R DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL

JNING GENERATOR
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WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL
TM 11"2509

TRAINING GENERATOR

AN/URA-TI

WAR DEPARTMENT 12 JUNE 1944

RESTRICTED. DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER.

The information contained in restricted documents and the essential charac
teristics of restricted materiel may be given to any person known to be in the
service of the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discre
tion who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated
to the public or to the press except by authorized military public relations
agencies. (See also par. 28. AR 380-5, 15 Mar. 1944.)
l;^

WAR DEPARTMENT,
WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 12 June, 1944.

TM 11-2509, Training Generator AN/URA-T1, is

pub^-
lished for the information and guidance of all concerned.

[A. .O 300.7 (26 Feb. 44).]

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR :

G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.

OFFICIAL :

J. A. ULIO,
Major General,
The Adjutant General.

DISTRIBUTION :

(For explanation of symbols see FM 21-6.)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Page
SECTION I. Description.

Use 1 1

Physical characteristics 2 1

Electrical characteristics :

Interference 3 1

Jacks 4 1

Tubes used 5 2

Power supply 6 2

Current drain on power source 7 2

Components 8 3

Table of components,
dimensions, and weights 9 4

II. Installation and operation.

Preparation for use 10 5

Vehicular installation 11 5

Classroom installation 12 7

Operation of controls 13 8

Operation of jacks 14 10

Operation procedure 15 10
*
M558136 in
 Paragraph Page
III. Functioning of parts.

General circuit description 16 11

Functioning of tone circuit 17 11

Functioning of noise circuit 18 14

Functioning of mew and

cw circuits 19 15

Functioning of standby circuit. 20 16

Functioning of amplifier stages . 21 16

Functioning of power supply

circuit 22 18

Insulation of jacks 23 18

IV. Maintenance.
General 24 19

Trouble shooting with front

panel controls 25 19

Trouble chart 26 24

Tube replacement 27 25
\
Maintenance and replacement of
tone switch S3 28 26

Normal voltage and resistance

reading 29 27

Moistureproofing and
fungiproofing 30 33

V. Supplementary data.

Location of mechanical and

electrical parts 31 34

Maintenance parts list for Train

ing Generator AN/URA-T1 . . 32 35

Color codes for capacitors

and resistors . .33 51

IV
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. No. Title Page

1. Training Generator AN/URA-T1, components VIII

2. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, top view, show
ing power-switching plug and indicator dial 3

3. Cords detail, showing lengths and connections 6

4. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, front-panel view 7

5. Training Generator AN/URA-T1, showing Modulator

MD-22/URA-T1 mounted on Mounting FT-250-A. . . 8

6. Audio-oscillator circuit, functional schematic diagram 12

7. Peak-limiting circuit, functional schematic diagram. 17

8. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, top view, show

ing location of major parts 21

9. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, bottom view,

showing location of major parts and front view of
main terminal board 22

10. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, bottom view,

showing location of major parts and rear view of
main terminal board 23

11. Tone switch S3, exploded view 27

12. Tone switch S3 assembly, section view 28

13. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, tube-socket volt

age diagram 29

14. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, tube-socket re

sistance diagram 30
Fig. No. Page

15. Output transformer T3 31

16. Power transformer T4 32

17. Outline dimensional detail 54

18. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, schematic diagram 55

19. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, practical wiring diagram 57

VI
 DESTRUCTION NOTICE
WHY To prevent the enemy from using or salvaging this
equipment for his benefit.

WHEN When ordered by your commander.

HOW 1. Smash Use sledges, axes, handaxes, pickaxes, ham

mers, crowbars, heavy tools.

2. Cut Use axes, handaxes, machetes.

3. Burn Use gasoline, kerosene, oil, flame throwers,

incendiary grenades.

4. Explosives Use firearms, grenades, TNT.

5. Disposal Bury in slit trenches, fox holes, other

holes. Throw in streams. Scatter.

USE ANYTHING IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE FOR

DESTRUCTION OF THIS EQUIPMENT
WHAT 1. Smash -Radio tubes, transformers, switches, and
chassis.

2. Cut Wires, cables, and accessory connectors.

3. Bend and/or break Chassis, case, transformer hous

ings, and control shafts.

4. Burn Cables, diagram panel, and broken parts.

5. Bury or scatter Any or all of the above pieces after
breaking.

DESTROY EVERYTHING

SAFETY NOTICE
There is no danger of shock at any point on the outside of this set
when it is in operation. When the chassis is out of the case and
connected to the battery or a-c supply, be careful, as high voltages
of 90 and 225 volts are present at many points on the bottom
of the chassis.

VII
VIII
 RESTRICTED
SECTION I
DESCRIPTION
1. USE. Training Generator AN/URA-T1 is a device which pro
vides several types of electrical interference encountered by a
radio operator in receiving messages. It is designed to train the
operator to read signals through this interference by mixing the
generator's output with code-oscillator signals fed to a standard
practice table. In field training, the generator may be used to
modulate a standard radio transmitter, familiarizing operators
in a net with several types of interference which may be encount
ered under combat conditions.

2. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. The main component of

Training Generator AN/URA-T1, Modulator MD-22/URA-T1,
weighs 36 pounds and is provided with a suitcase handle. It is
supplied with Mounting FT-250-A for vehicular use or installations
where vibration is encountered. Clip catches on the sides of the
modulator unit are provided to secure it to Mounting FT-250-A.

3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: INTERFERENCE.

