Pipesys

Version 1.
13
User's Guide
Copyright Notice
The copyright in this manual and its associated computer program are the property of
Hyprotech Ltd. All rights reserved. Both this manual and the computer program have
been provided pursuant to a License Agreement containing restrictions on use.
Hyprotech reserves the right to make changes to this manual or its associated computer
program without obligation to notify any person or organization. Companies, names and
data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise stated.
No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval

system, or translated into any other language, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical manual or otherwise, or disclosed to third
parties without the prior written consent of Hyprotech Ltd., Suite 800, 707 - 8th Avenue
SW, Calgary AB, T2P 1H5, Canada.
2001 Hyprotech Ltd. All rights reserved.
HYSYS, HYSYS.Plant, HYSYS.Process, HYSYS.Refinery, HYSYS.Concept, HYSYS.OTS,

HYSYS.RTO, HYSIM and PIPESYS are registered trademarks of Hyprotech Ltd.
Microsoft Windows, Windows 95/98, Windows NT and Windows 2000 are

registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation.
This product uses WinWrap Basic, Copyright 1993-1998, Polar Engineering and
Consulting.
Documentation Credits
Authors of the current release, listed in order of historical start on project:
Rolf C. Fox, B.Sc; Edmard A. DeSouza, B. Math; Garry A. Gregory, Ph.D., P.Eng.; Lisa Hugo,
BSc, BA; Chris Strashok, BSc
Since software is always a work in progress, any version, while representing a milestone,
is nevertheless but a point in a continuum. Those individuals whose contributions
created the foundation upon which this work is built have not been forgotten. The
current authors would like to thank the previous contributors.
A special thanks is also extended by the authors to everyone who contributed through
countless hours of proof-reading and testing.
Contacting Hyprotech
Hyprotech can be conveniently accessed via the following:
Website: www.hyprotech.com
Technical Support: support@hyprotech.com
Information and Sales: Info@hyprotech.com
Detailed information on accessing Hyprotech Technical Support can be found in the

Technical Support section in the preface to this manual.
Table of Contents
1 Overview........................................................... 1-1
1.1 Introduction........................................................................ 1-3
1.2 How This Manual Is Organized ......................................... 1-5
1.3 Disclaimer.......................................................................... 1-5
1.4 Copyright ........................................................................... 1-6
1.5 Acknowledgements ........................................................... 1-6
1.6 Warranty............................................................................ 1-7
1.7 Technical Support ............................................................. 1-8
2 Installation ....................................................... 2-1

2.1 System Requirements ....................................................... 2-3
2.2 Software Requirements..................................................... 2-3
2.3 Installing PIPESYS............................................................ 2-4
3 The PIPESYS View ........................................... 3-1

3.1 PIPESYS Features............................................................ 3-3
3.2 Adding PIPESYS............................................................... 3-4
3.3 PIPESYS User Interface ................................................... 3-8
3.4 The Main PIPESYS View .................................................. 3-9
4 Elevation Profile -Quick Start ......................... 4-1

4.1 Flow Sheet Set-Up ............................................................ 4-3
4.2 Adding the PIPESYS Extension ........................................ 4-4
4.3 Defining the Elevation Profile ............................................ 4-5
5 Pipe Unit View .................................................. 5-1

5.1 Connections Tab ............................................................... 5-3
5.2 Adding a Pipe Unit............................................................. 5-9
6 Global Change Feature..................................... 6-1

6.1 Global Change View.......................................................... 6-4
6.2 Global Change Procedure................................................. 6-7
6.3 Making a Global Change................................................... 6-9
iii
7 In-line Compressor ........................................... 7-1
7.1 The Compressor View....................................................... 7-3
7.2 Adding a Compressor...................................................... 7-13
8 In-line Pump...................................................... 8-1

8.1 In-line Pump View ............................................................. 8-3
9 In-line Facility Options ..................................... 9-1

9.1 In-line Heater..................................................................... 9-3
9.2 In-line Cooler ..................................................................... 9-4
9.3 Unit-X ................................................................................ 9-6
9.4 In-line Regulator ................................................................ 9-8
9.5 In-line Fittings .................................................................... 9-9
9.6 Pigging Slug Check ......................................................... 9-11
9.7 Severe Slugging Check................................................... 9-13
9.8 Erosion Velocity Check ................................................... 9-16
9.9 Side Stream..................................................................... 9-18
10 Gas-Condensate Tutorial ............................... 10-1

