Sfa-5 22

SPECIFICATION FOR STAINLESS STEEL
ELECTRODES FOR FLUX CORED ARC WELDING

AND STAINLESS STEEL FLUX CORED RODS FOR
GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING
SFA-5.22
(Identical with AWS Specification A5.22-95)
1. Scope composition of the undiluted weld metal, as specified

1.1 This specification prescribes requirements for the in Table 1, the position of welding, the shielding
classification of stainless steel electrodes for flux cored medium, and type of welding current with which they
arc welding and flux cored rods for root pass welding are used, as specified in Table 2.
with the gas tungsten arc process.1 It includes only those
2.2 Electrodes and rods classified under one classifi-
products whose cores contain nonmetallic ingredients
cation may be classified under any other classification
comprising at least 5 wt.% of the electrode or rod.2
of this specification provided they meet all the require-
1.2 The chromium content of undiluted weld metal ments for those classifications. Table 3 lists a number
from these electrodes and rods is not less than 10.5%3 of examples of such dual classification.
nominal and the iron content exceeds that of any other
element. For purposes of classification, the iron content
shall be derived as the balance element when all other 3. Acceptance
elements are considered to be set at their specified Acceptance4 of the material shall be in accordance
minimum values. with the provisions of ANSI/AWS A5.01, Filler Metal
Procurement Guidelines.
PART A GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4. Certification
2. Classification
By affixing the AWS specification5 and classification
2.1 The welding electrodes and rods covered by this
designations to the packaging, or the classification to
specification are classified according to the chemical
the product, the manufacturer certifies that the product
meets the requirements of this specification.
1 In ANSI/AWS A5.22-80, stainless steel classifications for 98%
Argon - 2% Oxygen gas shielding existed (EXXXT-2). The combina-
tion of a slag covering and this shielding gas has been found to be also be included in the next revision of ANSI/AWS A5.29, Specifica-
inappropriate for flux cored arc welding and the EXXXT-2 Classifica- tion for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding.
tions have therefore been deleted from A5.22-95. They will be deleted from this specification (ANSI/AWS A5.22) in
2 Stainless steel products with less than 5% wt. non-metallic content the first revision following their incorporation in ANSI/AWS A5.29.
are properly classified as metal cored electrodes or rods according 4 See Section A3, Acceptance (in the Annex), for further information
to ANSI/AWS A5.9, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding concerning acceptance, testing of material shipped, and ANSI/AWS
Electrodes and Rods. A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines.
3 This revision includes the E502T-X and E505T-X classifications. 5 See Section A4, Certification (in the Annex), for further information
These electrodes (although they may have differing designators) will concerning acceptance and testing called for to meet this requirement.
455
SFA-5.22 1998 SECTION II
TABLE 1
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS FOR UNDILUTED WELD METAL
Weight Percenta,b
AWS UNS
Classificationc Numberd C Cr Ni Mo Cb(Nb) + Ta Mn Si P S N Cu
E307TX-X W30731 0.13 18.020.5 9.010.5 0.51.5 3.304.75 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308TX-X W30831 0.08 18.021.0 9.011.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308LTX-X W30835 0.04 18.021.0 9.011.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308HTX-X W30831 0.040.08 18.021.0 9.011.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308MoTX-X W30832 0.08 18.021.0 9.011.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308LMoTX-X W30838 0.04 18.021.0 9.012.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309TX-X W30931 0.10 22.025.0 12.014.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309LCbTX-X W30932 0.04 22.025.0 12.014.0 0.5 0.701.00 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309LTX-X W30935 0.04 22.025.0 12.014.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309MoTX-X W30939 0.12 21.025.0 12.016.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309LMoTX-X W30938 0.04 21.025.0 12.016.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309LNiMoTX-X W30936 0.04 20.523.5 15.017.0 2.53.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E310TX-X W31031 0.20 25.028.0 20.022.5 0.5 1.02.5 1.0 0.03 0.03 0.5
E312TX-X W31331 0.15 28.032.0 8.010.5 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E316TX-X W31631 0.08 17.020.0 11.014.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E316LTX-X W31635 0.04 17.020.0 11.014.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E317LTX-X W31735 0.04 18.021.0 12.014.0 3.04.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E347TX-X W34731 0.08 18.021.0 9.011.0 0.5 8 C min 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
1.0 max
E409TX-Xe W40931 0.10 10.513.5 0.60 0.5 0.80 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E410TX-X W41031 0.12 11.013.5 0.60 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E410NiMoTX-X W41036 0.06 11.012.5 4.05.0 0.400.70 1.0 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E410NiTiTX-Xe W41038 0.04 11.012.0 3.64.5 0.5 0.70 0.50 0.03 0.03 0.5
E430TX-X W43031 0.10 15.018.0 0.60 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E502TX-Xf W50231 0.10 4.06.0 0.40 0.450.65 1.2 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E505TX-Xf W50431 0.10 8.010.5 0.40 0.851.20 1.2 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E307T0-3 W30733 0.13 19.522.0 9.010.5 0.51.5 3.304.75 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308T0-3 W30833 0.08 19.522.0 9.011.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308LT0-3 W30837 0.03 19.522.0 9.011.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308HT0-3 W30833 0.040.08 19.522.0 9.011.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308MoT0-3 W30839 0.08 18.021.0 9.011.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308LMoT0-3 W30838 0.03 18.021.0 9.012.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E308HMoT0-3 W30830 0.070.12 19.021.5 9.010.7 1.82.4 1.252.25 0.250.80 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309T0-3 W30933 0.10 23.025.5 12.014.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309LT0-3 W30937 0.03 23.025.5 12.014.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309LCbT0-3 W30934 0.03 23.025.5 12.014.0 0.5 0.701.00 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309MoT0-3 W30939 0.12 21.025.0 12.016.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E309LMoT0-3 W30938 0.04 21.025.0 12.016.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E310T0-3 W31031 0.20 25.028.0 20.022.5 0.5 1.02.5 1.0 0.03 0.03 0.5
E312T0-3 W31231 0.15 28.032.0 8.010.5 0.5 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E316T0-3 W31633 0.08 18.020.5 11.014.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E316LT0-3 W31637 0.03 18.020.5 11.014.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E316LKT0-3g W31630 0.04 17.020.0 11.014.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E317LT0-3 W31737 0.03 18.521.0 13.015.0 3.04.0 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E347T0-3 W34733 0.08 19.021.5 9.011.0 0.5 8 C min 0.52.5 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
1.0 max
E409T0-3e W40931 0.10 10.513.5 0.60 0.5 0.80 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E410T0-3 W41031 0.12 11.013.5 0.60 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E410NiMoT0-3 W41036 0.06 11.012.5 4.05.0 0.400.70 1.0 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E410NiTiTO-3e W41038 0.04 11.012.0 3.64.5 0.5 0.70 0.50 0.03 0.03 0.5
E430TO-3 W43031 0.10 15.018.0 0.60 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.5
E2209TO-X W39239 0.04 21.024.0 7.510.0 2.54.0 0.52.0 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.080.20 0.5
E2553TO-X W39533 0.04 24.027.0 8.510.5 2.93.9 0.51.5 0.75 0.04 0.03 0.100.20 1.52.5
(continued)
456
PART C SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,
ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.22
TABLE 1 (CONTD)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS FOR UNDILUTED WELD METAL
Weight Percenta,b
AWS UNS
Classificationc Numberd C Cr Ni Mo Cb(Nb) + Ta Mn Si P S N Cu
EXXXTX-Gh Not Specified
R308LT1-5 W30835 0.03 18.021.0 9.011.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.2 0.04 0.03 0.5
R309LT1-5 W30935 0.03 22.025.0 12.014.0 0.5 0.52.5 1.2 0.04 0.03 0.5
R316LT1-5 W31635 0.03 17.020.0 11.014.0 2.03.0 0.52.5 1.2 0.04 0.03 0.5
8 C min
R347T1-5 W34731 0.08 18.021.0 9.011.0 0.5 1.0 max 0.52.5 1.2 0.04 0.03 0.5
NOTES:
a. The weld metal shall be analyzed for the specific elements in this table. If the presence of other elements is indicated in the course of this
work, the amount of those elements shall be determined to ensure that their total (excluding iron) does not exceed 0.50%.
b. Single values shown are maximum.
c. In this table, the X following the T refers to the position of welding (1 for all-position operation or 0 for flat or horizontal operation)
and the X following the dash refers to the shielding medium (1, 4, or 5) as shown in the AWS Classification column in Table 2. For
information concerning the G, see A2.3.7 and 2.3.8 of the annex. In A5.22-80, the position of welding was not included in the classification.
Accordingly, electrodes classified herein as either EXXXT0-1 or EXXXT1-1 would both have been classified EXXXT-1 and so forth.
d. ASTM/SAE Unified Number System for Metals and Alloys.
e. Titanium10 C min., 1.5% max.
f. See Footnote 3 on Page 1.
g. This alloy is designed for cryogenic applications.
h. See A2.3.7 and A2.3.8.
TABLE 2
REQUIRED SHIELDING MEDIUM, POLARITY, AND WELDING PROCESS
AWS External Shielding

Classificationa,b Mediumc Welding Polarity Welding Process
EXXXTX-1 CO2 DCEP FCAW
EXXXTX-3 none (self-shielded) DCEP FCAW
EXXXTX-4 7580% Argon/remainder CO2 DCEP FCAW
RXXXT1-5 100% Argon DCEN GTAW
EXXXTX-G Not Specifiedd Not Specifiedd FCAW

RXXXT1-G Not Specifiedd Not Specifiedd GTAW
NOTES:
a See 1.1 and its footnote 1 regarding the elimination of the EXXXT-2 classifications that existed in the previous revision of this document.
b The letters XXX stand for the designation of the chemical composition (see Table 1). The X after the T designates the position of
operation. A 0 indicates flat or horizontal operation; a 1 indicates all position operation.

c The requirement for the use of specified external shielding medium shall not be construed to restrict the use of any other medium for which
the electrodes are found suitable, for any application other than the classification tests.
d See A2.3.7 to A2.3.9 for additional information.
5. Units of Measure and Rounding-Off always coincide with a standard size or dimension in
Procedure the other. However, suitable conversions, encompassing
standard sizes of both, can be made if appropriate
5.1 U.S. customary units are the standard units of
tolerances are applied in each case.
measure in this specification. The SI units are given
as equivalent values to the U.S. customary units. The 5.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with
standard sizes and dimensions in the two systems are this specification, an observed or calculated value shall
not identical, and for this reason conversion from a be rounded to the nearest 1000 psi for tensile and
standard size or dimension in one system will not yield strength, and to the nearest unit in the last
457
TABLE 3
EXAMPLES OF POTENTIALLY OCCURRING DUAL
CLASSIFIED ELECTRODES
Primary Classification Alternate Classification

E308HTX-1 E308TX-1
E308LTX-1 E308TX-1
E308LT0-3 E308T0-3
E308LTX-1 E308LTX-4
E309LT1-1 E309T0-1
NOTE:
The X after the T designates the position of operation. A O
indicates flat or horizontal operation; a 1 indicates all position
operation.
TABLE 4
REQUIRED TESTS
Chemical Radiographic Tension Face Bend Root Bend Impact Fillet Weld
Analysis Test Test Test Test Test Test
E2XXXT0-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* NR*