Training Generator AN/URA-T1 produces three types of inter
ference :
a. Tones. The tones consist of a repeated series of five notes
creating a sound similar to that produced by bagpipes.
Noise. The noise consists of a hissing, crackling sound simi
b.
lar to static noise heard in a receiver operating near high-
tension lines or sparking electrical equipment.
Random Keying. The random keying consists of a continuous
c.
series of meaningless dots and dashes. The random-keying circuit
will either key an audio tone which is fed into a transmitter-
microphone circuit or key the c-w circuit of a radio-telegraph
transmitter. The first function produces m-c-w signals ; the second
c-w signals.
4. JACKS. Three jacks are provided:
a. The TRANSMITTER jack provides 1-volt output at 200 ohms
for tone operation, and 1.25-volt output at 200 ohms for noise
operation. This jack is used for all transmitter applications. Tt
has a fixed-output voltage and fixed impedance ; no volume control
is provided.
b. TheOUTPUT jack provides an output power of 1.5 watts,
at a variable impedance from 50 to 500 ohms, changed by
shifting taps on transformer T3. The OUTPUT jack is used
for code-table training and provides sufficient power to oper
ate a large number of headsets. The output jack can only
be used when the training generator is operated from a 110-volt,
60-cycle a-c source.
c. The MICROPHONE jack allows the operator to modulate
a transmitter from microphone plugged into the training
a
generator which, in turn, modulates the tranmitter.

5. TUBES USED. Training Generator AN/URA-T1 uses the fol

lowing tubes:

Joint Army-Navy Signal Corps Number

nomenclature nomenclature in use Spare

JAN-6SN7GT VT-231 1 1

JAN-2050 VT-245 1 1

JAN-6X5GT VT-126-B 1 1

JAN-6V6GT VT-107-A 1 1

JAN-991 None 3 1

6. POWER SUPPLY. The training generator can be operated

from three sources: 6-volt battery, 12-volt battery, or 110-volt,
50/60 cycle ac. A power-switching plug (PL1) located within the
case provides the proper connections for each type of power
input used. An indicator dial (127), visible through a window
in the front panel, shows the setting of the plug. Note the dial
setting before throwing power switch ON to prevent application of
an incorrect power source to the generator.

7. CURRENT DRAIN ON POWER SOURCE. The training gen

erator draws the following currents:
Supply voltage Ampere drain Watts
6 v dc 4.0 24
12 v dc 3.0 36
110 v ac 0.31 35
8. COMPONENTS. In addition to Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, the
following components are supplied as part of Training Generator
AN/URA-T1: a mounting base, FT-250-A, for vehicular mount
ing of the equipment, two types of output cords, CX-108/URA-T1
and CX-109/URA-T1, and two types of power supply cords,
CX-110/URA-T1 and CX-111/URA-T1. The cords are stowed in
a compartment at the back of the training generator case. Spare
tubes and vibrator are carried in dummy sockets in the set, and
spare fuses are carried in dummy fuse clips in the set. The
diagram panel (148), which consists of transparent plastic sheet
containing the schematic diagram and the practical wiring dia
gram for Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, slides into two grooves in
the bakelite chassis-supporting tracks inside the training gen
erator.

110V RECEPTACLE
OtEC. 8
6 V RECEPTACLE
CREC. 3) \Z V RECEPTACLE
WEC. 4)
POWER SWITCHING
PLUG
(PL- 1)

NDICATOR DIAL
WINDOW (127)
INDICATOR DIAL
(187)

TL 13248

Figure 2. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, top view, showing

power-switching plug and indicator dial.
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 SECTION II
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION
10. PREPARATION FOR USE. Proceed as follows:
a. After unpacking Training Generator AN/URA-T1, unfasten
the two clip catches on each side of the panel and pull the chassis
out of the case.
b. Check to make certain that all tubes and vibrators are se
curely and properly seated in their sockets.
c. Check the position of the power-switching plug (PL1).
This plug, located in a vertical position in the center of the chassis,
has a round black handle to which a lever (131) is fastened. The
plug fits into any of the three .sockets, which are marked "12 V."
(REC4), "6 V." (REC3), and* "110 V" (REC2), and must be in
the proper socket for the type of power used (fig. 2).

WARNING: Carefully check the position of the power-switch

ing Plug PL1 before connecting to a power source. Otherwise
the equipment may be severely damaged.

11. VEHICULAR INSTALLATION. When the training genera

tor is to be used in a vehicle proceed as follows:
a. Locate the generator at a convenient place within reach
of the operator so that the output cord (Cord CX-109/URA-T1, 6
feet) will reach from the training generator to the transmitter.
Sufficient clearance must be allowed on the left and right sides of
Mounting FT-250-A to allow the clip catches holding the generator
in place to be fastened.
b. Secure Mounting FT-250-A, using the holes provided.
c. Recheck the setting of the power-switching plug.
d. Remove the water-seal cap from the power receptacle REC1
(fig. 4). Secure the cap to the cap mount that is provided to hold
the cap in place when the vehicle is in motion.
e. Connect the proper power cord (Cord CX-111/URA-Tl when
110-volt ac is used; Cord CX-110/URA-T1 when 6- or 12-volt dc
is used (fig. 3) ).
 CORD
PLUG CX-III/URA-TI PLUG-

19 C
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-6 FT-

15 21
03=
CORD
-PLUG CX-IIO/URA-TI
+ CGI
BATTERY
15 21
CLIPS
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- PI

WHITE

IS E
BLACK

PL-68
R

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SHIELD BLACK SHIELD BLACK"^

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"WHITE WHITB-^

TL 13249

Figure S. Cords detail, showing lengths and connections.

 CAUTION: When using Cord CX-110/URA-T1 with battery
power source, connect the black wire of the battery cable to
the grounded terminal of the battery. If this connection is
reversed the vehicular battery may be shorted.

f. Connect the output cord from the TRANSMITTER jack

(JK-33A) on the training generator to either the microphone or
key jack of the radio transmitter with which the generator will
be used (fig. 4) . The vehicular installation is now completed.

