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    Niche & Community Interactions Niche

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    siti nurhalizah
    The document discusses niche and community interactions. It defines a niche as describing what an organism does and how it interacts with biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited resources, and can be intraspecific or interspecific. Predation, herbivory, and keystone species also influence community interactions - predators affect prey populations, herbivores impact plants, and keystone species cause dramatic effects. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism, where species either both benefit, one is harmed, or one benefits while the other is not affected.

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    Niche & Community Interactions Niche

    Uploaded by

    siti nurhalizah
    58 views4 pages
    The document discusses niche and community interactions. It defines a niche as describing what an organism does and how it interacts with biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited resources, and can be intraspecific or interspecific. Predation, herbivory, and keystone species also influence community interactions - predators affect prey populations, herbivores impact plants, and keystone species cause dramatic effects. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism, where species either both benefit, one is harmed, or one benefits while the other is not affected.

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    tugas ekologi

    Original Title

    Tugas Ekologi Niche

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    The document discusses niche and community interactions. It defines a niche as describing what an organism does and how it interacts with biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited resources, and can be intraspecific or interspecific. Predation, herbivory, and keystone species also influence community interactions - predators affect prey populations, herbivores impact plants, and keystone species cause dramatic effects. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism, where species either both benefit, one is harmed, or one benefits while the other is not affected.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    58 views4 pages

    Niche & Community Interactions Niche

    Uploaded by

    siti nurhalizah
    The document discusses niche and community interactions. It defines a niche as describing what an organism does and how it interacts with biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited resources, and can be intraspecific or interspecific. Predation, herbivory, and keystone species also influence community interactions - predators affect prey populations, herbivores impact plants, and keystone species cause dramatic effects. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism, where species either both benefit, one is harmed, or one benefits while the other is not affected.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Niche & Community Interactions

    Niche

    Niche Describes what an organism does and how it interacts with the
    biotic and abiotic factors of its environment.

    Resources refer to any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, food, or space.

    There are two aspect of niche :

    1. The Physical Aspects of the Niche are the abiotic


    factors that are required for survival. An example
    would be water.

    2. The Biological Aspects of the Niche involve the


    biotic factors that are required for survival. An
    example would reproduction and food.

    There are two conditions that help define where and how organisms live.

    1. Tolerance :

    o Is the ability to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental


    conditions.

    o All organisms have an upper and lower limit of tolerance for every
    environmental factor.

    2. Habitat : Is the general place where an organism lives.

    Competition

    - Competition Occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited ecological
    resource in the same place and time.

    - Can be intraspecific or interspecific.


    - Competitive exclusion principle states that no two species can occupy exactly the
    same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time.

    Division of resources

    - By causing species to divide resources, competition helps determine the number and
    kind of species in a community and the niche each species occupies.

    - Species usually divide similar resources instead of competing for them. \

    Predation, Herbivory, and Keystone Species

    Predation-prey relationships

    - Predation occurs when one animal captures and feeds on another animal.
    - Predators can affect the size of prey populations in a community and
    determine the places prey can live and feed.

    - Herbivore- Plant Relationships Herbivory is an interaction in which one animal feeds


    on producers. Herbivores can have major effects on plant survival.

    - Keystone species is a single species that can cause dramatic effects in the structure of
    a community. Examples: wolf and sea otter.

    Symbiosis
    - Means living together.

    - Is any relationship in which two species live closely together.

    - Biologist recognize three main classes of symbiotic relationships: mutualism,


    parasitism, and commensalism.

    - Mutualism is a relationship in which both species benefit. Example: sea anemone and
    clown fish.

    - Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism lives inside or on another


    organisms and harms it.

    - Commensalism is relationship in which one organism benefits and the other neither
    harmed nor helped. Examples: whale and barnacles, shark and remora.

    commensalism parasitis
    mutualis

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