Astm D1599 PDF
Astm D1599 PDF
Astm D1599 PDF
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 1599 99e1
6. Apparatus 7. Test Specimen
6.1 Constant-Temperature BathA water bath or other 7.1 Pipe or Tubing:
fluid bath equipped so that uniform temperature is maintained 7.1.1 Specimen SizeFor pipe sizes of 6 in. (150 mm) or
throughout the bath. This may require agitation. If an air or less, the specimen length between the end closures shall be not
other gaseous environment is used, provisions shall be made less than five times the outside diameter of the pipe, but in no
for adequate circulation. Unless otherwise stated, the tests shall case less than 12 in. (300 mm). For larger sizes, the minimum
be conducted at 23 6 2C (736 3.6F). The tolerance on other length shall be not less than three times the outside diameter,
test temperatures shall be 6 2C (3.6F). Fluid environments but in no case less than 30 in. (760 mm).
that chemically attack the specimens shall not be used unless 7.1.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five speci-
this effect is being studied. In that case, the purpose of the test mens shall be tested.
shall be included in the report. 7.1.3 MeasurementsDimensions shall be determined in
accordance with Test Method D 2122 or Practice D 3567.
NOTE 2Reinforced thermosetting resin pipe and fittings may show
increasing failure pressures as temperature is raised above 23C in this
7.2 Fittings:
test. 7.2.1 Specimen SizeSpecimens shall consist of complete
fittings without alteration.
6.2 Pressurizing SystemA device capable of applying an 7.2.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five speci-
essentially continuously increasing internal hydraulic pressure mens shall be tested.
to the test specimen. Suggested equipment for this test may 7.2.3 Specimen SurfaceAll surfaces of the specimens
include the following: shall be free of visible flaws, scratches, or other imperfections,
6.2.1 Nitrogen Supply (Cylinder Gas) with a pressure regu- except for the usual marks common on good extrusions and
lator and hydraulic accumulator, or molding, unless these imperfections are being investigated, in
6.2.1.1 Pump, capable of applying essentially continuously which case the purpose shall be included in the report along
increasing internal hydraulic pressure to the test specimen. with a description of the imperfections.
6.3 Pressure Gage, having a precision of not less than 1 % 7.3 Systems (Pipe, Fittings, and Joints):
of full-scale deflection with a maximum indicating hand. The 7.3.1 Systems shall be prepared from pipe and fittings
pressure gage shall be selected such that the final readings are meeting the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2, unless otherwise
in the mid-60 % of the scale. The gage should be equipped with specified.
a surge protection device. 7.3.2 The pipe and fittings shall be joined as recommended
6.3.1 The gage shall be located in the test system at a by the manufacturer using solvent cement, heat fusion, or other
location such that it only indicates pressure on the specimen techniques. When solvent cements are used they shall meet the
and not indicate pressure built up by water flowing in the requirements of the relevant solvent cement specification.
supply lines to the specimen.
8. Conditioning
NOTE 3When testing materials such as Polyolefins that change in
volume greatly before rupture, a large diameter water supply line or 8.1 Test specimens shall be conditioned at the test tempera-
location of the gage on the specimen should be used to eliminate ture for a minimum of 1 h in a liquid bath or 16 h in a gaseous
erroneous readings caused by the pressure drop in the water supply line. medium before pressurizing, unless otherwise specified. Unless
6.4 Timing DeviceStop watch or equivalent. otherwise agreed upon, the test temperature shall be 23 6 2C
6.5 Specimen End Closures: (73 6 3.6F) for thermoplastic pipe. For thermosets, test at 23
6.5.1 Pipe or TubingEither free-end or restrained-end 6 2C or at maximum rated temperature depending on
closures, that will withstand the maximum test pressures, may intended service.
be used. Closures shall be designed so that they do not cause
failure of the specimen. Free-end closures shall be used for 9. Procedure
referee tests. 9.1 Procedure A:
9.1.1 Attach the end closures to the specimen and fill it
NOTE 4Free-end closures fasten to the specimen so that internal completely with test fluid which is maintained at the test
pressure produces longitudinal tensile stresses in addition to hoop and
radial stesses in the pipe wall. Restrained-end closures rely on a rod
temperature. Attach specimen to the pressuring device, making
through the specimen or an external structure to resist the end thrust. certain no gas is entrapped when using liquids. The specimen
Stresses in the wall of restrained-end specimens act in the hoop and radial shall be completely immersed in the conditioning medium.
