R

omanian
Defence

MINISTRY OF national DEFENCE

 16
R omanian
Defence

PRIORITIES IN MOND
DEFENCE POLICY
Contents
1 • Foreword by the Minister of
National Defence
CONTRIBUTION TO 2 • Foreword by the Chief of
OPERATION General Staff
„ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR“ 3 • Priorities in MoND Defence
Policy
5 • Five years of NATO
membership
7 • Strategic partenerships
9 • Land Forces

3 12 • Air Forces
14 • Naval Forces

23 18 • Romanian Troops in
Afghanistan

22 24 22 • Romanian Troops in
Irak
23 • Romanian Troops in
Kosovo
24 • Contribution to Operation
ROMANIAN TROOPS IN IRAK „Active Endeavour“
SERVICES AND BRANCHES 25 • Engaging in EU Mission
CELEBRATIONS IN THE 26 • Romanian Military in UN
ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES Missions

7 27 • Military education – marks

the reform
32 29 • Housing for military’
employees
30 • Credibility through
STRATEGIC PARTENERSHIPS transparency
31 • Services and branches
celebrations in the
Romanian Armed Forces

27
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE
Information and Public Relations Directorate
General Staff Public Relations Section
Layout and Cover: Gabriela Chircea
Photos by: MoND photographers & PR officers
MILITARY EDUCATION – MARKS THE REFORM Printed at Military Technical Publishing Center
Foreword by the
Minister of National Defence

O
ne cannot deny strategic involvement in
the fact that major the effort of the interna-
difficulties confron- tional community to
ting the Romanian society counter terrorism; the de-
will also influence the ac- velopment of the political-
tions of the National Mili- military relations within
tary Institution. The drastic the Alliance, emphasizing
budget reduction for De- the constructive respon-
fence made us rethink the siveness of the strategic
philosophy for develop- partnership; the intensifi-
ment, under these circum- cation of the contribution
stances, and we must to conceptual and opera-
diligently take upon our- tional developments within
selves the efforts and the
European Security and De-
perspectives of continuing
fence Policy; the strength-
the development of our
ening of the political-
programs. This is why we
military dialogue as well
doctrinally, strategically
as military cooperation in
and operationally validate
the Extended Black Sea
Mihai STÃNIŞOARĂ, the fundamental missions
Region; maintaining our
Minister of National Defence of the Romanian Armed
current capabilities of de-
Forces which are based
ployable and fully sustain-
on the North-Atlantic Al-
liance and European Union able structures.
membership as well as the These are a few directions
Constitution. substantiated politically
Therefore, we are con- and in military operations
sidering: the consolidation which focus the efforts of
of the political-military the leadership of the Min-
profile of Romania within istry of National Defence
NATO, in the applied con- in maintaining, upgrading
text of the Alliance trans- and increasing the effec-
formation process, in which tiveness of a positive con-
our country should be tinuity of the European
able to assume new roles; and Euro-Atlantic integra-
the continuation of its tion process.

1
 Foreword by the
Chief of General Staff

A
fter five year membership of moment, the completion of this mis- this is the reason we struggle to esta-
Romania into the North Atlan- sion – the first large scale operation blish a real partenership between our
tic Alliance, I will invite you to when measured to the second World institution and military in view to
meet the Romanian Armed Forces, a War – will enable us make the measu- identify some manners to smoothly
vital institution of our state that is rable assessment of the degree to integrate themselves into the social
currently being undergoing a trans- which our troops – under the direct life.
formation and modernization pro- control and supervision of its General The bilateral and multinational re-
cess in deep agreement with the Staff – were able, as part of a military lationships are focused on the identi-
specific challanges of this start of the coallition, to employ a complex me- fication of the most beneficial ways
3rd millenium. chanism to force projection to long to cooperate in different areas, such
The Romanian General Staff, as a distances and sustainability in thea- as training, operations, education,
military strategic leadership struc- tres of operation. data and information exchange, so-
ture, has established and provided - The effort to participate in the cial programs to enable our military
based on its legally stipulated func- ISAF mission (International Security and parteners to take contact with
tions - its guidance to develop Roma- Assistance Force), under NATO man- the cultural values of the others.
nian Armed Forces into a solid, date, in Afghanistan has constantly These are only a few reasons I in-
reliable, flexible and dynamic body, increased from a year to another due vite you to look at this magazine
capable to fulfill any mission assig- to the Romania’s committments; at where I am sure you will find out in-
ned. present, Romanian Armed Forces has teresting and useful pieces of infor-
While ongoing its transformatio- got 1.000 troops deployed to this this mation on Romanian Armed Forces.
nal process, Romanian Armed Forces country. Moreover, we should under-
has appropriated and assumed the line the fact that this contribution
general tendency of NATO and mo- takes place over a large area, in one
reover a special focus has been given of very important zone of Afghanis-
to those activities meant to achieve tan.
the Alliance’s standards in respect In 2008 Romania hosted the
with rendering military units opera- NATO Summit at Bucharest; a conse-
tional. quence was thereafter its recognition
Romanian Armed Forces have al- from the Alliance’s states, namely the
ready military structures made ope- role assumed to provide security and
rational and validated accordingly by involve therefore into solving out the
NATO standards, including „invete- local, regional and global security is-
rate/accustomed” troops that have sues. Romania takes part into the
well experienced difficult and com- projects and initiatives for enhancing
plex missions in Irak, Afghanistan, NATO capabilities. Additionally, Ro-
West Balkans, Mediterranean Sea or mania supports the development of a
Africa. Our Romanian military troops new strategic Concept for the Al-
have also proved their professional liance to approach all the specific
capability in participation to a large areas, especially solidarity in this new
number of joint exercises conducted security environment. Admiral Gheorghe MARIN PhD.,
along with our allies. Due to their Domestically, Romanian Armed Chief of General Staff
professionalism, devotion and pre- Forces enjoys the trust of its citizens
pardness to make the ultimate sacri- and the way our military train them-
fice in the fight they are engaged, our selves and achieve their missions
troops confirmed the trustworthiness both in country and outside, is highly
they were invested with, as reliable appreciated by our people.
soldiers of our country and North Our Armed Forces is making ef-
Atalntic Allliance, as well. forts to identify the best possible so-
After the mission of six years in lutions for equipping and for
Irak, as part of a joint endeavour, the providing the necessary conditions of
Romanian Armed Forces is now training and preparing for combat.
proud to report to its citizens that the Our efforts are now directed towards
almost seven thousands troops have equipping all the Services with the
fulfill with dignity their task and con- necessary capabilities but also to-
tributed to stabilization and recons- wards modernization and mainte-
truction of Irak. Many of the realities nance of the existing capabilities.
of today and tomorrow’s Irak could We are also interested into the
not have been possible unless Roma- welfare of our troops, mostly, their
nian military participated into. At this psychological and moral status; and

