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    Fire Sprinkler Distance Rules

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    Jherson Gravides
    Federal law requires fire sprinklers to activate quickly and distribute water satisfactorily. Sprinkler placement must comply with maximum coverage areas of 400 square feet and spacing of no more than 15 feet apart, depending on the occupancy hazard level. Distances from heat sources like ducts, radiators and lighting fixtures must also be followed, ranging from 1 foot to 3 feet depending on the temperature rating of the sprinkler. Sprinkler systems must be designed by a professional engineer according to applicable codes.

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    Fire Sprinkler Distance Rules

    Uploaded by

    Jherson Gravides
    2K views4 pages
    Federal law requires fire sprinklers to activate quickly and distribute water satisfactorily. Sprinkler placement must comply with maximum coverage areas of 400 square feet and spacing of no more than 15 feet apart, depending on the occupancy hazard level. Distances from heat sources like ducts, radiators and lighting fixtures must also be followed, ranging from 1 foot to 3 feet depending on the temperature rating of the sprinkler. Sprinkler systems must be designed by a professional engineer according to applicable codes.

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    Federal law requires fire sprinklers to activate quickly and distribute water satisfactorily. Sprinkler placement must comply with maximum coverage areas of 400 square feet and spacing of no more than 15 feet apart, depending on the occupancy hazard level. Distances from heat sources like ducts, radiators and lighting fixtures must also be followed, ranging from 1 foot to 3 feet depending on the temperature rating of the sprinkler. Sprinkler systems must be designed by a professional engineer according to applicable codes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views4 pages

    Fire Sprinkler Distance Rules

    Uploaded by

    Jherson Gravides
    Federal law requires fire sprinklers to activate quickly and distribute water satisfactorily. Sprinkler placement must comply with maximum coverage areas of 400 square feet and spacing of no more than 15 feet apart, depending on the occupancy hazard level. Distances from heat sources like ducts, radiators and lighting fixtures must also be followed, ranging from 1 foot to 3 feet depending on the temperature rating of the sprinkler. Sprinkler systems must be designed by a professional engineer according to applicable codes.

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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that sprinklers must be positioned to provide satisfactory fire suppression performance and not exceed the maximum protection area. Sprinkler spacing is also dependent on factors like distance to walls and obstructions.

    Sprinklers of ordinary and intermediate temperature must be located more than 2 feet, 6 inches above a heating duct and uncovered steam main, and more than 1 foot to the side and below. High-temperature sprinklers must be located in a seven-foot radius cylinder extending seven feet above and 2 feet below a unit heater with horizontal discharge.

    Sprinklers located within 12 inches to one side or 30 inches above an uncovered radiator, steam main or heating coil are classified as intermediate- temperature. Sprinklers within 7 feet of a low-pressure blowoff valve discharging free in a large room are classified as high-temperature.

    Fire Sprinkler Distance Rules

    By Victoria Smoothens

    Every state has different laws governing the positioning of fire sprinklers, but all states
    must follow certain federal laws. Federal law states that fire sprinklers must be
    positioned and located to provide satisfactory performance in terms of activation time
    and distribution. Sprinklers can have different clearance requirements from structural
    members and ceilings if they are specifically tested to show that their ability to sense,
    control and suppress a fire is not impaired.

    Maximum Protection Area Per Sprinkler


    Sprinklers cannot exceed the maximum protection area per sprinkler. According to the
    National Fire Protection Associations Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
    2010 Edition, the specific formula for determining the protection area of coverage per
    sprinkler -- where A1 is the protection area -- is A1 = S x L. S is defined as whichever is
    larger: either twice the distance between sprinkler to sprinkler or between sprinkler and
    a wall or obstruction, upstream and downstream. L is defined as whichever is larger: the
    perpendicular distance to the sprinkler on the adjacent branch line, or the perpendicular
    distance between the sprinkler and a wall or obstruction.
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    Maximum and Minimum Sprinkler Distance


    Section 8.5.2.2.2 states that the maximum sprinkler coverage area shall not exceed 400
    square feet. The standard also states that the maximum distance between sprinklers is
    based on the centerline distance between adjacent sprinklers and shall be measured
    along the slope of the ceiling. Sprinkler distance to a wall cannot exceed one-half of the
    maximum distance between sprinklers. The distance from the wall to the sprinkler is
    measured perpendicular to the wall behind furniture. The minimum distance between
    sprinklers should prevent operating sprinklers from wetting adjacent sprinklers and
    prevent sprinkler skipping.