directions only. Because of this difference in loading, the expected hoop 9.1.2 Condition the specimen as specified in 8.1.
stress at failure in free-end specimens of solid-wall thermoplastic pipes are 9.1.3 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously until
approximately 11 % lower than in restrained-end specimens. The test the specimen fails, measuring the time with a stop watch. If
results will reflect this difference in test method.
failure time is less than 60 s, reduce the rate of loading and
6.5.2 FittingsCaps and plugs for fittings shall not extend repeat the test. The time to failure for all specimens shall be
beyond the bottom thread or the bottom of the socket. between 60 and 70 s.
9.1.4 Record the pressure and time-to-failure.
NOTE 5For purposes of determining the ultimate rupture strength of
fittings, a metal band not extending more than one third of the threaded or NOTE 6If additional data can be obtained by continued pressurization
socket depth, may be used: When the mode of failure of a piping system after failure (as defined in Section 5), it is the testers prerogative to do so
is to be determined, no reinforcement shall be used. but is beyond the scope of this method.
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D 1599 99e1
9.2 Procedure B: thermosetting pipe, wall thickness and outside diameter shall
9.2.1 Prepare the test specimen in the same way as de- be reinforced dimensions only. Unreinforced thicknesses shall
scribed in Procedure A (9.1.1 to 9.1.2). also be reported. For fittings, report nominal size and schedule,
9.2.2 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously, or pressure rating.
measuring the time. To determine that the specimen complies 11.1.4 Type of end closure used, that is, free or restrained,
with a minimum burst requirement the specimen shall burst 11.1.5 Number of specimens tested.
between 60 and 70 s, or the minimum burst pressure shall be 11.1.6 Test temperature.
reached or exceeded between 60 and 70 s. 11.1.7 Test environment, including conditioning time.
11.1.8 Purpose of the tests. Refer also to 6.1 and 7.2.3.
10. Calculation 11.1.9 Failure pressure and failure time (Procedure A or B)
10.1 Calculate the pipe hoop stress as follows: or minimum pressure reached and time to reach minimum
S 5 P ~D 2 t!/2t for outside diameter controlled pipe pressure (Procedure B) for each specimen.
11.1.10 For pipe, calculate the average maximum stress and
or
the standard deviation.
S 5 P ~d 1 t!/2t for inside diameter controlled pipe 11.1.11 Type of failure for Procedure A (bursting, cracking,
splitting, weeping, leaking).
where:
11.1.12 Date of test.
S = hoop stress, psi (or MPa),
12. Precision and Bias 3
P = internal pressure, psi (or MPa),
D = average outside diameter, in. (or mm). For reinforced 12.1 Precision3Based on a mini laboratory round-robin
thermosetting pipe, outside diameter shall not include conducted on 2-in. medium density polyethylene pipe, the
nonreinforced covers, precision (one standard deviation) of this test method for
d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm), and medium density polyethylene pipe is as follows:
t = minimum wall thickness, in. (or mm). For reinforced 12.1.1 Within-laboratory, 63 % (repeatability).
thermosetting pipe use minimum reinforced wall thick- 12.1.2 Between-laboratory, 66 % (reproducibility).
ness. 12.2 BiasData obtained using this test method are be-
lieved to be reliable, since accepted techniques of analysis are
NOTE 7An alternative method for calculating the hoop stress of
reinforced pipe is given in the Annex of Specification D 3517. used. However, because no referee method is available, no bias
statement can be made.
11. Report
11.1 The report shall include the following: 13. Keywords
11.1.1 Complete identification of the specimens, including 13.1 burst pressure; plastic fittings; plastic pipe; plastic
material, manufacturers name and code number, type, source, tubing; short-term hydrostatic pressure
and previous history.
11.1.2 Procedure used, either A or B.
11.1.3 Pipe dimensions, including nominal size, minimum 3
Interlaboratory test data and calculations are available from ASTM Headquar-
wall thickness, and average outside diameter. For reinforced ters. Request RR: F 17-1038.
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