2
 Priorities in MoND Defence Policy

I
In the current evolving security
environment, subject to unfore-
seeable developments, national
security can no longer be ensured
only by domestic means and en-
deavours. We highly value dialog,
close cooperation and joint action
at regional and international level.
Our security and defence policy is
entirely founded on the principles
of collective, cooperative and indi-
visible security. Therefore, our prio-
rities are driven by our twofold
status, as NATO and EU member
state, and the necessity to
strengthen bilateral relations and
regional cooperation. Therefore,
the efforts the Ministry of National based on the general objective es- • Multi-role aircrafts;
Defence focus on: tablished in the Transformation • Long-range air defence systems;
Strategy of the Romanian Armed • Multifunctional corvettes;
Developing credible defence Forces reviewed in 2007, regarding • Mine hunters;
capabilities the achievement of a modern struc- • Armoured personnel carriers;
ture. It would be fully professional, • Light armoured and non-ar-
As a sine qua non condition in
with greater mobility, efficient, moured vehicles.
achieving our defence policy prio-
flexible, deployable, sustainable,
rities, the development of credible
and capable of acting jointly and to
defence capabilities is a top priority. Romania’s commitments to
be engaged in a wide range of na-
Constant efforts are required in NATO
tional and international missions,
order to revise the force structure In order to consolidate our
from the basic restructuring phase
and build up interoperable, high- membership, the national efforts
to the operational integration
readiness, deployable and sustai- are directed towards clearly defined
phase into NATO and the European
nable forces. Since January 1, 2007, priorities, such as: meeting the
Union.
the Romanian Armed Forces have
commitments Romania made within
been completely professionalized. The procurement
the allied defence planning process,
Nevertheless, there still are forth- programs aim to:
supporting initiatives aimed at de-
coming plans to acquire interope- • Improving technical status of
veloping allied forces and capabili-
rable equipment and armament. armaments and military equip-
ties, participating in the entire
Simultaneously, human resour- ment;
range of allied operations, and en-
ces management is being impro- • Reaching EU and NATO stan-
dards; hancment of the Romanian armed
ved. This process should lead to
increased effectiveness by reducing • Using the technical and techno- forces’ level of interoperability and
duplication, providing transpa- logical capacities of Romanian operational capacity within multi-
rency, implementing a competen- industry, within the limits of national missions.
ce-based selection system and a the budget allotted for defence Romania is actively involved in
pyramid-tailored system of military procurement. the NATO transformation process,
hierarchy. both by contributing to conceptual
We have also set up as a priority The strategic programs meet the developments and taking part in
the upgrading of the planning and essential security interests of the ongoing programmes and initia-
defence resources management. country and the assumed commit- tives, including the NATO Response
Armament and military equip- ments of Romania to NATO. The Force (NRF) and the multinational
ment procurement programs are strategic programs are: capabilities commitments.

3
 Priorities in MoND Defence Policy

tive regional policy, designed to

project stability and security in the
Balkans and the Black Sea region.
The increasing strategic impor-
tance of the wider Black Sea region
requires a comprehensive approach.
To this end, our defence endea-
vours are focused on strengthening
the political-military dialog and mil-
itary bilateral cooperation, providing
defence reform assistance pro-
grams and enhancing our contribu-
tion to multinational cooperation
initiatives.

We are also contributing with By contributing with forces and

forces and capabilities to all NATO– capabilities to two Battle Groups, Participating in the Fight
led operations: International Security Romania is actively involved in the against Terrorism
Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afgha- development of the EU rapid reac- Romania’s defence policy goals
nistan, Kosovo Force (KFOR), NATO tion capacity. call for a permanent connection to
Training Mission – Iraq (NTM-I) and Moreover, we are focused on the developments of the interna-
the only Article 5 Allied Operation our involvement in the European tional security environment. Based
currently taking place in the Medi- Defence Agency and have an active on the principle of indivisible and
terranean Sea (Operation ACTIVE presence in EUFOR-Althea military cooperative security, we will con-
ENDEAVOUR). operation. tinue to be involved in the interna-
Furthermore, Romania constan- tional efforts to fight terrorism, by
tly endorsed the importance of the Projecting Regional offering intelligence capabilities
NATO partnership policy through Stability and Security and military support.
dialog and cooperation, as a critical As a NATO and EU member
element in promoting security and state, Romania promotes a proac-
stability in the Euro-Atlantic region
and beyond.
As a living proof of Romania’s
credibility among its allies, the
largest Summit in the history of the
Alliance was organized in Bucharest
in 2008.

Contributing to the
European Security and
Defence Policy
Romania is constantly strengt-
hening its commitments with forces
and capabilities in line with the Eu-
ropean Security and Defence Poli-
cy’s developments. In this regard,
our present strategic priority is to
accomplish the EU Headline Goal
2010.

