
Configuring Your Windows Server (p. 189)
Configuring VPN Components for Your VPC (p. 190)
Configuring Your Windows Server

To configure Windows Server as a customer gateway, ensure that you have the following:
Windows Server 2008 R2 on your own network, or on an EC2 instance in a VPC. If you use an EC2
instance that you launched from a Windows AMI, do the following:
Disable source/destination checking for the instance. For more information, see Changing the
Source/Destination Checking of a Network Interface.
Update your adapter settings. For more information, see Updating Your Windows Adapter
Settings (p. 190).
189
Configuring VPN Components for Your VPC
Associate an Elastic IP address with the instance. For more information, see Working with Elastic
IP Addresses.
Ensure the instance's security group rules allow outbound IPsec traffic. By default, a security
group allows all outbound traffic; however, if the security group's outbound rules have been
modified from their original state, you must create the following outbound custom protocol rules for
IPsec traffic: IP protocol 50, IP protocol 51, and UDP 500.
The CIDR range for your network in which the Windows server is located, for example,
172.31.0.0/16.
Updating Your Windows Adapter Settings

If you launched a Windows server instance from a current Windows AMI, you might not be able to
route traffic from other instances without updating your adapter settings.
To update your adapter settings
1. Connect to your Windows instance. For more information, see Connecting to Your Windows
Instance.
2. Open Control Panel, and start the Device Manager.
3. Expand the Network adapters node.
4. Right-click the Citrix network adapter, and then click Properties.
5. On the Advanced tab, disable the IPv4 Checksum Offload, TCP Checksum Offload (IPv4), and
UDP Checksum Offload (IPv4) properties, and then click OK.

To create a VPN connection from your VPC, ensure that you have the following:
The CIDR block of your VPC; for example, 10.0.0.0/16.

A customer gateway that specifies the IP address of the Windows Server 2008 R2 server. Specify
static routing for the routing type. For more information about creating a customer gateway, see
Create a Customer Gateway.
Note
The address must be static, and may be behind a device performing network address
translation (NAT). To ensure that NAT traversal (NAT-T) can function, you must adjust your
firewall rules to unblock UDP port 4500. If your customer gateway is a Windows server
instance, use the Elastic IP address.
A virtual private gateway attached to your VPC. For more information, see Create a Virtual Private
Gateway.
A private subnet for launching instances that will communicate with the Windows server.
Note
A private subnet is a subnet that does not have a route to an Internet gateway.
Routing for your VPN connection:
Add a route to your private subnet's route table with the virtual private gateway as the target, and
the Windows server's network (CIDR range) as the destination.
Enable route propagation for the virtual private gateway. For more information, see Route Tables
in the Amazon VPC User Guide.
A security group configuration for your instances that allows communication between your network
and your VPC:
Add rules that allow inbound RDP or SSH access from your network. This enables you to connect
to instances in your VPC from your network. For example, to allow instances in your network to
190
Step 1: Create a VPN Connection
access Linux instances in your VPC, create an inbound rule with a type of SSH, and the source
set to the CIDR range of your network; for example, 172.31.0.0/16. For more information, see
Security Groups for Your VPC in the Amazon VPC User Guide.
Add a rule that allows inbound ICMP access from your network. This enables you to test your VPN
connection by pinging an instance in your VPC from your Windows server.

To create a VPN connection, you must first configure the required components for the VPN as
specified in the prerequisites section, Configuring VPN Components for Your VPC (p. 190). You
must also have the CIDR range for your network in which the Windows server is located, for example,
172.31.0.0/16.
To create a VPN connection
1. Open the Amazon VPC console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/vpc/.

2. In the navigation pane, click VPN Connections, and then click Create VPN Connection.
3. Select the virtual private gateway and customer gateway from the lists. Select the Static routing
option, enter the Static IP Prefixes values for your network in CIDR notation, and then click Yes,
Create.
Step 2: Download the Configuration File for the

VPN Connection
You can use the Amazon VPC console to download a Windows server configuration file for your VPN
connection.
To download the configuration file

2. In the navigation pane, click VPN Connections.
3. Select your VPN connection, and then click Download Configuration.
4. Select Microsoft as the vendor, Windows Server as the platform, and 2008 R2 as the software.
Click Yes, Download. You can open the file or save it.
The configuration file contains a section of information similar to the following example. Youll see this
information presented twice, one time for each tunnel. You'll use this information when configuring the
Windows Server 2008 R2 server.
vgw-1a2b3c4d Tunnel1
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Tunnel Endpoint: 203.0.113.1
Remote Tunnel Endpoint: 203.83.222.237
Endpoint 1: [Your_Static_Route_IP_Prefix]
Endpoint 2: [Your_VPC_CIDR_Block]
Preshared key: xCjNLsLoCmKsakwcdoR9yX6GsEXAMPLE
Local Tunnel Endpoint

