6BI01 01 Que 20160526
6BI01 01 Que 20160526
6BI01 01 Que 20160526
Instructions
Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
Information
The total mark for this paper is 80.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
Questions
use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of
your written communication will be assessed
you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to
answer it.
Keep an eye on the time.
Try to answer every question.
Turn over
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
P46640A *P46640A0128*
2016 Pearson Education
Ltd.
2/3/3/3/
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C-T-A-A-C-T-G-C
This transcription error results in an mRNA molecule with the
following sequence. (1)
A C-A-T-T-G-A-C-G
B G-A-U-U-C-A-C-G
C G-A-U-U-G-A-C-G
D G-T-U-U-G-U-C-G
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(iii) The following stages occur in the production of a protein from a section of DNA:
1. the mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus
2. peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids
3. the base sequence is transcribed
4. the tRNA anticodons pair with the mRNA codons.
The sequence of events occurs in the following order.
(1)
A 1 3 4 2
B 2 4 1 3
C 3 1 4 2
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D 3 4 1 2
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(ii) State the number of different tRNA molecules that would be used to
produce the polypeptide chain from this part of the messenger RNA (1)
molecule.
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2 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is named from the Latin word for scurvy, scorbutus.
Scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency and used to be a serious concern for
sailors. These sailors had no access to fresh fruit and vegetables during long sea
voyages.
Sauerkraut (fermented cabbage) contains vitamin C. Ships stored sauerkraut
because it does not decompose easily.
Vitamin C is water soluble and is found in cabbage cells. These cells also contain
an enzyme, ascorbic acid oxidase, that can oxidise vitamin C.
The table below shows the vitamin C content of sauerkraut and cabbage, treated in
different ways.
Vitamin C
Food Treatment
content
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/ mg per 100 g
Sauerkra freshly made 41.4
ut
Sauerkra stored for 3 months 10.2
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Cabbage raw 32.2
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(c) (i) Suggest why the vitamin C content is reduced by boiling cabbage in (2)
water.
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(ii) Suggest why less vitamin C is lost when the cabbage is added to boiling
water rather than cold water before being boiled for 5 minutes. (1)
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(d) Suggest why sauerkraut was more useful than cabbage on a long sea (1)
voyage.
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(ii) Using a genetic diagram, find the probability that the next child born
to parents 3 and 4 would be affected by moyamoya. (3)
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Probability ................................
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Name the type of chemical reaction that joins monosaccharides together to form an amylose
molecule. (1)
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(ii) Name the chemical bond that is formed between the monosaccharides in an
amylose molecule. (1)
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(iii) Describe one structural difference between amylose and glycogen. (1)
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5 Blood clots can form if the lining of an artery becomes damaged and
affected by atherosclerosis. D
One cause of a myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a blood clot in a coronary O
N
artery that supplies the muscle of the heart with blood.
O
(a) Read through the following passage about the blood clotting process then T
W
write on the dotted lines the most appropriate words to complete the (3) RI
passage. T
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The cell fragments called . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . stick to the site of damaged T
tissue. HI
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This causes thromboplastin to be released, resulting in
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(c) One risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a high concentration of
blood cholesterol.
(i) The table below shows the death rate due to CVD and the ratio of fatty
acids in the diet for four countries.
Using the information in the table, describe the relationship between the
ratio of fatty acids in the diet and the death rate from CVD. (3)
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(d) Studies of CVD patterns between different countries suggest that there is a
link between CVD and diet.
Suggest why such studies may not prove the link between CVD and diet. (2)
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6 The fluid mosaic model explains our current knowledge of the structure of
cell membranes and the movement of molecules in and out of cells.
The diagram below illustrates some of the components of the fluid mosaic model.
Protein Glycoprotein
Phospholipid
Cholesterol
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(a) For each of the statements below, put a crossin the box that corresponds
to the correct sentence.
Osmosis is an example of (1)
A active transport
B mass transport
C movement of a solute down a concentration gradient
D passive transport
Endocytosis (1)
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(b) A student investigated the movement of molecules into red blood cells. He
placed red blood cells into a solution of molecule W.
D
He then measured the concentration of W inside the cells over a period O
of 15 minutes. N
O
The graph below shows the results of this investigation. T
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Using the information in the graph, describe the uptake of molecule W into the red blood cells
during the 15 minutes of this investigation. (3)
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(ii) From his results, the student concluded that molecule W was taken
up by diffusion.
Using the information in the graph, give an explanation for his (2)
conclusion.
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Alveoli
Blood flow
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Blood flow
Capillary network
On the diagram, add a line labelled P to a branch of the pulmonary vein. (1)
Give one difference between the structure of a capillary and the structure of a vein.
(1)
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8% oxygen Capillary
7% carbon dioxide
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Using the information in the diagram, explain the difference in the N
rate of diffusion of these gases. (2) O
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(c) Ficks law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion is proportional to the
surface area, the difference in concentration and the length of the diffusion
pathway.
This law is represented by the following formula.
*Using the information given in the question and your own knowledge,
explain how rapid gaseous exchange takes place in a mammal. (5)
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8 Haemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that helps transport oxygen in
the blood.
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In sickle cell anaemia, the presence of the allele (a) in place of the normal allele O
(A) results in a change of one amino acid in the haemoglobin molecule. N
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This mutation changes the properties of haemoglobin and can result in red T
blood cells becoming less flexible and blocking small blood vessels. W
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The frequency of the recessive allele (a) is much higher in populations in West
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Africa than in populations in Northern Europe. E
People in West Africa have a much higher risk of being infected with malaria IN
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parasites and developing severe anaemia than people in Northern Europe.
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People who are heterozygous for sickle cell anaemia have sufficient amounts of S
normal haemoglobin to prevent severe anaemia.
One theory suggests that the malaria parasite (Plasmodium sp.) causes red
blood cells with any modified haemoglobin to rupture. This occurs before the
parasite can reproduce.
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*(a) In West Africa, the average life expectancies of people with genotypes AA, O
Aa or N
aa are different. O
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(i) Using the information above, give an explanation for the difference in W
(2)
life expectancy of people who do not have the recessive allele. RI
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(ii) Using the information above, give an explanation for the difference in
life expectancy of people in West Africa who have the genotype Aa. (2)
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*(b) Explain how a change of one amino acid can lead to a change in the
structure and properties of the haemoglobin protein. (4)
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