4
 Five years of NATO membership

he Alliance’s major event of fifteen years of formal coopera- challenges and achievements for

T spring 2009 recently con-

cluded in Strasbourg-Kehl.
The Anniversary Summit was
tion with NATO, firstly initiated
through the PfP Program. In
January 1994, Romania was the
Romania, in terms of military
transformation and adaptation to
the requirements of the member-
meant not only to celebrate 60 first partner to sign the PfP ship status. These five years have
years of NATO but it offered a Framework document opening been one of the most demanding
unique opportunity to reaffirm the road to what would to be- periods in NATO’s history. The Al-
the allied commitment to the va- come one of the most successful liance has been involved in se -
lues and principles on which the NATO cooperation initiatives. veral operations and missions,
North-Atlantic Alliance is based. Since April 2004, as a fully fledged with an unprecedented high op-
For Romania, the significance of NATO member, Romania became erational tempo. NATO has also
this Summit is even more far part of what is known as the most engaged in a number of ambi-
reaching, as this April we cele- complex process of “re-inventing” tious projects and initiatives
brated of five years of NATO NATO. From this perspective, the aimed at transforming and adap-
ting NATO to the conditions of the
membership. Romania also marked last five years were a period of
new international environment.
Romania’s first five years in
NATO accompanied with the en-
thusiastic creation and challeng-
ing implementation of NRF, the
enduring engagement of the Al-
liance in Afghanistan. This is the
reform of NATO’s way of doing
business or the progress made in
achieving essential capabilities
such as strategic airlift and infor-
mation superiority.
As a NATO member, Romania
is fully committed to the Alliance’s
founding principles and shares
the benefits and responsibilities
of membership. Firmly observant
of the provisions of Article 5 and
supporter of a strong trans-At-
lantic link, Romania set collective
defence at the core of the Al-
liance’s security role. Neverthe-
less, the nature of the current
threats and the perspectives of
the future security environment
put a premium on the expedi-
tionary ability and the capacity to
counter threats as they arise. This
is why adapting national forces
and participating in NATO initia-
tives like NRF, strategic lift or

5
 Five years of NATO membership

ground surveillance became of ut- ternal reforms, participation in al- meet our force requirements. It
most importance. lied capability initiatives and the means continuing our participa-
Ensuring a sound contribution level of national commitments to tion with appropriate forces and
to the allied decision-making NATO missions. In terms of de- capabilities in allied operations,
process, operations and initiatives fence outputs this means a focusing on the lessons learned,
is one of the guiding principles of greater focus on reaching the
in order to feed them back in the
the Romanian national defence Force Goals and delivering more
force transformation process.
policy. Efforts are aimed at con- flexible, deployable, sustainable
With more than 1500 troops
solidating our profile within and expeditionary forces, suited
deployed in several NATO TOs,
NATO, through a coherent ap- for the full spectrum of allied op-
proach, oriented on defence erations. It means participating in ranging from Afghanistan, Kosovo
transformation on one hand and NATO initiatives that will provide and Iraq, Romania has risen to as-
contribution to the Allied opera- the necessary enabling capabili- sume its role as a security pro-
tions on the other. This approach ties, which are critical for the vider side by side with other allied
implies a correlation between in- success of the allied missions and nations.

A chronology of Romania - NATO relationships:

• March 2004 – The Prime Minister of Romania submits Romania’s accession instrument to the North Atlantic
Treaty, Washington, USA..
• April 2, 2004 – Ceremony of hoisting the Romanian National Flag at NATO Headquarters in Brussels..
• June 2004 – Annual meeting of PfP Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes takes
place in Bucharest.
• August 2004 – Romania participates in NATO Training Mission in Iraq.
• October 2004 – Poiana Braşov mountain resort (Central Romania) hosts the informal meeting of NATO De-
fence Ministers.
• November 2004 – Romania continues its troop contribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina as EUFOR ALTHEA
replaces SFOR. First Romanian Soldiers were deployed under IFOR in 1996 and under SFOR in June 1998.
• October 2005 – Romania initiates its participation in Operation Active Endeavour.
• April 2006 – August 2006 – Romania takes command of the Kabul International Airport with a detachment
of the Romanian Air Force.
• May 2006 – Romania signs the establishment documents for NATO Assistance Fund/Partnership for Peace -
OSCE/ENVSEC (Environment and Security Initiative).
• March 2007 – NAC in Brussels adopted the decision regarding the organization of 2008 NATO Summit in
Bucharest (2-4 April 2008)..
• January 2007 – December 2008 – Romania holds the second mandate as NATO Point of Contact Embassy in
Chişinău.
• August 2007 – October 2007 – Romania conducts operation “BALTICA 07” consisting in the execution of Air
Police Service for Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.
• April 2008 – NATO Summit in Bucharest..
• June 2008 – In accordance with Romania’s commitment at the NATO Summit in Bucharest, the Supreme De-
fence Council decided to increase its troop contribution in Afghanistan with 200 troops. First Romanian
forces were deployed in Afghanistan in January 2002.
• February 2009 – Romania rotates its 18th detachment under KFOR. First Romanian troops were sent in Kosovo
in March 2000.
• April 2009 – Military ceremonies are held in all Romanian units marking the anniversary of five years of
NATO membership.

6
 Strategic partnerships

USA Germany with political – military dialog,

Since 1997, Romania’s rela- The Romanian-German de- but also with contacts at the ope-
tions with the USA developed fence cooperation is based upon rational level ought to be further
within the framework of the two points of coordination that developed, in our opinion, within
Strategic Partnership. The docu- are mutually reinforcing – within the framework provided by the
Romanian-German Constructive
Strategic Partnership.
Romania sees defence coope-
ration with Germany as a prio-
rity and regards this partener as
one of the most important in
the EU.
The goals of the Romanian-
German defence cooperation
are: enhancing the political-mi-
litary dialog on Euro-Atlantic se-
curity issues; setting up direct
relations between services,
great units, military education
institutions; developing an effi-
cient in-theatre cooperation,
getting German support for
achieving Romania’s complete
ment actually represents the the EU and NATO. Current co- NATO integration and intero-
pillar for current and future co- operation that deals not just perability.
operation between the two na-
tions, emphasizing elements
that need to be enhanced in Ro-
manian-US defence relationship:
the continuous support in build-
ing and enhancing defence ca-
pabilities, training of Romanian
military personnel, bilateral con-
sultations on matters that are of
mutual concern.
The high level contacts and
The Bilateral Working Group
represent the best opportunities
for setting up the priorities for
bilateral defence cooperation
and for harmonizing the na-
tional position within the multi-
national organizations Romania
is part of.

