International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)

ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-9, September 2014

Stress Analysis of Multilayer Pressure Vessel

Shildip D. Urade, Dr.D.V.Bhope, Prof. S.D.Khamankar
flammable fluids or highly radioactive materials. Because of
Abstract Multilayer pressure vessel is designed to work such hazards it is imperative that the design be such that no
under high pressure condition. In this paper, the stress analysis
of multi-layer pressure vessel made ofa homogeneous and leakage can occur. In addition these vessels have to be
isotropic material and subjected to internal pressure is designed carefully to cope up with the operating temperature
considered.Thehoop stresses for 1, 2 & 3-layerpressure vessel is
and pressure.To fulfill these requirements the multilayer
calculated theoretically. The modeling of pressure vessel is
carried out in CATIA V5 and this model is imported in ANSYS
pressure vessel is designed. For designing the multilayer
Workbench where stress analysis is carried out.The shrink fit is pressure vessel, first analytical analysis is carried out by using
applied during the CAD modeling of multilayer pressure vessel. different mathematical equations. In analytical calculations
Both theoretical and FEresults are compared and effect of hoop stresses developed in the pressure vessel is carried out.
multi-layering on stresses induced and the volume requirement Also the total interference and contact pressure is calculated
to sustain the given pressure is calculated. Also optimization of at the junction of inner and outer layer.
number of layers is carried out for multi-layering the pressure To compare and analyze the results the analysis is
vessel. From calculations it is observed that as the numbers of carried out on 1. 2 and 3-layer pressure vessel. The modeling
layers increases, the hoop stresses decreases.
of pressure vessel is carried out in CATIA V5 and the same
Index Terms Residual Stress, Contact Pressure, model isimported in ANSYS Workbench where stress
Multi-layer cylinder, Optimization. analysis is carried out on CAD model of pressure vessel.To
optimize the number of layers in multilayer pressure vessel,
the hoop stress calculation is carried out up to 10-layer
I. INTRODUCTION pressure vessel and the percentage reduction in hoop stresses
with increase in number of layers is determined.
The pressure vessels are used to store fluids under pressure.
For FE and theoretical analysis of pressure vessel,
Pressure vessels find wide applications in thermal and nuclear
hoop stresses are calculated by varying the number of layers.
power plants, process and chemical industries, in space and
For analysis, the internal pressure is assumed as 60 Mpa, inner
ocean depths and in water, steam, gas and in air supply
diameter is assumed as 100 mm. The layers of multilayer
system, in process Industries like chemical and petroleum
pressure vessel are brought in contact by applying shrink fit
industries. Design of shrunk-fit multilayer pressure vessel is
between the layers ofpressure vessel. The thickness is
much simplified if each layer is considered as a separate layer
calculated by using the analytical formula and to increase the
subjected to the shrinkage pressure and the working pressure.
number of layers, thickness is divided equally.Material for all
To increase the pressure capacity of thick-walled
the three layers is assumed as same i. e. steel with yield
layers, two or more layers (multi-layer) areshrunk into each
strengthof 250 MPa.
other with different diametric differences to form compound
pressure vessel. In three-layer compound pressure vessel the
usual practice is to shrink the outer layer 3 on to the
III. ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION OF HOOP STRESSES IN 1-LAYER
intermediate layer 2 and then shrink the resulting compound
PRESSURE VESSEL:
pressure vessel on to the inner layer 1.When the outer layer
contracts on cooling the inner layer is brought into a state of Thickness (t) and outer diameter ( ) of 1-layer
compression.The outer layer will conversely be brought into a pressure vessel is given by equation 1 &2,
state of tension. If this compound pressure vessel issubjected
to internal pressure the resultant hoop stresses will be the
algebraic sum of those resultingfrom internal pressure and
those resulting from shrinkage.

II. INTRODUCTION TO PROBLEM, SCOPE AND

METHODOLOGY:

Pressure vessels often have a combination of high

pressures together with high temperatures, and in some cases Hoop stress in 1-layer pressure vessel is given by equation
(3),
Manuscript received September 09, 2014.
Shildip D. Urade, P.G.student , Department of Mechanical,
Engineering, R.C.E.R.T. Chandrapur
Dr.D.V.Bhope, Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical,
Engineering, R.C.E.R.T. Chandrapur
Prof. S.D.Khamankar, Associate Professor, Department of
Mechanical, Engineering, R.C.E.R.T. Chandrapur.