E3XXT0-X Required Required Required Required NR* NR* NR*
E316LKT0-3 Required Required Required Required NR* Required NR*
E4XXT0-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* NR*
E5XXT0-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* NR*
E2XXXT1-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* Required

E3XXT1-X Required Required Required Required NR* NR* Required
E4XXT1-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* Required
E5XXT1-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* Required
R3XXT1-5 Required Required Required NR* Required NR* NR*

*Not required (See A2.3.8)
right-hand place of figures used in expressing the 6.2 Chemical analysis is required from weld metal
limiting value for other quantities in accordance with from each size of electrode and rod. The tests for
the rounding-off method given in ASTM E29, Recom- mechanical properties and soundness are conducted on
mended Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test weld metal from the 116 in. (1.6 mm) size of electrode
Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications. and rod. In any case in which that size is not manufac-
tured, the size closest to it that is manufactured shall
be used for the classification tests. The bend tests are
PART B TESTS, PROCEDURES, AND conducted on the largest size manufactured. When
REQUIREMENTS required by Table 4, the fillet weld tests shall be
conducted on all diameters manufactured.
6. Summary of Tests
6.1 The tests required for each classification are
7. Retest
specified in Table 4. The purpose of these tests is to
determine the chemical composition, the mechanical If the results of any test fail to meet the requirement,
properties, the usability and the soundness of the weld that test shall be repeated twice. The results of both
metal. The base metal for the weld test assemblies, retests shall meet the requirement. Specimens for retest
the welding and testing procedures to be employed and may be taken from the original test assembly or a new
the results required are given in Sections 8 through 14. test assembly. For chemical analysis, retest need be
458
FIG. 1 PAD FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF UNDILUTED WELD METAL
only for those specific elements that failed to meet the The sample for chemical analysis may be taken from
test requirement. the reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen
or from a corresponding location (or any location above
it) in the grove weld in Fig. 2, thereby avoiding the
8. Weld Test Assemblies need to make the weld pad. In case of dispute, the
weld pad shall be the referee method.
8.1 Between two and four weld test assemblies are
required (according to the classification under test) for 8.2 Preparation of each weld test assembly shall be
the tests specified in Table 4. They are as follows: as prescribed in 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5. Base metal for
(a) The weld pad in Fig. 1 for chemical analysis of each assembly shall conform to the following, or an
the undiluted weld metal equivalent:
(b) The groove weld in Fig. 2 for tension, impact,
and radiographic testing of the weld metal 8.2.1 The base metal shall be steel (carbon, alloy,
(c) The groove weld in Fig. 3 for the bend test stainless steel or ingot iron) of 0.25 percent carbon,
(d) The fillet weld in Fig. 4 for usability of the maximum, for chemical analysis of all electrode classi-
electrode or rod fications except those with 0.04 wt.% carbon or less
459
FIG. 2 GROOVE WELD ASSEMBLY FOR TENSION, IMPACT, AND RADIOGRAPHIC TESTS
460
FIG. 3A GROOVE WELD ASSEMBLY FOR FACE BEND TEST
461
FIG. 3B GROOVE WELD ASSEMBLY FOR ROOT BEND TEST
462
FIG. 4 PREPARATION OF FILLET WELD TEST SPECIMEN
463
(low-carbon classifications). For chemical analysis of TABLE 5

these low-carbon classifications, the base metal shall PREHEAT AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURE
be steel of 0.03 percent maximum carbon or other REQUIREMENTS FOR GROOVE WELD TEST
steels having a carbon content of 0.25 percent maximum ASSEMBLIES
with the further restrictions specified in 8.3.2.
Temperature
8.2.2 For the all-weld-metal tension, radiographic,
Minimum Maximum
and impact tests, the steel to be used shall be of a
matching type. Type 304 stainless steel may be used AWS Classification F C F C
when testing any of the E3XXTX-X classifications. E2XXXTX-X 60 16 300 150
Optionally, the steel may conform to one of the follow- E3XXTX-X 60 16 300 150
ing specifications or their equivalents, providing two R3XXT1-5 60 16 300 150
buttering layers of filler metal as shown in Fig. 2, are E4XXTX-X* 300 150 500 260
deposited in stringer beads using electrodes or rods of E5XXTX-X 300 150 500 260
EXXXTX-X Not Specified
the same classification as that being classified.
(1) ASTM specification A285, Pressure Vessel * Except for E410TX-X, which shall be 400F (204C) minimum
preheat and 600F (316C) maximum interpass temperature.
Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile
Strength, Grade C
(2) ASTM specification A36, Structural Steel
(3) ASTM specification A515, Pressure Vessel
Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher- each size of electrode or rod. Testing of this assembly
Temperature Service, Grade 70 shall be as specified in Section 9, Chemical Analysis.
8.2.3 For the face bend test, the base metal shall 8.3.2 The pad shall be at least four layers high.
be of a matching type or Type 304 stainless steel. More than four layers may be required to obtain
undiluted weld metal when base metal containing more
8.2.4 For the fillet weld test, the steel to be used than 0.03% carbon is used with the low-carbon classifi-
shall conform to the following specifications: cations (i.e. those with the letter L in the designation).
(1) For 300 series electrodesmatching or Type 304
8.4 Groove Weld
stainless steel
(2) For 400 or 500 series electrodesmatching or 8.4.1 Mechanical Properties and Soundness
carbon steel
8.4.1.1 A test assembly shall be prepared and
(3) For duplex alloy electrodesmatching or Type welded as specified in Fig. 2 and in 8.4.1.2 and 8.4.1.3,
304 stainless steel using base metal of the appropriate type specified
in 8.2.2.
8.3 Weld Pad 8.4.1.2 The test assembly shall be welded in

the flat position using the shielding medium and polarity
8.3.1 A weld pad shall be prepared as shown in shown in Table 2, and the amperage or wire feed speed
Fig. 1 (except when one of the alternatives to a weld and arc voltage recommended by the manufacturer.
pad in 8.1 is selected). Base metal as specified in 8.2 The test assembly shall be preset or sufficiently re-
shall be used as the base for the weld pad. The surface strained during welding to prevent warpage in excess
of the base metal on which the filler metal is deposited of five degrees. A welded test assembly that has warped
shall be clean. The pad shall be welded in the flat more than five degrees shall be discarded. Welded test
position with multiple beads and multiple layers to assemblies shall not be straightened.
obtain undiluted weld metal. The preheat temperature
shall be not less than 60F (16C). The slag shall be 8.4.1.3 The preheat and interpass temperatures
removed after each pass. The amperage or wire feed shall be as specified in Table 5. These temperatures
speed and the arc voltage shall be as recommended are measured mid-length of the assembly at a distance
by the manufacturer. The shielding medium and polarity of 1 in. (25 mm) from the centerline of the weld.
shall be as specified in Table 2. The pad may be These temperatures are required also for all buttering
quenched in water between passes (if the pad is to be passes. After each pass, the assembly shall be allowed
used for ferrite determination, see A6.9). The dimensions to cool in air (not quenched in water) to a temperature
of the completed pad shall be as shown in Fig. 1, for within the range specified in Table 5.
464
8.4.1.4 The assembly shall be tested as specified there will be intimate contact along the entire length
in Sections 10, 11 and 13 with or without a postweld of the joint.
heat treatment as specified in Table 6, for the classifica-
tion under test. 8.5.3 A single-pass fillet weld shall be deposited
on one side of the joint. When welding in the vertical
8.4.2 Bend Test position, the welding shall progress upwards.
8.4.2.1 A test assembly shall be prepared and 8.5.4 After completing the weld on the first side
welded as shown in Fig. 3A or 3B, as applicable, and of the joint, the assembly shall be cooled to room
specified in 8.4.2.2 through 8.4.2.4 using base metal temperature (but not less than 60F ([16C]) by any
of the appropriate type specified in 8.2.2. convenient means before commencing to weld on the
second side (see Note).
8.4.2.2 The test assembly shall be welded in
the flat position using the shielding medium, polarity, Note: If water is used as the coolant, care should be taken that it
has been thoroughly removed from the joint before beginning welding
and welding process specified in Table 2, and the on the second side.
amperage or wire feed speed and arc voltage recom-
mended by the manufacturer. The test assembly shall
be present or sufficiently restrained to prevent warpage 8.5.5 The fillet weld shall be deposited on the
in excess of five degrees. A welded test assembly that second side of the joint with the same procedure used
has warped more than five degrees shall be discarded. for the fillet weld on the first side.
Weld test assemblies shall not be straightened.
8.4.2.3 The preheat and interpass temperatures 9. Chemical Analysis

shall be as specified in Table 5. Those temperatures
are measured mid-length of the assembly at a distance 9.1 Flux cored electrodes and rods shall be analyzed
of 1 in. (25 mm) from the centerline of the weld. in the form of weld metal, not filler metal.
After each pass, the assembly shall be allowed to cool
9.2 The sample for analysis shall be taken from
in air (not quenched in water) to a temperature within
weld metal obtained from either the weld pad prepared
the range specified in Table 5.
according to 8.3 or one of the alternatives in 8.1
8.4.2.4 The third and subsequent layers of the produced with the filler metal and shielding medium
test assembly for R3XXT1-5 rods may be welded with with which they are classified.
a similar classification of shielded metal arc welding 9.2.1 The sample for analysis of weld metal from
electrodes, flux cored electrodes or rods, metal cored the pad shall be taken from material above the third
electrodes or solid wire electrodes. layer of weld metal and at least the minimum height
above the base metal as specified in Fig. 1. The sample
8.4.2.5 The assembly shall be tested as specified
shall be free of slag and all other foreign materials.
in Section 12, Bend Test, in the as-welded condition.
The sample may have to be taken from a higher level
8.5 Fillet Weld for weld metal from the low-carbon classifications (those
with the letter L in the designation), when base
8.5.1 Fillet weld tests, when required by Table 4, metals containing more than 0.03% of carbon are used
shall be performed in the vertical and overhead positions. for the pad.
A test assembly shall be prepared and welded as shown
in Fig. 4 using base metal of the appropriate type 9.2.2 The sample of weld metal from the reduced
specified in 8.2.4, and using the shielding medium and section of the fractured tension test specimen, or from
polarity shown in Table 2 and the amperage or wire a corresponding location (or any location above it) in
feed speed and arc voltage recommended by the manu- the groove weld in Fig. 2, shall be prepared for analysis
facturer. Testing of the assembly shall be as specified by any suitable mechanical means.
in Section 14, Fillet Weld Test.
9.3 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted analyti-
8.5.2 In preparing the two plates forming the test cal methods. The referee method shall be ASTM Stan-
assembly, the standing member (web) shall have one dard Method E353, Chemical Analysis of Stainless,
edge prepared so that when the web is set upon the Heat-Resisting, Maraging and Other Similar Chromium-
base plate (flange), which shall be straight and smooth, Nickel-Iron Alloys.
465
TABLE 6
TENSION TEST REQUIREMENTS
Tensile Strength,
minimum
Elongation Postweld Heat
AWS Classificationa ksi MPa Percent, Min. Treatment
E307TX-X 85 590 30 None
E308TX-X 80 550 35 None
E308LTX-X 75 520 35 None
E308HTX-X 80 550 35 None
E308MoTX-X 80 550 35 None
E308LMoTX-X 75 520 35 None
E309TX-X 80 550 30 None
E309LCbTX-X 75 520 30 None
E309LTX-X 75 520 30 None
E309MoTX-X 80 550 25 None
E309LMoTX-X 75 520 25 None
E309LNiMoTX-X 75 520 25 None
E310TX-X 80 550 30 None
E312TX-X 95 660 22 None
E316TX-X 75 520 30 None
E316LTX-X 70 485 30 None
E317LTX-X 75 520 20 None
E347TX-X 75 520 30 None
E409TX-X 65 450 15 None
E410TX-X 75 520 20 (b)
E410NiMoTX-X 110 760 15 (c)
E410NiTiTX-X 110 760 15 (c)
E430TX-X 65 450 20 (d)
E502TX-X 60 415 20 (e)
E505TX-X 60 415 20 (e)
E308HMoT0-3 80 550 30 None

