Newbold Stat8 Ism 07
Newbold Stat8 Ism 07
Newbold Stat8 Ism 07
b. Assuming normality, the unbiased and most efficient point estimator for the population
mean is the sample mean:
X
X i 1705 = 60.89
n 28
c. Assuming normality, the sample mean is an unbiased estimator of the population mean with
2
variance Var ( X ) . Also, assuming normality, the unbiased and most efficient point
n
estimator for the population variance is the sample variance, s 2 .
d. Thus, the unbiased point estimate of the variance of the sample mean:
s 2 (5.231)2
Var ( X ) .9771
n 28
b. Assuming normality, the unbiased and most efficient point estimator for the population
mean is the sample mean, X .
X
X i 2411 301.375 thousand dollars
n 8
c. Assuming normality, the sample mean is an unbiased estimator of the population mean with
2
variance Var ( X ) . Also, assuming normality, the unbiased and most efficient point
n
estimator for the population variance is the sample variance, s 2 .
s 2 8373.125
Var ( X ) 1046.64
n 8
d. The unbiased and most efficient point estimator for a proportion is the sample
proportion, p .
x 3
p 0.375
n 8
7.3 n = 10 economists forecast for percentage growth in real GDP in the next year
X
X i 25.7 2.57
n 10
b. The unbiased point estimate of the population variance: s 2 .0512
c. Unbiased point estimate of the variance of the sample mean
s 2 .0512
Var ( X ) .00512
n 10
x 7
d. Unbiased estimate of the population proportion: p .70
n 10
X
X i 293 24.42
n 12
b. The unbiased point estimate of the population variance: s 2 85.72
c. Unbiased point estimate of the variance of the sample mean
s 2 85.72
Var ( X ) 7.1433
n 12
x 3
d. Unbiased estimate of the population proportion: p .25
n 12
X
X i 4, 428, 043 $12,651.55
n 350
b. Unbiased point estimate of the population variance
s 2 $28,192, 687.10
c. Unbiased point estimate of the variance of the sample mean
s 2 28,192, 687.10
Var ( X ) $80,550.53
n 350
d. Unbiased estimate of the population proportion
x 133
p .38
n 350
7.6 a.
b. The minimum variance unbiased point estimate of the population mean is the sample
mean: X
X i 285.59 3.8079
n 75
Descriptive Statistics: Volumes
Variable N Mean Median TrMean StDev SE Mean
Volumes 75 3.8079 3.7900 3.8054 0.1024 0.0118
c. The minimum variance unbiased point estimate of the population variance is the sample
variance s2 = 0.10242 = .0105.
1 1
7.7 a. E ( X ) E( X1 ) E( X 2 )
2 2 2 2
1 3 3
E (Y ) E ( X 1 ) E ( X 2 )
4 4 4 4
1 2 2
E (Z ) E ( X1 ) E ( X 2 )
3 3 3 3
1 1 2 2 2
b. Var ( X ) Var ( X 1 ) Var ( X 2 )
4 4 4 4 2
1 9 5 2
Var (Y ) Var ( X 1 ) Var ( X 2 )
16 16 8
1 4 5 2
Var ( Z ) Var ( X 1 ) Var ( X 2 )
9 9 9
X is most efficient since Var ( X ) Var ( Z ) Var (Y )
Var (Y ) 5
c. Relative efficiency between Y and X : 1.25
Var ( X ) 4
Var ( Z ) 10
Relative efficiency between Z and X : 1.111
Var ( X ) 9
b. Calculate the margin of error of the 90% confidence interval for the population mean
ME z 2 = 1.645(.5) = .8225
n
c. Calculate the width of the 98% confidence interval for the population mean
7.20 Find the LCL and UCL for each of the following:
a. = .05, n = 25, sample mean = 560, s = 45
x tv, 2 s = 560 2.064 45
= 541.424 to 578.576
n 25
b. / 2 = .05, n = 9, sample mean = 160, sample variance = 36
x tv, 2 s = 160 1.860 6 = 156.28 to 163.72
n 9
c. 1 = .98, n = 22, sample mean = 58, s = 15
x tv, 2 s = 58 2.518 15
= 49.9474 to 66.0526
n 22
7.21 n = 16, sample mean = 47,500 miles, sample standard deviation = 4,200 miles
a. Calculate the margin of error for 95% confidence level to estimate the population
mean;
ME tv , 2 s = 2.131 4200 = 2237.55
n 16
b. 90% confidence interval:
x tv, 2 s = 47500 1.753 4200
= 45,659.35 miles to 49,340.65 miles
n 16
One-Sample T: HEI-2005_day2
b. Narrower since a smaller value of t will be used in generating the 80% confidence
interval.
