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    Lab Report

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    api-350925704
    This lab simulates how natural selection can cause evolution in a population of birds with different beak types (phenotypes). Students each represent one of four beak types (toothpick, spoon, fork, knife) and must collect either soft or hard food items within a time limit. Data is recorded on which beak type collects the most food. After a drought makes food harder, the spoon beak type collects more on average, representing how natural selection can act on traits over time as environments change. With continued drought, the population would evolve to have more spoon beaks as other types struggle to survive and reproduce. This process of environmental selection driving evolutionary change over generations is called evolution.

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    Lab Report

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    api-350925704
    244 views4 pages
    This lab simulates how natural selection can cause evolution in a population of birds with different beak types (phenotypes). Students each represent one of four beak types (toothpick, spoon, fork, knife) and must collect either soft or hard food items within a time limit. Data is recorded on which beak type collects the most food. After a drought makes food harder, the spoon beak type collects more on average, representing how natural selection can act on traits over time as environments change. With continued drought, the population would evolve to have more spoon beaks as other types struggle to survive and reproduce. This process of environmental selection driving evolutionary change over generations is called evolution.

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    This lab simulates how natural selection can cause evolution in a population of birds with different beak types (phenotypes). Students each represent one of four beak types (toothpick, spoon, fork, knife) and must collect either soft or hard food items within a time limit. Data is recorded on which beak type collects the most food. After a drought makes food harder, the spoon beak type collects more on average, representing how natural selection can act on traits over time as environments change. With continued drought, the population would evolve to have more spoon beaks as other types struggle to survive and reproduce. This process of environmental selection driving evolutionary change over generations is called evolution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    244 views4 pages

    Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    api-350925704
    This lab simulates how natural selection can cause evolution in a population of birds with different beak types (phenotypes). Students each represent one of four beak types (toothpick, spoon, fork, knife) and must collect either soft or hard food items within a time limit. Data is recorded on which beak type collects the most food. After a drought makes food harder, the spoon beak type collects more on average, representing how natural selection can act on traits over time as environments change. With continued drought, the population would evolve to have more spoon beaks as other types struggle to survive and reproduce. This process of environmental selection driving evolutionary change over generations is called evolution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    BirdBeaksLaboratory

    Howdoesnaturalselectioncauseevolution?
    Name:_____________________
    Date:_____________________
    Period:______________________

    Purpose:Thislabactivitywillhelpyouunderstandhownaturalselection,thedrivingforceofevolution,acts
    onapopulation.Apopulationincludesalloftheindividualswithinagivenspecies.Sometimes,anindividualin
    apopulationcanbebornwithatraitthathurtshis/herchancesforsurvival.Chancesare,thisindividualwillnot
    surviveorreproduce.However,anindividualcanalsobebornwithatraitthatactuallyhelpshim/hersurvive.
    Iftheindividualpassesthishelpfultraitalongtoitsoffspring,thetraitmayultimatelybecomemorecommonin
    thepopulation.Sometimes,achangeintheenvironmentwhereapopulationlivescanalsocauseachangein
    thepopulationitself,someindividualswillbemoresuccessfulatsurvivingandreproducingthanothers.

    Today,youandyourclassmatesareallmembersofa
    birdspeciescalled,UtensilBirds,orAvesutensilis.

    Thinkaboutit:Theretendstobevariationwithinapopulation.Forexample,somehumanshaveblueeyes
    andothershavebrownorgreeneyes.Canyouthinkofanothervariationwithinourownhumanspecies?
    Utensilbirdsalsoexhibitvariationintheirspecies.Utensilbirdshavebeaksthatlooklikesingletoothpicks,
    spoons,forks,orknives.Thesearethe4beakphenotypesinAvesutensilis.Phenotypesarethephysical
    expressionsofageneinapopulation.

    ProblemStatement:
    Whichbeaktypehasthebestfeaturesforcollectingfoodandhelpinganindividualbirdsurviveinachanging
    environment?

    Letsresearchtheproblem:Naturalselectioncancauseapopulationtochangeovertime,orevolve.For
    naturalselectiontooccur,fourbasicconditionsmustexist:
    1. Theremustbevariationsintraitsoforganismsinapopulation.
    2. Someorganismsdieandwillnotreproduce.
    3. Survivalisnotrandom;theoneswhosurviveandreproducehaveanadvantageovertheirfellow
    membersofthesamepopulation.Theyhaveanfavorabletrait,atraitthathelpsthemsurvive.
    4. ThisadvantageoustraitpossessedbythesurvivorsMUSTbeheritable;itisgeneticallypassedontoits
    offspring.