    Sprinkler Distance from Heating Ducts and Unit


    Heaters
    Sprinklers of ordinary and intermediate temperature must be located more than 2 feet, 6
    inches above a heating duct and uncovered steam main, and more than 1 foot to the
    side and below. Sprinklers of an ordinary temperature located adjacent to a heating duct
    discharging air less than 100 degrees F do not have to be separated according to these
    rules. High-temperature sprinklers must be located in a seven-foot radius cylinder
    extending seven feet above and 2 feet below a unit heater with horizontal discharge.
    Sprinkler Distance from Other Heat Sources
    Section 8.3.2.5 states that sprinklers located within 12 inches to one side or 30 inches
    above an uncovered radiator, steam main or heating coil are classified as intermediate-
    temperature. Sprinklers within 7 feet of a low-pressure blowoff valve discharging free in
    a large room are classified as high-temperature. Table 8.3.2.5(c) shows that ordinary-
    temperature sprinklers must be located at least 36 inches from the side of an open or
    recessed fireplace; 60 inches from the front of a recessed fireplace; 42 inches from a
    coal or wood-burning stove; 18 inches from a kitchen range, wall oven, hot air flue or
    uninsulated heat duct; 12 inches from an uninsulated hot water pipe; 24 inches from the
    side of a ceiling or wall-mounted hot air diffuser; 36 inches from the front of a wall-
    mounted hot air diffusers; 6 inches from a hot water heater or furnace; 6 inches from a
    light fixture from 0 W to 250 W and 12 inches from a light fixture from 250 W to 499 W.
    These measurements are generally less for intermediate-temperature sprinklers.
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    Sprinkler Head Spacing and


    Location
    ***WARNING: Fire suppression systems, including sprinklers, MUST be
    designed by a Professional Engineer. The information contained in this article
    is general in nature and is to be used as a GUIDELINE for architects. You must
    have a Professional Engineer design a sprinkler system to address your
    specific situation and to meet the codes applicable in your jurisdiction. The
    information in the article is based on NFPA 13.

    Sprinkler Head Location


    There are two main criteria for the location of sprinkler heads. First, sprinklers must be
    located so they are within the hot-gas layer that develops near the ceiling during a fire
    because activation occurs when the sprinkler head reaches a certain temperature.
    Second, they must be located so that the water that is discharged from the sprinkler is
    not disrupted or affected by construction elements such as beams, trusses, or soffits.
    The diagram at left shows the water distribution for standard pendant and upright
    sprinkler fixtures. It is useful to understand how objects within this distribution area can
    alter the throw and disrupt the ability of the sprinkler to extinguish a fire.

    This is a general depiction of sprinkler throw and should not be used to determine
    sprinkler spacing. Refer to the manufacturer data for specific throw data. Please note,
    that the throw of a sprinkler should not be used for sprinkler spacing - local codes
    determine spacing requirements.

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    Sprinkler Head Spacing


    The table below shows sprinkler spacing requirements based on NFPA 13. This table
    shall be used only as a tool for architects. Actual design of a sprinkler system MUST be
    done by a Professional Engineer for each project.
    MAXIMUM
    SQUARE SPACING
    FOOT PER BETWEEN
    OCCUPANCY HAZARD HEAD SPRINKLERS

    Light Hazard 130-200 SF per 15 ft


    (Office, Educational, Religious, Institutional, head
    Hospitals, Restaurants, Clubs, Theaters, etc.) (based on
    obstructions and
    flow calcs)

    Ordinary Hazard 130 SF per head 15 ft


    (Mills, Manufacturing, Processing, Machine Shops,
    Repair Garages, Post Offices, Bakeries, Wood
    Machining and Assembly, Auto Parking, etc.)

    Extra Hazard 90-130 SF per 12 ft


    (Plastic Processing, Chemical Spraying, Metal head
    Extruding, Printing, Varnishing, Painting, etc.) (based on
    obstructions and
    flow calcs)

    Maximum Distance from Wall: half (1/2) of the maximum distance between sprinkler
    heads.

    Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers: typically 6'-0".

    Distance from Ceiling: minimum 1", maximum 12" for unobstructed construction. The
    minimum 1" is typical; however, concealed, recessed, and flush sprinklers may be
    mounted less than 1" from the ceiling and shall be installed based on their listing.

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