The IP address for the customer gatewayin this case, your Windows serverthat terminates the
VPN connection on your network's side. If your customer gateway is a Windows server instance,
this is the instance's private IP address.
191
Step 2: Download the Configuration
File for the VPN Connection
Remote Tunnel Endpoint
One of two IP addresses for the virtual private gateway that terminates the VPN connection on the
AWS side.
Endpoint 1
The IP prefix that you specified as a static route when you created the VPN connection. These are
the IP addresses on your network that are allowed to use the VPN connection to access your VPC.
Endpoint 2
The IP address range (CIDR block) of the VPC attached to the virtual private gateway (for example
10.0.0.0/16).
Preshared key
The pre-shared key that is used to establish the IPsec VPN connection between Local Tunnel
Endpoint and Remote Tunnel Endpoint.
We suggest that you configure both tunnels as part of the VPN connection. Each tunnel connects to
a separate VPN concentrator on the Amazon side of the VPN connection. Although only one tunnel
at a time is up, the second tunnel automatically establishes itself if the first tunnel goes down. Having
redundant tunnels ensure continuous availability in the case of a device failure. Because only one
tunnel is available at a time, the Amazon VPC console indicates that one tunnel is down. This is
expected behavior, so there's no action required from you.
With two tunnels configured, if a device failure occurs within AWS, your VPN connection automatically
fails over to the second tunnel of the AWS virtual private gateway within a matter of minutes. When you
configure your customer gateway, it's important that you configure both tunnels.
Note
time. Your VPN connection automatically fails over to the second tunnel while we perform this
maintenance.
Additional information regarding the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) and IPsec Security Associations (SA)
is presented in the downloaded configuration file. Because the AWS VPC VPN suggested settings are
the same as the Windows Server 2008 R2 default IPsec configuration settings, minimal work is needed
on your part.
MainModeSecMethods: DHGroup2-AES128-SHA1,DHGroup2-3DES-SHA1
MainModeKeyLifetime: 480min,0sec
QuickModeSecMethods: ESP:SHA1-AES128+60min+100000kb,
ESP:SHA1-3D ES+60min+100000kb
QuickModePFS: DHGroup2
MainModeSecMethods
The encryption and authentication algorithms for the IKE SA. These are the suggested settings
for the VPN connection, and are the default settings for Windows Server 2008 R2 IPsec VPN
connections.
MainModeKeyLifetime
The IKE SA key lifetime. This is the suggested setting for the VPN connection, and is the default
setting for Windows Server 2008 R2 IPsec VPN connections.
QuickModeSecMethods
The encryption and authentication algorithms for the IPsec SA. These are the suggested settings
connections.
QuickModePFS
We suggest the use of master key perfect forward secrecy (PFS) for your IPsec sessions.
192
Step 3: Configure the Windows Server

Before you set up the VPN tunnel, you must install and configure Routing and Remote Access
Services on your Windows server to allow remote users to access resources on your network.
To install Routing and Remote Access Services on Windows Server 2008 R2
1. Log on to the Windows Server 2008 R2 server.

2. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Server
Manager.
3. Install Routing and Remote Access Services:
a. In the Server Manager navigation pane, click Roles.

b. In the Roles pane, click Add Roles.
c. On the Before You Begin page, verify that your server meets the prerequisites and then click
Next.
d. On the Select Server Roles page, click Network Policy and Access Services, and then
click Next.
e. On the Network Policy and Access Services page, click Next.
f. On the Select Role Services page, click Routing and Remote Access Services, leave
Remote Access Service and Routing selected, and then click Next.
g. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install.

h. When the wizard completes, click Close.
To configure and enable Routing and Remote Access Server
1. In the Server Manager navigation pane, expand Roles, and then expand Network Policy and
Access.
2. Right-click Routing and Remote Access Server, and then click Configure and Enable Routing
and Remote Access.
193
3. In the Routing and Remote Access Setup Wizard, on the Welcome page, click Next.
4. On the Configuration page, click Custom Configuration, and then click Next.
5. Click LAN routing, and then click Next.
6. Click Finish.
7. When prompted by the Routing and Remote Access dialog box, click Start service.
194
Step 4: Set Up the VPN Tunnel

You can configure the VPN tunnel by running the netsh scripts included in the downloaded
configuration file, or by using the New Connection Security Rule Wizard on the Windows server.
Important
We suggest that you use master key perfect forward secrecy (PFS) for your IPsec sessions.
However, you can't enable PFS using the Windows Server 2008 R2 user interface; you can
only enable this setting by running the netsh script with qmpfs=dhgroup2. Therefore, you
should consider your requirements before you pick an option. For more information, go to Key
exchange settings in the Microsoft TechNet Library.
Option 1: Run netsh Script

Copy the netsh script from the downloaded configuration file and replace the variables. The following is
an example script.
netsh advfirewall consec add rule Name="VGW-1a2b3c4d Tunnel 1" Enable=Yes ^

Profile=any Type=Static Mode=Tunnel
LocalTunnelEndpoint=Windows_Server_Private_IP_address ^
RemoteTunnelEndpoint=203.83.222.236 Endpoint1=Static_Route_IP_Prefix ^
Endpoint2=VPC_CIDR_Block Protocol=Any Action=RequireInClearOut ^
Auth1=ComputerPSK Auth1PSK=xCjNLsLoCmKsakwcdoR9yX6Gsexample ^
QMSecMethods=ESP:SHA1-AES128+60min+100000kb ^
ExemptIPsecProtectedConnections=No ApplyAuthz=No QMPFS=dhgroup2
Name: You can replace the suggested name (VGW-1a2b3c4d Tunnel 1) with a name of your
choice.
LocalTunnelEndpoint: Enter the private IP address of the Windows server on your network.
Endpoint1: The CIDR block of your network on which the Windows server resides, for example,
172.31.0.0/16.
Endpoint2: The CIDR block of your VPC or a subnet in your VPC, for example, 10.0.0.0/16.
Run the updated script in a command prompt window. (The ^ enables you to cut and paste wrapped
text at the command line.) To set up the second VPN tunnel for this VPN connection, repeat the
process using the second netsh script in the configuration file.
When you are done, go to 2.4: Configure the Windows Firewall (p. 199).
For more information about the netsh parameters, go to Netsh AdvFirewall Consec Commands in the
Microsoft TechNet Library.
Option 2: Use the Windows Server User Interface

You can also use the Windows server user interface to set up the VPN tunnel. This section guides you
through the steps.
Important
You can't enable master key perfect forward secrecy (PFS) using the Windows Server
2008 R2 user interface. Therefore, if you decide to use PFS, you must use the netsh scripts
described in option 1 instead of the user interface described in this option.
2.1: Configure a Security Rule for a VPN Tunnel (p. 196)