    Materials:
    1.4utensils(representsbeaktypes).1ofeachmodelforeachlabgroup:toothpicks,plasticforks,spoons,and
    knives.
    2.Butcherpapertocoverthetables.
    3.Twofooditems:hardfood:beans&softfood:raisins
    4.Twopapercupsforeachstudent(servesasthemouthofthebird).
    5.PhoneTimer(onlyonepersonsphoneshouldbeout)

    Directions:
    1. Thislabisdesignedfor4memberlabgroups.Astudentwillusethesamebeakthroughoutthe
    activity.Eachgroupmemberwillhaveadifferentbeaktype.
    2. Whilefeedingyoumayonlycollectonefooditematatime.Youmustpickuptheitemsandplace
    theminyourcup(modelmouth).Youmaynotrakeitemstowardsyourself,norpickthemup
    withyourotherhand.Theotherhandshouldbebehindyourback.ONLYUSEONEHAND
    WITHYOURUTENSIL.Benicetoyourfellowbirds!!
    3. Pleasenominateonegroupmembertorunthestopwatch.

    Procedure:
    SoftFoodTrials:
    1. Yourgroupwillsoftfood(raisins)onthebutcherpaper.
    2. Setupthetimerfor10seconds.
    3. Whenthetimerstarts,eachmemberwillcollectasmanyitemsaspossiblefromthetable.Collectone
    fooditematatime.
    4. Whenthetimerrings,youmustputdownyourbeaks.
    5. CountandrecordthetotalnumberofitemsthateachbirdcollectedonthedatalogtitledFoodItems
    CollectedbyEachBeakType:SoftFoodTrials.
    6. Repeatsteps25forasecondandathirdtrialwiththesoftfooditems.MotherNature(yourteacher)
    willaddmorefoodifyourunout.
    7. Calculatethemeannumberofsoftfooditemscollectedbyeachbird.
    8. Shareyourdatawithallyourgroupmates.Makesureeveryonehasthedata.
    9. Whendonewithallthreetrials,setthecupsaside.Collectalltheraisinsintoacup.

    AChangingEnvironment:
    Youandyourfellowbirdsliveonanislandwithplentifulrainfall;thatiswhyyourfooditemsaresoft.
    However,aterribledroughtbeginsandthetreesonyourislandbeginproducingmuchharderseeds.Youand
    yourfellowbirdsmustadapttothischangeintheenvironmentordie.

    HardFoodTrials:
    1. Yourgroupwillreceivehardfood(beans)onthebutcherpaper.
    2. Setupthetimerfor10seconds.
    3. Whenthetimerstarts,eachpersonwillcollectasmanyitemsaspossiblefromthetable.
    4. Whenthetimerrings,youmustputdownyourbeaks.
    5. Countandrecordthetotalnumberofitemsthateachbirdcollectedonthedatalogtitled,FoodItems
    CollectedbyEachBeakType:HardFoodTrials.
    6. Repeatsteps25forasecondandathirdtrialwithhardfooditems.
    7. Calculatethemeannumberofsoftfooditemscollectedbyeachbird.
    8. Shareyourdatawithallyourgroupmates.Makesureeveryonehasthedata.
    9. Whendonewithallthreetrials,setthecupsaside.Collectallthebeansintoacup.

    Aftercollectingyourdata,youwillcomeuptoblackboardtowriteyourdatatocreateaclassdatatable.

    Questions:
    1.Thefirstbasicconditionfornaturalselectiontooccuristhattheremustbevariabilitywithina
    species.Whatvariabilitywaspresentinthepopulationofutensilbirds?

    2.Beforetheterribledrought,whichbeaktypesgatheredthemostfooditems?
    3.Aftertheterribledrought,whichbeaktypewasmostsuccessful?

    4.Overtime,ifdroughtconditionscontinue,whatwillhappentothenumberofbirdswiththespoon
    beaksinthepopulation?Whatwillhappentothebirdswiththeotherbeaktypes?

    5.Astheindividualsofthespecieschangeovertime,thewholespeciesmaybegintolookvery
    different.Itmayevenbecomeacompletelydifferentspecies.Whatisthenameofthisprocesscalled?
    FoodItemsCollectedbyeachBeakType(Phenotype)
    SoftFoodTrials
    BeakType Meanof
    (Phenotype) Trial1 Trial2 Trial3 Trials
    13
    Toothpick

    Spoon

    Fork

    Knife

    FoodItemsCollectedbyeachBeakType(Phenotype)
    HardFoodTrials
    BeakType Meanof
    (Phenotype) Trial1 Trial2 Trial3 Trials
    13
    Toothpick

    Spoon

    Fork

    Knife

    Letstabulatetheclassdata:

    MeanFoodItemsCollectedbyeachBeakType(Phenotype)fortheEntireClass
    FoodType Toothpick Spoon Fork Knife
    Collected
    SoftFoodItems

    HardFoodItems

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