10.1 Setting Up the Flowsheet ................................................ 10-3
10.2 Adding a PIPESYS Extension ......................................... 10-8
10.3 Applying a Global Change............................................. 10-16
11 PIPESYS Application 1 ................................... 11-1

11.1 Gas Condensate Gathering System................................ 11-3
11.2 Setting up the Flowsheet................................................. 11-6
11.3 Setting Up the Case ........................................................ 11-8
11.4 Results .......................................................................... 11-18
12 PIPESYS Application 2 ................................... 12-1

12.1 Optimization Application.................................................. 12-3
13 Glossary of Terms .......................................... 13-1

13.1 PIPESYS Terms.............................................................. 13-3
13.2 References ...................................................................... 13-6
13.3 PIPESYS Methods and Correlations............................... 13-9
Index .................................................................. 11
iv
Overview 1-1
1 Overview
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3
1.2 How This Manual Is Organized ................................................................... 5
1.3 Disclaimer ..................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Copyright ...................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Acknowledgements...................................................................................... 6
1.6 Warranty ........................................................................................................ 7
1.7 Technical Support ........................................................................................ 8

1.7.1 Technical Support Centres ....................................................................... 9
1.7.2 Offices .................................................................................................... 10
1.7.3 Agents .....................................................................................................11
1-1
1-2
1-2
Overview 1-3
1.1 Introduction
A pipeline must transport fluids over diverse topography and under
varied conditions. Ideally this would be done efficiently with a correctly
sized pipeline that adequately accounts for pressure drop, heat losses
and includes the properly specified and sized in-line facilities, such as
compressors, heaters or fittings. Due to the complexity of pipeline
network calculations, this often proves a difficult task. It is not
uncommon that during the design phase an over-sized pipe is chosen
to compensate for inaccuracies in the pressure loss calculations. With
multiphase flow, this can lead to greater pressure and temperature
losses, increased requirements for liquid handling and increased pipe
corrosion. Accurate fluid modelling helps to avoid these and other
complications and results in a more economic pipeline system. To
accomplish this requires single and multiphase flow technology that is
capable of accurately and efficiently simulating the pipeline flow.
PIPESYS has far-reaching capabilities to accurately and powerfully

model pipeline hydraulics. It uses the most reliable single and
multiphase flow technology available to simulate pipeline flow.
Functioning as an seamless extension to HYSYS, PIPESYS has access to
HYSYS features such as the component database and fluid properties.
PIPESYS includes many in-line equipment and facility options relevant
to pipeline construction and testing. The extension models pipelines
that stretch over varied elevations and environments. PIPESYS enables
you to:
rigorously model single phase and multiphase flows

compute detailed pressure and temperature profiles for
pipelines that traverse irregular terrain, both on shore and
offshore
perform forward and reverse pressure calculations
model the effects of in-line equipment such as compressors,
pumps, heaters, coolers, regulators and fittings including
valves and elbows
perform special analyses including
- pigging slug prediction
- erosion velocity prediction
- severe slugging checks
model single pipelines or networks of pipelines in isolation or
as part of a HYSYS process simulation
perform sensitivity calculations to determine the dependency of
system behaviour on any parameter
quickly and efficiently perform calculations with the internal
calculation optimizer, which significantly increases calculation
speed without loss of accuracy
1-3
1-4 Introduction
determine the possibility of increasing capacity in existing

pipelines based on compositional effects, pipeline effects and
environmental effects
Figure 1.1
A PIPESYS network:
A wide variety of correlations and mechanistic models are used in

computing the PIPESYS extension. Horizontal, inclined and vertical
flows may all be modelled. Flow regimes, liquid holdup and friction
losses can also be determined. There is considerable flexibility in the
way calculations are performed. You can:
compute the pressure profile using an arbitrarily defined

temperature profile, or compute the pressure and temperature
profiles simultaneously
given the conditions at one end, perform pressure profile
calculations either with or against the direction of flow to
determine either upstream or downstream conditions
perform iterative calculations to determine the required
upstream pressure and the downstream temperature for a
specified downstream pressure and upstream temperature
compute the flow rate corresponding to specified upstream and
downstream conditions
Users familiar with HYSYS will recognise a similar logical worksheet

and data entry format in the PIPESYS extension. Those not familiar
with HYSYS will quickly acquire the skills to run HYSYS and PIPESYS
using the tools available such as the user manuals, online help and
status bar indicators. It is recommended that all users read this manual
in order to fully understand the functioning and principles involved
when constructing a PIPESYS simulation.
1-4
Overview 1-5
1.2 How This Manual Is