2.3: Confirm the Tunnel Configuration (p. 199)
2.4: Configure the Windows Firewall (p. 199)
195
2.1: Configure a Security Rule for a VPN Tunnel

In this section, you configure a security rule on your Windows server to create a VPN tunnel.
To configure a security rule for a VPN tunnel
1. In the Server Manager navigation pane, expand Configuration, and then expand Windows
Firewall with Advanced Security.
2. Right-click Connection Security Rules, and then click New Rule.
3. In the New Connection Security Rule wizard, on the Rule Type page, click Tunnel, and then
click Next.
4. On the Tunnel Type page, under What type of tunnel would you like to create, click Custom
Configuration. Under Would you like to exempt IPsec-protected connections from this
tunnel, leave the default value checked (No. Send all network traffic that matches this
connection security rule through the tunnel), and then click Next.
5. On the Requirements page, click Require authentication for inbound connections. Do not
establish tunnels for outbound connections, and then click Next.
6. On Tunnel Endpoints page, under Which computers are in Endpoint 1, click Add. Enter the
CIDR range of your network (behind your Windows server customer gateway), and then click OK.
(Note that the range can include the IP address of your customer gateway.)
7. Under What is the local tunnel endpoint (closest to computer in Endpoint 1), click Edit. Enter
the private IP address of your Windows server, and then click OK.
8. Under What is the remote tunnel endpoint (closest to computers in Endpoint 2), click Edit.
Enter the IP address of the virtual private gateway for Tunnel 1 from the configuration file (see
Remote Tunnel Endpoint), and then click OK.
Important
If you are repeating this procedure for Tunnel 2, be sure to select the endpoint for Tunnel
2.
196
9. Under Which computers are in Endpoint 2, click Add. Enter the CIDR block of your VPC, and
then click OK.
Important
You must scroll in the dialog box until you locate Which computers are in Endpoint 2.
Do not click Next until you have completed this step, or you won't be able to connect to
your server.
10. Confirm that all the settings you've specified are correct, and then click Next.
11. On the Authentication Method page, select Advanced, and then click Customize.
12. Under First authentication methods, click Add.
13. Select Pre-Shared key, enter the pre-shared key value from the configuration file, and click OK.
Important
If you are repeating this procedure for Tunnel 2, be sure to select the pre-shared key for
Tunnel 2.
197
14. Ensure that First authentication is optional is not selected, and click OK.
15. On the Authentication Method page, click Next.
16. On the Profile page, select all three check boxes: Domain, Private, and Public, and then click
Next.
17. On the Name page, enter a name for your connection rule, and then click Finish.
Repeat the above procedure, specifying the data for Tunnel 2 from your configuration file.
198
After you've finished, youll have two tunnels configured for your VPN connection.
2.3: Confirm the Tunnel Configuration

To confirm the tunnel configuration
1. In the Server Manager navigation pane, expand the Configuration node, expand Windows
Firewall with Advanced Security, and then click Connection Security Rules.
2. Verify the following for both tunnels:
Enabled is Yes
Authentication mode is Require inbound and clear outbound
Authentication method is Custom
Endpoint 1 port is Any
Protocol is Any
3. Double-click the security rule for your first tunnel.
4. On the Computers tab, verify the following:
Under Endpoint 1, the CIDR block range shown matches the CIDR block range of your
network.
Under Endpoint 2, the CIDR block range shown matches the CIDR block range of your VPC.
5. On the Authentication tab, under Method, click Customize, and verify that First authentication
methods contains the correct pre-shared key from your configuration file for the tunnel, and then
click OK.
6. On the Advanced tab, verify that Domain, Private, and Public are all selected.
7. Under IPsec tunneling, click Customize. Verify the following IPsec tunneling settings.
Use IPsec tunneling is selected.

Local tunnel endpoint (closest to Endpoint 1) contains the IP address of your server. If your
customer gateway is a Windows server instance, this is the instance's private IP address.
Remote tunnel endpoint (closest to Endpoint 2) contains the IP address of the virtual private
gateway for this tunnel.
8. Double-click the security rule for your second tunnel. Repeat steps 4 to 7 for this tunnel.
2.4: Configure the Windows Firewall

After setting up your security rules on your server, configure some basic IPsec settings to work with the
To configure the Windows firewall
1. In the Server Manager navigation pane, right-click Windows Firewall with Advanced Security,
and then click Properties.
2. Click the IPsec Settings tab.
3. Under IPsec exemptions, verify that Exempt ICMP from IPsec is No (default). Verify that IPsec
tunnel authorization is None.
4. Under IPsec defaults, click Customize.
5. In the Customize IPsec Settings dialog box, under Key exchange (Main Mode), select
Advanced and then click Customize.
6. In Customize Advanced Key Exchange Settings, under Security methods, verify that these
default values are used for the first entry.
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Integrity: SHA-1
Encryption: AES-CBC 128
Key exchange algorithm: Diffie-Hellman Group 2
Under Key lifetimes, verify that Minutes is 480 and Sessions is 0.
These settings correspond to these entries in the configuration file:
7. Under Key exchange options, select Use Diffie-Hellman for enhanced security, and then click
OK.
8. Under Data protection (Quick Mode), click Advanced, and then click Customize.
9. Click Require encryption for all connection security rules that use these settings.
10. Under Data integrity and encryption algorithms, leave the default values:
Protocol: ESP
Integrity: SHA-1
Lifetime: 60 minutes
These value correspond to the following entries from the configuration file.
QuickModeSecMethods:
ESP:SHA1-AES128+60min+100000kb,ESP:SHA1-3D ES+60min+100000kb
11. Click OK to return to the Customize IPsec Settings dialog box and click OK again to save the
configuration .
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Step 5: Enable Dead Gateway Detection