E316LKT0-3 70 485 30 None
E2209TX-X 100 690 20 None

E2553TX-X 110 760 15 None
EXXXTX-G Not Specified
R308LT1-5 75 520 35 None

R309LT1-5 75 520 30 None
R316LT1-5 70 485 30 None
R347T1-5 75 520 30 None
NOTE:
a. In this table, the X following the T refers to the position of welding (1 for all-position or 0 for flat or horizontal operation) and the
X following the dash refers to the shielding medium (1, 3 or 4) as shown in the AWS Classification.
b. The weld test assembly (or the blank from it, from which the tensile test specimen is to be machined) shall be heated to a temperature between
1350 and 1400F (732 and 760C), held for 1 hour, then furnace cooled to 600F (316C) at a rate not to exceed 100F (55C) per hour,
then cooled in air to room temperature.
c. The weld test assembly (or the blank from it, from which the tensile test specimen is to be machined) shall be heated to a temperature between
1100 and 1150F (593 and 621C), held for 1 hour, then cooled in air to room temperature.
d. The weld test assembly (or the blank from it, from which the tensile test specimen is to be machined) shall be heated to a temperature between
1400 and 1450F (760 and 788C), held for 4 hours, then furnace cooled to 1100F (593C) at a rate not to exceed 100F (55C) per
hour, then cooled in air to room temperature.
e. The weld test assembly (or blank from it, from which the tensile test specimen is to be machined) shall be heated to a temperature between
1550 and 1600F (840 and 870C) held for 2 hours, then furnace cooled to 1100F (593C) at a rate not to exceed 100F (55C) per
hour, then cooled in air to room temperature.
466
9.4 The results for the analysis shall meet the require- permitted in the radiographic standards do not meet
ments of Table 1 for the classification of electrode or the requirements of this specification.
rod under test.
11. Tension Test
10. Radiographic Test
11.1 One all-weld-metal tension test specimen shall
10.1 When required in Table 4, the groove weld be machined from the groove weld described in 8.4.1
described in 8.4.1 and shown in Fig. 2 shall be radio- and shown in Fig. 2. The dimensions of the specimen
graphed to evaluate the soundness of the weld metal. shall be as shown in Fig. 6.
In preparation for radiography, the backing shall be
11.2 The specimen shall be tested in the manner
removed and both surfaces of the weld shall be machined
described in the tension test section of ANSI/AWS
or ground smooth and flush with the original surfaces
B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of
of the base metal or with a uniform reinforcement not
Welds.
exceeding 332 in. (2.4 mm). Both surfaces of the test
assembly, in the area of the weld, shall be smooth 11.3 The results of the tension test shall meet the
enough to avoid difficulty in interpreting the radiograph. requirements specified in Table 6.
10.2 The weld shall be radiographed in accordance
with ASTM E142, Standard Method for Controlling 12. Bend Test
Quality of Radiographic Testing. The quality level of
12.1 Electrodes
inspection shall be 2-2T.
12.1.1 One longitudinal face bend specimen, as
10.3 The soundness of the weld metal meets the
required in Table 4, shall be machined from the groove
requirements of this specification if the radiograph
weld test assembly described in 8.4.2 and shown in
shows none of the following:
Fig. 3A.
(1) cracks
(2) incomplete fusion 12.1.2 Backing strip and weld reinforcement shall
(3) incomplete penetration be removed by machining. Grinding of the face surface
(4) rounded indications in excess of those permitted of the specimen shall follow. The corners on the face
by the radiographic standards in Fig. 5A or 5B, as side of the specimen shall be slightly rounded by filing
applicable or grinding. The longitudinal face bend test specimen
(5)(a) in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of the 12 in. shall be uniformly bent through 180 degrees over a
(13 mm) thick test assembly: no individual slag inclusion radius of 34 in. (19 mm). Typical bending jigs are
longer than 732 in. (5.6 mm) and a maximum total shown in ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for the
length of 716 in. (11 mm) for all slag inclusions Mechanical Testing of Welds. The specimen shall be
(b) in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of the 34 in. positioned so that the face of the weld is in tension.
(19 mm) thick test assembly: no individual slag inclusion
12.1.3 After bending, the bend test specimen shall
in excess of 932 in. (7.1 mm) and a maximum total
conform to the designated radius, with appropriate
length of 1532 in. (12 mm) for all slag inclusions
allowance for springback, and the weld metal shall
In evaluating the radiograph, 1 in. (25 mm) of
show no defects on the tension face greater than 18
the weld on each end of the test assembly shall be
in. (3.2 mm).
disregarded.
12.2 Rods
10.3.1 A rounded indication is an indication (on
the radiograph) whose length is no more than three 12.2.1 One longitudinal root bend specimen, as
times its width. Rounded indications may be circular required in Table 4, shall be machined from the groove
or irregular in shape, and they may have tails. The weld assembly described in 8.4.2 and shown in Fig. 3B.
size of a rounded indication is the largest dimension
12.2.2 Weld reinforcement shall be removed by
of the indication, including any tail that may be present.
machining. Grinding of both faces of the specimen
The indications may be of porosity, or tungsten inclu-
shall follow. All corners on the root side of the specimen
sions.
shall be slightly rounded by filing or grinding. The
10.3.2 Indications whose largest dimension does longitudinal root bend specimen shall be bent uniformly
not exceed 164 in. (0.4 mm) shall be disregarded. through a radius of 34 in. (19 mm). Typical bending
Test assemblies with indications in excess of the sizes jigs are shown in ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods
467
FIG. 5A ROUNDED INDICATION STANDARDS FOR RADIOGRAPHIC TEST1/2 IN. PLATE
468
FIG. 5B ROUNDED INDICATION STANDARDS FOR RADIOGRAPHIC TEST3/4 IN. PLATE
469
FIG. 6 TENSION TEST SPECIMEN
for Mechanical Testing of Welds. The specimen shall

be positioned so that the root of the weld is in tension.
12.2.3 After bending, the bend test specimen shall
conform to the designated radius, with appropriate
allowance for springback, and the weld metal shall
show no defects on the tension face greater than 18
in. (3.2 mm).
13. Impact Test (E316LKT0-3 Electrodes Only)

13.1 Five full size, 0.394 in. by 0.394 in. (10 mm
by 10 mm) Charpy V-notch impact specimens (see FIG. 7 ORIENTATION AND LOCATION OF IMPACT
Fig. 7) shall be machined from the test assembly (see TEST SPECIMEN
Fig. 2) for testing of E316LKT0-3 electrodes.
13.2 The five specimens shall be tested at a tempera-
ture of 320F (196C) in accordance with the impact
Impact Testing of Metallic Materials. In evaluating the
test section of ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods
test results, the highest and lowest lateral expansion
for Mechanical Testing of Welds.
values shall be disregarded. The remaining three impact
13.3 Lateral expansion shall be measured in accord- specimens shall exhibit a lateral expansion of 0.015
ance with ASTM E23, Test Methods for Notched Bar in. (0.4 mm) minimum when tested at 320F (196C).
470
14. Fillet Weld Test uniform, uninterrupted feeding of the filler metal on
automatic and semiautomatic equipment.
14.1 The fillet weld test, when required in Table 4,
shall be made in accordance with 8.5 and Fig. 4. The 17.3 Core ingredients shall be distributed with suffi-
entire face of the completed fillet weld shall be examined cient uniformity throughout the length of the electrode
visually. The weld shall be free from cracks or other or rod so as not to adversely affect performance or
open defects that would affect the strength of the weld. properties of the weld metal.
After the visual examination, a cross section shall be
taken as shown in Fig. 4. The cross-sectional surface
shall be polished and etched, and then examined as 18. Standard Package Forms
required in 14.2.
18.1 Standard package forms are straight lengths,
14.2 Scribe lines shall be placed on the prepared coils with support, coils without support, spools, and
surface, as shown in Fig. 8, and the leg length and drums. Standard package dimensions and weights for
the convexity shall be determined to the nearest 164 each form are given in Tables 8 and 9. Package forms,
in. (0.4 mm) by actual measurement. sizes and weights other than these shall be as agreed
upon between purchaser and supplier.
14.2.1 Both fillet welds shall have penetration to
or beyond the junction of the edges of the plates. 18.2 The liners in coils with support shall be designed
14.2.2 The legs and convexity of each fillet weld and constructed to prevent distortion of the coil during
shall be within the limits prescribed in Fig. 8. normal handling and use and shall be clean and dry
enough to maintain the cleanliness of the filler metal.
14.2.3 The fillet welds shall show no evidence of
cracks. 18.3 Spools shall be designed and constructed to
prevent distortion of the filler metal during normal
14.2.4 The welds shall be reasonably free from handling and use and shall be clean and dry enough
undercutting, overlap, trapped slag, and porosity. to maintain the cleanliness of the filler metal (see Figs.
9, 10, and 11).
PART C MANUFACTURE,
IDENTIFICATION, AND PACKAGING 19. Winding Requirements
15. Method of Manufacture 19.1 The filler metal shall be wound so that kinks,
waves, sharp bends, or wedging are not encountered,
The electrodes and rods classified according to this
leaving the filler metal free to unwind without restric-
specification may be manufactured by any method that
tion. The outside end of the filler metal (the end with
will produce material that meets the requirements of
which welding is to begin) shall be accessible and
this specification.
secured to avoid unwinding.
19.2 The cast and helix of filler metal in coils,
16. Standard Sizes
spools, and drums shall be such that the filler metal
Standard sizes for electrodes and rods are shown in will feed in an uninterrupted manner in automatic and
Table 7. semiautomatic equipment.
17. Finish and Uniformity 20. Filler Metal Identification