b. Narrower since the t-score will be smaller for a 90% confidence interval than for a
99% confidence interval.
7.30 Find the margin of error to estimate the population proportion for each of the following:
a. n = 350, p = .3, = .01
p (1 p ) .3(.7)
ME z 2 2.576 = .0631
n 350
b. n = 275, p = .45, = .05
p (1 p ) .45(.55)
ME z 2 1.96 = .0588
n 275
c. n = 500, p = .05, = .10
p (1 p ) .05(.95)
ME z 2 1.645 = .01603
n 500
7.31 Find the confidence level for estimating the population proportion for each of the following:
x 133
7.35 p .38
n 350
n 350, p 133 / 350 .38, .02
p (1 p ) .38(.62)
p z / 2 = .38 2.33 = .3195 up to .4405
n 350
102 1200 80
7.51 a. 2
1.1676
x
80 1200 1
64 1425 90
b. x2 0.6667
90 1425 1
129 3200 200
c. x2 0.6049
200 3200 1
x t n 1, / 2 x x t n 1, / 2 x
142 (1.990)(1.0806) 142 (1.990)(1.0806)
or (139.85, 144.15)
x t n 1, / 2 x x t n 1, / 2 x
232.4 (1.987)(0.8165) 232.4 (1.987)(0.8165)
or (230.78, 234.02)
x t n 1, / 2 x x t n 1, / 2 x
59.3 (1.972)(0.7777) 59.3 (1.972)(0.7777)
or (57.77, 60.83)
7.53 a. A 100(1 )% confidence interval for the population total is obtained from the
following formula:
Nx tn 1, /2 N x N Nx tn 1, /2 N x
As stated, N 1325, n 121, s 20, and x 182.
For a 95% confidence level, note that tn 1, / 2 t120,0.025 1.98. Next calculate N x .
Ns N n (1325)( 20) 1325 121
N x 2297.325
n N 1 121 1325 1
Nx tn 1, /2 N x N Nx tn 1, /2 N x
or
(1325)(182) (1.98)( 2297.325) N (1325)(182) (1.98)( 2297.325)
or
(236601, 245699)
Nx tn 1, /2 N x N Nx tn 1, /2 N x
or
(2100)(1325) (2.35)(8446.684) N (2100)(1325) (2.35)(8446.684)
or
(2762650, 2802350)
7.54 a A 100(1 )% confidence interval for the population proportion is obtained from the
following formula:
p z / 2 p P p z / 2 p
As stated, N 1058, n 160, and x 40.
For a 95% confidence level, note that z / 2 z0.025 1.96. Next calculate p and p .
x 40
p 0.25
n 160
p (1 p ) ( N n) 0.25(1 0.25) 1058 160
p2 0.0010019
n 1 ( N 1) 160 1 1058 1
p 0.0010019 0.03165
p z / 2 p P p z / 2 p
or
0.25 (1.96)(0.03165) P 0.25 (1.96)(0.03165)
or
(0.188, 0.312)
p z / 2 p P p z / 2 p
or
0.6173 (2.576)(0.05173) P 0.6173 (2.576)(0.05173)
or
(0.484, 0.751)
7.57 a. x 127.43
s 2 N n (43.27)2 760
b. x
2
= 28.9569
n N 1 60 819
c. 90% confidence interval: 127.43 1.671 ( 28.9569 ) = (118.438, 136.422)
7.59 a. false: as n increases, the confidence interval becomes narrower for a given N and s2
b. true
c. true: the finite population correction factor is larger to account for the fact that a
smaller proportion of the population is represented as N increases relative to n.
d. true
Therefore, 128.646 < NP < 196.854 or between 129 and 197 students intend to take the
final.
b. n 2
= = 384.16. Take a sample of size n = 385.