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 Stress Analysis of Multilayer Pressure Vessel

IV. ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION OF HOOP STRESSES IN 2-LAYER PRESSURE VESSEL:

The Hoopstresses induced at outer and inner radius of layer 1 only due to contact pressure(ps12) at the Junction is given
by equation (4) and (5),

The Hoop stresses induced at outer and inner radius of layer 2 only due to contact pressure (ps12) at the junction is given
by equations (6) and (7),

The Hoop stresses induced due to internal pressure (Pi) at inner radius of layer 1 is given by equation (8),

The Hoop stresses induced due to internal pressure (Pi) at outer radius of layer 1 and inner radius of layer 2 is given by
equation (9),

The Hoop stresses induced due to internal pressure (Pi) at outer radius of layer 2 is given by equation (10),

The resultant hoop stresses at inner radius of layer 1 & 2 is given by the equation (11)& (12),

A. Estimation of Contact pressure (PS12) between layer 1 & 2:

To obtain optimum values of the contact (shrinkage) pressures Ps12 which will produce equal hoop (tensile) stresses in both
thelayers, maximum hoop stresses given by the equations (11) and (12) have been equated.
Equating equations (11) and (12).i.e. and rearranging,

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-9, September 2014
Let,

Thus,

The total interference between layer 1 & 2 is given by,

V. ANALYTICAL ESTIMATION OF HOOP STRESSES IN 3-LAYER PRESSURE VESSEL:

Figure 1 shows the Radial and Hoop stress distribution in three separate layers of 3-layer pressure vessel.

Fig 1. Radial and hoop stress distribution

Figure 2 and 3 shows the interference between layer 1 & 2 and 2 & 3. Interference is the difference between the outer radius
of inner layer and inner radius of outer layer.By using this interference the layers are bring in contact with each other.

Fig 2. Interference between layer 1 & 2 Fig 3. Interference between layer 2 & 3

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 Stress Analysis of Multilayer Pressure Vessel

Hoop stresses induced in outer and inner radius of layer 1 only due to contact pressure (P s12) is given by equations (17)
& (18),

Radial displacement Urlodue to contact pressure at outer radius of layer 1 is given by equation (19),

Hoop stresses induced in outer and inner radius of layer 2 only due to contact pressure (Ps12) is given by equations (20)
& (21),

Radial displacement Ur2idue to contact pressure at inner radius of layer 2 is given by equation (22),

Using equations (19) and (22), total interference 12 at the contact between layer 1 and 2 is given by equation (23),

Radial displacement Ur20 due to contact pressure at outer radius of layer 2 is given by equation (24),

Hoop stresses induced in outer and inner radius of layer 3 only due to contact pressure (Ps12) is given by equations (25) &
(26),

Radial displacement Ur3i due to contact pressure at inner radius of layer 3 is given by equation (27),

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-9, September 2014

Using equations (24) and (27), total interference at the contact betweenlayer 2 and 3 is given by equation (28),

Hoop stress at any radius r in pressure vessel due to internal pressure only is given by,

After finding hoop stresses at all the radii, the principle of superposition is applied, i.e. the variousstresses are then
combined algebraically to produce the resultant hoop stresses in the compoundpressure vessel subjected to both shrinkage
pressures and internal pressure Pi.

Using equations (29) and (18), maximum hoop stress at the inner surfaces of layer 1 at r1 is given by equation (30),

Using equations (29) and (21), maximum hoop stress at the inner surfaces of layer 2 at r2 is given by equation (31),

Using equations (29) and (26), maximum hoop stress at the inner surfaces of layer 3 at r3 is given by equation (32),

A. Estimation of Contact pressure Ps12 and Ps23:

To obtain optimum values of the contact (shrinkage) pressures Ps12 and Ps23which will produce equal hoop (tensile) stresses in
all the three layers, maximum hoop stresses given by the equations (30), (31) and (32) have been equated.

Equating equations (30) and (31) i.e. r1 = r2and rearranging,

Let the ratios

Where d1,d2,d3,d4 are diameters corresponding to radii r1, r2, r3, r4.