17.1 All filler metal shall have a smooth finish that 20.1 The product information and the precautionary
is free of slivers, depressions, scratches, scale, seams, information required in Section 21, Marking of Pack-
laps (exclusive of the longitudinal joint), and foreign ages, shall also appear on each coil, spool, and drum.
matter that would adversely affect the welding character-
istics, the operation of the welding equipment, or the 20.2 Coils without support shall have a tag containing
properties of the weld metal. this information securely attached to the filler metal at
the inside end of the coil.
17.2 Each continuous length of filler metal shall be
from a single lot of material. Welds, when present, 20.3 Coils with support shall have the information
shall have been made so as not to interfere with the securely affixed in a prominent location on the support.
471
FIG. 8 FILLET WELD TEST SPECIMEN AND DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS
472
TABLE 7
STANDARD ELECTRODE AND ROD SIZES AND TOLERANCESa
Diameter Tolerance
Package Form in. mm in. mm
6 5
0.035 0.9
Coils with Support, 0.045 1.2
60.002 60.05
Spools 0.052 1.4
1/16 (0.062) 1.6
6 5
5/64 0.078) 2.0
Coils without Support
3/32 (0.094) 2.4
Coils with Support
7/64 (0.109) 2.8 60.003 60.08
Drums
1/8 (0.125) 3.2
Spools
5/32 (0.156) 4.0
5
5/64 (0.078) 2.0
Straight Lengthsb 6 0.087
3/32 (0.094)
2.2
2.4
60.003 60.08
NOTES:
a. Other sizes and forms shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
b. Length shall be 36 in. +0, 1/2 in. (915 mm +0, 13 mm).
TABLE 8
STANDARD DIMENSIONS FOR COILS, WITH AND WITHOUT SUPPORT, AND DRUMS
Coils Drums
Without Support With Support
Inside Diameter Inside Diameter Width of Wound

of Coil of Liner Electrode, Max. Outside Diameter
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
12 300 12 6 18 300 6 3 458 120 1512 400

2212 570 20 500
23 600
NOTE:
Other forms shall be as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
20.4 Spools shall have the information securely af- 21. Packaging
fixed in a prominent location on the outside of one
Filler metal shall be suitably packaged to ensure
flange of the spool.
against damage during shipment and storage under
normal conditions.
20.5 Drums shall have the information securely af-
fixed to the side of the drum.
22. Marking of Packages
20.6 Identification of individual welding rods in
straight lengths is not a requirement of this specification, 22.1 The following product information (as a mini-
but may be done as agreed upon between the purchaser mum) shall be legibly marked so as to be visible from
and supplier. the outside of each unit package.
473
TABLE 9
PACKAGING REQUIREMENTSa
Package Size Net Weight of Electrodeb
Type of Package in. mm lb kg
Coils Without Support As specified by purchaser c As specified by purchaser c
Coils With Support (see ID 634 170 14 6.4

below) ID 12 300 25, 30, 50, and 60 11, 14, 23, and 27
OD 4 100 112 and 212 0.7 and 1.1

OD 8 200 10, 15, and 22 4.5, 6.8, and 10
OD 12 300 25, 30, and 35 11, 14, and 16
Spools OD 14 350 50 and 60 23 and 27
OD 22 550 250 110
OD 24 600 300 140
OD 30 750 600 and 750 170 and 340
OD 1512 400 As specified by purchaser c

Drums OD 20 500 As specified by purchaser c
OD 23 575 300 and 600 140 and 270
Coils with SupportStandard Dimensions and Weightsa

Coil Dimensions
Width of Wound Electrode,

Coil Net Weightb Inside Diameter of Liner max.
Electrode Size lb kg in. mm in. mm
14 6.4 634 6 18 170 6 3 3 75

All 25 and 30 11 and 14 12 6 18 300 6 3 212 or 458 65 or 120
50 and 60 23 and 27 12 6 18 300 6 3 458 120
NOTES:
a Sizes and net weights other than those specified may be supplied as agreed between supplier and purchaser.
b Tolerance on net weight shall be 610 percent.
c As agreed between supplier and purchaser.
474
FIG. 9 DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD 4 IN. (100 MM) SPOOL
475
FIG. 10 DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD 8, 12, AND 14 IN. (200, 300 AND 350 MM) SPOOLS
476
FIG. 11 DIMENSIONS OF 22, 24, AND 30 IN. (550, 600, AND 750 MM) SPOOLS
477
(1) AWS specification and classification designation O Before use, read and understand the manufacturers
(year of issue may be excluded) instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs),
(2) Suppliers name and trade designation and your employers safety practices.
(3) Size and net weight O Keep your head out of the fumes.
(4) Lot, control, or heat number O Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both,
to keep fumes and gases away from your breathing
22.2 The following precautionary information (as a
zone and the general area.
minimum) shall be prominently displayed in legible
O Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection.
print on all packages of welding electrodes or rods,
O Do not touch electrical parts.
including individual unit packages enclosed within a
O See American National Standard Z49.1, Safety in
larger package.
Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes published
by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJ-
WARNING: eune Road, Miami, Florida 33126; OSHA Safety
Protect yourself and others.
and Health Standards, 29 CFR 1910, available
Read and understand this information.
from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash-
FUMES AND GASES can be hazardous to your
ington, DC 20402.
health.
ARC RAYS can injure eyes and burn skin.
DO NOT REMOVE THIS INFORMATION
ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill.
478
Annex
Guide to AWS Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes
for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless Steel Flux
Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
(This Annex is not a part of A5.22-95, Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless
Steel Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, but is included for information purposes only.)
A1. Introduction A2.3 Since the electrodes and rods are classified
according to the chemical composition of the weld
The purpose of this guide is to correlate the electrode
metal and the external shielding medium required for
and rod classifications with their intended applications
the classification tests, additional symbols are employed,
so the specification can be used effectively. Reference
following the E or R in the classification designa-
to appropriate base metal specifications is made when-
tions.
ever that can be done and when it would be helpful.
Such references are intended only as examples rather A2.3.1 The chemical composition is identified by
than complete listings of the materials for which each a three-digit or four-digit number, and, in some cases,
filler metal is suitable. This specification now includes additional chemical symbols and the letters L or H.
welding rods classified as RXXXT1-5. These are flux The numbers generally follow the pattern of the AISI
cored welding rods which can be used for GTAW of numbering system for heat- and corrosion-resisting
the root pass of stainless steel pipe without the use of steels; however, there are exceptions. In some classifica-
a back shielding gas. Previous editions of A5.22 only tions additional chemical symbols are used to signify
included flux cored welding electrodes. modifications of basic alloy types. The letter L denotes
a low-carbon content in the deposit. The letter H
denotes a carbon content in the upper part of the
range that is specified for the corresponding standard
A2. Classification System alloy type.
A2.1 The system for identifying the electrode and rod A2.3.2 The letter K in the E316LKT0-3 classifi-
classifications in this specification follows the standard cation signifies that weld metal deposited by these
pattern used in other AWS filler metal specifications. electrodes is designed for cryogenic applications.
A2.2 The letter E at the beginning of each classifi- A2.3.3 Following the chemical composition desig-
cation designation stands for electrode, and the letter nation comes the letter T, which signifies that the
R indicates a welding rod. The three or four digit product is a flux cored electrode or rod. Following the
number such as 308 designates the chemical composi- T is a 1 or 0 indicating the recommended position
tion. The following letter T indicates that the product of welding. Following the position indicator and a dash,
is a flux cored electrode or rod. The 1 or 0 are the numerals 1, 3, 4, or 5 or the letter
following the T indicates the recommended position G. The numerals 1, 4, and 5 identify the
of operation. Inclusion of K in the designator signifies shielding gas required for classification of the electrode
that the material has been designed for cryogenic service. or rod. The numeral 3 signifies that an external
Figure A1 is graphical explanation of the system. shielding gas is not employed and that the weld puddle
479
FIG. A1 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
is shielded by the atmosphere and slag generated by A2.3.6 While mechanical property tests are re-
the flux core. The letter G signifies that the shielding quired for classification of the electrodes or rods in
medium, chemical composition, and mechanical proper- this specification (see Table 6), the classification system
ties are not specified and are as agreed upon between does not identify the test requirements.
supplier and purchaser. For rods, the letter G signifies
that the shielding medium is not specified and is as A2.3.7 This specification includes filler metals
agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufac- classified EXXXTX-G. The G indicates that the filler
turer. Refer to A2.3.7 for a further explanation of the metal is of a general classification. It is general because
G classification and its implications. not all of the particular requirements specified for
each of the other classifications are specified for this
A2.3.4 Significance of the position indicators is classification. The intent in establishing this classifica-
summarized as follows: tion is to provide a means by which filler metals that
(a) EXXXT0-X Designates a welding electrode de- differ in one respect or another (chemical composition,
signed to weld in the flat or horizontal position. for example) from all other classifications, (meaning
(b) EXXXT1-X Designates a welding electrode de- that the composition of the filler metal, in the case of
signed for welding in all positions. the example, does not meet the composition specified
(c) RXXXT1-5 Designates a welding rod designed for any of the classifications in the specification) can
for welding in all positions. still be classified according to the specification. The
purpose is to allow a useful filler metalone that
A2.3.5 The shielding designations, denoting otherwise would have to await a revision of the specifi-
shielding from the core materials as well as from any cationto be classified immediately under the existing
externally applied gas, are shown in Table 2. This does specification. This means, then, that two filler metals,
not exclude the use of alternate gas mixtures as agreed each bearing the same G classification, may be quite
upon between purchaser and supplier. The use of alter- different in some certain respect (chemical composition,
nate gas mixtures may have an effect on welding again, for example).
characteristics, deposit composition, and mechanical
properties of the weld, such that classification require- A2.3.8 The point of difference (although not neces-
ments may not be met. sarily the amount of that difference) between filler
480
metal of a G classification and filler metal of a Upon receipt of the request, the Secretary will do the
similar classification without the G (or even with it, following:
for that matter) will be readily apparent from the use (a) Assign an identifying number to the request.
of the words not required and not specified in the This number will include the date the request was
specification. The use of these words is as follows: received.
Not Specified is used in those areas of the specification (b) Confirm receipt of the request and give the
that refer to the results of some particular test. It identification number to the person who made the
indicates that the requirements for that test are not request.
specified for that particular classification. (c) Send a copy of the request to the Chairman
Not Required is used in those areas of the specification of the Filler Metal Committee and the Chairman of
that refer to the tests that must be conducted in order the particular Subcommittee involved.
to classify a filler metal (or a welding material). It (d) File the original request.
indicates that test is not required because the require- (3) Add the request to the log of outstanding
ments (results) for the test have not been specified for requests.
that particular classification. (4) All necessary action on each request will be
Restating the case, when a requirement is not speci- completed as soon as possible. If more than 12 months
fied, it is not necessary to conduct the corresponding lapse, the Secretary shall inform the requestor of the
test in order to classify a filler metal to that classification. status of the request, with copies to the Chairman of
When a purchaser wants the information provided by the Committee and the Subcommittee. Requests still
that test, in order to consider a particular product of outstanding after 18 months shall be considered not to
that classification for a certain application, the purchaser have been answered in a timely manner and the
will have to arrange for that information with the Secretary shall report these to the Chairman of the
supplier of the product. The purchaser will have to Filler Metal Committee, for the Chairs action.
establish with that supplier just what the testing proce- (5) The Secretary shall include a copy of the log
dure and the acceptance requirements are to be, for of all requests pending and those completed during the
that test. The purchaser may want to incorporate that preceding year with the agenda for each Filler Metal
information (via ANSI/AWS A5.01, Filler Metal Pro- Committee meeting. Any other publication of requests
curement Guidelines) in the purchase order. that have been completed will be at the option of the
American Welding Society, as deemed appropriate.
A2.3.9 Request for Filler Metal Classification
(1) When a filler metal cannot be classified according
A3. Acceptance
to some classification other than a G classification,
the manufacturer may request that a classification be Acceptance of all welding materials classified under
established for that filler metal. The manufacturer may this specification is in accordance with ANSI/AWS
do this by following the procedure given here. When A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines, as the
the manufacturer elects to use the G classification, specification states. Any testing a purchaser requires
the Filler Metal Committee recommends that the manu- of the supplier, for material shipped in accordance with
facturer still request that a classification be established this specification, shall be clearly stated in the purchase
for that filler metal, as long as the filler metal is of order, according to the provisions of ANSI/AWS A5.01.
commercial significance. In the absence of any such statement in the purchase
(2) A request to establish a new filler metal classifi- order, the supplier may ship the material with whatever
cation must be a written request and it needs to provide testing he normally conducts on material of that classifi-
sufficient detail to permit the Filler Metal Committee cation, as specified in Schedule F, Table 1, of ANSI/
or the Subcommittee to determine whether a new AWS A5.01. Testing in accordance with any other
classification or the modification of an existing classifi- Schedule in that Table must be specifically required
cation is more appropriate, and whether either is neces- by the purchase order. In such cases, acceptance of
sary to satisfy the need. The request needs to state the the material shipped will be in accordance with those
variables and their limits, for such a classification or requirements.
modification. The request should contain some indica-
tion of the time by which completion of the new
A4. Certification
classification or modification is needed.
(3) The request should be sent to the Secretary of The act of placing the AWS specification and classi-
the Filler Metal Committee at AWS Headquarters. fication designations on the packaging enclosing the
481
product, or the classification on the product itself, ferrite is helpful when the welds are restrained, the
constitutes the suppliers (manufacturers) certification joints are large, and when cracks or fissures adversely
that the product meets all of the requirements of the affect service performance. Ferrite increases the weld
specification. strength level. Ferrite may have a detrimental effect
The only testing requirement implicit in this certifica- on corrosion resistance in some environments. It also
tion is that the manufacturer has actually conducted is generally regarded as detrimental to toughness in
the tests required by the specification on material that cryogenic service, and in high-temperature service where
is representative of that being shipped and that the it can transform into the brittle sigma phase.
material met the requirements of the specification. Rep-
resentative material, in this case, is any production A6.2 Ferrite can be measured on a relative scale by
run of that classification using the same formulation. means of various magnetic instruments. However, work
Certification is not to be construed to mean that tests by the Subcommittee for Welding of Stainless Steel
of any kind were necessarily conducted on samples of of the High Alloys Committee of the Welding Research
the specific material shipped. Tests on such material Council (WRC) established that the lack of a standard
may, or may not, have been conducted. calibration procedure resulted in a very wide spread
The basis for the certification required by the specifi- of readings on a given specimen when measured by
cation is the classification test of representative mate- different laboratories. A specimen averaging 5.0 percent
rial cited above, and the Manufacturers Quality ferrite based on the data collected from all the labora-
Assurance System in ANSI/AWS A5.01, Filler Metal tories was measured as low as 3.5 percent by some
Procurement Guidelines. and as high as 8.0 percent by others. At an average
of 10 percent, the spread was 7.0 to 16.0 percent. In
order to substantially reduce this problem, the WRC
A5. Ventilation During Welding Subcommittee published on July 1, 1972 Calibration
A5.1 Five major factors govern the quantity of Procedure for Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite
fumes in the atmosphere to which welders and welding Content of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal.6
operators are exposed during welding: In 1974, the AWS extended this procedure and
(1) Dimensions of the space in which welding is prepared AWS A4.2, Standard Procedure for Calibrat-
done (with special regard to the height of the ceiling) ing Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite
(2) Number of welders and welding operators work- Content of Austenitic Steel Weld Metal. All instruments
ing in that space used to measure the ferrite content of AWS classified
(3) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, or dust, ac- stainless electrode products are to be traceable to the
cording to the materials and processes involved latest revision of this AWS standard.
(4) The proximity of the welders or welding operators
to the fumes as they issue from the welding zone, and A6.3 The WRC Subcommittee also adopted the term
to the gases and dusts in the space in which they are Ferrite Number (FN) to be used in place of percent
working ferrite, to clearly indicate that the measuring instrument
(5) The ventilation provided to the space in which was calibrated to the WRC procedure. The Ferrite
the welding is done Number, up to 10 FN, is to be considered equal to
the percent ferrite term previously used. It represents
A5.2 American National Standard Z49.1, Safety in a good average of commercial U. S. and world practice
Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes (published by on the percent ferrite. Through the use of standard
the American Welding Society), discusses the ventilation calibration procedures, differences in readings due to
that is required during welding and should be referred instrument calibration are expected to be reduced to
to for details. Attention is drawn particularly to the about 65 percent, or at the most, 610 percent of the
section relating to ventilation. measured ferrite value.
A6.4 In the opinion of the WRC Subcommittee, it