7
 Strategic partnerships

France
Romanian-French defence co-
operation is carried out in the
context of the Romanian-French
Constructive Strategic Partner-
ship that has been set up in
order to diversify and deepen
the traditionally privileged re-
lations between the two coun-
tries.
The main guiding-lines of the
Romanian-French defence coop-
eration are listed in the “De-
fence and Security” chapter of
the Joint Presidential Statement,
issued on February 4, 2008, on
the occasion of the French Presi-
dent Nicolas SARKOZY’s visit to
Romania. Aimed at implement-
ing the Strategic Partnership
and the “Feuille du Route”, these
guidelines are as follows:
• Consolidating the joint mili- Italy
• Consolidating interoperabi-
tary capabilities; Our Constructive Strategic
lity between the armed forces
• Developing new ways of co- Partnership with Italy aims at:
of the two nations in the field
operation in the field of ar- developing bilateral military re-
of education and training;
mament. lations, enhancing Italy’s political
and military support for Roma-
nian military personnel, fighting
against terrorism, and strengt-
hening the southern flank of the
Alliance.
The existing regional initia-
tives, in which Romania and
Italy take part, are good exam-
ples of how instrumental re-
gional cooperation can be used
to provide a credible foundation
for building security and stabi-
lity. Nevertheless, they could be
considered as solid proof of the
armed forces’ adaptability to
new security challenges.

8
 Land Forces

Goals: important role in meeting the

The Romanian Land Forces commitments assumed by Ro-
are the main component of the mania, in terms of defence and
Romanian Armed Forces. The security, to NATO, EU or other
Land Forces are assigned to international bodies.
carry out a whole range of land In order to carry out the mis-
and airborne military opera- sions assigned, the Romanian
tions, independently or jointly Land Forces focuses on planning
with other services, either under
a new and flexible force struc- • Extracting and evacuating
a national contributor or under
ture, fully professional, designed Romanian citizens from for-
a multinational military force
to be highly mobile, efficient, eign countries;
command in NATO or EU-led
flexible, deployable, sustainable • Securing military facilities,
operations. transports and communica-
The Romanian Land Forces and able to operate wherever it
might be needed, at home, or tions;
contribute significantly to the • Providing ceremonial, protec-
security of Romania and to the abroad.
tion and protocol services.
achievement of the capabilities
necessary to the Romanian Armed Missions: Defend Romania and its Allies by:
At peacetime: • Deterring and repelling any
Forces in order to promote and
• Participating in the integra- armed aggression against Ro-
protect the national interests re-
mania or its Allies, as a con-
lated to current or future risks ted management of the Ro-
tributor to NATO collective
and threats. The service plays an manian state borders;
defence;
• Assisting the work of the
Government bodies and pro-
tecting the population.
Promote regional and global
stability by:
• Using defence diplomacy
means;
• Contributing to crisis res-
ponse operations (CRO);
• Contributing to human assis-
tance operations abroad;
• Contributing to military ope-
rations in coalitions;
• Contributing to defence co-
operation initiatives and to
the implementation of the
measures taken in order to
enhance trust and stability;
• Providing military assistance
and support to other states.
Support the state and local au-
thorities in case of civil emer-
gencies by:

9
 Land Forces

Contributing with forces and

logistic support to disaster relief
operations;
Providing assistance in cases
of chemical, biological, radio-
logical or nuclear accidents.

Missions accomplished:
Contribution to relief operations
in case of natural disasters by:
• Assisting the efforts of local
authorities to limit the effects
of floods in 2005, 2006, and
2008;
• Assisting the local population
by providing drinking water • Self-propelled Air Defence NATO and
and food supplies, rescuing System “GEPARD”, cal. 2 x 35 EU earmarked forces:
isolated persons, evacuation mm; The Land Component Forces
of population and goods in • MLRS system LAR-MK-4, committed to NATO and EU mis-
2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008. LAROM; sions, underwent an extensive

Contribution to missions abroad by:

Participating in NATO, EU and Coalition operations:
In Afghanistan:
– ISAF – International Security Assistance Force:
– OEF – Operation “ENDURING FREEDOM.”
In Iraq:
– OIS – Operation “Iraqi Sunset”;
– NTM I – NATO Training Mission Iraq.
In the Balkans:
– KFOR– NATO-led operation in Kosovo;
– ALTHEA – EU-led operation in Bosnia-Herzegovina;
– EU HELBROC Battle Group, together with forces from Greece, Bulgaria and Cyprus.
In regional initiatives:
– SEEBRIG/MPFSEE – South East European Brigade/Multinational Peace Force South Eastern
Europe;
– Joint Romanian-Hungarian Peacekeeping Battalion.

Major acquisition/ • Armoured Personnel Carrier; operationalisation process be-

upgrading programmes: • Light armoured and non-ar- tween 2005 and 2007. The main
• The Infantry Fighting Vehicle
moured field vehicles; objective of this process was to
MLI-84 “JDERUL”;
• Battalion level Integrated fulfil the commitments assumed
• The Romanian Tank TR-85
Communication and Informa- within NATO. The Land Forces
M1 “BIZONUL”;
tion System; units already affirmed by NATO
• Towed Air Defence System
• Medical Capabilities ROL 2. commands are:
“VIFORUL”, cal. 2x35 mm;

10
Land Forces

• Infantry Mechanised Brigade

(High Readiness Force);
• Mountain Troop Brigade
(Low Readiness Force);
• LAROM Battalion;
• Special Operations Command
(including one special opera-
tions company);
• CIMIC Company and ten
CIMIC professionals;
• Transportation Battalion Com-
mand (including one trans-
port company);
• NBC Decontamination Com-
pany;
• Military Police Company;
• Electronic Warfare Company;
• Psychological operations ele-
ment, brigade level.

