TPRI Fluency Equating Tables

Why Measure Fluency Rates?

The ability to read fluently is important for readers primarily because fluency is closely tied to
comprehension. However, we measure student fluency rates on TPRI for other reasons as well. Fluency
growth suggests that students are learning to recognize more words automatically, decode words more
quickly and are building their vocabularies. We also determine fluency rates because they are relatively
quick and easy to measure, and they provide insight into whether students are making reading progress.

Assessing Progress is Tricky

On the TPRI, students typically read two stories each time the TPRI is administered (at BOY, MOY and
EOY). The difficulty of the stories ranges from less challenging to more challenging. When students
receive multiple fluency scores, and read stories of varying difficulty, it is sometimes hard to tell if
students are improving from one time point to the next. The examples on the next page illustrate this
difficulty and show how equated fluency scores can help.

TPRI Fluency Equating Tables Tools for Teachers

TPRI provides tools to help teachers measure and understand fluency scores more effectively. These
tools come in the form of Fluency Equating Tables which equate fluency performance on any story with
the hardest End-of-Year story (Story 6).

Use the information in the tables on the following pages to determine the equated fluency score for
each story that your students read (sample below).

Developed by the Childrens Learning Institute at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2011 University of Texas System & Texas Education Agency
TPRI Fluency Equating Helps Teachers Assess Progress
With equated fluency scores teachers can reflect on student fluency without concern for how many TPRI
stories were read, which story was read or how difficult the stories were. Consider the examples below:

Is Michael making good progress towards the 2nd grade End-of-Year goal of 90 WCPM?

BOY MOY
Example Using Story 1 74 WCPM Story 3 81 WCPM
Story 2 70 WCPM Story 4 74 WCPM
ACTUAL Average Fluency Score: 72 WCPM Average Fluency Score: 77.5 WCPM
TPRI Fluency
Scores Its hard to tell if Michael is improving enough. He is making progress though,
and reading 77 WCPM is pretty good for second grade at MOY.

Story 2

Stories 1 & 4

Story 3

BOY MOY
Story 1 60.0 WCPM Story 3 66.9 WCPM
Example Using
Story 2 58.3 WCPM Story 4 68.4 WCPM
EQUATED Average Fluency Score: 59.2 WCPM Average Fluency Score: 67.6 WCPM
TPRI Fluency
( At BOY Michael was on target reading almost 60 WCPM at the start of second
Scores
grade. Now hes falling behind! Hes definitely not on track to reach 90 WCPM at
EOY. I need to change my instruction to ensure he gets the help he needs.

Making Instructional Decisions

Equated scores help to show difficulties that might be missed by looking just at actual scores. When
grouping students and making instructional decisions using an equated TPRI fluency score, identify the
equated fluency score for each story, then use these two equated scores to calculate the AVERAGE
EQUATED FLUENCY SCORE.

Developed by the Childrens Learning Institute at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2011 University of Texas System & Texas Education Agency
 Grade 1 - Fluency Equating Tables

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Using the first column, locate the student's actual Words Correct per Minute (WCPM) fluency score.
2. Look across the columns to the right to find the Equated WCPM score for the story the student read.
NOTE: If the student read Story 6, the actual fluency score is the same as the equated score.