INPUT POWER
JACK WATER3EAL
APS OUTPUT JACK JK34A
I NPICATOR WINDOW
(PLUG PL-S5)
WATERSEAL CAP
FOR REC--I

TRANSMITTER JACK JK33A

POWER LINE (PLUG PL-OS)
RECEPTACLE
(REC-0

MICROPHONE JACK JK33A

(PLUG PL-68)

TL 13250
Figure 4- Modulator MD-23/URA-T1, front-panel view.

12. CLASSROOM INSTALLATION. When the training generator

is to be used for code instruction in a classroom or at a code
table and not for vehicular work, proceed as follows:

a. Mounting FT-250-A is not used.

that the mounting catches on the sides of the case
b. Be sure
are fastened into their spring clips to prevent damage to the
catches.

c. Check the power-switching-plug position to be sure that it is

set for the supply voltage to be used.

d. Connect the proper power cord.

e. Connect the training generator output circuit to the desired

headset circuit, using the cords furnished or any appropriate
cord having a Plug PL-55 at one end.
 f. The OUTPUT jack impedance has been set at the factory
at 50 ohms. It may be changed to 125, 200, 250, 333, or 500 ohms
by changing the taps on the secondary of transformer T3. Fifty
ohms appear across leads marked 3 and 4, 125 ohms across leads
3 and 5, 200 ohms across leads 3 and 6, 250 ohms across leads
3 and 7, 333 ohms across leads 3 and 8, and 500 ohms across
leads 3 and 9. See figure 15 for transformer wiring schematic.

MODULATOR MP-22/UBA-T I

OUTPUT CORD
POWER CORD
CX-MO/URA-TI CX-1OB/URA-TI
OR OR
CXHII/URA-TI CXHOV/URA-TI

MOUNTING FT-2JO-A TL 13262

Figure 5. Training Generator AN/URA-Tl, showing Modulator

MD-2S/URA-T1 mounted on Mounting FT-250-A.

13. OPERATION OF CONTROLS. Five controls are located on

the lower recessed portion of the generator's front panel (fig. 4).
They are marked POWER, PITCH, SELECTOR, SPEED, and
VOLUME. Their functions are as follows:
a. The POWER control is the master ON-OFF switch (S2)
controlling the entire unit.
The PITCH control (R27) varies the pitch of the keyed tone
b.
when the SELECTOR switch (S1) is turned to the MCW position.
The SELECTOR switch (S1) selects the type of interfer
c.
ence to be produced. The function of each position is as follows :

8
 (1) TONES. This position produces the bagpipe-tone effect. There
is no manual control. In this position the SELECTOR switch (S1)
turns on the transmitter. Cord CX-109/URA-T1 is used.

(2) NOISE. This position produces the hissing, static-like sound.

There is no manual control. In this position the SELECTOR
switch turns on the transmitter. Cord CX-109/URA-T1 is used.

NOTE: When Training Generator AN/URA-T1 is used to

modulate a transmitter with NOISE, TONES, or MCW, the
volume control (R28) must be turned to OFF position, that is,
to the extreme counterclockwise position.

(3) STANDBY. In this position the training generator produces

no interference modulation. The tube filaments are heated and
the unit is ready for instant operation. The transmitter is not
turned on. If a microphone is plugged into the MICROPHONE
jack of the training generator, and Cord CX-109/URA-T1 is used
between the training generator and transmitter, the switch and
voice circuits of the microphone are connected to the transmitter
for direct operation.

(4) MCW. In this position, the training generator produces

random-keyed audio tone, or modulated continuous wave. The
transmitter is turned ON. The pitch of the audio tone produced
can be varied by the control marked PITCH (R27), located be
tween the POWER switch and SELECTOR controls on the front
panel. The speed at which this variable audio tone may be
random-keyed may be changed by the control (R29) marked
SPEED. Cord CX-109/URA-T1 is used for MCW operation.

(5) CW. This position provides random keying of the (continuous

wave) circuit of a radiotelegraph transmitter. The transmitter
must be manually turned ON for normal c-w operation. The
SELECTOR switch (S1) does not turn on the transmitter. The
speed of the random keying produced is governed by the control
(R29) marked SPEED. This cw keying function of the generator
can be used only in conjunction with a transmitter. Cord
CX-108/URA-T1 is used.

d. TheSPEED control (R29) provides the speed adjustment

of the MCW and CW positions of the SELECTOR switch as
outlined above. Random-keying speed can be controlled from
approximately 10 to 20 words per minute based on interruptions
per minute for the same speed international Morse code.
e. The VOLUME control (R28) controls the volume of the
signal produced at the OUTPUT jack (JK-34A). It has no
control over the volume produced at the TRANSMITTER jack
(JK-33A). This control operates only when the training genera
tor is powered by a 110-volt a-c source.

14. OPERATION OF JACKS. The three jacks provided on the

right upper portion of the front panel (fig. 4) provide the follow
ing functions:
a. The OUTPUT jack, the topmost of the three, provides
power for the operation of code-table headsets. Signal volume is
adjusted by the control marked VOLUME. Output impedance is
adjusted by changing taps on transformer T3. Output signal is
available from the OUTPUT jack only when the training generator
is operated from a 110-volt a-c source. Any suitable cable ended
by Plug PL-55 may be adapted to this jack.
b. The TRANSMITTER jack, the middle of the three jacks,
is used for all transmitter connections. It has a fixed-voltage
output and a fixed impedance of 200 ohms to match the
microphone-input circuit of Signal Corps transmitters. There is
no volume control. Any suitable cable ended by Plug PL-68 will
fit this jack.
c. The MICROPHONE jack, the lowest of the three, pro
vides a direct microphone connection to the transmitter when
the SELECTOR switch (S1) is in STANDBY position and Cord
CX-109/URA-T1 is used between the training generator and the
transmitter. This feature eliminates the need for changing cords
at the transmitter for voice operation. Any suitable cord ended
by Plug PL-68 may be adapted to this jack.

