Steel Sheet Piling Design Manual
Steel Sheet Piling Design Manual
Steel Sheet Piling Design Manual
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 1
A bit of history
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 2
A bit of history
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 3
Types of steel sheet piles 1
U - section
Z - section
Combined wall
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 4
Types of steel sheet piles 2
Wx (cm3/m)
30 000
temporary, small excavations / retaining 25 000
structures: 20 000
Wx < 2 500 15 000
marine structures (<12.0m dredge level) / 10 000
5015
deep excavations: 5 000
3200
Wx < 5 000 4800 4000
0
large quay walls / deep cofferdams: U-type Z-type HZM/AZ Pipe/AZ
Wx > 5 000
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 5
Hot rolled Z and U type steel sheet piles (2011)
AZ 13 AZ 18 AZ 26 AZ 48
Z type
AZ 13-770 AZ 18-700 AZ 26-700 AZ 38-700N
PU 12 PU 18 PU 22 PU 28 PU 32
GU 7N GU 13-500 GU 16-400
U type
AU 16 AU 20 AU 25
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 6
Old range of HZ / AZ (since 1990s)
23
17
1050
462
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 7
Steel grades for hot rolled steel sheet piles
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 9
CASE STUDY
Unterinntalbahn (Brenner) project Austria
Carried out by
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 10
Challenges
All retaining walls initially designed in concrete sheet pile combined walls not
previously used in Austria as temporary structure
Proximity to existing (running) railway line and roads, and to buildings
Proximity to river Inn and risk of flooding
Existing groundwater level
Multiple crossing over/under river, roads and existing railway
Multiple construction methods
Conventional tunneling (including under compressed air)
Cut-and-cover method with underwater concreting
Shield tunneling method
Many different cross sections along the 40km track
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 11
Driving tests water jetting
tubes
15 25 bar Water
Pump Tank
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 12
Driving tests HZ king piles
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 13
Driving tests AZ sheet piles
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 14
Declutching detection: DIXERAN
Detail A
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 15
Cut & cover building phases 1
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 16
Driving of sheet piles
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 17
Example of driving plan
HZ-AZ combined walls and PU anchor walls
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 18
Driving of sheet piles
HZ-AZ combined walls and PU anchor walls
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 19
Driving of sheet piles
Introduction of sealant use of driving template
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 20
Driving of sheet piles
PU anchor wall
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 21
Dredging works
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 22
Cut & cover building phases 2
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 23
Underwater works supervised by divers
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 24
Anchoring & concreting
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 25
Dewatering of trenches
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 26
Cut & cover building phases 3
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 27
Finishing concreting works after dewatering
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 28
Tunnel construction / introduction of tunneling machine
in finished dry trench
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 29
Removal of sheet piles for re-use or sale
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 30
Temporary sheet pile retaining wall for
safety shaft
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 31
Proximity to roads and existing railway
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 32
Other major recent transport infrastructure projects
Congonhas underpass
Sao Paulo Airport, Brazil
Project location
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 34
Examples of sheet piles in permanent use for transport /
urban infrastructure
Flood defences
Bridge abutments
Underground
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 car parksPiling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 35
Agenda
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 36
New range of HZ-M
h t s w
Nb of sections
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
w/4
w tmax tmax
r t
h h1 y y h y y
h h1 y y s s
s
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 37
New HZ-M production facility
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 38
Comparison HZ-M / HZ
Iy Wel,y * G100%
(cm4/m) (cm3/m) (kg/m2)
Combination C23
Combination 12
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 39
Performance of new HZ-M range
HZ-M
HZ. 12 & 24
Infill sheet pile: AZ18-700
13 265 18 895
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 40
CASE STUDY
Deep Sea Terminal JadeWeserPort
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 41
Deep Sea Terminal JadeWeserPort
General layout
1.725 km
New access channel
Facilities
Berths: 4
Container cranes: 16 120 ha
Van Carrier: 68
Stacker: 8 170 ha
Train handling cranes: 5
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 42
Quay wall cross section
+7,50
30,80 m
-23,30
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 43
Construction of the quay wall
with ArcelorMittal sections
y y
Infill sheets
AU 20
AZ 13-12/12
Main piles
Anchor piles HZ 975
HTM 600/136 HZ 1080M
Fender piles
D=1219 mm
t=25 mm
Steel piles
D=813 mm
t=17.5 mm
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 44
HZ-M Box piles length up to 46 m
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 46
Challenge: fabrication / logistics / storage
HZ 1080 M 24
L = 24 48 m
G = 18 up to 46 mt
total 830 box-piles
25 - 30 pieces per week
> 1000 mt / week
delivery plan
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 47
Positioning of king piles in template
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 48
Driving of main king piles
Jack-up platform and supply barge
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 49
Driving of battered anchor piles, double acting hydraulic
hammer guided on a leader
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 50
Installation of the infill sheets
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 51
Anchor pile connection to the front wall
Hinged connection
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 52
Anchors in corner before start of filling works
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 53
Driving tests for HZM king piles
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 5454
Tension tests for HTM anchor piles
Inclinometers
Strain gauges
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 5555
Harbour Area before starting
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 56
June 2008
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 57
November 2008
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 58
January 2009
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 59
August 2009
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 60
December 2009
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 61
March 2011
www.jadeweserport.de
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 62
Illustration of completed terminal
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 63
Agenda
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 64
Straight web steel sheet piles AS 500
gravity structure
300 mm L 500 mm
deep wharfs / quays / breakwaters / cofferdams
testing: EN10248-1
structures founded on bedrock
no anchors
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 65
Types of cells
Circular cells
junction pile
Diaphragm cells
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 66
CASE STUDY
Solis hydroelectric dam, Switzerland
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 67
Looking for a solution 1
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 68
Looking for a solution 2
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 69
Original design complex double-walled sheet pile
cofferdam with 6 levels of struts
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 70
After optimisation
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 71
Section along cofferdam
Lake bed
Silty lake sediments
~ 20-24
g ~ 19-21 kN/m3
528 sheet piles (AS500-9.5 and AS500-12) with a total tonnage of 859 kt were delivered.
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 72
A logistical challenge
Spreader beam
with attachment
for handling of
long piles
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 73
Putting into place the circular template
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 74
Installation
junction pile
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 75
After backfilling and drainage
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 76
Next step reuse of sheet piles and conversion from
temporary to permanent cofferdam!
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 77
Seo-Hae Grand Bridge, South Korea
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 78
Tug-boat quay in Paraso, Panama Canal
AS 500-12.0
20 circular cells
= 15.0 m, L = 18.5 20.0 m
3000 t
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 79
Circular Cell Structure
E-METHANEX Berth, Damietta, Egypt
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 80
Diaphragm Cell Structure
Essar Quay wall, Hazira, India
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 81
Agenda
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 82
Durability of steel structures
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 83
Introducing AM LoCor
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 84 84
Agenda
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 85
ArcelorMittal Sheet Piling Foundation Solutions
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 86
ArcelorMittal Sheet Piling Foundation Solutions
http://www.arcelormittal.com/sheetpiling
http://www.arcelormittal.com/projects
Johannesburg, 16th August 2011 Piling and Deep Foundations Africa 2011 88