ME .052
c. In order to reduce the ME in half, the sample size must be increased by a larger
proportion.
N 2
7.71 Use the equation n to find the sample size needed.
( N 1) x2 2
50
a. Since 1.96 x 50, x 25.51.
1.96
N 2 (1650)(500) 2
n 311.8, take n 312
( N 1) x2 2 (1650 1)(25.51) 2 (500) 2
100
b. Since 1.96 x 100, x 51.02.
1.96
N 2 (1650)(500)2
n 90.8, take n 91
( N 1) x2 2 (1650 1)(51.02)2 (500)2
200
c. Since 1.96 x 200, x 102.04.
1.96
N 2 (1650)(500)2
n 23.7, take n 24
( N 1) x2 2 (1650 1)(102.04)2 (500)2
d. The required sample size for part (b) is larger than that for part (c), and the required
sample size for part (a) is larger than that for parts (b) and (c). This shows that the
required sample size increases as 1.96 X decreases. Thus, the required sample size
increases as the desired standard deviation, X , and the desired variance, X2 , of the
sample mean decreases.
N 2
7.72 Use the equation n to find the sample size needed.
( N 1) x2 2
50
a. Since 1.96 x 50, x 25.51.
1.96
N 2 (3300)(500) 2
n 344.2 , take n 345
( N 1) x2 2 (3300 1)( 25.51) 2 (500) 2
N 2 (4950)(500)2
n 356.6, take n 357
( N 1) x2 2 (4950 1)(25.51)2 (500)2
N 2 (5000000)(500) 2
n 384.1, take n 385
( N 1) x2 2 (5000000 1)(25.51) 2 (500) 2
d. The required sample size for part (b) is larger than that for part (a), and the required
sample size for part (c) is larger than that for parts (a) and (b). This shows that the
required sample size increases as N increases.
0.25 N
7.73 Use the equation nmax to find the maximum sample size needed.
( N 1) p2 0.25
0.05
a. Since 1.96 p 0.05, p 0.02551.
1.96
0.25 N 0.25(2500)
nmax 333.1, take n 334
( N 1) p 0.25 (2500 1)(0.02551)2 0.25
2
0.03
b. Since 1.96 p 0.03, p 0.015306.
1.96
0.25 N 0.25(2500)
nmax 748.1, take n 749
( N 1) p 0.25 (2500 1)(0.015306) 2 0.25
2
c. The sample size for part (b) is larger than that for part (a). This shows that the required
sample size increases as 1.96 p decreases. Thus, the sample size increases as the desired
standard deviation, p , and the desired variance, p2 , of the sample proportion decreases.
2000 812(20000)2
7.74 x 1020.4 , n 261.0038 . Take 262 observations.
1.96 811(1020.4)2 (20000)2
2000
7.75 x 1215.8055
1.645
N 2 (400)(10, 000) 2
n = 57.988. Take 58 observations.
( N 1) x 2 (399)(1215.8055) (10, 000)
2 2 2
.05
7.76 p .0194
2.575
.25 N (.25)320
n 216.18 = 217 observations.
( N 1) p .25 319(.0194)2 .25
2
.04 417(.25)
7.77 p .0243 , n 210.33 = 211 observations.