15.OPERATION PROCEDURE. To place Training Generator

AN/URA-T1 in operation, proceed as follows:
a. Set SELECTOR swtich (S1) at STANDBY.

b. Turn POWER switch (S2) to ON.

c. Allow tubes 30 seconds to warm up.
Turn SELECTOR SWITCH (S1) to type of interference de
d.
sired. With SELECTOR switch on TONES, NOISE, or MCW
positions, the transmitter is turned ON by the SELECTOR switch
when transmitter is set for PHONE operation. When the SELEC

10
TOR switch is set for CW, the transmitter must be manually
set for c-w operation.
e. For MCW adjust SPEED and PITCH controls as desired.
For CW adjust SPEED as desired.
f. To use microphone, set the SELECTOR switch at STANDBY.
Push microphone button and talk.

SECTION III
FUNCTIONING OF PARTS
16. GENERAL CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION. Three separate but in
terrelated circuits are used to generate the three types of inter
ference produced by Modulator MD-22/URA-T1.
a. Tones. For tone generation, one triode section of the 6SN7GT
tube (V5) is used as an audio oscillator and the other triode
section as an amplifier. The frequency of oscillation of the first
section is determined by five grid resistors of different values.
These resistors are continuously switched by the tone switch (S3)
which consists of a motor-driven commutator. Paragraph 17
describes this in detail.
b. Noise. For noise generation, the 2050 tube (V4) is connected
as a diode, and the noise created by the gas ions is amplified by
the two sections of V5 after being passed through a low-pass
filter. Paragraph 18 covers noise generation in further detail.
MCW. For m-c-w operation, one triode section of the 6NS7GT
c.
tube (V5) is keyed by the random-keying circuit through relay
RE1. Paragraph 19 describes this action in detail. During c-w
operation the random-keying circuit operates relay RE1 only,
which then keys the transmitter.

17. FUNCTIONING OF TONE CIRCUIT.

a. As stated in paragraph section of the 6 SN7GT
16 a, one
tube (V5) is used in an audio-oscillator circuit. Referring to
figure will be seen that a Hartley-type circuit used
is
it
fl,

in which choke CH1B the tapped tank inductor, capacitor C6

is

is

the tank capacitor, and resistor R17, R18, R19, R20, or R21
the grid leak, depending on the position of the rotor of S3.
is

In brief, the theory of the Hartley oscillator as follows: When

is

11
 JAN 63N7GT
VT-231

SID

CHIB

SI A

RI9
VWWI '
R20

TL 13251

Figure 6. Audio-oscillator circuit, functional schematic diagram.

voltage is applied to the plate of the 6SN7GT tube (V5) current

flows from cathode to plate. This same current flows through
plate resistor Rll, causing the plate voltage to fall. The change
in plate voltage divides between blocking capacitor (C7) and the

12

L
tuned circuit (C6 and CH1B) with the larger percentage of the
voltage appearing across the tuned circuit. The charge appearing
on C6 causes a current to flow in the plate coil (represented by
the portion of CH1B appearing above the center tap) which
magnetically induces a voltage in the grid coil (represented by
the portion of CH1B appearing below the center tap). The in
duced voltage appears on the grid of the tube through capacitor
C4. This grid impulse is a positive voltage which causes the
plate current to rise rapidly until the tube saturation point
is reached.

b. Itis at this point in the cycle that capacitor C6, having

been energized fully in one direction, tries to return to a resting
position. When the electrons start this equalizing process they con
stitute a flow of current in the inductor which is opposite in di
rection to the initial impulse. Thus a negative pulse will be
induced in the grid coil and onto the grid, causing the plate
current of the tube to decrease until C6 is fully charged in the
opposite direction; at this point the cycle will repeat, and oscil
lation has started.

c. The charging of capacitor C6 through the

and discharging
inductor CH1B takes the form of a fly-wheel effect, with the
impulse from the plate circuit once during each cycle supplying
the necessary impulse to sustain oscillation and provide the re
quired energy to the grid. The frequency at which the oscillator
operates is determined primarily by the inductance value of CH1B
(in this case 33 henrys) and by the capacitance of C6 (which is
0.002 microfarad) ; secondarily by the value of the grid leak re
sistors (R17, R18, R19, R20 and R21). The grid leak value de
termines the length of time necessary for the charge, which has
accumulated on the grid and capacitor C4 during the positive
grid swing, to leak off.

d. In this equipment, to create the five tones for the bagpipe

of grid resistors are continuously switched by
effect, five values
a motor-driven switch S3. See figure 11 for an exploded view of
the switch mechanism. The nominal frequency of the five tones
are 335, 430, 570, 505 and 625 cycles per second, and are pro
duced in that order. The frequency values given are only nominal
because of tolerances present in the values of choke CH1B, C6,
and the grid resistors R17, R18, R19, R20 and R21 ; in addition,
tolerance in the characteristic of various 6SN7GT tubes may

13
change the oscillator frequency. When Modulator MD-22/URA-T1
is operated from a 110-volt 60-cycle a-c power source, the five-
tone cycle is repeated 80 times per minute; when using a 6-volt
or 12-volt d-c power source, the five-tone cycle is repeated 133
times per minute. This faster operation of the motor is due
to the vibrator (VB-7C) frequency of 100 cycles per sceond. The
motor runs only when the SELECTOR switch is in the TONES
position.

e. In the modulator the oscillator output

has intentionally been
made rich in harmonics, as is shown by ragged waveshape on an
oscilloscope screen. Because the various circuit elements, such
as the amplifier tubes and transformers, change the phase relation
ship of the harmonic frequencies relative to the fundamental fre
quency, the waveshape at the output jacks differs in appearance
from that at the oscillator output. The harmonic condition is
obtained by impressing on the grid a voltage in excess of the
optimum voltage required for sine wave performance. The tank
coil inductance also acts as transformer between the plate and
grid circuits. In this particular circuit excess grid voltage was
obtained by making the voltage ratio between the two sections
of the inductance equal to 1. For sine wave operation the
ground tap would be located on another section of the inductance
so that the voltage ratio between plate and grid would be
greater than one.