Next, you need to configure TCP to detect when a gateway becomes unavailable. You can do this by
modifying this registry key: HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters.
Do not perform this step until youve completed the preceding sections. After you change the registry
key, you must reboot the server.
To enable dead gateway detection
1. On the server, click Start, and then type regedit to start Registry Editor.
2. Expand HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, expand SYSTEM, expand CurrentControlSet, expand
Services, expand Tcpip, and then expand Parameters.
3. In the other pane, right-click, point to New, and select DWORD (32-bit) Value.
4. Enter the name EnableDeadGWDetect.
5. Right-click EnableDeadGWDetect, and click Modify.
6. In Value data, enter 1, and then click OK.
7. Close Registry Editor and reboot the server.
For more information, go to EnableDeadGWDetect in the Microsoft TechNet Library.
201
Step 6: Test the VPN Connection

To test that the VPN connection is working correctly, launch an instance into your VPC, and ensure
that it does not have an Internet connection. After you've launched the instance, ping its private IP
address from your Windows server. The VPN tunnel comes up when traffic is generated from the
customer gateway, therefore the ping command also initiates the VPN connection.
To launch an instance in your VPC and get its private IP address
1. Open the Amazon EC2 console, and click Launch Instance.

2. Select an Amazon Linux AMI, and select an instance type.
3. On the Step3: Configure Instance Details page, select your VPC from the Network list, and
select a subnet from the Subnet list. Ensure that you select the private subnet that you configured
in Configuring VPN Components for Your VPC (p. 190).
4. In the Auto-assign Public IP list, ensure that the setting is set to Disable.
5. Click Next until you get to the Step 6: Configure Security Group page. You can either select
an existing security group that you configured in the Prerequisites section (Configuring VPN
Components for Your VPC (p. 190)), or you can create a new security group and ensure that it has
a rule that allows all ICMP traffic from the IP address of your Windows server.
6. Complete the rest of the steps in the wizard, and launch your instance.
7. On the Instances page, select your instance. Get the private IP address in the Private IPs field on
the details pane.
Connect to or log on to your Windows server, open the command prompt, and then use the ping
command to ping your instance using its private IP address; for example:

Reply from 10.0.0.4: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=62

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
If the ping command fails, check the following information:
Ensure that you have configured your security group rules to allow ICMP to the instance in your
VPC. If your Windows server is an EC2 instance, ensure that its security group's outbound rules
allow IPsec traffic. For more information, see Prerequisites (p. 189).
Ensure that the operating system on the instance you are pinging is configured to respond to ICMP.
We recommend that you use one of the Amazon Linux AMIs.
If the instance you are pinging is a Windows instance, log in to the instance and enable inbound
ICMPv4 on the Windows firewall.
Ensure that you have configured the route tables for your VPC or your subnet correctly. For more
information, see Prerequisites (p. 189).
If your customer gateway is a Windows server instance, ensure that you've disabled source/
destination checking for the instance. For more information, see Prerequisites (p. 189).
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In the Amazon VPC console, on the VPN Connections page, select your VPN connection. The first
tunnel is in the UP state. The second tunnel should be configured, but it won't be used unless the first
tunnel goes down. It may take a few moments to establish the encrypted tunnels.
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Prerequisites
Configuring Windows Server 2012

R2 as a Customer Gateway
You can configure Windows Server 2012 R2 as a customer gateway for your VPC. Use the following
process whether you are running Windows Server 2012 R2 on an EC2 instance in a VPC, or on your
own server.
Topics
Prerequisites (p. 204)
Step 1: Create a VPN Connection (p. 206)
Step 2: Download the Configuration File for the VPN Connection (p. 206)
Step 3: Configure the Windows Server (p. 208)
Step 4: Set Up the VPN Tunnel (p. 209)
Step 5: Enable Dead Gateway Detection (p. 214)
Step 6: Test the VPN Connection (p. 215)
Prerequisites
Before you begin, ensure that you have configured your customer gateway and your VPN components.
Topics
Configuring Your Windows Server (p. 204)
Configuring VPN Components for Your VPC (p. 205)
Configuring Your Windows Server

To configure Windows Server as a customer gateway, ensure that you have the following:
Windows Server 2012 R2 on your own network, or on an EC2 instance in a VPC. If you use an EC2
instance that you launched from a Windows AMI, do the following:
Disable source/destination checking for the instance. For more information, see Changing the
Source/Destination Checking of a Network Interface.
204
Update your adapter settings. For more information, see Updating Your Windows Adapter
Settings (p. 205).
Associate an Elastic IP address with the instance. For more information, see Working with Elastic
IP Addresses. Take note of this address you will need it when you create the customer gateway
in your VPC.
Ensure the instance's security group rules allow outbound IPsec traffic. By default, a security
group allows all outbound traffic; however, if the security group's outbound rules have been
modified from their original state, you must create the following outbound custom protocol rules for
IPsec traffic: IP protocol 50, IP protocol 51, and UDP 500.
The CIDR range for your network in which the Windows server is located, for example,
172.31.0.0/16.
Updating Your Windows Adapter Settings

If you launched a Windows server instance from a current Windows AMI, you might not be able to
route traffic from other instances without updating your adapter settings.
To update your adapter settings
1. Connect to your Windows instance. For more information, see Connecting to Your Windows
Instance.
2. Open Control Panel, and start the Device Manager.
3. Expand the Network adapters node.
4. Select the AWS PV network device, choose Action, and then choose Properties.
5. On the Advanced tab, disable the IPv4 Checksum Offload, TCP Checksum Offload (IPv4), and
UDP Checksum Offload (IPv4) properties, and then choose OK.