A6. Ferrite in Weld Deposits has been impossible, to date, to accurately determine
A6.1 Ferrite is known to be very beneficial in reducing the true absolute ferrite content of stainless steel weld
the tendency for cracking or fissuring in weld metals; metals.
however, it is not essential. Millions of pounds of fully
austenitic weld metal have been used for years and have 6 WeldingResearch Council, 345 East 47th Street, New York, New
provided satisfactory service performance. Generally, York 10017
482
A6.5 Even on undiluted pads, ferrite variations from A167 or A240, or carbon steel. If the base plate contains
pad to pad must be expected due to slight changes in more than 0.03% carbon and is used for the low-
welding and measuring variables. On a large group of carbon classifications (those with the letter L in the
pads from one heat or lot and using a standard pad designation), then the pad shall have a minimum of
welding and preparation procedure, two sigma values four layers. This is required to assure a low-carbon
indicate that 95 percent of the tests are expected to weld metal deposit.
be within a range of approximately 6 2.2 FN to
about 8 FN. If different pad welding and preparation A6.9.2 The weld pad must be built to a minimum
procedures are used, these variations will increase. height of 12 in. (13 mm) when using Type 301, 302,
or 304 base plate. When using a carbon steel base,
A6.6 Even larger variations may be encountered if
the weld pad must have a minimum height of 58 in.
the welding technique allows excessive nitrogen pickup,
(16 mm) to eliminate dilution effects.
in which case the ferrite can be much lower than it
should be. High nitrogen pickup can cause a typical
A6.9.3 The pad must be welded in the flat position
8 FN deposit to drop to 0 FN. A nitrogen pickup of
using multiple layers, with at least the last 2 layers
0.10 percent will typically decrease the FN by about 8.
deposited using stringer beads. The weld layers used
A6.7 Plate materials tend to be balanced chemically for the buildup may be deposited with a weave. The
to have an inherently lower ferrite content than matching amperage or wire feed speed and the arc voltage shall
weld metals. Weld metal diluted with plate metal will be as recommended by the manufacturer of the electrode.
usually be somewhat lower in ferrite than the undiluted The shielding medium, polarity and welding process
weld metal, though this does vary depending on the shall be as shown in Table 2. Each pass must be
amount of dilution and the composition of the base cleaned prior to depositing the next pass. The welding
metal. direction should be alternated from pass to pass. The
weld stops and starts must be located at the ends of
A6.8 In the E300 series electrodes, many types such the weld buildup. Between passes, the weld pad may
as E310, E320, E320LR, E330, E383, and E385 are be cooled by quenching in water not sooner than 20
fully austenitic.7 The E316 group can be made with seconds after the completion of each pass. The last
little or no ferrite when required for improved corrosion two layers must have a maximum interpass temperature
resistance in certain media, and in high temperature of 300F (150C). The last pass must be air cooled
and cryogenic applications where ferrite can be detri- to below 800F (427C) prior to quenching in water.
mental. It also can be obtained in a higher ferrite form, The weld deposit can be buildup between two copper
usually over 4 FN, if desired. The remaining E300 bars laid parallel on the base plate. The spacing between
series electrodes can be made in low-ferrite versions, the copper bars is dependent on the size of the electrode
but commercial practice usually involves ferrite control and the type or size of welding gun used. Care must
above 4 FN. Because of chemistry limits covering these be taken to make sure the arc does not impinge on
grades and various manufacturing limits, most lots will the copper bars resulting in copper dilution in the weld
be under 10 FN and are likely to go over 15 FN metal.
commercially. E16-8-2 generally is controlled at a low-
ferrite level, under 5 FN. E312, E2553, and E2209 A6.9.4 The completed weld pad must have the
generally are quite high in ferrite, usually over 20 FN. surface prepared so that it is smooth with all traces
A6.9 When it is desired to measure ferrite content, of weld ripple removed and must be continuous in
the following procedure is recommended: length where measurements are to be taken. This can
be accomplished by any suitable means providing the
A6.9.1 The same weld pads, as detailed in 8.3, surface is not heated in excess during the machining
may be used to measure the ferrite level, provided the operation (excessive heating may affect the final ferrite
last two or three layers are prepared as described in reading). The width of the prepared surface shall not
A6.9.3 and A6.9.4. Otherwise, the pads shall be made be less than 18 in. (3 mm).
as detailed on Fig. A1 and prepared as described in The surface can be prepared by draw filing using a
A6.9.2 through A6.9.4. The base plate may be of Type mill bastard file held on both sides of the weld with
301, 302, or 304 conforming to ASTM Specification the long axis of the file perpendicular to the long axis
of the weld. Files shall either be new or shall have
7 Some of the grades of electrodes listed here are not in this document, only been used on austenitic stainless steel. Filing must
but are contained in ANSI/AWS A5.4 or ANSI/AWS A5.9. be accomplished by smooth draw-filing strokes (one
483
FIG. A2 WRCWRC-1992 (FN) DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELD METAL
direction only) along the length of the weld while give some explanation of the differences among these
applying a firm downward pressure. diagrams and their recommended applications.
A6.9.5 A minimum of six ferrite readings must A6.10.1 WRC-1992 Diagram8 (Fig. A2) predicts
be taken on the filed surface along the longitudinal ferrite in Ferrite Number (FN). This diagram is the
axis of the weld pad with an instrument calibrated in newest of the diagrams mentioned. Studies within the
accordance with the procedures specified in ANSI/AWS WRC Subcommittee on Welding of Stainless Steel and
A4.2, Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic within Commission II of the International Institute of
Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Welding show a closer agreement between measured
Austenitic and Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel and predicted ferrite using this diagram than when
Weld Metal (latest edition). using the DeLong Diagram. It should be noted that
predictions of the WRC-1992 Diagram are independent
A6.9.6 The readings obtained must be averaged
of silicon and manganese contents because these ele-
to a single value for conversion to Ferrite Number.
ments were not found to have statistically significant
A6.10 The ferrite content of welds may be calculated effects. The WRC-1992 Diagram is preferred for 300
from the chemical composition of the weld deposit. series stainless steels and for duplex stainless alloys.
This can be done from one of several constitution It may not be applicable to compositions having greater
diagrams; these are the WRC-1992 (Fig. A2), the Espy
Diagram (Fig. A3), and the DeLong Diagram (Fig. 8 D. J. Kotecki, T. A. Siewert, WRC-1992 Constitution Diagram
A4). There may be a wide range of results obtained for Stainless Steel Weld Metals: A Modification of the WRC-1988
from one diagram to another. The following paragraphs Diagram. Welding Journal 71[5] 171s178s (1992).
484
FIG. A3 ESPY PERCENT FERRITE DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS WELD METAL
than 0.2 percent of nitrogen and greater than 10 percent publications of this specification may not include the
of manganese. DeLong Diagram.
A6.10.2 Espy Diagram9 (Fig. A3) calculates the A6.10.4 The differences between measured and
percent ferrite rather than FN of deposits of the 200 calculated ferrite are somewhat dependent on the ferrite
series (see A2.1) having manganese levels up to 15 level of the deposit, increasing as the ferrite level
percent and nitrogen contents up 0.35 percent (i.e., increases. The agreement between the calculated and
nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steels). measured ferrite values is also strongly dependent on
A6.10.3 DeLong Diagram10 (Fig. A4) is a modified the quality of the chemical analysis. Variations in
Schaeffler Diagram11 predicting the Ferrite Number the results of the chemical analyses encountered from
(FN) up to a maximum of 18 FN. The diagram includes laboratory to laboratory can have significant effects on
the nitrogen level in the calculation to predict the FN. the calculated ferrite value, changing it as much as 4
The DeLong modifications to the Schaeffler Diagram to 8 FN.
provide a better correlation between the calculated and
measured ferrite content of the weld metal; therefore, A7. Description and Intended Use of Electrodes
the Schaeffler Diagram is not shown in this specification. and Rods
The new WRC 1992 Diagram (see Fig. A2) is the
most accurate and preferred diagram for predicting the A7.1 Composition Considerations
ferrite in 300 series stainless steel weld metals. Future
A7.1.1 The chemical composition requirements for
9 R.
these electrodes and rods are patterned after those
H. Espy, Weldability of Nitrogen-Strengthened Stainless Steels.
Welding Journal 61[5] 149s156s, 1982. of ANSI/AWS A5.4, Specification for Stainless Steel
10 W. T. DeLong, 1974 Adams Lecture; Ferrite in Austenitic Stainless Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding, and ANSI/
Steel Weld Metal. Welding Journal 53[7] 273-s to 286-s (1974). AWS A5.9, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Elec-
11 A. E. Schaeffler, Metal Progress, 56, 680680B. trodes and Rods.
485
FIG. A4 DeLONG (FN) DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELD METAL
A7.1.2 The chemical composition requirements of A7.2 Intended Use of Electrodes and Rods
the EXXXTX-1 and EXXXTX-4 classifications are very
similar. The requirements of the EXXXT0-3 classifica- A7.2.1 E307TX-X. The nominal composition
tions are different from those of the previous two (wt.%) of this weld metal is 19 Cr, 9.7 Ni, 1.0 Mo
because self-shielding with a slag system alone is not and 4 Mn. These electrodes are used primarily for
as effective as shielding with a combination of a slag moderate strength welds with good crack resistance
system and an external shielding gas. The EXXXT0- between dissimilar steels, such as welding austenitic
3 deposits, therefore, usually have a higher nitrogen manganese steel to carbon steel forgings or castings.
content. This means that, in order to control the ferrite A7.2.2 E308TX-X. The nominal composition
content of the weld metal, the chemical compositions (wt.%) of this weld metal is 19.5 Cr and 10 Ni.
of the EXXXT0-3 deposits must have different Electrodes of this classification are most often used to
Cr/Ni ratios than those of EXXXTX-1 and EXXXTX- weld base metal of similar composition such as AISI
4 deposits. Types 301, 302, 304, 305, and 308.
Since the atmosphere generated by E316LKT0-3
electrodes more efficiently shield the arc from nitrogen A7.2.3 E308LTX-X. The composition of this weld
pickup than that produced by other EXXXT0-3 elec- metal is the same as that of E308TX-X, except for
trodes, the Cr/Ni ratio can be the same as for EXXXTX- carbon content. By specifying low carbon in this alloy,
1 deposits without a loss of ferrite control. it is possible to obtain resistance to intergranular corro-
486
sion due to carbide precipitation without the use of A7.2.9 E309LTX-X. The composition of this weld
stabilizers such as columbium (niobium) or titanium. metal is the same as E309TX-X, except for the carbon
This low-carbon alloy, however, is not as strong at content. By specifying low carbon in this alloy, it is
elevated temperature as the E308 and columbium (nio- possible to obtain resistance to intergranular corrosion
bium)-stabilized alloys. due to carbide precipitation without the use of stabilizers
such as columbium (niobium) or titanium. This low
A7.2.4 E308HTX-X. The composition of this weld carbon alloy, however, is not as strong at elevated
metal is the same as that of E308TX-X except for temperature as Type 309 or the columbium (niobium)-
carbon content which is in the high end of the range, stabilized modification. A primary application of this
0.04 to 0.08 wt.%. Carbon content in this range provides alloy is the first layer cladding of carbon steel if no
higher tensile and creep strength at elevated tempera- columbium additions are required.
tures. These electrodes are used primarily for welding
type 304H base metal. A7.2.10 E309MoTX-X. The composition of this
weld metal is the same as that of E309TX-X weld
A7.2.5 E308MoTX-X. The composition of this metal, except for the addition of 23 wt.% of molybde-
weld metal is the same as that of E308TX-X weld num. These electrodes are used to join stainless steel
metal, except for the addition of 23 wt.% molybdenum. to carbon and low-alloy steels for service below 600F
This electrode is recommended for welding CF8M (316C), and for overlaying of carbon and low-alloy
stainless steel castings, as it matches the base metal steels. The presence of molybdenum provides pitting
with regard to chromium, nickel, and molybdenum.12 resistance in a halide environment and helps provide
This grade may also be used for welding wrought high temperature ductility in dissimilar joints. The ferrite
metals such as Type 316L when a ferrite content higher level for this electrode is approximately 18 FN.
than attainable with E316LTX-X electrodes is desired.
A7.2.11 E309LMoTX-X. The composition of this
A7.2.6 E308HMoT0-3. The composition of this weld metal is the same as E309MoTX-X weld metal,
weld metal is the same as that of E308MoTX-X, except except for the lower carbon content. These electrodes
that the carbon content has been restricted to the higher are used to join stainless steel to carbon and low-
portion of the range. The higher carbon content provides alloy steels for service below 600F (316C), and for
higher strength at elevated temperatures. overlaying of carbon and low-alloy steels. The presence
A7.2.7 E308LMoTX-X. The composition of this of molybdenum provides pitting resistance in a halide