18. FUNCTIONING OF NOISE CIRCUIT. In this operating po

sition, the 2050 tube (V4) is operated as a diode; that is, the
plate and the grid are connected together to form the anode of
the tube. A positive voltage is applied to the anode, which
causes a stream of electrons (plate current) to flow from the
cathode to the tied elements. The 2050 tube is filled with a gas
after being evacuated of all air. The presence of gas ions in
th tube impedes the normal flow of the electrons comprising the
plate current. The resulting collisions between electrons and gas
ions, when the tube is operating, generates noise of all frequen
cies. This noise is passed through a low-pass electric wave filter,
composed of choke CH1A and capacitors C9, C1O, and Cll. This
filter removes all frequencies of the noise above 3,000 cycles per
second. The noise is then amplified by both sections of the
6SN7GT tube (V5).

14
19. FUNCTIONING OF MCW AND CW CIRCUITS, a. The JAN-
991 neon tube, VI, with its associated components, capacitor Cl
and resistor R3 comprises a relaxation oscillator. When a high
voltage is applied through voltage-dropping resistor R2 to one
plate of capacitor Cl, a voltage builds up across the capacitor
plates until it reaches a voltage high enough to discharge through
the neon tube V1 and resistors R3 and R6 to ground. The length
of time that the discharge lasts depends upon the capacity of
the discharging capacitor (Cl) and the value of resistors R3 and
R6. When such a discharge occurs through neon tube V1, a posi
tive charge is impressed on the grid of the 2050 tube V4. This
grid charge acts as a trigger and allows plate current to flow in
the 2050 tube V4. The coil of relay RE1, being in the plate circuit
of the 2050 tube, receives an impulse whenever the 2050 tube
is triggered by the relaxation oscillator. This impulse in the relay
coil causes the relay contacts to close. Capacitor C1S, which
shunts the coil of relay RE1, serves to lengthen the time the
relay remains closed.

b. Because a-c voltage is applied to the plate of the 2050 tube,

the relay would tend to chatter without the inclusion of capacitor
C1S in the circuit. Neon tube V2 with C2 and R5, and neon tube
V3 with C3 and R8, comprise two more relaxation oscillators.
The three relaxation oscillators operate in parallel, that is, they
all are used to trigger the grid of the 2050 tube V4.

of two of the oscillators are similar, but

c. The time constants
different from the time constant of the third oscillator. In order
to operate the 2050 tube as a control tube, it is necessary to use
a-c voltage on the plate. A negative bias on the grid prevents the
tube from ionizing. However, once the gas in the tube ionizes
and passes current, no amount of negative grid voltage will stop
the process and only by reducing the plate voltage below the
ionizing potential of the gas is the process stopped. The negative
part of the a-c plate voltage cycle provides this condition every
half cycle, causing the tube to de-ionize, and permitting the grid
to recover control. lonization occurs from collisions of electrons
emitted by the hot cathode with the gas molecules. A negative
grid voltage prevents the electrons from leaving the cathode and
causing ionization. A positive grid voltage aids the emission of
electrons. The collision knocks an electron out of a gas mole
cule, leaving a positive-charged ion. The flow of the electrons

15
to the positive plate results in the flow of plate current. The
positive ions tend to gather around the cathode and being opposite
polarity aid in the emission of electrons. When the grid is nega
tive the positive ions go to the grid and neutralize the effect
of the grid voltage which prevents the grid from stopping the
emission of electrons. Only by reducing plate voltage and allow
ing de-ionization to take place can the grid resume control.

d. When the SELECTOR switch (S1) is set for c-w operation,

one contact of relay RE1 is connected directly to the TRANS
MITTER jack (JKr33A) and the dc in the transmitter CW cir
cuit is keyed. When the SELECTOR switch (S1) is set for MCW
operation, the relay RE1 completes the grid circuit of the audio-
oscillator section of the 6SN7GT tube V5) to ground, allowing
the oscillator to operate. The oscillator-grid resistor, during
m-c-w operation, is potentiometer R27, which is the PITCH
control, and which regulates this oscillator tone. The speed of
the random keying during m-c-w and c-w operation is regulated
by potentiometer R29, the SPEED control. This control regulates
the voltage applied to the neon tube V1, V2, and V3 in the relaxa
tion-oscillator circuits. During the random-keying function, dots
are created by the firing of a single JAN-991 neon tube; dashes
are formed by two or more of the relaxation oscillators operat
ing nearly at the same instant.

20. FUNCTIONING OF STANDBY CIRCUIT. In the STANDBY

position of the SELECTOR switch (S1) the grid of the first sec
tion of the 6 SN7GT tube (V5) is grounded, and plate voltage
is removed from the 2050 tube (V4) , but tube filaments are heated,
and the equipment is ready for instant operation.

21. FUNCTIONING OF AMPLIFIER STAGES.

a. The second section of the 6 SN7GT tube (V5) is permanently
connected as an amplifier. Resistor R14 causes a voltage drop ir.
the plate circuit to the point where some plate limiting occurs.
Resistor R12 is the tube bias resistor. By use of plate limiting
and grid biasing, both excessive positive and negative peaks of
a signal are limited. Some additional peak limiting is provided
by the selenum rectifier SE1. Limiting of this sort is necessary
to avoid overmodulation of the transmitter which might be caused
by high peaks from the noise or the oscillator source. An inter
stage transformer (T2) couples the output of the 6SN7GT tube

16
(V5) to the grid of the 6V6GT tube (V6) and to the TRANS
MITTER jack (JK-33A). Two separate secondary windings are
used on T2 for this purpose. The secondary winding which sup
plies power to the TRANSMITTER jack is shunted by the selenium
rectifier SE1 which provides additional peak limiting. This
winding has an impedance of 200 ohms. The grid winding of trans
former T2 is shunted by the VOLUME control (R28). This wind
ing provides the signal voltage for the grid of the 6V6GT tube
(V6), the power-amplifier stage.