To create a VPN connection from your VPC, ensure that you have a VPC, and take note of its CIDR
block; for example, 10.0.0.0/16. Then, do the following:
Create a customer gateway that specifies the IP address of the Windows server. Specify static
routing for the routing type. For more information, see Create a Customer Gateway.
Note
The IP address must be static and may be behind a device performing network address
translation (NAT). To ensure that NAT traversal (NAT-T) can function, you must adjust
your firewall rules to unblock UDP port 4500. If your customer gateway is an EC2 Windows
server instance, use its Elastic IP address.
Create a virtual private gateway, and attach it to your VPC. For more information, see Create a
Virtual Private Gateway.
Create a private subnet in your VPC (if you don't have one already) for launching instances that will
communicate with the Windows server. For more information, see Adding a Subnet to Your VPC.
Note
A private subnet is a subnet that does not have a route to an Internet gateway. The routing
for this subnet is described in the next item.
Update your route tables for the VPN connection:
Add a route to your private subnet's route table with the virtual private gateway as the target, and
the Windows server's network (CIDR range) as the destination.
Enable route propagation for the virtual private gateway. For more information, see Route Tables
in the Amazon VPC User Guide.
205
Create a security group configuration for your instances that allows communication between your
VPC and network:
Add rules that allow inbound RDP or SSH access from your network. This enables you to connect
to instances in your VPC from your network. For example, to allow computers in your network to
access Linux instances in your VPC, create an inbound rule with a type of SSH, and the source
set to the CIDR range of your network; for example, 172.31.0.0/16. For more information, see
Security Groups for Your VPC in the Amazon VPC User Guide.
Add a rule that allows inbound ICMP access from your network. This enables you to test your VPN
connection by pinging an instance in your VPC from your Windows server.

To create a VPN connection, you must first configure the required components for the VPN as
specified in the prerequisites section, Configuring VPN Components for Your VPC (p. 205). You
must also have the CIDR range for your network in which the Windows server is located, for example,
172.31.0.0/16.
To create a VPN connection

2. In the navigation pane, choose VPN Connections, and then Create VPN Connection.
3. Select the virtual private gateway and customer gateway from the lists. Select the Static routing
option, enter the Static IP Prefixes values for your network in CIDR notation, and then choose
Yes, Create.
Step 2: Download the Configuration File for the

VPN Connection
You can use the Amazon VPC console to download a Windows server configuration file for your VPN
connection.
To download the configuration file

2. In the navigation pane, choose VPN Connections.
3. Select your VPN connection, and then choose Download Configuration.
4. Select Microsoft as the vendor, Windows Server as the platform, and 2012 R2 as the software.
Choose Yes, Download. You can open the file or save it.
The configuration file contains a section of information similar to the following example. Youll see this
information presented twice, one time for each tunnel. You'll use this information when configuring the
Windows Server 2012 R2 server.
vgw-1a2b3c4d Tunnel1
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Tunnel Endpoint: 203.0.113.1
Remote Tunnel Endpoint: 203.83.222.237
Endpoint 1: [Your_Static_Route_IP_Prefix]
Endpoint 2: [Your_VPC_CIDR_Block]
Preshared key: xCjNLsLoCmKsakwcdoR9yX6GsEXAMPLE
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Step 2: Download the Configuration
File for the VPN Connection
Local Tunnel Endpoint
The IP address for the customer gatewayin this case, your Windows serverthat terminates the
VPN connection on your network's side. If your customer gateway is a Windows server instance,
this is the instance's private IP address.
Remote Tunnel Endpoint
One of two IP addresses for the virtual private gateway that terminates the VPN connection on the
AWS side of the connection.
Endpoint 1
The IP prefix that you specified as a static route when you created the VPN connection. These are
the IP addresses in your network that are allowed to use the VPN connection to access your VPC.
Endpoint 2
The IP address range (CIDR block) of the VPC attached to the virtual private gateway (for example
10.0.0.0/16).
Preshared key
The pre-shared key that is used to establish the IPsec VPN connection between Local Tunnel
Endpoint and Remote Tunnel Endpoint.
We suggest that you configure both tunnels as part of the VPN connection. Each tunnel connects to
a separate VPN concentrator on the Amazon side of the VPN connection. Although only one tunnel
at a time is up, the second tunnel automatically establishes itself if the first tunnel goes down. Having
redundant tunnels ensure continuous availability in the case of a device failure. Because only one
tunnel is available at a time, the Amazon VPC console indicates that one tunnel is down. This is
expected behavior, so there's no action required from you.
With two tunnels configured, if a device failure occurs within AWS, your VPN connection automatically
fails over to the second tunnel of the AWS virtual private gateway within a matter of minutes. When you
configure your customer gateway, it's important that you configure both tunnels.
Note
time. Your VPN connection automatically fails over to the second tunnel while we perform this
maintenance.
Additional information regarding the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) and IPsec Security Associations (SA)
is presented in the downloaded configuration file. Because the VPC VPN suggested settings are the
same as the Windows Server 2012 R2 default IPsec configuration settings, minimal work is needed on
your part.
MainModeSecMethods: DHGroup2-AES128-SHA1
MainModeKeyLifetime: 480min,0sess
QuickModeSecMethods: ESP:SHA1-AES128+60min+100000kb
QuickModePFS: DHGroup2
MainModeSecMethods
The encryption and authentication algorithms for the IKE SA. These are the suggested settings
connections.
MainModeKeyLifetime
The IKE SA key lifetime. This is the suggested setting for the VPN connection, and is the default
setting for Windows Server 2012 R2 IPsec VPN connections.
QuickModeSecMethods
The encryption and authentication algorithms for the IPsec SA. These are the suggested settings
connections.
207
QuickModePFS
We suggest that you use master key perfect forward secrecy (PFS) for your IPsec sessions.

Before you set up the VPN tunnel, you must install and configure Routing and Remote Access
Services on your Windows server to allow remote users to access resources on your network.
To install Routing and Remote Access Services on Windows Server 2012 R2
1. Log on to the Windows Server 2012 R2 server.

