ASM - 609 Indusries
ASM - 609 Indusries
ASM - 609 Indusries
Q4. In the present day world of globalisation our Industry needs to be more
efficient and competitive. Explain?
Ans. 1.Industrial development in India has helped in gaining self sufficiency.
2. Due to globalisation and new economic policy, India needs to be more efficient,
competitive, produce quality goods to face International competition.
Q5. What steps are taken by the govt to improve the share of industrial sector in
GDP? /What is the contribution of industry to national economy?
Ans. 1. Over the last 2 decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at
17% of GDP (insufficient industrial development, lack of technical and financial
resources).
2. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been 7% per
annum and now the growth rate for next decade is over 12%.
3. With the appropriate govt policy and efforts by industry to improve productivity,
economists predict that manufacturing industries will be able to achieve its target.
National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up to
achieve this objective.
Q6. Which is the most appropriate factor/location where industries are located?
Ans. Low Cost Factors like raw materials easy availability of labour, capital at
low rate of interest, easy and cheap supply of electricity/power and nearness to the
market.
Q10. Which 2 techniques were used in cotton textile production before 18 th century?
Ans. Cotton textiles were produced with Hand Spinning and Handloom weaving
techniques.
Q11. When was the first successful textile mill setup in India?
Ans. Mumbai, 1854.
Q16. India has world class production in spinning but the weaving cannot use high
quality yarn produced in India. Give Reasons.
Ans. Weaving is using low quality fabric because of outdated technology used in
most mills.
Q17. Why did M. Gandhi lay emphasis on spinning yarn and weaving pattern?
/Why Khadi production was encouraged?
Ans. Hand-spun khadi provides large scale employement to the weavers in their
homes as cottage industry.
Q19. Which other industrial activities are associated with cotton textile?
Ans. Chemical and Dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works.
Q20. Why is it important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting
yarn in large quantities?
Ans. 1. Garment manufacturers will have to import fabric because yarn is exported
creating loss of raw materials.
2. Export of manufactured goods earn more foreign exchange than export of yarn.
3. Import of yarn i.e. loss of foreign exchange.
Jute Textiles
India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods but stands at the second
place as an exporter after Bangladesh.
India has the 2nd largest installed capacity of spindles in the world, next to China at
around 34 million.
Q22. Why most of the Jute Textiles mills located along the banks of Hugli River in
West Bengal?
Ans.
1. Warm and humid climate which provides softness to the coarse fibre for weaving.
2. Proximity of the jute producing areas.
3.Inexpensive water transport supported by a good network of railways, roadways
and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills.
4. Abundant water for processing raw jute
5.Cheap labour from W. Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar
Pradesh.
6. Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for
export of jute goods to market.
Q25. What are the steps taken by the govt. to promote jute textiles?
Ans. 1. Govt. policy of mandatory use of jute packaging instead of plastics/ made
compulsory by the govt. to use jute fabric instead of plastic.
2. Increase jute productivity is the main objective of National Jute Policy 2005.
3. Steps taken to improve quality provide variation in jute products.
4. Ensure good prices to the jute farmers to encourage jute cultivation.
5. Promoting jute production, marketing by organising trade fairs, exhibitions etc.
6. Increasing demand of jute as its environment friendly, bio-degradable material.
Q26. India stands for largest producer of sugar cane but stands second as a world
producer of sugar. Why?
Ans. This is because the production includes Gur, Khandsari and refined sugar so
we do not stand first in the sugar world.
Q27. Why is sugar industry a rural based industry?
Ans. 1. Sugar Industry uses sugarcane as raw material which is bulky and therefore,
difficult to be transported to longer distances.
2. Looses its sucrose content due to delay caused by transport.
Q32. Why iron and steel industries are located near the source of raw material?
Ans. All the raw materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing
heavy transportation costs.
Q37. Which Industries do the public sector undertakings market their steel through?
Ans. All public sector undertakings market their steel through, Steel Authority of
India Ltd. (SAIL) [For all public sector industries]. While TISCO markets its
produce through TATA Steel [For Tata Industries].
Q39. Inspite of large quantity of production of steel, per capita consumption per
annum is 32 kg. Why?
Ans. As we do not have enough technology, financial resources to utilise iron and
steel.
Q. what are the types of nitrogenous fertilizers?
-Phophateic fertilizers, ammonium phosphate, complex fertilizers(potash is imported as there are no
reserves in india)
-10 public sector undertaking, one in co-operative at hazira in gujarat under fertilizer corporation of
india
Q. after green revolution the industry expanded to several other parts of the country, give reason.
-greeen revolution is based on the basic input chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers use petroleum
and coal and fertilizer industry was centralized. Due to the introduction of natural gas as raw marerial
which is easily transported to distant places through pipeline and enabled decentralization of fertilizer
industry.
-increasing demand of fertilizers due to green revolution.
Q. production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country's develpoment
-higher production of steel indicates the level of mechanisation
-more mechanisation leads to large scale production for indigenous industries and for export
- steel is required directly or indirectly for production of machines, transport equipment, defence
equipment and other projects. large scale consumption is an indicator of industrialisation which is an
indicator of economic development.
WATER pollution
-organic and inorganic industrial wastes discharged into rivers like paper industries, chemical, dyeing,
petroleum, refineries, tanneries, smelting plants, pesticides, fertilisers
-fly ash, iron and steel slags as solid wastes in india
-dumping of domestic waste, pollutes surface water and ground water
THERMAL pollution
-hot water from factories, thermal plants is drained into rivers, ponds before cooling
-waste from nuclear power plant
SOIL pollution
-dumpimg of wastes, glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, salts and garbage degrades the soil
and pollute the ground water also
NOISE pollution
-industrial construction activities, machinery factory equipmant, generators, saws, pneumatic and
electric drills cause noise pollution
To Reduce Smoke
use of precipitators, filters, scrubbers, separators
use of natural gas and oil instead of coal
NTPC
-major power providing corporation in india
-ISO certification for environment managment system
-aim: to preserve the natural environment and resources like water, oil, gas and fuels in the places
where power plants are set up
requires:
- optimum utilisation of equipment based on latest techniques and upgrade existing equipment
-minimum waste generation, maximize ash utilisation
-encourage afforestation
-reduce environment pollution by ash and water recycling, liquid waste managment
-ecological monitoring, online database management