NOTE: This power-amplifier stage operates only when Modu

lator MD-22/URA-T1 is connected to a 110-volt a-c power
source. This permits the power drain to be kept to a minimum
when the equipment is operated from a battery power source,
such as in field training, where V6 is not needed.

JAN 6SN7GT
VT-231 T2

JK33A

B+-
TL 13252

Figure 7. Peak-limiting circuit, functional schematic diagram.

b. The output transformer T3 couples V6 to the OUTPUT jack

( JK-34A) . The secondary winding of T3 is tapped to permit output
impedances of 50 ohms, 125 ohms, 200 ohms, 250 ohms, 333 ohms,
and 500 ohms. The equipment is shipped from the factory with

17
the output impedance set at 50 ohms. See figure 15 and paragraph
12 f for instructions for changing the output impedance.
Resistor
R33, which shunts the output transformer (T3) secondary wind
ing, eliminates transient voltages which might otherwise appear
across the primary winding when no load is connected to the
secondary.

22.FUNCTIONING OF POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT. Training

Generator AN/URA-T1 is capable of operation from 110- volt a-c,
6-volt d-c, or 12-volts d-c power sources. Circuit switching for
the various power sources is accomplished by placement of plug
PL1 in the correct receptacle, REC2 for 110- volt a-c operation,
REC3 for 6-volt d-c operation, or REC4 for 12-volt d-c operation.
During 110-volt a-c operation, the tube filaments receive power
from a filament winding on the power transformer T4, and the
motor (Ml) which is a part of switch S3 operates directly from
the input power line. During 6- or 12-volt d-c operation, a vibrator
(VB-7C) is used to interrupt the flow of current and make the
input suitable for impressing on the transformer primary. The
tube filaments are powered directly from the d-c power source;
during 12-volt d-c operation a series-voltage-dropping resistor R26
is inserted in the filament circuit. The vibrator supplies voltage of
an alternating frequency of 100 cycles per second on d-c operation.
In order to operate the motor Ml at this frequency, it is connected
to a 150-volt tap on the power transformer. Because the vibrator
supplies a frequency higher than that from a-c power sources,
the tone switch S3 revolves at a higher speed.

23. INSULATION OF JACKS. The jacks are not grounded to the

chassis of the training generator. This feature is necessary for
operation with transmitters which have floating-power circuits
such as Radio RSet SCR-284.

18
 SECTION IV

MAINTENANCE

NOTE: Unsatisfactory performance of this equipment will be

reported immediately on W. D., A. G. 0. Form No. 468. If
Form No. 468 is not available see TM 38-250.

24. GENERAL. Training Generator AN/URA-T1 is a sturdy

piece of equipment, built to withstand considerable mechanical
vibration and electrical overload. Occasionally, however, there
will be a failure in one or more of the component parts. When
such a failure occurs, servicing and repair should be attempted
only by authorized and competent personnel equipped with ade
quate tools and instruments. An inexperienced operator, in at
tempting to locate and repair troubles, may damage the equip
ment further.

25. TROUBLE SHOOTING WITH FRONT PANEL CONTROLS.

If trouble occurs in Modulator MD-22/URA-T1 but the equipment
still produces at least one type of interference, the source of the
trouble may generally be located with the aid of the following
table. Find in the table the condition which applies; the parts
to be checked are then listed in the right hand column. A headset
with a Plug PL-68 should be plugged into the TRANSMITTER
jack (JK-33A) during this test.

19
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20
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Figure 8. Modulator MD-22/URA-T-1, chassis, top view, showing

location of major parts.

21
 N M *i
te. o <e

Figure 9. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, bottom view, showing

location of major parts and front view of main terminal board.

22
 "0
to
<M

Figure 10. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, bottom view, showing

location of major parts and rear view of main terminal board.

23
26. TROUBLE CHART. In case the equipment is completely
inoperative, the items in the trouble chart below should be checked.

TROUBLE CHART

Probable causes Remedy

Power switch (S2) OFF. Turn switch to ON.

Power-switching plug (PL1) in Place power-switching plug in

wrong position for power source correct receptacle.
used.

Dead or low battery. Recharge or replace battery.

Open output cord. Repair or replace cord.

Defective or burned-out tube. Replace See paragraph 27.

Vibrator VB-7C will not start. Replace vibrator.

Blown fuse on a-c operation. Replace fuse after checking as

noted.
Check for shorts in following
parts :

Tube sockets. Clear short replace socket

if necessary.
Tubes. Replace tube see paragraph 27
Power transformer T4. Replace transformer.

Capacitaors C15A and C15B. Replace capacitor assembly.

Choke CH2. Replace choke.
REC2, REC3, REC4, Repair or replace receptacle.

24
 TROUBLE CHART (contd)

Probable causes Remedy

Blown fuse on d-c operation. Replace fuse after checking as

instructed.

Power-switching plug (PL1) Place power-switching plug in

positioned wrong. correct receptacle.

Vibrator (VB-7C) points Replace vibrator.

sticking.

Check for shorts in following

parts :
Tube sockets. Clear short if in wiring or replace
socket.
Tubes. Replace tubes see paragraph 27.

Power transformer T4 Replace transformer.

Capacitors C15A and C15B Replace capacitor assembly.
Choke CH2 Replace choke.
Choke CHS Replace choke.
Capacitor C14 Replace capacitor.