2. Go to the Start menu, and choose Server Manager.
3. Install Routing and Remote Access Services:
a. From the Manage menu, choose Add Roles and Features.

b. On the Before You Begin page, verify that your server meets the prerequisites, and then
choose Next.
c. Choose Role-based or feature-based installation, and then choose Next.
d. Choose Select a server from the server pool, select your Windows 2012 R2 server, and
then choose Next.
e. Select Network Policy and Access Services in the list. In the dialog box that displays,
choose Add Features to confirm the features that are required for this role.
f. In the same list, choose Remote Access, and then choose Next.
g. On the Select features page, choose Next.
h. On the Network Policy and Access Services page, choose Next. Leave Network Policy
Server selected, and choose Next.
i. On the Remote Access page, choose Next. On the next page, select DirectAccess and
VPN (RAS). In the dialog box that displays, choose Add Features to confirm the features that
are required for this role service. In the same list, select Routing, and then choose Next.
j. On the Web Server Role (IIS) page, choose Next. Leave the default selection, and choose
Next.
k. Choose Install. When the installation completes, choose Close.
To configure and enable Routing and Remote Access Server
1. On the dashboard, choose Notifications (the flag icon). There should be a task to complete the
post-deployment configuration. Choose the Open the Getting Started Wizard link.
2. Choose Deploy VPN only.
3. In the Routing and Remote Access dialog box, choose the server name, choose Action, and
select Configure and Enable Routing and Remote Access.
4. In the Routing and Remote Access Server Setup Wizard, on the first page, choose Next.
5. On the Configuration page, choose Custom Configuration and Next.
6. Choose LAN routing, Next, and Finish.
7. When prompted by the Routing and Remote Access dialog box, choose Start service.
208

You can configure the VPN tunnel by running the netsh scripts included in the downloaded
configuration file, or by using the New Connection Security Rule wizard on the Windows server.
Important
We suggest that you use master key perfect forward secrecy (PFS) for your IPsec
sessions. For more information, go to Key exchange settings in the Microsoft TechNet
Library. If you choose to run the netsh script, it includes a parameter to enable PFS
(qmpfs=dhgroup2). You cannot enable PFS using the Windows Server 2012 R2 user
interface you must enable it using the command line.
Option 1: Run netsh Script

Copy the netsh script from the downloaded configuration file and replace the variables. The following is
an example script.
netsh advfirewall consec add rule Name="vgw-1a2b3c4d Tunnel 1" ^

Enable=Yes Profile=any Type=Static Mode=Tunnel ^
LocalTunnelEndpoint=Windows_Server_Private_IP_address ^
RemoteTunnelEndpoint=203.83.222.236 Endpoint1=Your_Static_Route_IP_Prefix ^
Endpoint2=Your_VPC_CIDR_Block Protocol=Any Action=RequireInClearOut ^
Auth1=ComputerPSK Auth1PSK=xCjNLsLoCmKsakwcdoR9yX6GsEXAMPLE ^
QMSecMethods=ESP:SHA1-AES128+60min+100000kb ^
ExemptIPsecProtectedConnections=No ApplyAuthz=No QMPFS=dhgroup2
Name: You can replace the suggested name (vgw-1a2b3c4d Tunnel 1) with a name of your
choice.
LocalTunnelEndpoint: Enter the private IP address of the Windows server on your network.
Endpoint1: The CIDR block of your network on which the Windows server resides, for example,
172.31.0.0/16.
Endpoint2: The CIDR block of your VPC or a subnet in your VPC, for example, 10.0.0.0/16.
Run the updated script in a command prompt window on your Windows server. (The ^ enables you
to cut and paste wrapped text at the command line.) To set up the second VPN tunnel for this VPN
connection, repeat the process using the second netsh script in the configuration file.
When you are done, go to 2.4: Configure the Windows Firewall (p. 213).
For more information about the netsh parameters, go to Netsh AdvFirewall Consec Commands in the
Microsoft TechNet Library.

You can also use the Windows server user interface to set up the VPN tunnel. This section guides you
through the steps.
Important
You can't enable master key perfect forward secrecy (PFS) using the Windows Server 2012
R2 user interface. You must enable PFS using the command line, as described in Enable
Master Key Perfect Forward Secrecy (p. 212).
Topics
209
2.1: Configure a Security Rule for a VPN Tunnel (p. 210)

2.3: Confirm the Tunnel Configuration (p. 212)
Enable Master Key Perfect Forward Secrecy (p. 212)
2.1: Configure a Security Rule for a VPN Tunnel