ACTUAL BOY MOY EOY

Story 1 Story 2 Story 3 Story 4 Story 5 Story 6
Student's Tut Baseball Rex Bats Bananas The School
Actual Game Fair
WCPM Score Equated Equated Equated Equated Equated Equated
(Raw Score) WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM
15 17.3 NA 14.8 17.3 16.5 15.0
16 17.6 NA 15.3 17.8 16.8 16.0
17 18.0 14.9 15.8 18.3 17.1 17.0
18 18.5 16.8 16.3 18.9 17.4 18.0
19 19.0 17.3 16.7 19.5 17.8 19.0
20 19.5 17.4 17.2 19.7 18.3 20.0
21 20.1 18.5 17.4 20.0 19.2 21.0
22 20.9 19.8 17.7 20.6 19.7 22.0
23 21.7 21.4 17.9 23.9 19.9 23.0
24 23.4 22.5 18.1 24.8 20.6 24.0
25 24.2 23.7 19.2 25.7 23.6 25.0
26 24.5 24.5 20.0 26.6 25.5 26.0
27 25.0 25.3 20.9 27.3 26.0 27.0
28 25.4 27.3 22.8 27.9 27.4 28.0
29 26.8 27.5 24.1 28.3 27.6 29.0
30 27.6 27.6 24.4 28.8 27.7 30.0
31 27.7 27.7 24.8 30.0 27.8 31.0
32 28.1 28.0 26.4 30.3 28.3 32.0
33 28.7 28.3 27.4 31.2 29.1 33.0
34 29.2 28.6 27.7 34.3 29.9 34.0
35 29.5 29.1 28.1 35.5 30.0 35.0
36 29.9 29.8 28.3 36.3 30.1 36.0
37 30.3 30.0 28.6 36.6 30.3 37.0
38 31.1 30.0 29.4 37.1 30.9 38.0
39 33.4 30.1 30.0 38.7 35.3 39.0
40 35.0 30.2 30.1 41.2 35.8 40.0
41 35.6 32.8 30.3 43.4 36.1 41.0
42 36.1 34.4 30.9 43.6 37.0 42.0
43 37.1 35.1 33.4 44.3 38.7 43.0
44 38.3 35.7 34.7 44.9 41.2 44.0
45 39.7 36.4 35.5 45.7 42.6 45.0
46 40.9 36.7 36.0 47.1 43.4 46.0
47 42.4 37.2 36.4 48.6 43.5 47.0
48 43.4 39.0 36.9 49.5 43.5 48.0
49 43.5 40.0 37.3 51.2 43.6 49.0

Developed by the Childrens Learning Institute at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2011 University of Texas System Texas Education Agency
Grade 1 - Fluency Equating Tables

ACTUAL BOY MOY EOY

Story 1 Story 2 Story 3 Story 4 Story 5 Story 6
Student's Tut Baseball Rex Bats Bananas The School
Actual Game Fair
WCPM Score Equated Equated Equated Equated Equated Equated
(Raw Score) WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM
50 43.8 41.2 38.3 53.5 43.8 50.0
51 44.1 42.8 39.4 54.1 44.0 51.0
52 44.4 44.5 41.3 55.6 44.2 52.0
53 44.6 46.3 43.5 56.1 44.7 53.0
54 44.8 47.2 44.4 56.5 46.8 54.0
55 47.4 49.1 44.7 56.7 48.8 55.0
56 48.8 52.1 46.9 56.9 52.8 56.0
57 49.8 53.1 47.9 57.1 53.4 57.0
58 50.9 54.5 48.5 57.8 53.8 58.0
59 51.8 55.6 49.2 58.8 55.8 59.0
60 52.5 55.7 51.0 59.3 56.3 60.0
61 53.5 55.8 52.4 59.5 57.2 61.0
62 54.3 55.9 53.4 60.9 57.7 62.0
63 55.6 56.2 53.8 62.4 58.4 63.0
64 56.0 56.8 55.8 64.5 59.3 64.0
65 57.0 57.3 56.3 65.0 59.5 65.0
66 57.2 58.0 57.1 65.5 61.4 66.0
67 57.9 59.4 57.5 66.0 62.4 67.0
68 58.8 60.7 57.9 66.9 63.8 68.0
69 59.5 61.4 58.6 67.6 65.3 69.0
70 61.3 64.0 59.4 68.7 66.1 70.0
71 61.4 64.8 61.3 69.6 67.3 71.0
72 61.5 65.3 62.8 70.5 68.0 72.0
73 63.4 65.7 64.6 71.9 68.6 73.0
74 64.9 66.1 65.1 73.8 73.9 74.0
75 65.6 66.7 65.7 74.6 75.7 75.0
76 67.0 67.1 66.9 75.3 76.2 76.0
77 69.6 67.2 67.3 76.7 76.4 77.0
78 72.1 67.3 67.9 78.5 76.7 78.0
79 74.0 67.5 70.0 79.2 77.4 79.0
80 75.3 68.1 72.4 80.3 78.1 80.0
81 75.9 69.3 74.7 81.4 78.4 81.0
82 76.5 71.7 75.7 82.1 78.7 82.0
83 77.7 74.4 76.3 82.7 79.0 83.0
84 78.8 75.5 76.7 83.4 79.3 84.0
85 79.9 76.5 77.7 83.6 79.8 85.0
86 82.3 78.8 78.9 84.2 80.6 86.0
87 83.6 79.2 79.1 85.0 82.0 87.0
88 84.0 79.8 79.2 85.7 83.5 88.0
89 85.2 80.9 79.5 87.0 83.7 89.0
90 86.1 82.1 79.8 87.7 84.8 90.0
91 86.5 83.3 81.5 88.2 85.8 91.0
92 86.9 83.6 83.1 88.7 87.0 92.0
93 87.4 85.7 83.5 89.2 87.9 93.0
94 88.8 87.3 83.6 89.7 88.6 94.0