27. TUBE REPLACEMENT. Replacement of burned-out or other

wise defective tubes with new tubes will not affect the normal per
formance of the equipment with the following exceptions.
a. Replacement of V5 (6SN7GT-VT-231) will affect the pitch
of the TONES slightly. This is a normal condition.
b. Occasionally a 2050 tube (VT-245) (V4) is encountered
which will not provide a satisfactory output during NOISE
operation. If this condition occurs, replace with another 2050
tube.
28. MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT OF TONE SWITCH
S3.

a. If the tones
become fuzzy or erratic during TONES operation,
clean commutator. To clean commutator follow this procedure:
(1) On the underside of the chassis, remove the six 6-32 nuts
which fasten terminal board 178 to the switch commutator hous
ing and rotate the terminal board clear.
(2) Disconnect the two motor leads from terminal strip 180
located on the top of the chassis.
(3) Remove the four 6-32 screws which mount the tone switch
S3 assembly to the chassis and remove the tone switch assembly
from the chassis.
(4) Remove the three 5-40 screws mounting the commutator
housing to the mounting plate, noting the manner in which the
unit is assembled.
(5) Clean the two contact balls and the entire inside surface of
the commutator housing with carbon tetrachloride making sure
that the five silver contacts, which are inlaid in the housing, and
the center cup are free of all dust particles and oil.
(6) Reassemble unit (figs. 11 and 12), replace assembly in chassis,
connect motor wires to terminal strip, and replace terminal board
178 onto commutator-housing studs.
b. No provision is made for replacing individual parts of the
tone switch (S3) assembly. If
any trouble develops other than
erratic and fuzzy tones, the entire unit must be replaced.
c. No lubrication is necessary in this assembly. The main motor
bearings are an oilless type with some additional lubrication
sealed in the motor at the factory. The gears are clock-type
and require no attention. If the motor fails to operate at normal
speed, check the commutator for dirty contacts.

NOTE: The mechanism will not operate at normal speed

when temperature is below 15 F.

d. If it is necessary to replace a tone resistor and no resistor

of correct tolerance is available, a resistor of greater tolerance
may be used. However, in order to obtain correct frequency when
using a resistor of greater tolerance, a trial selection is made in
the following manner:
(1) Disconnect ground lead (center terminal) from the tone re
sistor board.

26
(2) Connect one end of the trial resistor to a ground point; the
other end to the outer terminal of the resistor being replaced.
(3) Check tones by comparison to another tone source. An audio
frequency signal generator provides the best source of tone for
checking the tone frequencies. Another method of checking is to
compare the tone with that from another training generator, being
careful to listen to the fundamental frequency instead of the
harmonic.

29. NORMAL VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE READING.

a. The tube socket layout diagrams showing voltages and re
sistance to ground (figs. 13 and 14) are furnished for the in
formation and guidance of servicing personnel. The values are
approximate and will vary slightly with different units and differ
ent measuring equipment. The voltage readings represent those to

NOTE: THIS UNIT IS REPLACEABLE ONLY AS A COMPLETE ASSEMBLY

IT DESCRIPTION
1 COMMUTATOR HOOSINS 6 MOUNTING PLATE II SCREW 5- 40 THREAD
2 BALL PIN 7 MOTOR 12 LOCKWASHER.'S
3 PIN RETAINING COLLARS 8 TENSION SPRING 13 LOCKWA3HER*4
4 ROTOR 9 COUPLING 14 SCREW*4- 40 THREAD
5 CONTACT BALLS IO SET SCREW*5 -40THREAD

TL 13256
Figure 11. Tone switch, S3, exploded view.

27
 MOUNTING PLATE

COMMUTATOR HOUSING
CONTACT BALLS

INLAID CONTACT

TL 13257
Figure IS. Tone switch S3 assembly, section view.

be found in normal operation with a 110- volt a-c power source. The
resistance values represent measurements to ground with all tubes
removed from their sockets, and the power-switching plug PL1 re
moved from its receptacle. The use of this data, along with logical
analysis of the circuit, will generally expose the source of trouble,
should trouble develop.

b. Trouble shooting requires common sense, patience, and thor

oughness. Localizing the circuit in which the trouble lies is the
first step.
From there on, point-to-point resistance and voltage
measurements will lead to the defective part.

NOTE: If the interstage transformer T-2 requires replacement

and a regular replacement is not available, the Signal Corps
transformer type C-159, which is used in Radio Set SCR-194
may be substituted. This transformer is similar electrically
but differs mechanically, necessitating a different mounting
arrangement. Terminals 1-2 are the jack, 3-4 are the plate,
and 5-6 are the grid connections.

28
 >
o
I
rH
>
o

Figure IS. Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, chassis, tube-socket voltage diagram.

29
 05
IO
<N
eo

5 <
2 E)
z
U I o
z
<

O K U tf) M
Z<IO i S tt i S tt

Figure 14. Modulator MD-HS/URA-T1, chassis tube-socket resistance diagram.

30
WINDING * RESISTANCE LEADS
PRI, 5500 OHMS 1
- 2
50 OHMS 3 -4
125 OHMS 3-5
200 OHMS 3-6
SEC.
250 OHMS 3-7
333 OHMS 3-8
500 OHMS 3-9
*AC IMPEDANCE AT 400 C PS
T3

-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
2 (0)
CD)

CD
3

CD)
4

9 CD)

dD
8

TL 13260

Figure 15. Output transformer T3.

31
 WINDING VOLTAGE LEADS
PRI. I 110 VOLTS A.C. IA2
6 VOLT VIBRATOR PRI. 5,6 CT, 7.
PRI.H
12 VOLT VIBRATOR PRI. 4,6CT,8
SEC. I 450 VOLT A.C. C.T. I2.I3CT, 14

SEC.H 6 VOLT A.C. FILAMENT 9.IOCT, II

SEC. in 150 VOLT BATT. OPER.SEG I&3

T4
-14

-13

-12
-II

-10

-9
-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

(0) (ID (D
op 4 OD 9 12
5
CD (D) OD OD
2 6 10 13
(D
qp (D) 7 (ID OD
3 8 ii 14

TL 13261

Figure 16. Power transformer T.