LAND FORCES STAFF

COMMAND GROUP INFANTRY DIVISION

TRAINING AND
DOCTRINE OTHER STRUCTURES

RESOURCES

LAND OPERATIONAL
COMPONENT

11
 Air Force

The AF goal is to generate, Missions:

use and sustain Air Power in At peace:
combat operations, carried out • Ensure Romanian national
at home and abroad, in coope- sovereignty and integrity of
ration with the Allies or coalition national Air Space;
• Increase potential and pro-
partners. The AF is designed to
vide operational capability of
defend the Romanian sover-
the Romanian Armed Forces
eignty during peacetime. Con- in the Air Space;
currently, the AF controls the • Air Police missions (NATI-
Goals: strategically relevant Air Space NADS);
The Romanian Air Force (AF)
during a crisis or armed conflict • Integrate into Euro-Atlantic
is an important element of na-
situations. Another goal of the structures;
tional defence, and an effective
AF is to diminish the aggressor’s • Participate in prevention and
tool in providing security. As
military potential and improve limitation of new risks and
part of the Armed Forces, the AF
threats, and provide relief
ensures security of Romania and effectiveness of the other forces
after disasters, during contin-
its inhabitants, while projecting within the national defence sys-
gency situations.
abroad Romania’s interests re- tem, during crisis management
At times of crisis: the AF car-
lated to peace and security. and military operations. ries out the same missions
stated above, with increased ca-
pabilities.
At war: missions are in accor-
dance with Romania’s status as
a NATO and EU member. For in-
stance, the defence of the na-
tional Air Space is carried out
within NATINADS with limited
transfer of authority to NATO
Air Defence commanders. The
AF acts in the full spectrum of
NATO operations with NATO-
declared forces.
The Air Force:
• Maintains control of the na-
tional Air Space;
• Decreases aggressor’s mili-
tary and economic potential;
• Augments operational capa-
bility of the other military
branches or elements of the
National Defence System.

12
Air Force

Mission accomplished: Forces assigned to NATO

• Disaster relief (e. g., in the aftermath of the 2005 and 2006 and EU: fighters, transport air-
floods, the AF built an effective air bridge to the eastern part of crafts, transport and specialised
helicopters, force protection
the country);
units.
• Air lift at home and abroad (e. g., the AF ensures rotation of na-
tional contingents for Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq);
• Operation EUFOR Althea (Banja Luka) with two helicopter de-
tachments in 2005;
• Lead Nation in KAIA in 2006;
• The 13th Rotation (Aug – Oct 07) of the Interim Solution for Air
Policing in the Baltic States;
• The Air Security Operation during NATO Summit held in
Bucharest in April 2008.

AIR FORCE STAFF

SPECIAL STAFF AF Base

TRAINING AND
DOCTRINE Airlift Base

RESOURCES SAM Brigade

EWB Unit
AIR OPERATIONAL
COMPONENT
Other Structures

13
 Naval Forces

Goals:
Promote and defend Roman-
ian interests and sovereign
rights at sea and on rivers inde-
pendently or in close coopera-
tion with other national or
actions; evacuation of Ro- cation at sea and on rivers;
multinational forces within the
framework of NATO and re- manian citizens from danger- repelling a naval aggression;
gional commitments. ous areas; hydrographical • Promote regional and global
and navigational research; stability; participation in Cri-
Missions: • Defence of national territory sis Response, Peace Support
• Peacetime contribution to na-
and Romania’s allies: partici- and Humanitarian Assistance
tional security: Naval surveil-
lance and early warning; pation in NATO Collective Ops; participation in regional
participation in the fight Defence Operations; protec- initiatives; implementation of
against terrorism and illegal tion of the lines of communi- CSBMs;

14
Naval Forces

• Assist state institutions and local authorities in Forces assigned to NATO:

case of civil emergencies: Disaster Relief Sup- • HRF: 1 Frigate, 2006
port; Search and Rescue. • FLR: 1 Frigate, 2006; MCM capability for port
clearance; 1 EOD Divers Team, 2008; SOF Mari-
Modernization and acquisition time Task Unit, 2008
programs:
• Frigates Type – T 22; Mission accomplished:
• Minesweepers; • Operation ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR
• Multifunctional Corvettes; • NRF/EOD
• Integrated Naval CIS; • BLACKSEAFOR
• Hydrological and Meteorological Information • PEACE SUPPORT OPERATION (KOSOVO
Systems; ROFND)
• Maritime Surveillance System/ Black Sea Coast

NAVAL FORCES STAFF

FLEET COMMAND NAVAL LOGISTICS

BASE

FRIGATE FLOTILLA MARITIME HYDROGRAPHYC

DIRECTORATE
MSM SQUADRON
DIVERS CENTER
CORVETTES SQUADRON
MARITIME
RIVERINE COMPONENT SURVEILLANCE CENTER

NAVAL INFANTRY
NAVAL MISSILE
BATTALION
SQUADRON
COMPUTER CENTER
SIGNAL BATTALION

HELICOPTERS GROUP TRAINING, EVALUATION

AND SIMULATION
CENTER

SUPPORT BATTALION

OTHER STRUCTURES

15
16
17
 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

omania has been participating with staff per-

R sonnel, military police forces and one C-130

aircraft, since the beginning of operations in
Afghanistan. After July 2002, an Infantry battalion
(about 400 troops) was deployed in the theatre.

Participation included the two large operations

conducted in the area: ISAF (International Secu-
rity Assistance Force) and OEF (Operation “EN-
DURING FREEDOM”.)
In July 2002, the 36th Infantry Battalion “RED
SCORPIONS” was the first Romanian Infantry Bat-
talion deployed in the theatre – Kandahar Airfield,
(about 400 troops). It was the first Romanian mi-
litary detachment involved in war operations,
Romanian participation involves different mili- since World War II.
tary branches, such as: medical, information / in-
Romania has also participated in the ANA
telligence, military police, air traffic, and combat
TRAINING process with Mobile Training Teams
forces.
since May 2003. In August 2004 we increased our
participation with an Embedded Training Team –
ETT and Maintenance Team.

The missions assigned to

Romanian troops cover:
• Patrolling, recce, and data gathering;
• Convoy and personnel escort;
• Guarding and defending facilities;
• Providing medical assistance;
• CIMIC support;
• Training Afghan forces;
• Securing Highway 1 in Zabul province
(present mission);
• Disrupt insurgent operations and LOC’s.

18
 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

Our teams have contributed to the training • January-July 2007 – the 812th Inf Bn, about 500
process of the Mechanized, Tanks and Logistic troops – TF ZABUL
Battalion of the 3rd Quick Reaction Bde & Central • July-December 2007 – the 33rd Mountain Inf Bn,
Army Corp, training of drivers for combat vehi- about 500 troops – TF ZABUL
cles, maintenance of military vehicles and equip- • January-July 2008 – the 300th Inf Bn, about 500
ment and to the translation of different training troops – TF ZABUL
manuals.