weld metal is the same as that of E308MoTX-X weld environment and helps provide high temperature ductil-
metal, except for the lower carbon content. These ity in dissimilar joints. The ferrite level for this electrode
electrodes are recommended for welding CF3M stainless is approximately 20 FN.
steel castings, to match the base metal with regard to A7.2.12 E309LNiMoTX-X. The composition of
chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. This grade also this weld metal is essentially the same as E309LMoTX-
may be used for welding wrought metals such as X except for the lower chromium and higher nickel
type 316L stainless when ferrite content higher than content. The purpose of this modification is to achieve
attainable with E316LTX-X electrodes is desired. a lower deposit ferrite content (typically 812 FN)
A7.2.8 E309TX-X. The nominal composition when compared to E309LMoTX-X (typically 1620
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 23.5 Cr and 13 Ni. FN). This chemistry is required by the pulp and paper
Electrodes of this classification commonly are used for industry for joining applications. The lower ferrite
welding similar alloys in wrought or cast forms. They content leads to better corrosion resistance due to a
are used in welding dissimilar metals, such as joining decreased potential for chromium-nitride precipitation.
Type 304 to mild steel, welding the stainless steel side
A7.2.13 E309LCbTX-X. The composition of this
of Type 304 clad steels, and applying stainless steel
weld metal is the same as E309LTX-X weld metal,
sheet linings to carbon steel sheets. Occasionally, they
except for the addition of 0.7 to 1.0 wt.% of Cb (Nb).
are used to weld Type 304 base metals where severe
These electrodes are used to overlay carbon and low
corrosion conditions exist that require higher alloy
alloy steels and produce a columbium (niobium) stabi-
content weld metal.
lized first layer on such overlays.
12 CF8M and CF3M are designations of ASTM A351, Specification A7.2.14 E310TX-X. The nominal composition
for Steel Castings, Austenitic, for High Temperature Service. (wt.%) of this weld metal is 26.5 Cr and 21 Ni. These
487
electrodes are most often used to weld base metals of A7.2.19 E317LTX-X. The nominal composition
similar compositions. (wt.%) of this weld metal is 19.5 Cr, 13 Ni, and 3.5
Mo. These electrodes usually are used for welding
A7.2.15 E312TX-X. The nominal composition alloys of similar composition and are usually limited
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 30 Cr and 9 Ni. These to severe corrosion applications. Low carbon (0.03 wt.%
electrodes most often are used to weld dissimilar metal maximum) in this filler metal reduces the possibility
compositions of which one component is high in nickel. of intergranular carbide precipitation and thereby in-
This alloy gives a two-phase weld deposit with substan- creases the resistance to intergranular corrosion without
tial amounts of ferrite in an austenitic matrix. Even the use of stabilizers such as columbium or titanium.
with considerable dilution by austenite-forming ele- This low-carbon alloy, however, may not be so strong
ments, such as nickel, the microstructure remains two- at elevated temperatures as the columbium (niobium)
phase and thus highly resistant to weld metal cracks stabilized alloys or Type 317.
and fissures.
A7.2.20 E347TX-X. The nominal composition
A7.2.16 E316TX-X. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this weld metal is 19.5 Cr and 10 Ni with
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 18.5 Cr, 12.5 Ni, and Cb (Nb) added as a stabilizer. The alloy is often
2.5 Mo. Electrodes of this classification usually are used referred to as a stabilized Type 308 alloy, indicating
for welding similar alloys (about 2 wt.% molybdenum). that it normally is not subject to intergranular corrosion
These electrodes have been used successfully in applica- from carbide precipitation. Electrodes of this classifica-
tions involving special alloys for high-temperature ser- tion usually are used for welding chromium-nickel steel
vice. The presence of molybdenum provides increased base metals of similar composition stabilized either
creep resistance at elevated temperatures and pitting with columbium (niobium) or titanium.
resistance in a halide environment. Although columbium (niobium) is the stabilizing
element usually specified in 347 alloys, it should be
A7.2.17 E316LTX-X. The composition of this recognized that tantalum also may be present. Tantalum
weld metal is the same as E316TX-X electrodes, except and columbium (niobium) are almost equally effective
for the lower carbon content. By specifying low carbon in stabilizing carbon and in providing high-temperature
in this alloy, it is possible to obtain resistance to strength. The usual commercial practice is to report
intergranular corrosion due to carbide precipitation with- columbium (niobium) as the sum of the columbium
out the use of stabilizers such as columbium (niobium) plus tantalum. Crack sensitivity of the weld may increase
or titanium. This low-carbon alloy, however, is not substantially, if dilution by the base metal produces a
as strong at elevated temperatures as the columbium low ferrite or fully austenitic weld metal deposit.
(niobium)-stabilized alloys.
A7.2.18 E316LKT0-3. The composition of this
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 12 Cr with Ti added as
weld metal is the same as E316LTX-X. These elec-
a stabilizer. These electrodes, which produce a ferritic
trodes, however, are self-shielding and are used pri-
microstructure, often are used to weld base metal of
marily for welding stainless steels for cryogenic service.
similar composition.
Although the nominal chromium, nickel, and molybde-
num content of E316LKT0-3 filler metal is essentially
the same as the other E316 grades, special attention A7.2.22 E410TX-X. This 12 Cr (wt.%) alloy is
is given to it in order to maximize low-temperature an air-hardening steel and, therefore, requires preheat
toughness. Minimizing the content of carbon and nitro- and postheat treatments in order to achieve welds of
gen improves the toughness. Low nitrogen content is adequate ductility for most engineering purposes. The
achieved by providing a more efficient slag system than most common application of electrodes of this classifi-
is employed with EXXXT0-3 self-shielding electrodes. cation is for welding alloys of similar composition.
Delta ferrite in the weld metal has an adverse effect They also are used for surfacing of carbon steels to
on toughness; therefore, the chemical composition of resist corrosion, erosion, or abrasion, such as that which
the weld metal is balanced to provide a low maximum occur in valve seats and other valve parts.
ferrite content (3 FN or less). Fully austenitic weld
metal is preferred from a toughness standpoint; however, A7.2.23 E410NiMoTX-X. The nominal composi-
it is recognized that the tendency for weld metal tion (wt.%) of this weld metal is 11.5 Cr, 4.5 Ni, and
fissuring is greater in fully austenitic weld metals. 0.55 Mo. This electrode generally is used to weld
488
CA6NM castings or similar materials.13 These electrodes A7.2.29 E2553TX-X. The nominal composition
are modified to contain less chromium and more nickel (wt.%) of this weld metal is 25.5 Cr, 9.5 Ni, and 3.4
to eliminate ferrite in the microstructure, as ferrite has Mo. This electrode is used to join duplex stainless
a deleterious effect on mechanical properties. Postweld steel base metals containing approximately 25 wt.%
heat treatment in excess of 1150F (620C) may result chromium. The microstructure of the weld deposit
in rehardening due to untempered martensite in the consists of a mixture of austenite and ferrite. Because
microstructure after cooling to room temperature. of the two-phase microstructure, this alloy is one of
the family of duplex stainless steel alloys. Duplex
A7.2.24 E410NiTiTX-X. The nominal composition
stainless steels combine high tensile and yield strengths
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 11.5 Cr and 4 Ni with
with improved resistance to pitting corrosion and stress
Ti added as a stabilizer. These electrodes generally are
corrosion cracking.
used to weld base metals of similar composition.
A7.2.30 R308LT1-5. The nominal composition
A7.2.25 E430TX-X. This is a nominal 16.5 (wt.%)
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 18.5 Cr, and 10 Ni with
Cr alloy. The composition is balanced by providing
C held to 0.03 maximum. This flux cored rod is used
sufficient chromium to give adequate corrosion resist-
primarily for root pass welding of Type 304 or 304L
ance for the usual applications and yet retain sufficient
stainless steel piping joints when an inert gas backing
ductility in the heat-treated condition. (Excessive chro-
purge is either not possible or not desirable. This rod
mium will result in lower ductility.)
can only be used with the GTA process, but caution
Welding with E430TX-X electrodes may produce a
is advised as it will produce a slag cover which
partially hardened microstructure that requires pre-
must be removed before additional weld layers can be
heating and a postweld heat treatment. Optimum me-
deposited. It is recommended that the manufacturers
chanical properties and corrosion resistance are obtained
instructions and guidelines be followed when using
only when the weldment is heat treated following the
this rod.
welding operation.
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 23.5 Cr. and 13 Ni with
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 5 Cr and 0.55 Mo.
C held to 0.03 maximum. This flux cored filler rod is
Electrodes of this classification are used for welding
used primarily for the root pass welding of carbon
base metal of similar composition, usually in the form
steel pipe to austenitic stainless steel pipe when inert
of a pipe or tube. This alloy is air-hardening. Therefore,
gas backing purge is either not possible or not desirable.
preheating and postweld heat treatment are strongly
The high Cr and Ni content allows dilution with carbon
recommended.
steel while still producing a weld metal with sufficient
A7.2.27 E505TX-X. The nominal composition alloy to resist corrosion. This rod can only be used
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 9.2 Cr and 1.0 Mo. with the GTA process but caution is advised as it will
Electrodes of this classification are used for welding produce a slag cover which must be removed before
base metal of similar composition, usually in the form additional weld layers can be deposited. It is recom-
of a pipe or tube. The alloy is air-hardening and mended that the manufacturers instructions and guide-
therefore, preheating and postweld heat treatment are lines be followed when using this rod.
strongly recommended.
A7.2.28 E2209TX-X. The nominal composition (wt.%) of this weld metal is 18.5 Cr, 13 Ni, and 2.5
(wt.%) of this weld metal is 22 Cr, 8.5 Ni, and 3.5 Mo with C held to 0.03 maximum. This flux cored
Mo. This electrode is used to join duplex stainless filler rod is used primarily for the root pass welding
steel base metals containing approximately 22 wt.% of Type 316 or 316L stainless steel piping joints when
chromium. The microstructure of the weld deposit inert gas backing purge is either not possible or not
consists of a mixture of austenite and ferrite. Because desirable. This rod can only be used with the GTAW
of the two-phase structure, the alloy is one of the process but caution is advised as it will produce a slag
family of duplex stainless steel alloys. The alloy has cover which must be removed before additional weld
good resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting layers can be deposited. It is recommended that the
corrosion attack. manufacturers instructions and guidelines be followed
when using this rod.
13 CA6NM is a designation of ASTM Specification A352, Specification
for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure Containing A7.2.33 R347T1-5. The nominal composition
Parts, Suitable for Low Temperature Service. (wt.%) of this weld metal is 19.5 Cr and 10 Ni with
489
Cb(Nb) and Ta added as stabilizers. This flux cored reproducible data when a difference exists between the
filler rod is used primarily for the root pass welding corrosion or oxidation rates of the various metal struc-
of Type 347 stainless steel piping joints when inert tures (weld metal, heat-affected zone, and unaffected
gas backing purge is either not possible or not desirable. base metal). Test samples cannot be readily standardized
This rod can only be used with the GTAW process if welding procedure and joint design are to be consid-
but caution is advised as it will produce a slag cover ered variables. Joint specimens for corrosion tests should
which must be removed before additional weld layers not be used for qualifying the electrode procedures.
can be deposited. It is recommended that the manufactur-
A8.2.2 All-weld-metal specimens for testing corro-
ers instructions and guidelines be followed when using
sion or scale resistance are prepared by following the
this rod.
procedure outlined for the preparation of pads for
chemical analysis (see Section 9). The pad size should
A8. Special Tests be at least 34 in. (19 mm) in height by 212 in. (65
mm) wide by 1 + n58 in. (25 + n16 mm) long, where
A8.1 Mechanical Properties. It is recognized that n represents the number of specimens required from
supplementary tests may be required for certain applica- the pad. Specimens measuring 12 2 14 in. (13
tions. In such cases, tests to determine specific properties 50 6.4 mm) are machined from the top surface of
such as strength at elevated or cyrogenic temperatures the pad in such a way that the 2 in. (50 mm) dimension
may be required. ANSI/AWS A5.01 contains provisions of the specimen is parallel to the 212 in. (65 mm)
for ordering such tests. This section is included for width dimension of the pad and the 12 in. (13 mm)
the guidance of those who desire to specify such special dimension is parallel to the length of the pad.
tests. Those tests may be conducted as agreed by
supplier and purchaser. A8.2.3 The heat treatments, surface finish, and
Tests of joint specimens may be desired when the marking of the specimens prior to testing should be
intended application involves the welding of dissimilar in accordance with standard practices for tests of similar