Developed by the Childrens Learning Institute at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2011 University of Texas System Texas Education Agency
Grade 1 - Fluency Equating Tables

ACTUAL BOY MOY EOY

Story 1 Story 2 Story 3 Story 4 Story 5 Story 6
Student's Tut Baseball Rex Bats Bananas The School
Actual Game Fair
WCPM Score Equated Equated Equated Equated Equated Equated
(Raw Score) WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM
95 93.7 91.5 83.7 91.5 89.3 95.0
96 97.2 94.2 85.1 93.4 90.2 96.0
97 100.8 96.1 86.4 95.7 91.5 97.0
98 103.8 98.5 87.4 96.0 92.8 98.0
99 104.6 99.7 88.9 96.2 93.9 99.0
100 104.9 99.9 90.3 96.5 94.8 100.0
101 105.2 100.0 91.6 96.7 95.7 101.0
102 105.5 100.2 92.8 99.6 96.5 102.0
103 105.7 101.0 94.1 100.7 98.1 103.0
104 105.8 103.0 95.4 102.3 99.7 104.0
105 105.9 103.6 96.4 103.0 99.9 105.0
106 106.1 104.1 98.0 103.5 100.1 106.0
107 107.1 104.6 99.7 103.9 100.3 107.0
108 109.3 104.8 100.0 104.4 100.9 108.0
109 111.4 104.9 100.3 104.8 101.5 109.0
110 113.5 105.1 100.8 105.4 102.0 110.0
111 114.6 105.2 101.4 105.8 102.4 111.0
112 115.5 105.4 102.0 105.9 102.8 112.0
113 116.1 105.5 102.7 106.4 103.3 113.0
114 116.8 105.7 103.4 111.4 104.1 114.0
115 117.2 105.8 104.3 113.7 105.8 115.0
116 117.4 105.9 105.6 114.6 106.0 116.0
117 117.7 106.1 105.7 115.3 106.2 117.0
118 117.9 107.2 105.8 116.0 106.4 118.0
119 118.3 110.6 105.9 116.6 107.2 119.0
120 118.8 111.9 105.9 117.1 108.2 120.0
121 119.4 113.0 106.1 117.5 109.1 121.0
122 120.2 113.7 106.3 117.9 110.0 122.0
123 120.9 114.2 107.3 118.1 112.0 123.0
124 121.6 114.6 109.7 118.3 114.0 124.0
125 122.1 115.0 111.2 118.5 114.7 125.0
126 122.6 115.4 112.2 118.6 115.3 126.0
127 123.1 115.8 113.2 118.8 115.8 127.0
128 123.6 116.1 114.0 119.0 116.2 128.0
129 124.0 116.4 114.6 119.4 116.5 129.0
130 127.4 116.8 115.2 119.7 116.9 130.0
131 130.5 117.1 115.8 120.1 117.3 131.0
132 131.7 117.4 116.4 120.5 117.7 132.0
133 132.4 117.7 117.0 120.9 118.0 133.0
134 132.8 118.0 117.6 121.3 118.2 134.0
135 133.2 118.5 118.1 122.2 118.4 135.0
136 133.7 118.9 118.6 123.0 118.6 136.0
137 134.1 119.6 119.0 123.9 118.8 137.0
138 134.5 120.5 120.8 126.3 119.0 138.0
139 134.9 121.3 121.9 128.9 120.4 139.0