Romanian Army rotated two Infantry Batta- • July-December 2008 – the 30th Mountain Inf Bn,
lions per year in the theatre of operations in about 500 troops – TF ZABUL
Afghanistan, as follows: • January-July 2009 – the 21st Mountain Troops
• January-July 2003 – the 812th Inf Bn, about 400 Bn, about 741 troops – TF ZABUL.
troops – Kandahar Airfield. • Starting July 2009 – the 280th Inf Bn, about 900
• July-December 2003 – the 151st Inf Bn, about troops – TF ZABUL.
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield
• January-July 2004 – the 280th Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield
• July-December 2004 –the 281st Inf Bn, about
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield
• January-July 2005 – the 300th Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield
• July-December 2005 – the 151st Inf Bn, about
400 troops – Kandahar Airfield
• January-July 2006 – the 341st Inf Bn, about 400
troops – Kandahar Airfield
• July-December 2006 – the 2nd Inf Bn, about 500
troops – TF ZABUL

19
 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

Since October 2006, when NATO – ISAF took bility paving the way for reconstruction and ef-
command of the military forces from the Eastern fective governance.
Afghanistan, more than 3,000 Romanian troops On SACEUR request, between August and No-
operated within ISAF.
vember 2005, Romania activated the Strategic Re-
Romanian troops, alongside other NATO Allies,
are a key component of the international com- serve consisting of an Infantry battalion for the
munity’s engagement in Afghanistan assisting the security of the election process in Afghanistan in
Afghan authorities in providing security and sta- 2005.

20
 Romanian Troops in Afghanistan

• 2005 – 1020 troops, consisting of one Infantry

Battalion assigned as SACEUR’s SRF – for en-
hancing security during the elections in Kabul,
one Military Police Platoon, one Mobile Obser-
vation Team, one Medical Team, one Aircraft
C-130 operating from Otopeni airport, one In-
fantry Battalion, ANA Training Detachment,
and staff personnel;
• 2006 – 980 troops, consisting of one Military
Police Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team,
Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 operating
from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Battalion,
one Infantry Coy Kandahar AF, one ANA Trai-
ning Detachment, and staff personnel; be-
tween January-July 2006, as part of SEEBRIG
Between April and August 2006 Romania was HQ we participated with 1 HQ Coy, 1 Signal
the Lead Nation in command of Kabul Interna- Coy and staff officers in KMNB HQ;
tional Airport (KAIA). • 2007 – 1080 troops: consisting of one Military
The total number of Romanian troops engaged Police Platoon, one Mobile Observation Team,
in operations in Afghanistan in chronological one Medical Team, one Aircraft C-130 opera-
order is as follows: ting from Otopeni airport, one Infantry Batta-
• 2003 – 876 troops, consisting of Military Police, lion, one Infantry Coy Kandahar AF, one ANA
Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team, one Training Detachment, one SOF group and staff
Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni airport, personnel;
one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training Detach- • 2008 – 822 troops (per rotation): one Infantry
ment, and staff personnel; Battalion, one ANA Training Detachment, 1
• 2004 –1073 troops, consisting of Military Po- SOF Group, and staff personnel.
lice, Mobile Observation Team, Medical Team, At present there are approximately 950 Ro-
one Aircraft C-130 operating from Otopeni air- manian troops deployed in Afghanistan, about
port, one Infantry Battalion, ANA Training De- 890 in ISAF mission and approximately 60 in Ope-
tachment, and staff personnel; ration “ENDURING FREEDOM.”

21
 Romanian Troops in Iraq

omania’s participation in the

R international efforts meant

to bring stabilization to Iraq
was both within the Multinational
Force (MNF-I) and NATO Training
Mission (NTM-I.)
Romania deployed its first ope-
rational forces in Operation
„IRAQI FREEDOM” in July 2003.
The main contingent consisted in
an Infantry Battalion, staff and lia-
ison personnel, Intelligence offi-
cers, an Engineer and a Military
Police Detachment. There were
about 840 military personnel in-
volved in the initial stage.
Romanian staff officers also
carried out training missions in
Romania is the only country of
Baghdad under NTM-I, missions
the Coalition who has contributed
meant to implement NATO’s de- The Romanian contribution to with specialized medical teams in
cision taken at the Istanbul Sum- bring stabilisation in Iraq in- three US military hospitals (Abu
mit, in support of Iraqi Security cluded Engineer Detachments, Ghraib, Camp Cropper and Camp
Force. Another element within Military Police, Infantry
Bucca) from November 2004.
NTM-I program is conducting a troops, Medical teams, intelli-
Since then, nine medical deta-
training course for Iraqi officers in gence personnel.
chments have been rotated in
Brasov/Romania, at the NATO PfP theatre, each of them consiting in
Regional Training Centre. 20 medical officers and NCOs.
Following the UN request, a
Romanian Infantry company was
deployed to Basra in order to en-
sure the security of the UN per-
sonnel in the region, from 2005
to 2007.
Starting with December 31,
2008, Romanian troops have been
taking part in Operation “IRAQI
SUNSET”, based on a bilateral
agreement between the Roman-
ian and Iraqi governments that al-
lowed Romanian troops to conduct
training and humanitarian mis-
sions in Iraq until July 2009. This
operation concluded Romania’s
six-year participation in Iraq.

22
 Romanian Troops in Kosovo

omania has contributed to

R the International Peace Force

Command structures since
2001 with a traffic control platoon
– consisting of 25 soldiers – de-
ployed to Djeneral Jankovic re-
gion, under Greek contingent
command.
The main missions of this pla-
toon included: the traffic control
and security on roads for the KFOR
convoys in the Northern part of
Djeneral Jancovic region, opera-
ting traffic check-points and mo-
bile patrols, feed information
regarding the road and traffic con-
ditions to the KFOR Transporta-
tion Coordination Joint Centre,
provide guard and protection for
Djeneral Jancovic camp. The troops
were rotated every six months until July 2003 • Checking the enforcement of the Peace Agree-
when the mission ended. ment stipulations;

The Romanian soldiers carried out a wide range of missions as: the permanent control of their area
of responsibility (by pedestrian and vehicle patrolling, both by day and by night), the enforcement
of the Peace Agreement stipulations, the detection and seizure of illegal armament, providing a
rapid reaction squad for intervention, convoy and VIP escorts inside and outside the area of re-
sponsibility, contribution to anti-smuggling campaign “BLACK CARGO”, specific missions to pre-
vent the smugglers’ intrusion in Kosovo by joint air-land operations, with the air helicopter support
along the province border, joint actions with the United Nations Missions Police Force in Kosovo
(UNMIK POL).