In this section, you configure a security rule on your Windows server to create a VPN tunnel.
To configure a security rule for a VPN tunnel
1. Open Server Manager, choose Tools, and select Windows Firewall with Advanced Security.
2. Select Connection Security Rules, choose Action, and then New Rule.
3. In the New Connection Security Rule wizard, on the Rule Type page, choose Tunnel, and then
choose Next.
4. On the Tunnel Type page, under What type of tunnel would you like to create, choose
Custom configuration. Under Would you like to exempt IPsec-protected connections from
this tunnel, leave the default value checked (No. Send all network traffic that matches this
connection security rule through the tunnel), and then choose Next.
5. On the Requirements page, choose Require authentication for inbound connections. Do not
establish tunnels for outbound connections, and then choose Next.
6. On Tunnel Endpoints page, under Which computers are in Endpoint 1, choose Add. Enter
the CIDR range of your network (behind your Windows server customer gateway; for example,
172.31.0.0/16 ), and then choose OK. (Note that the range can include the IP address of your
customer gateway.)
7. Under What is the local tunnel endpoint (closest to computer in Endpoint 1), choose Edit. In
the IPv4 address field, enter the private IP address of your Windows server, and then choose OK.
8. Under What is the remote tunnel endpoint (closest to computers in Endpoint 2), choose Edit.
In the IPv4 address field, enter the IP address of the virtual private gateway for Tunnel 1 from the
configuration file (see Remote Tunnel Endpoint), and then choose OK.
Important
If you are repeating this procedure for Tunnel 2, be sure to select the endpoint for Tunnel
2.
9. Under Which computers are in Endpoint 2, choose Add. In the This IP address or subnet
field, enter the CIDR block of your VPC, and then choose OK.
Important
You must scroll in the dialog box until you locate Which computers are in Endpoint 2.
Do not choose Next until you have completed this step, or you won't be able to connect to
your server.
210
10. Confirm that all the settings you've specified are correct, and then choose Next.
11. On the Authentication Method page, select Advanced, and then choose Customize.
12. Under First authentication methods, choose Add.
13. Select Preshared key, enter the pre-shared key value from the configuration file, and choose OK.
Important
If you are repeating this procedure for Tunnel 2, be sure to select the pre-shared key for
Tunnel 2.
14. Ensure that First authentication is optional is not selected, and choose OK.
15. Choose Next.
16. On the Profile page, select all three checkboxes: Domain, Private, and Public, and then choose
Next.
211
17. On the Name page, enter a name for your connection rule; for example, VPN to AWS Tunnel 1,
and then choose Finish.
Repeat the above procedure, specifying the data for Tunnel 2 from your configuration file.
After you've finished, youll have two tunnels configured for your VPN connection.
2.3: Confirm the Tunnel Configuration

To confirm the tunnel configuration
1. Open Server Manager, choose Tools, select Windows Firewall with Advanced Security, and
then select Connection Security Rules.
2. Verify the following for both tunnels:
Enabled is Yes
Endpoint 1 is the CIDR block for your network
Endpoint 2 is the CIDR block of your VPC
Authentication mode is Require inbound and clear outbound
Authentication method is Custom
Protocol is Any
3. Select the first rule and choose Properties.
4. On the Authentication tab, under Method, choose Customize, and verify that First
authentication methods contains the correct pre-shared key from your configuration file for the
tunnel, and then choose OK.
5. On the Advanced tab, verify that Domain, Private, and Public are all selected.
6. Under IPsec tunneling, choose Customize. Verify the following IPsec tunneling settings, and
then choose OK and OK again to close the dialog box.
Use IPsec tunneling is selected.

Local tunnel endpoint (closest to Endpoint 1) contains the IP address of your Windows
server. If your customer gateway is an EC2 instance, this is the instance's private IP address.
Remote tunnel endpoint (closest to Endpoint 2) contains the IP address of the virtual private
gateway for this tunnel.
7. Open the properties for your second tunnel. Repeat steps 4 to 7 for this tunnel.
Enable Master Key Perfect Forward Secrecy

You can enable master key perfect forward secrecy by using the command line. You cannot enable
this feature using the user interface.
To enable master key perfect forward secrecy
1. In your Windows server, open a new command prompt window.

2. Type the following command, replacing rule_name with the name you gave the first connection
rule.
netsh advfirewall consec set rule name="rule_name" new QMPFS=dhgroup2

QMSecMethods=ESP:SHA1-AES128+60min+100000kb
212
3. Repeat step 2 for the second tunnel, this time replacing rule_name with the name that you gave
the second connection rule.

After setting up your security rules on your server, configure some basic IPsec settings to work with the
To configure the Windows firewall
1. Open Server Manager, choose Tools, select Windows Firewall with Advanced Security, and
then choose Properties.
2. On the IPsec Settings tab, under IPsec exemptions, verify that Exempt ICMP from IPsec is No
(default). Verify that IPsec tunnel authorization is None.
3. Under IPsec defaults, choose Customize.
4. Under Key exchange (Main Mode), select Advanced and then choose Customize.
5. In Customize Advanced Key Exchange Settings, under Security methods, verify that these
default values are used for the first entry.
Integrity: SHA-1
Key exchange algorithm: Diffie-Hellman Group 2
Under Key lifetimes, verify that Minutes is 480 and Sessions is 0.
These settings correspond to these entries in the configuration file:
6. Under Key exchange options, select Use Diffie-Hellman for enhanced security, and then
choose OK.
7. Under Data protection (Quick Mode), select Advanced, and then choose Customize.
8. Select Require encryption for all connection security rules that use these settings.
9. Under Data integrity and encryption, leave the default values:
Protocol: ESP
Integrity: SHA-1
Lifetime: 60 minutes
These value correspond to the following entry from the configuration file.
QuickModeSecMethods:
ESP:SHA1-AES128+60min+100000kb
10. Choose OK to return to the Customize IPsec Settings dialog box and choose OK again to save
the configuration .
213

Next, you need to configure TCP to detect when a gateway becomes unavailable. You can do this by
modifying this registry key: HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters.
Do not perform this step until youve completed the preceding sections. After you change the registry
key, you must reboot the server.
To enable dead gateway detection
1. From your Windows server, launch the command prompt or a PowerShell session, and type
regedit to start Registry Editor.
2. Expand HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, expand SYSTEM, expand CurrentControlSet, expand
Services, expand Tcpip, and then expand Parameters.
3. From the Edit menu, select New and select DWORD (32-bit) Value.
4. Enter the name EnableDeadGWDetect.
5. Select EnableDeadGWDetect, and choose Modify from the Edit menu.
6. In Value data, enter 1, and then choose OK.
7. Close the Registry Editor and reboot the server.
For more information, go to EnableDeadGWDetect in the Microsoft TechNet Library.
214

To test that the VPN connection is working correctly, launch an instance into your VPC, and ensure
that it does not have an Internet connection. After you've launched the instance, ping its private IP
address from your Windows server. The VPN tunnel comes up when traffic is generated from the
customer gateway, therefore the ping command also initiates the VPN connection.
To launch an instance in your VPC and get its private IP address
1. Open the Amazon EC2 console, and choose Launch Instance.