Let,

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 Stress Analysis of Multilayer Pressure Vessel

Hence equation (33) becomes,

Equating equation (31) and (32) i. e. r2 = r3and rearranging,

Let,

Hence equation (38) becomes,

Equation (37) and (42) have been solved to get Ps12 and Ps23in terms of Pi as follows,

Putting the values of t1, t2and t3, the equation (23) and (28) can be written as,

VI. ANALYTICAL RESULTSFOR 1, 2 AND 3-LAYER PRESSURE VESSELS:

Analytical results for 1-layer pressure vessel are shown in table no. 1.

Consider,
Pi= 60 Mpa, d1= 100 mm

Table 1. Analytical results for 1-layer pressure vessel

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-9, September 2014

Parameters t (mm) d2(mm) Volume (mm3) Hoop stress ( ) (Mpa)

Analytical 14 128 5011.44 247.97

Analytical results for 2-layer pressure vessel are shown in table no. 2.

Consider,
Pi= 60 Mpa, d1= 100 mm,d2= 114 mm,d3= 128 mm.

Table 2. Analytical results for 2-layer pressure vessel

Parameters (Mpa) (mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)

Analytical 2.046 0.00953 230.21 230.21

Analytical results for 3-layer pressure vessel are shown in table no. 3.

Consider,
Pi = 60 Mpa, d1= 100 mm,d2 = 109.33 mm,d3 = 118.66 mm,d4 = 128 mm.

Table 3.Analytical results for 3-layer pressure vessel

Parameters

Analytical 1.89 1.602 0.00564 0.0056 224 224 224

VII. VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS BY FEA:

Using the values of12&23, shrink fit is applied between layer 1 & 2 and between layer 2 & 3respectively. Contact between
layer 1 & 2 as well as between layer 2& 3 is applied using contact tool in ANSYS Workbench. The surface between layer 1 &
2 and 2 & 3 respectively defined as ROUGH.

A. FE analysis of 1-layer Pressure vessel:

The data used forCAD modeling is given as follows-

d1 = 100 mm,
d2 = 128 mm.

Fig 4. Hoop stresses

B. FE analysis of 2-layer Pressure vessel:

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 Stress Analysis of Multilayer Pressure Vessel

The data used for CAD modeling is given as follows-

d1 = 100 mm, d2 = 114 mm, d2i = 113.981 mm, d3 = 128 mm.

Fig 5. Contact pressure (Ps12) Fig 6. Resultant hoop stresses

C. FE analysis of 3-layer Pressure vessel:

The data used for CAD modeling is given as follows-

d1 = 100 mm,d2 = 109.33 mm, d2i = 109.319 mm,d3 = 118.66 mm, d3i = 118.648 mm, d4 = 128 mm.

Fig 7. Contact pressure (Ps12) Fig 8. Contact pressure (Ps23)

Fig 9. Resultant hoop stresses

VIII. OPTIMIZATION OF NUMBER OF LAYERS IN MULTILAYER PRESSURE VESSEL:

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-9, September 2014
From the observations it is concluded that with increase in number of layers, hoop stress reduces. But in detailed study it is
observed that reduction in hoop stress is not uniform over each layer.
Thus, it is necessary to know the optimum value of number of layers (n) in designing of pressure vessel to minimize the work
in multi-layering the pressure vessel, So that the cost of manufacturing of pressure vessel can be reduced.

Analytical estimation of Hoop stresses in pressure vessel consists of n-layers:

To calculate stresses of pressure vessel having more than 3-layers some different equation have to use. These equations are
derived by basic equation to calculate hoop stresses in less time and minimum efforts.
The equation to calculate hoop stresses in pressure vessel is given as-
(47)

The equation given above is to calculate hoop stress due to multi-layering.

Where,

Cr+1 is given by,

IX. DISCUSSION: Table 8: Effect of number of layers on hoop stresses

Number of Max. hoop % Reduction in
Sr.no.
Analytical and FEA (ANSYS) results are summarized in layers (n) stresses (Mpa) hoop stresses
Table 4, 5 and 6. 1 1-layer 247.97
-

Table 4. Comparison of analytical and FEA results of 1-layer 2 2-layers 230.21 7.16
pressure vessel 3 3-layers 224.00 2.69
4 4-layers 222.019 0.884
Parameters Hoop stress ( ) (Mpa)
5 5-layers 220.434 0.71
Analytical 247.97
6 6-layers 219.38 0.47
FEA 248.14
7 7-layers 219.00 0.036
Difference (%) 0.068 %
8 8-layers 218.08 0.57