metals. Procedures for the mechanical testing of such alloys in the wrought or cast forms. The testing proce-
joints should be in accordance with ANSI/AWS B4.0. dure should correspond to the ASTM G4, Standard
Tests of joint specimens may be influenced by the Method for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Plant Equip-
properties of the base metal and may not provide ment, or ASTM A262, Standard Practices for Detecting
adequate tests of the weld metal. Such tests should be Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stain-
considered as tests for qualifying the electrodes or rods. less Steels.
Where fabrication codes require testing welds in heat-
treated conditions other than those specified in Table A9. Safety Considerations
6, all-weld-metal tests of heat-treated specimens may
be desired. For the preparation of such specimens the A9.1 Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag,
procedures outlined in 8.4 should be used. and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting,
and allied processes. These can cause burns if precau-
A8.2 Corrosion or Scaling Tests. Although welds tionary measures are not used. Workers should wear
made with electrodes or rods covered by this specifica- protective clothing made of fire-resistant material. Pant
tion commonly are used in corrosion-or heat-resisting cuffs, open pockets, or other places on clothing that
applications, it is not practical to require tests for can catch and retain molten metal or sparks should
corrosion or scale resistance on welds or weld metal not be worn. High-top shoes or leather leggings and
specimens. Such special tests pertinent to the intended fire-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legs should
application may be conducted as agreed upon between be worn over the outside of high-top shoes. Helmets
the manufacturer and the purchaser. This section is or hand shields that provide protection for the face,
included for the guidance of those who desire such neck, and ears, and a covering to protect the head
special tests. should be used. In addition, appropriate eye protection
A8.2.1 Corrosion or scaling tests of joining speci- should be used.
mens have the advantage that the joint design and When welding overhead or in confined spaces, ear
welding procedure can be made identical to those being plugs to prevent weld spatter from entering the ear
used in fabrication. However the user must be aware canal should be worn in combination with goggles, or
that these are tests of the combined properties of the the equivalent, to give added eye protection. Clothing
weld metal, the heat-affected zone of the base metal, should be kept free of grease and oil. Combustible
and the unaffected base metal. It is difficult to obtain materials should not be carried in pockets. If any
490
combustible substance has been spilled on clothing, a The correct cable size should be used since sustained
change to clean, fire-resistant clothing should be made overloading will cause cable failure and can result in
before working with open arcs or flames. Aprons, possible electrical shock or fire hazard. All electrical
cape sleeves, leggings, and shoulder covers with bibs connections should be tight, clean, and dry. Poor connec-
designed for welding service should be used. Where tions can overheat and even melt. Further, they can
welding or cutting of unusually thick base metal is produce dangerous arcs and sparks. Water, grease, or
involved, sheet metal shields should be used for extra dirt should not be allowed to accumulate on plugs,
protection. Mechanization of highly hazardous processes sockets, or electrical units. Moisture can conduct elec-
or jobs should be considered. tricity.
Other personnel in the work area should be protected To prevent shock, the work area, equipment, and
by the use of noncombustible screens or by the use clothing should be kept dry at all times. Welders should
of appropriate protection as described in the previous wear dry gloves and rubber-soled shoes, or stand on a
paragraph. Before leaving a work area, hot work pieces dry board or insulated platform. Cables and connections
should be marked to alert other persons of this hazard. should be kept in good condition. Improper or worn
No attempt should be made to repair or disconnect electrical connections may create conditions that could
electrical equipment when it is under load; disconnection cause electrical shock or short circuits. Worn, damaged,
under load produces arcing of the contacts and may or bare cables should not be used. Open circuit voltage
cause burns or shock, or both. (Note: Burns can be should be avoided. When several welders are working
caused by touching hot equipment such as electrode with arcs of different polarities, or when a number of
holders, tips, and nozzles. Therefore, insulated gloves alternating current machines are being used, the open
should be worn when these items are handled, unless circuit voltages can be additive. The added voltages
an adequate cooling period has been allowed before increase the severity of the shock hazard.
touching.) In case of electric shock, the power should be turned
The following references are for more detailed infor- OFF. If the rescuer must resort to pulling the victim
mation on personal protection: from the live contact, nonconducting materials should
(1) American National Standards Institute. ANSI/ be used. If the victim is not breathing, cardiopulmonary
ASC Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational resuscitation (CPR) should be administered as soon as
Eye and Face Protection. New York: American National contact with the electrical source is broken. A physician
Standards Institute. should be called and CPR continued until breathing
(2) American National Standards Institute. ANSI/ has been restored, or until a physician has arrived.
ASC Z41.1, Safety-Toe Footwear. New York: American Electrical burns are treated as thermal burns; that is,
National Standards Institute. clean, cold (iced) compresses should be applied. Con-
(3) American Welding Society. ANSI/ASC Z49.1, tamination should be avoided; the area should be cov-
Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. Miami, ered with a clean, dry dressing; and the patient should
FL: American Welding Society. be transported to medical assistance.
(4) OSHA, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 Recognized safety standards such as ANSI/ASC
Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910. Washington, D.C.: Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes
U. S. Government Printing Office.14 and NFPA No. 70, The National Electrical Code should
be followed.15
A9.2 Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill.
However, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should A9.3 Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, and
not be touched. The manufacturers instructions and allied processes produce fumes and gases which may
recommended safe practices should be read and under- be harmful to health. Fumes are solid particles which
stood. Faulty installation, improper grounding, and in- originate from welding filler metals and fluxes, the
correct operation and maintenance of electrical equip- base metal, and any coatings present on the base metal.
ment are all sources of danger. Gases are produced during the welding process or may
All electrical equipment and workpieces should be be produced by the effects of process radiation on the
grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead; surrounding environment. Management, welders, and
it is used only to complete the welding circuit. A other personnel should be aware of the effects of these
separate connection is required to ground the workpiece. fumes and gases. The amount and composition of these
14 OSHA standards may be obtained from the U. S. Government 15 NFPA documents are available from the National Fire Protection
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.
491
fumes and gases depend upon the composition of the ordinarily controlled within acceptance limits by use
filler metal and base metal, welding process, current of suitable shielding enclosing the welding area.
level, arc length, and other factors.
The possible effects of overexposure range from A9.4.2 Nonionizing Radiation. The intensity and
irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system to more wavelengths of nonionizing radiant energy produced
severe complications. Effects may occur immediately depend on many factors, such as the process, welding
or at some later time. Fumes can cause symptoms such parameters, electrode and base-metal composition,
as nausea, headaches, dizziness, and metal fume fever. fluxes, and any coating or plating on the base metal.
The possibility of more serious health effects exists Some processes such as resistance welding and cold
when especially toxic materials are involved. In confined pressure welding ordinarily produce negligible quantities
spaces, the shielding gases and fumes might displace of radiant energy. However, most arc welding and
breathing air and cause asphyxiation. Ones head should cutting processes (except submerged arc when used
always be kept out of the fumes. Sufficient ventilation, properly), laser welding and torch welding, cutting,
exhaust at the arc, or both, should be used to keep brazing, or soldering can produce quantities of nonioniz-
fumes and gases from your breathing zone and the ing radiation such that precautionary measures are
general area. necessary.
In some cases, natural air movement will provide Protection from possible harmful effects caused by
enough ventilation. Where ventilation may be question- non-ionizing radiant energy from welding include the
able, air sampling should be used to determine if following measures:
corrective measures should be applied. (1) One should not look at welding arcs except
More detailed information on fumes and gases pro- through welding filter plates which meet the require-
duced by the various welding processes may be found ments of ANSI/ASC Z87.1, Practice for Occupational
in the following: and Educational Eye and Face Protection. It should
(1) The permissible exposure limits required by be noted that transparent welding curtains are not
OSHA can be found in Code of Federal Regulations, intended as welding filter plates, but rather are intended
Title 29Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910. to protect a passerby from incidental exposure.
(2) The recommended threshold limit values for these (2) Exposed skin should be protected with adequate
fumes and gases may be found in Threshold Limit gloves and clothing as specified in ANSI/ASC Z49.1,
Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes.
the Workroom Environment published by the American (3) Reflections from welding arcs should be avoided,
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists and all personnel should be protected from intense
(ACGIH).16 reflections. (Note: Paints using pigments of substantially
(3) The results of an AWS-funded study are available zinc oxide or titanium dioxide have a lower reflectance
in a report entitled, Fumes and Gases in the Welding for ultraviolet radiation.)
Environment. (4) Screens, curtains, or adequate distance from
aisles, walkways, etc., should be used to avoid exposing
A9.4 Radiation. Welding, cutting, and allied opera- passersby to welding operations.
tions may produce radiant energy (radiation) harmful (5) Safety glasses with UV protective side shields
to health. One should become acquainted with the have been shown to provide some beneficial protection
effects of this radiant energy. from ultraviolet radiation produced by welding arcs.
Radiant energy may be ionizing (such as x-rays), or
nonionizing (such as ultraviolet, visible light, or infra- A9.4.3 Ionizing radiation information sources in-
red). Radiation can produce a variety of effects such clude the following:
as skin burns and eye damage, depending on the radiant (1) American Welding Society. AWS F2.1-78, Rec-
energys wavelength and intensity, if excessive exposure ommended Safe Practices for Electron Beam Welding
occurs. and Cutting. Miami, FL: American Welding Society.
(2) Manufacturers product information literature.
A9.4.1 Ionizing Radiation. Ionizing radiation is
produced by the electron beam welding process. It is A9.4.4 Nonionizing radiation information sources
include:
16 ACGIH
(1) American National Standards Institute. ANSI/
documents are available from the American Conference
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Kemper Woods Center, 1330 ASC Z136.1, Safe Use of Lasers. New York: American
Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45240. National Standards Institute.
492
(2) American National Standards Institute. ANSI/ (7) Moss, C. E. Optical Radiation Transmission
ASC Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Levels Through Transparent Welding Curtains. Weld-
Eye and Face Protection. New York: American National ing Journal 58 (March 1979):69s75s.
Standards Institute. (8) National Technical Information Service. Non-
(3) American Welding Society. ANSI/ASC Z49.1, Ionizing Radiation Protection Special Study No. 42-
Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. Miami, 0053-77, Evaluation of the Potential Hazards from
FL: American Welding Society. Actinic Ultraviolet Radiation Generated by Electric
(4) Hinrichs, J. F. Project Committee on Radiation- Welding and Cutting Arcs. Springfield, VA: National
Summary Report. Welding Journal 57 (January Technical Information Service.17
1978):6265. (9) National Technical Information Service. Non-
(5) Marshall, W. J., Sliney, D. H., and others. Opti- Ionizing Radiation Protection Special Study No. 42-
cal Radiation Levels Produced by Air-Carbon Arc 0312-77, Evaluation of the Potential Retina Hazards
Cutting Processes. Welding Journal 59 (March from Optical Radiation Generated by Electrical Welding
1980):4346. and Cutting Arcs. Springfield, VA: National Technical
(6) Moss, C. E. and Murray, W. E. Optical Radiation Information Service.
Levels Produced in Gas Welding, Torch Brazing, and
Oxygen Cutting. Welding Journal 58 (September 17 NationalTechnical Information documents are available from the
1979):3746. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.
493