• The guard and defence of the military camp,

The same year, 2003, an Infantry Company –
of religious sites and people attending their
consisting of 89 soldiers and the correspondent
services;
military equipment – was deployed in Kosovo to
• Free access and movement on the roads in
NOTHING HILL Camp, near LEPOSAVIC, and car-
their area of responsibility (by patrolling and
ried out missions under the joint command of the
check-points);
Belgian-Luxembourg-Ukrainian-Romanian Deta-
• Search and collect illegal armament and pro-
chment (KFOR-BELUKRORO). hibited materials;
The troop rotation for this Infantry Company • The civilians’ protection on their return home
took place every four months. The mission of this within the area of responsibility.
company ended in 2003. • At present, the Romanian Armed Forces con-
ROFND consisting of approximately 85 troops tribute to KFOR mission with approximately
has been carrying out missions since 2002, under 150 troops consisting of Romanian Force Na-
the Italian Detachment Command, Multinational tional Detachment (ROFND), staff personnel,
Tactical Force West (MNTF – W), such as: intelligence personnel and liaison staff.

23
 Contribution to Operation
„Active Endeavour“

The Romanian frigates carried out maritime

patrol missions under the command of the Al-
lied Maritime Component Naples (CC – MAR
Naples).
The missions consisted in:
• Deterring and unsettling the activities sup-
porting terrorism at sea or from the sea;
• The escort of the civil ships crossing the Strait
of Gibraltar – when necessary;
• Support to Mediterranean Dialogue Pro-
gram and other programs for promoting the
development of bilateral and multilateral
relations.

peration “ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR” is the re-

O sponse of the North-Atlantic Treaty Orga-

nization to the terrorist actions that reached
their peak on 9/11 2001. Ships of the Standing
Naval Force Mediterranean (STANAVFORMED)
and Standing NAVAL Force Atlantic (STANAFOR-
LANT) started this maritime operation on Octo-
ber 6, 2001, as a NATO contribution to the war
against terrorism. Command Allied Naval Forces
South (COMNAVSOUTH) was assigned to lead
the operation.
The mission of the naval forces initially en-
gaged in this operation was to monitor and deter
all terrorist actions. Ships, submarines and air sup-
port operations of both naval groups maintained,
by rotation, an active presence in the Eastern
Basin of the Mediterranean Sea.

The area of operations expanded after Fe -

bruary 4, 2003, and the area of responsibility of
the contributing naval forces included the escort
of civil ships belonging to NATO countries when
crossing the Straits of Gibraltar.
Romania contributed three times to this opera-
tion with type 22 frigates, as follows: Frigate
“King Ferdinand” (October 15 - December 15, 2005;
October 15 - November 15, 2008), and frigate
“Regina Maria” (September 15 - November 30,
2006; October 15 - November 15, 2007) in the
Central and East Mediterranean.

24
 Engaging in EU Missions

operation included: search for

mines and mine lifting; recon-
naissance and detailed search of
the areas wherein the friendly
troops or other forces contribut-
ing to EUFOR carried out mis-
sions; construction, repair and
maintenance of roads and
bridges; interventions to unblock
the routes from Bosnia and
Herzegovina in case of heavy
snow or natural calamities; con-
tribution to combat groups in co-
operation with EUFOR troops to
fight against public disorder;
ince 2004, Romania has con- theatre of operations in Bosnia personnel, materiel and ammu-

S tributed with staff and

equipment to EUFOR mis-
sion in Bosnia and Herzegovina
and Herzegovina and an aircraft
AN-26 (24) for airlift, available to
EUFOR Command, able to take
nition transportation and evacu-
ation of the damaged military
equipment.
with one Engineer Detachment off “on call” from the Airport
(45 troops) deployed to Butmir “Henri Coanda-Otopeni”. Romania participates in the
Camp, in the framework of the Romania played a constant EUFOR Mission to the Repub-
Integrated Police Unit (IPU), role during the EU-led opera- lic of Chad and the Central
under Italian operational com- tions, both in military and civi l- Africa Republic with two staff
mand, and staff officers. ian actions. In this respect, officers. Since September
Additionally, Romania partici- Romania contributed with three 2008, when the EU Mission in
pated in mission “ALTHEA” in troops on rotation basis, to the Georgia (EUMM) was laun-
the framework of EUFOR, start- EU-led operation CONCORDIA in ched, Romania contributed
ing with January 5, 2005, with the Former Yugoslav Republic of with seven officers and three
four helicopters IAR-330 Puma- Macedonia (FYROM). APCs deployed the in most
SOCAT and the corresponding The missions carried out by sensitive areas.
air crews for the missions in the the Romanian troops during this

25
Romanian Military in UN Missions

• UNOCI – United Nations’ Mission to Ivory Coast

(since June 16, 2003). Seven Romanian military
observers are assigned to this mission.
• UNMIL – United Nations’ Mission to Liberia
(since December 10, 2003). Two Romanian mil-
itary observers are assigned to this mission.
• UNOMIG – United Nations’ Mission to Georgia,
since 2003. Two Romanian military observers
are assigned to this mission.
• UNMIK – United Nations Temporary Mission for
the Administration of Kosovo province (since
September 10, 1999). The mission is conducted
under the United Nations’ Mandate. Two Ro-
manian liaison officers are assigned to this mis-
sion.
• UNAMA – United Nations’ Mission to Afgha-
nistan (since July 25, 2003). One Romanian mili-
tary observer is assigned to this mission.
• UNMIN – United Nations’ Mission to Nepal since
2007. Five Romanian military observers are as-
signed to this mission.
• UNMIS – United Nations’ Mission to Sudan,
• MONUC – United Nations Mission in Demo- since 2005. 12 Romanian military observers are
cratic Republic of Congo (since October 23, assigned to this mission.
1999). 36 nations under United Nations Man- With its 56 military observes, Romania was
date contribute to this mission. 22 Romanian ranked 67 out of 118 contributing nations on May
military observers participate in this mission. 31, 2009.