32
30. MOISTUREPROOFING AND FUNGIPROOFING.
a. General. Communication failures commonly occur when Sig
nal Corps equipment is operated in tropical areas where tempera
ture and relative humidity are extremely high. The following
problems are typical:
(1) Resistors and capacitors fail.
(2) Electrolytic action takes place in coils, chokes, transformer
windings, etc., causing eventual breakdown.
(3) Hook-up wire and cable insulation breakdown. Fungus growth
accelerates deterioration.
b. Treatment. A moistureproofmg and fungiproofing treatment
has been devised which, if properly applied, provides a reasonable
degree of protection against fungus growth, insects, corrosion,
salt spray, and moisture. The treatment involves the use of mois
ture- and fungi-resistant varnish applied by means of a spray
gun and/or a brush.
c. Step-by-step Instructions. (1) PREPARATION.
(a) All repairs and adjustments necessary for the proper
operation of the equipment are made.
(b) Thoroughly clean all dirt, dust, rust, fungus, oil, and
grease from the equipment.

(2) DISASSEMBLY. Loosen two catches holding chassis to cab

inet and remove chassis.
(3) MASKING.
(a) Mask the selector switch with masking tape.
(b) If tubes are removed, mask top portions of sockets:
(4) DRYING. Place unit in drying oven and bake for approxi
mately 2 to 3 hours at 160F. DO NOT EXCEED THIS
TEMPERATURE.
(5) VARNISHING.
(a) Spray three coats of moisture and fungiproofing varnish
on all components on underside of chassis.
(b. Do not spray top side of chassis.
(c) Brush three coats of varnish on coil of relay.

(6) REASSEMBLY. Reassemble unit and check operation.

(7) MARKING. Mark unit MFP and date it was accomplished.
(8) REFERENCE. For a full description of the varnish-spray
method of moistureproofing and fungiproofing refer to TB SIG 13,
Moistureproofmg and Fungiproofing Signal Corps Equipment.

33
 SECTION V
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
31. LOCATION OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL PARTS.
Figures will assist in locating and replacing
8, 9, 10, and 11
mechanical and electrical parts. The reference numbers tie-in with
the reference symbols in the Maintenance Parts List, (par. 32) .

34
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 COLOR CODES FOR CAPACITORS AND RESISTORS.
33.
AMERICAN WAR STANDARD 6-DOT COLOR CODE CHART
For Capacitors (molded mica)

DOTS

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th

dot dot dot dot dot dot
Color 1st 2nd 3rd Decimal Toler Charac
digit digit digit multiplier ance teristics
Black 0 0 0 1 20% *A
Brown I 1 1 10 B
Red 2 2 2 100 2% C
Orange 3 3 3 1,000 D
Yellow 4 4 4 10,000 E
Green 5 5 5 100,000 F
Blue 6 6 6 1,000,000 G
Violet 7 7 7 10,000,000

Gray 8 8 8 100,000,000

White 9 9 9 1,000,000,000

Gold 0.1 5%
Silver 0.01 10%

* A Ordinary mica bypass.

B Same as A low loss case.
C Bypass or silver mica capacitor (200 parts/million/C)
D Silver mica capacitor (100 parts/million/C)
E Silver mica capacitor (0 to 100 parts/million/C)
F Silver mica capacitor (0 to 50 parts/million/C)
G Silver mica capacitor (0 to 50 parts/million/C)

51
 RMA STANDARD 6-DOT COLOR CODE CHART
For Capacitors (molded mica)
DOTS

MANUF. NAME

,6 5
DOTS

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th

dot dot dot dot dot dot

Color
1st 2nd 3rd Decimal Toler
digit digit digit multiplier ance Voltage

Black 0 0 0 1

Brown 1 1 1 10 1% lOOv.

Red 2 2 2 100 2% 200v.

Orange 3 3 3 1,000 3% 300v.

Yellow 4 4 4 10,000 4% 400v.

Green 5 5 5 100,000 5% 500v.

Blue 6 6 6 1,000,000 6% 600v.

Violet 7 7 7 10,000,000 7% 700v.

Gray 8 8 8 100,000,000 8% 800v.

White 9 9 9 1,000,000,000 9% 900v.

Gold 0.1 l,000v.

Silver 0.01 10% 2,000v.

Body 20% 500v.

52
 RMA STANDARD COLOR CODE CHART

For Resistors

BAf^DS BANDS
234 4131
i

I BODY

METHOD I
METHOD 2

1st band 2nd band 3rd band 4th band

Decimal
1st digit 2nd digit multiplier Tolerance

Black 0 0 1

Brown 1 1 10

Red 2 2 100

Orange 3 3 1,000

Yellow 4 4 10,000

Green 5 5 100,000

Blue 6 6 1,000,000

Violet 7 7 10,000,000

Gray 8 8 100,000,000

White 9 9 1,000,000,000

Gold +
5%

Silver +
10%

No Color +
20%

58
 Figure 17. Outline dimensional detail.

54
 TONE SW M 1 MOTOR V 3 JAN-991
HOKEAJ5EW VB-7CVIBRATOR V 4 JAN-205O
RAMS. F I 2 AMP FUSE > JAN-6SH7GT
TRANS. F2 IOAUP. FUSE JAN- 6V6GT
TRANS. 3EI SEL. RECT. 7 JAN-6XSGT
MY.CHOKE JK-JiA JACK C-l PO*CR REC.
UHr. CHOKE jK-3ifc JACK C-i IIOV.SOCKET
HT.CHOKE JK-Ut JACK C-36V. SOCKET
R.F. CHOKE V 1 JAN-991 C-4 1V SOCKET
1ELAV V2 JAN-991 PL 1 5W. PLUG

Modulator MD-22/URA-T1, set

TL 13264

55

LuJ