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    Pancreas

    Uploaded by

    Dr santosh
    The pancreas is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland located in the abdomen behind the stomach. It is roughly hammer shaped and measures 12-15 cm in length. The pancreas has a head, neck, body, and tail. It produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The pancreas also contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels. Disorders of the pancreas can include diabetes if insulin is deficient, digestive issues if pancreatic enzymes are lacking, and pancreatitis which is inflammation of the pancreas.

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    Pancreas

    Uploaded by

    Dr santosh
    509 views8 pages
    The pancreas is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland located in the abdomen behind the stomach. It is roughly hammer shaped and measures 12-15 cm in length. The pancreas has a head, neck, body, and tail. It produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The pancreas also contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels. Disorders of the pancreas can include diabetes if insulin is deficient, digestive issues if pancreatic enzymes are lacking, and pancreatitis which is inflammation of the pancreas.

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    The pancreas is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland located in the abdomen behind the stomach. It is roughly hammer shaped and measures 12-15 cm in length. The pancreas has a head, neck, body, and tail. It produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The pancreas also contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels. Disorders of the pancreas can include diabetes if insulin is deficient, digestive issues if pancreatic enzymes are lacking, and pancreatitis which is inflammation of the pancreas.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    509 views8 pages

    Pancreas

    Uploaded by

    Dr santosh
    The pancreas is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland located in the abdomen behind the stomach. It is roughly hammer shaped and measures 12-15 cm in length. The pancreas has a head, neck, body, and tail. It produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The pancreas also contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans that secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels. Disorders of the pancreas can include diabetes if insulin is deficient, digestive issues if pancreatic enzymes are lacking, and pancreatitis which is inflammation of the pancreas.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Pancreas

    The name pancreas means all flesh


    It is mixed gland having both exocrine & endocrine
    secretions
    Situation – it is situated in the ‘C’ it lies horizontal
    or transverse in posterior abdominal wall behind
    peritoneum
    Extent - from umbilical region to Lt Hypochondriac
    region
    Shape – it is roughly hammer shape
    Length - 12 to 15 cm
    Breadth - 3-4 cm broad
    Thickness – 1.5-2 cm
    Weight - 90 Gms
    Parts - it has following parts
    Head, neck, body, & tail
    Head – it is elongated Rt part of pancreas
    It is situated in 1, 2 & 3rd part of duodenum
    It has
    Two surfaces – anterior & posterior
    Four borders - superior inferior RT, Lt
    One process- uncinate process
    Uncinate process - it has two surfaces
    Anterior - superior mesentric vessels
    Posterior - aorta
    Relations
    Anterior surface - transverse colon, jejunum &
    gastroduodenal artery
    Posterior - bile duct, IVC, RT crus of diaphragm,
    terminal part of renal vein
    Superior border – it is overlapped by 1st part of
    duodenum superior pancreatico-duodenal artery
    Inferior border – it is overlapped by 3rd part of
    duodenum inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery
    Neck - it is constricted part at the junction bet
    head & body it lies in front of portal vein
    It has two surfaces
    Anterior - pylorus of stomach
    Posterior - portal vein
    Body - it is longest part of pancreas & extends
    from neck to tail
    Shape - triangular in cross section
    It has three surfaces & three borders
    Anterior surface – to form the part of stomach
    bed
    Posterior - it lies opposite the L1 & L2 vertebrae it
    is related with
    1. Aorta with SMA
    2. Veretebral column
    3. Lt Crus of diaphragm
    4. Lt Psoas major
    5. Lt Ureter
    6. Lt Kidney & suprarenal gland
    7. Lt testicular or ovarian vessels
    Inferior surface – it is covered by peritoneum it
    is related to
    1. Duodeno-jejunal flexure
    2. Coils of jejunum
    3. Lt colic flexure
    Superior border - it has
    Tuber omentale - a conical projection at the RT
    end
    Rest of border is related to splenic artery
    Anterior border – root of transverse colon
    Inferior border - superior mesenteric vessels
    Tail of pancreas - it is Lt Terminal part of
    pancreas lying bet two layers of lieno-renal
    ligament & extend up to Hilum of spleen
    Relations -
    In front - lesser sac with stomach
    Behind - spleen & splenic vessels
    Below – Lt Colic flexure
    The tail of pancreas has maximum endocrine part
    in it
    Endocrinal part consists of
    1. Islets of langerhans ( alpha & beta cells )
    Alpha cell secretes glucagon
    Beta cells secretes insulin
    Glucagon & insulin both regulates blood sugar level
    The pancreas develops from the site of junction of
    foregut & mid gut
    Foregut extends from oral cavity to 2nd part of
    duodenum where the hepatopancreatic duct opens
    Midgut extends from opening of hepatopancreatic
    duct in duodenum up to junction of Rt 2/3rd & Lt
    1/3rd of transverse colon
    Hind gut extends from junction of Rt 2/3rd & Lt
    1/3rd of transverse colon up to anal canal
    Therefore it is supplied by both arteries of foregut
    & Midgut i.e. coeliac trunk & superior mesenteric
    artery
    Blood supply - it is supplied by superior
    pancreatico duodenal artery & inferior pancreatico
    duodenal artery & branches of splenic artery there
    are two branches 1. Arteria pancreatic magna –
    supplies body & 2. Arteria caudac pancreatis –
    supplies tail
    Venous drainage - superior mesenteric vein,
    splenic vein to portal vein
    Lympathetic – pancreatico splenic group, superior
    mesenteric group
    Nerve supply - sympathetic through coeliac
    plexus parasympathetic through vagus
    Development - it develops from junction of
    foregut & mid gut
    It develops from two buds namely
    1. Dorsal pancreatic bud
    2. Ventral pancreatic bud
    These buds enlarges because of rotation of gut &
    differential growth of body wall
    These two buds fuse with each other
    Ventral pancreatic buds forms lower part of head &
    uncinate process
    Dorsal pancreatic buds forms rest of pancreas
    Ducts of pancreas - it has two ducts in it
    1. Main pancreatic duct –opens at major
    duodenal papilla it lies near the post surface
    & begins at tail & runs towards the head it
    joins with bile ducts forms hepato-pancreatic
    ampulla( ampulla of vater ) which opens at
    the summit of major duodenal papilla
    Lumen of duct is 3mm in diameter
    2. Accessory pancreatic duct – opens at minor
    duodenal papilla
    Functions - exocrine part secretes pancreatic
    juice which is used for digestion of fat
    Endocrinal part secrets hormone namely glucagon
    & insulin regulates blood sugar level
    Applied anatomy -
    1. Deficiency of insulin causes a condition called as
    diabetes mellitus
    2. Deficiency of pancreatic juice causes digestive
    distubarance
    3. Ca of head causes a condition called as
    obstructive jaundice
    4. Inflammation to pancreas called as pancreatitis
    5. Congenital anomalies like annular pancreas

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