26
 Military education — marks of the reform

The main objectives of the reorganization of the Romanian military education sys-
tem are:
• redefining the missions of the military education institutions regarding the compatibility
with similar institutions in NATO member countries;
• implementing the quality management in the military education institutions;
• redefining the “model of the graduate”;
• focusing the educational process on the development of leadership skills;
• developing foreign language training programmes;
• developing the international cooperation programmes and participating in European ini-
tiatives such as “Erasmus” Program.

he deep transformation of the profound reform of our mil- In the years that have passed

T the European and national

education, together with
the standards imposed by the
itary education system.
International cooperation in
the military education and train-
since Romania has become a
NATO and EU member, the Min-
istry of National Defence has
complexity of the process of the ing is one of the most important
been focusing its efforts on con-
Romanian Armed Forces reor- tools that help developing what
ganization and our intention to is nowadays called „intellectual tinuing and developing the bi-
become equal partners with the interoperability” between Ro- lateral relationships with the
other NATO member countries, manian Armed Forces, Allies and Euro Atlantic nations especially
determine the continuation of Partner Armed Forces. with our strategic partner – the

27
 Military education — marks of the reform

USA through IMET (International Military Educa-

tion and Training) and Regional Counterterrorism
Fellowship Program in order to reach a higher
level of compatibility between our forces that act
together on the international military scene,
whether we speak about theatres of operations or
NATO and EU structures.
On the other hand, an important number of
steps were taken towards an increased and more
coherent assistance in the military education and
training field for the countries that express their
the willingness to join NATO and EU or supports
the actions of two organization.
The number of students that graduated from
the courses run by Romanian military education
and training facilities has been consistently in-
creasing during the last four years. They come
from countries as Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan,
Albania, Serbia, Croatia, Jordan and others.

28
 Housing for military employees

olving the housing problems is essential for

S the military employees, as are income level

and healthcare. Three different solutions
have been identified in order to settle this matter:
Changing destination of closed military bases,
by building rehabilitation and their transforma-
tion into blocks of flats of temporary use;
Concluding public partnerships with local au-
thorities in order to build residential parks out of
former military bases; a quota of these housing
facilities would be allotted to the Ministry of Na-
tional Defence for the use of its employees;
Building private homes on military bases on
one’s own expense.
Such projects had already been developed in
Bucharest in Baneasa-Straulesti area with a se-
cond similar project in Bucharest and in other
twelve garrisons.

29
 Credibility through transparency

nformation and public rela-

I tions activities have become

a strategic dimension of the
military institution. Informa-
tion is transmitted almost in
real time and the media influ-
ences the national and interna-
tional audiences, often having
an impact on the decision-ma-
king process. An intensified in-
formation and public relations
activity is aimed at maintaining
public trust and support for
the Armed Forces’ actions and
operations.

The principles of the information and public relations activity

in the Romanian Armed Forces are:
• Implementing the stipulations of the Romanian Constitution that grant free public access to
information;
• Public information should be offered in a timely, accurate, complete and indiscriminative
manner;
• Providing a continuous flow of information for the service members, reserved, and retired per-
sonnel, war veterans and families;
• Exempts from the access to information in accordance to law specifications;
• The information and public relation activity strictly follows the principle of political
equidistance;
• Public information policy excludes any kind of propaganda.

30
Services and branches celebrations
in the Romanian Armed Forces
MILITARY SERVICES

LAND FORCES DAY –

April 23, the Orthodox
celebration of
Saint George

AIR FORCE DAY – July 20, the Orthodox

celebration of Saint Ilie Tesviteanul

NAVAL FORCES DAY –

August 15, the Orthodox
celebration of
Saint Mary

31
Services and branches celebrations
in the Romanian Armed Forces

ROMANIAN
ARMED FORCES
OCTOBER 25

MILITARY BRANCHES
Military Intendancy – February 1 Military Archives – July 26
Military Motorists – March 1 Tanks – August 1
Military Justice – April 25 Military Medicine – August 21
Infantry – April 30 Military IT – September 1
Military Police – May 15 Air Defence – September 19
NBC – May 15 Military Divers – October 1
Military engineers – May 31 Human Resources – October 9
Paratroopers – June 10 Public Affairs – October 30
Military Aviation – June 17 Mountain Troops – November 3
Military Builders – June 18 Artillery – November 10
Military Bands – July 1 Military Geodesists – November 12
Communications – July 14 Reconnaissance Troops – November 12
Military Press – July 23 Railway Troops – November 16
Radars – July 25

32
 ROMANIA
Facts & Figures
Official name: Romania
Capital city: Bucharest
Geographic position: in the South-East of Central Europe
Climate: Temperate-Continental, four seasons
Geographical landmarks: the Carpathian mountain range, the Danube River and Delta, and the Black Sea
Population: 21,528,600 (Jan 2008 estimates)
Ethnic structure: Romanians - 89.5%; Hungarians (including Szecklers) - 6.5%; other ethnic groups - 4%.
Religious denominations: Christian Orthodox - 86.7%; Roman-Catholic-4.7%; Protestant - 3.2%; Greek-Catholic -
0.9%, Evangelical - 0.1%; Unitarian - 0.3%; other religions - 0.4% (preliminary data, March 2003)

The Romanian State:

As stipulated in the Constitution, Romania is a sovereign and independent, unitary and indivisible national
state; Form of government: Republic. The state is organized according to the principle of separation and
balance of the powers the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary, in the framework of constitutional
democracy, guaranteed by political pluralism.
The President of Romania represents the Romanian state and guarantees the national independence, unity and
territorial integrity of the country (five year term). The Legislative power: The Parliament of Romania, (471
members in the 2008-2012 legislature), divided into two chambers: the Senate of Romania (137 members) and
the Chamber of Deputies (334 members). The Executive power: the Government of Romania, headed by the
Prime Minister, assigned by the President of Romania with forming the Cabinet and with a Governance Program
endorsed by Parliament through a vote of confidence. Judiciary: independence guaranteed by the Superior
Council of the Magistracy; judges are irremovable.
Romania is a member of the UN, of NATO, and of the EU.

NATIONAL MILITARY CIRCLE PALACE

www.mapn.gov.ro