1.645 416(.0243)2 .25
One-Sample T: Passengers7_68
Variable N Mean StDev SE Mean 95.0% CI
Passengers8_ 50 136.22 24.44 3.46 ( 129.27, 143.17)
7.83 a. The minimum variance unbiased point estimator of the population mean is the
sample mean: X
X i 27 3.375. The unbiased point estimate of the variance:
n 8
s2
xi nx 94.62 8(3.375)2 .4993
2 2
n 1 7
x 3
b. p .375
n 8
7.87 n = 25 patient records the average length of stay is 6 days with a standard deviation of 1.8
days
a. The reliability factor for a 95% interval estimate, t24,.025 2.064
b. The LCL for a 99% confidence interval estimate of the population mean
ME t 2 s = 2.797 1.8 . The LCL = 4.9931 days.
n 25
x 100
7.88 n = 250, x = 100, p .4
n 250
a. The standard error to estimate population proportion of first timers
p (1 p ) .4(1 .4)
= .03098
n 250
b. Since no confidence level is specified, we find the sampling error (Margin of Error) for a
95% confidence interval.
ME = 1.96 (.03098) = .0607
c. For a 92% confidence interval,
ME = 1.75 (.03098) = .05422
92% confidence interval for estimating the proportion of repeat fans,
.6 .05422 giving .5458 up to .6542.
7.90 n = 500 motor vehicle registrations, 200 were mailed, 160 paid in person, remainder paid
online.
a. 90% confidence interval to estimate the population proportion to pay for vehicle
registration renewals in person.
7.91 From the data in 7.90, find the confidence level if the interval extends from 0.34 up to
0.46.
ME = the width of the confidence interval = (0.46 0.34)/2 = 0.12 / 2 = 0.06
p (1 p ) (0.4)(0.6)
ME z 2 or 0.06 z 2
n 500
Solving for z: z 2 2 .74
Area from the z-table = (.5 .0031) 2 = .4969 2 = .9938. The confidence level is
99.38%
7.92 From the data in 7.90, find the confidence level if the interval extends from 23.7% up to
32.3%.
ME = the width of the confidence interval = (.323 .237)/2 = .086 / 2 = .043 and p .28
p (1 p )
ME z 2
n
.28(1 .28)
.043 z 2
500
solving for z: z 2 2.14
Area from the z-table = (.5 .0162) 2 = .4838 2 = .9676. The confidence level is
96.76%
b. The margin of error will be smaller (more precise) for a lower confidence level. The
difference in the equation is the value for z which would drop from 2.58 down to 1.96.
7.94 The 98% confidence interval of the mean age of online renewal users. n = 460, sample
mean = 42.6, s = 5.4.
x t 2 s = 42.6 2.33 5.4 = 42.6 .58664 = 42.0134 up to
43.18664
n 460
747 (11.44)2 90 10
7.95 a. x 74.7 , s = 11.44, 2x 11.766
10 10 90 1
90% confidence interval: 74.7 1.833 11.766 : 68.412 up to 80.988
(149.92)2 272 50
7.96 a. 2x 368.242
50 272 1
99% confidence interval for the population mean:
492.36 2.68 368.242
440.9319 up to 543.7881
36 .6(.4) 148 60
7.97 p .6 , 2p .0024
60 60 1 148 1
95% confidence interval: .6 1.96 .0024 : .504 up to .696
z2 /2 2 (1.642 )(72.677 2 )
We know that n0 3.202
ME 2 7.81332
n0 N 3.202 20
n 2.88 3
n0 ( N 1) 3.202 (20 1)
7.99 Sample taken to estimate approval ratings for a 95% confidence level given a 45%
approval rating and a margin of error of .035:
( p )(1 p )( z /2 ) 2 (.45)(.55)(1.96) 2
n = 776.16 .
ME 2 (.035) 2
Take n = 777 observations.
2000 328(12000)2
7.100 x 1215.8 , n 75.28 . Take 76 observations
1.645 327(1215.8)2 (12000)2
.06 527(.25)
7.101 p .0306 , n 177.43 . Take 178 observations
1.96 526(.0306)2 .25
z2 / 2 2 z2 / 2 2 2
7.102 We know that n0 , where ME z / 2 X . This gives n0 or
ME 2 ( z / 2 X ) 2 X2
2 n0 X2 .
N 2
Substituting this into gives
( N 1) X2 2
N (n0 X2 ) X2 Nn0 n0 N
.
( N 1) n0
2
X
2
X
[( N 1) n0 ]
2
X
n0 ( N 1)