2. Select an Amazon Linux AMI, and select an instance type.
3. On the Step 3: Configure Instance Details page, select your VPC from the Network list, and
select a subnet from the Subnet list. Ensure that you select the private subnet that you configured
in Prerequisites (p. 204).
4. In the Auto-assign Public IP list, ensure that the setting is set to Disable.
5. Choose Next until you get to the Step 6: Configure Security Group page. You can
either select an existing security group that you configured in the Prerequisites section
(Prerequisites (p. 204)), or you can create a new security group and ensure that it has a rule that
allows all ICMP traffic from the IP address of your Windows server.
6. Complete the rest of the steps in the wizard, and launch your instance.
7. On the Instances page, select your instance. Get the private IP address in the Private IPs field on
the details pane.
Connect to or log on to your Windows server, open the command prompt, and then use the ping
command to ping your instance using its private IP address; for example:


Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
If the ping command fails, check the following information:
Ensure that you have configured your security group rules to allow ICMP to the instance in your
VPC. If your Windows server is an EC2 instance, ensure that its security group's outbound rules
allow IPsec traffic. For more information, see Prerequisites (p. 204).
Ensure that the operating system on the instance you are pinging is configured to respond to ICMP.
We recommend that you use one of the Amazon Linux AMIs.
If the instance you are pinging is a Windows instance, connect to the instance and enable inbound
ICMPv4 on the Windows firewall.
Ensure that you have configured the route tables correctly for your VPC or your subnet . For more
information, see Prerequisites (p. 204).
If your customer gateway is a Windows server instance, ensure that you've disabled source/
destination checking for the instance. For more information, see Prerequisites (p. 204).
215
In the Amazon VPC console, on the VPN Connections page, select your VPN connection. The first
tunnel is in the UP state. The second tunnel should be configured, but it won't be used unless the first
tunnel goes down. It may take a few moments to establish the encrypted tunnels.
216
Document History
The following table describes the important changes in each release of this Amazon VPC guide.
Change Description Release Date
VPN enhancements A VPN connection now supports the AES 256-bit encryption 28 October
function, SHA-256 hashing function, NAT traversal, and 2015
additional Diffie-Hellman groups during Phase 1 and Phase
2 of a connection. In addition, you can now use the same
customer gateway IP address for each VPN connection that
uses the same customer gateway device.
VPN connections With this release, you can now create IPsec VPN 13 September
using static routing connections to Amazon VPC using static routing 2012
configuration configurations. Previously, VPN connections required the
use of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). We now support
both types of connections and you can now establish
connectivity from devices that do not support BGP, including
Cisco ASA and Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2.
Automatic route You can now configure automatic propagation of routes 13 September
propagation from your VPN and Direct Connect links to your VPC 2012
routing tables. This feature simplifies the effort to create and
maintain connectivity to Amazon VPC.
AWS VPN CloudHub With this release, the network administrator's guide has 29 September
and redundant VPN been updated with information about AWS VPN CloudHub, 2011
connections which you can use to securely communicate from one site to
another with or without a VPC, and updated with information
about using redundant VPN connections to provide a fault-
tolerant connection to your VPC.
VPC Everywhere With this release, the network administrator's guide has 03 August
been rewritten to reflect the new features available in the 2011
2011-07-15 API version.
Added MTU Support Added information about support for Maximum Transmission 04 May 2011
Information Unit (MTU). For more information, see the Bind tunnel
to logical interface (route-based VPN) requirement in
Requirements for Your Customer Gateway (p. 8).
217
Change Description Release Date
Updates to Updated the configuration templates to include information 15 February

Configuration about encrypting packages after fragmentation. Also 2011
Templates removed information about VRF from the Cisco configuration
and removed information about the routing instance (RI)
from the Juniper JunOS configuration.
218

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Network Administrator Guide

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud: Network Administrator Guide

How to Test the Customer Gateway Configuration ................................................................... 78

BGP ........................................................................................................................ 178

For more information, see the following topics:

Your Customer Gateway (p. 2)

Your Customer Gateway

What Is a Customer Gateway?

Summary of What You Need to Do

Process for Configuring the Customer Gateway

2 Determine the following information about the customer gateway:

4 Get the configuration information from the integration team.

Determining Your Network Information

Item How Used Comments Your Value

VPC CIDR block Used in a customer Example:

Subnet #1 CIDR block Example:

Item How Used Comments Your Value

(Optional) Subnet #2 Example:

Customer gateway Used in an API

Internet-routable Used in customer The value must be

(Optional) Border Used in customer You can use an

Four Main Parts to Customer Gateway

Tunnel interface (receives traffic going to and from the tunnel)

AWS VPN CloudHub and Redundant Customer

Configuring Multiple VPN Connections to Your

The following diagram shows the configuration of multiple VPNs.

Customer Gateway Devices We've Tested

Check Point Security Gateway running R77.10 (or later) software

Requirements for Your Customer Gateway

Requirement RFC Comments

Requirement RFC Comments

Technique RFC Comments

If You Have a Firewall Between the Internet and

Inbound (from the Internet)

Source IP Virtual Private Gateway 1

Dest IP Customer Gateway

Source Port 500

Source IP Virtual Private Gateway 2

Dest IP Customer Gateway

Source Port 500

Destination Port 500

Source IP Virtual Private Gateway 1

Dest IP Customer Gateway

Source IP Virtual Private Gateway 2

Dest IP Customer Gateway

Outbound (to the Internet)

Source IP Customer Gateway

Dest IP Virtual Private Gateway 1

Source Port 500

Destination Port 500

Source IP Customer Gateway

Dest IP Virtual Private Gateway 2

Source Port 500

Destination Port 500

Source IP Customer Gateway

Dest IP Virtual Private Gateway 1

Source IP Customer Gateway

Dest IP Virtual Private Gateway 2