Developed by the Childrens Learning Institute at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2011 University of Texas System Texas Education Agency
Grade 1 - Fluency Equating Tables

ACTUAL BOY MOY EOY

Story 1 Story 2 Story 3 Story 4 Story 5 Story 6
Student's Tut Baseball Rex Bats Bananas The School
Actual Game Fair
WCPM Score Equated Equated Equated Equated Equated Equated
(Raw Score) WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM WCPM
140 135.4 123.0 122.8 131.4 121.3 140.0
141 137.3 124.0 123.7 132.2 122.0 141.0
142 139.9 125.4 125.2 132.7 122.6 142.0
143 142.6 126.5 127.3 133.2 123.2 143.0
144 145.2 127.6 129.4 133.7 123.7 144.0
145 147.8 128.7 131.5 134.3 125.8 145.0
146 150.9 129.8 132.7 134.8 129.5 146.0
147 154.1 130.9 133.7 135.3 131.7 147.0
148 157.2 131.7 134.8 135.5 132.6 148.0
149 160.3 132.5 135.5 138.2 133.3 149.0
150 163.4 133.2 139.6 139.9 134.0 150.0
151 165.0 133.8 142.8 141.7 134.6 151.0
152 166.8 134.4 145.9 143.4 135.3 152.0
153 168.1 135.1 147.8 145.1 135.5 153.0
154 169.3 135.5 151.0 146.8 137.0 154.0
155 170.5 139.0 153.3 147.8 138.0 155.0
156 171.7 141.7 155.6 150.4 138.9 156.0
157 173.0 144.3 157.9 152.2 139.8 157.0
158 NA 147.0 160.2 154.1 140.7 158.0
159 NA 151.0 162.5 155.9 141.6 159.0
160 NA 155.5 164.8 157.8 142.5 160.0
161 NA 160.0 165.0 159.6 143.4 161.0
162 NA 164.5 165.9 161.5 144.3 162.0
163 NA 167.3 166.3 163.3 145.2 163.0
164 NA 169.9 166.8 165.0 146.2 164.0
165 NA 172.4 167.2 166.6 147.1 165.0
166 NA NA 167.7 168.1 147.8 166.0
167 NA NA 168.1 169.6 151.3 167.0
168 NA NA 168.6 171.1 154.2 168.0
169 NA NA 169.0 172.6 157.1 169.0
170 NA NA 169.5 NA 160.0 170.0
171 NA NA 169.9 NA 163.0 171.0
172 NA NA 170.4 NA 165.0 172.0
173 NA NA 170.8 NA 166.3 173.0
174 NA NA 171.3 NA 167.3 174.0
175 NA NA 171.7 NA 168.3 175.0
176 NA NA 172.2 NA 169.2 176.0
177 NA NA 172.6 NA 170.2 177.0
178 NA NA 173.1 NA 171.2 178.0
179 NA NA NA NA 172.2 179.0

Developed by the Childrens Learning Institute at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2011 University of Texas System Texas Education Agency