9 9-layers 217.653 0.19

Table 5. Comparison of analytical and FEA results of 2-layer
pressure vessel 10 10-layers 217.40 0.12

Parameters Ps12 (Mpa) (Mpa)

(Mpa) 250
245
Hoop Stress (Mpa)

Analytical 2.046 230.21 230.21

240
FEA 2.27 228.26 231.22
235
Difference (%) 9.8 % 0.85% 0.43% 230
225
Table 6. Comparison of analytical and FEA results of 3-layer
pressure vessel 220
215
Parameters
Ps12
Ps23(Mpa) 0 5 10 15
(Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
(Mpa) Number of layers
Fig 10.Effect of Number of layers on hoop stress
Analytical 1.89 1.602 224 224 224
The graph shown in figure 10 represents the effect of
FEA 1.9 1.7 224.48 223.23 225.78 varying number of layers on hoop stresses. It is showing that,
as the number of layers increases hoop stresses reduces.
Difference
0.52% 5.76% 0.21% 0.34% 0.78% Also as numbers of layers are increasing the variation in
(%)
rate of change of hoop stress is decreasing. It represents that

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 Stress Analysis of Multilayer Pressure Vessel

the effectiveness of layers to reduce the hoop stresses is REFERENCES:

reducing with increasing the number of layers.
[1] Siva Krishna Raparla, T.Seshaiah, Design and analysis of multilayer
high pressure vessels,International Journal of Engineering Research
X. CONCLUSION: and Applications,Vol. No.2, Issue No.1, Jan-Feb 2012, PP. 355-361.
[2] Rayapuri Ashok, R Ranjith Kumar, TirumalaRao, Design and
Analytically, the maximum hoop stress for 1-layer pressure analysis of CFRP composite multilayer high pressure vessels and
vessel is obtained as247.97Mpa, for 2-layer pressure vessel burst pressure analysis for various fiber orientation
230.21Mpa and for 3-layer pressure vessel224 Mpa. angles,International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer
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607.
Thus, after observing these results it is concludedthat - [3] R.S.Khurmi, J.K.Gupta,Machine design, 14th edition,Eurasia
Multi-layering of pressure vessel is very useful in high publishing house (pvt.) ltd.2005.
[4] Niranjan Kumar,Optimization of Autofrettage-Reautofgrettage
pressure applications.
Percent and Shrink-Fit Combination for Optimum Fatigue Life in
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multi-layer thick-wall pressure vessels serving at elevated temperature
innermost surface of pressure vessel and it can decreases the by ultrasonic testing,17th World Conference on Nondestructive
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compared to monobloc (1-layer) vessel. [6] Viraj H. Barge, Dr.Prof.S.S.Gawade, Mr.VinaayPatil,Thermal
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analysis and Burst pressure determination of two layer compound
XI. NOMENCLATURE: pressure vessel, International Journal of Engineering Science and
Technology, Vol. No. 5, Issue No.2, February 2013.

P Internal pressure (Mpa)

P0 External pressure (Mpa)
Hoop stress in the layers (Mpa)
r1 Resultant hoop stress in layer 1 (Mpa)
r2 Resultant hoop stress in layer 2 (Mpa)
r3 Resultant hoop stress in layer 3 (Mpa)
d1 Inner diameter of layer 1 (mm)
Outer diameter of layer 1 and Inner diameter of
d2
layer 2 (mm)
Outer diameter of layer 2 and Inner diameter of
d3
layer 3 (mm)
d4 Outer diameter of layer 3 (mm)
r1 Inner diameter of layer 1 (mm)
Outer radius of layer 1 and Inner radius of layer 2
r2
(mm)
Outer radius of layer 2 and Inner radius of layer 3
r3
(mm)
r4 Outer radius of layer 3 (mm)
PS12 Contact pressure between layer 1 and 2 (Mpa)
PS23 Contact pressure between layer 2 and 3 (Mpa)
Urio Radial displacement at outer wall of layer 1 (mm)
Ur2i Radial displacement at inner wall of layer 2 (mm)
Total interference at the contact between layer 1
12
and 2 (mm)
Ur2o Radial displacement at outer wall of layer 2 (mm)
Ur3i Radial displacement at inner wall of layer 3 (mm)
Total interference at the contact between layer 2
23
and 3 (mm)
V Poissons ratio
Ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter of
Kr+1
(r+1)th shell (dr+1/dr)

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