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What are the classification requirements for welding electrodes and rods according to this specification?

What are the classification requirements for welding electrodes and rods according to this specification?

What are the chemical composition requirements for the undiluted weld metal?

What are the chemical composition requirements for the undiluted weld metal?

SPECIFICATION FOR STAINLESS STEEL

ELECTRODES FOR FLUX CORED ARC WELDING

(Identical with AWS Specification A5.22-95)

1. Scope composition of the undiluted weld metal, as specified

PART A GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

EXXXTX-Gh Not Specified

AWS External Shielding

EXXXTX-G Not Specifiedd Not Specifiedd FCAW

operation. A 0 indicates flat or horizontal operation; a 1 indicates all position operation.

Primary Classification Alternate Classification

E2XXXT0-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* NR*

E2XXXT1-X Required Required Required NR* NR* NR* Required

R3XXT1-5 Required Required Required NR* Required NR* NR*

FIG. 1 PAD FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF UNDILUTED WELD METAL

FIG. 3A GROOVE WELD ASSEMBLY FOR FACE BEND TEST

FIG. 3B GROOVE WELD ASSEMBLY FOR ROOT BEND TEST

FIG. 4 PREPARATION OF FILLET WELD TEST SPECIMEN

(low-carbon classifications). For chemical analysis of TABLE 5

8.3 Weld Pad 8.4.1.2 The test assembly shall be welded in

8.4.2.3 The preheat and interpass temperatures 9. Chemical Analysis

E308HMoT0-3 80 550 30 None

E2209TX-X 100 690 20 None

R308LT1-5 75 520 35 None

FIG. 5A ROUNDED INDICATION STANDARDS FOR RADIOGRAPHIC TEST1/2 IN. PLATE

FIG. 5B ROUNDED INDICATION STANDARDS FOR RADIOGRAPHIC TEST3/4 IN. PLATE

FIG. 6 TENSION TEST SPECIMEN

for Mechanical Testing of Welds. The specimen shall

13. Impact Test (E316LKT0-3 Electrodes Only)

17. Finish and Uniformity 20. Filler Metal Identification

FIG. 8 FILLET WELD TEST SPECIMEN AND DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Package Form in. mm in. mm

Without Support With Support

Inside Diameter Inside Diameter Width of Wound

in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm

12 300 12 6 18 300 6 3 458 120 1512 400

Package Size Net Weight of Electrodeb

Type of Package in. mm lb kg

Coils Without Support As specified by purchaser c As specified by purchaser c

Coils With Support (see ID 634 170 14 6.4

OD 4 100 112 and 212 0.7 and 1.1

OD 1512 400 As specified by purchaser c

Coils with SupportStandard Dimensions and Weightsa

Width of Wound Electrode,

Electrode Size lb kg in. mm in. mm

14 6.4 634 6 18 170 6 3 3 75

FIG. 9 DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD 4 IN. (100 MM) SPOOL

FIG. A1 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

A6.4 In the opinion of the WRC Subcommittee, it

FIG. A2 WRCWRC-1992 (FN) DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELD METAL

FIG. A3 ESPY PERCENT FERRITE DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS WELD METAL

FIG. A4 DeLONG (FN) DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELD METAL

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