Organized
This user manual is a comprehensive guide that details all the
procedures you need to work with the PIPESYS extension. To help you
learn how to use PIPESYS efficiently, this manual thoroughly describes
the views and capabilities of PIPESYS as well as outlining the
procedural steps needed for running the extension. The basics of
building a simple PIPESYS pipeline are outlined in the Quick Start (see
Chapter 4 - Elevation Profile -Quick Start). A more complex system is
then explored in the tutorial problem (see Chapter 10 - Gas-
Condensate Tutorial). Both cases are presented as a logical sequence of
steps that outline the basic procedures needed to build a PIPESYS case.
More advanced examples of PIPESYS applications are available in the
Applications binder.
This manual also outlines the relevant parameters for defining the
entire extension and its environment, as well as the smaller
components such as the pipe units and in-line facilities. Each view is
defined on a page-by-page basis to give you a complete understanding
of the data requirements for the components and the capabilities of the
extension.
The PIPESYS Users Guide does not detail HYSYS procedures and
assumes that you are familiar with the HYSYS environment and
conventions. If you require more information on working with HYSYS,
please see Volumes 1 and 2 of the HYSYS Reference Manual. Here you
will find all the information you require to set up a case and work
efficiently within the simulation environment.
1.3 Disclaimer
PIPESYS is the proprietary software developed jointly by
Neotechnology Consultants Ltd. (hereafter known as Neotec) and
Hyprotech Ltd. (hereafter known as Hyprotech).
Neither Neotec nor Hyprotech make any representations or warranties

of any kind whatsoever with respect to the contents hereof and
specifically disclaims without limitation any and all implied warranties
of merchantability of fitness for any particular purpose. Neither Neotec
nor Hyprotech will have any liability for any errors contained herein or
for any losses or damages, whether direct, indirect or consequential,
arising from the use of the software or resulting from the results
1-5
1-6 Copyright
obtained through the use of the software or any disks, documentation

or other means of utilisation supplied by Neotec or Hyprotech.
Neotec and Hyprotech reserve the right to revise this publication at any
time to make changes in the content hereof without notification to any
person of any such revision or changes.
1.4 Copyright
The software and accompanying material are copyrighted with all
rights reserved. Under copyright laws neither the manual nor the
software may be duplicated without prior consent from Hyprotech or
Neotec. This includes translating either item into another language or
format.
This program is protected by a hardware security device (Security Key).

The authors will not be held responsible for any damage to or loss of
data from the users computer if any attempts at unauthorised copying
are made.
PIPESYSTM and PIPEFLOTM are trademarks of Neotechnology

Consultants Ltd.
1.5 Acknowledgements
The authors recognise all trademarks used in the manual. These
include, but are not limited to, the following list:
MSDOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft

Corporation. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business
Machines Ltd.
Neotec and Hyprotech hereby agree to grant you a nonexclusive license

to use the software program, subject to the terms and conditions set
forth in the license agreement.
1-6
Overview 1-7
1.6 Warranty
Neotec, Hyprotech or their representatives will exchange any defective
material or program disks within 90 days of the purchase of the
product, providing that the proof of purchase is evident. All warranties
on the disks and manual, and any implied warranties, are limited to 90
days from the date of purchase. Neither Neotec, Hyprotech nor their
representatives make any warranty, implied or otherwise, with respect
to this software and manuals.
The program is intended for use by a qualified engineer. Consequently

the interpretation of the results from the program is the responsibility
of the user.
Neither Neotec nor Hyprotech shall bear any liability for the loss of
revenue or other incidental or consequential damages arising from the
use of this product.
1-7
1-8 Technical Support
1.7 Technical Support

There are several ways in which you can contact Technical Support. If
you cannot find the answer to your question in the manuals, we
encourage you to visit our website at www.hyprotech.com, where a
variety of information is available to you, including:
answers to frequently asked questions

example cases and product information
technical papers
news bulletins
hyperlink to support e-mail.
You can also access Support directly via e-mail. A listing of Technical
Support Centres including the Support e-mail address is at the end of
this chapter. When contacting us via e-mail, please include in your
message:
Your full name, company, phone and fax numbers.

The version of HYSYS you are using (shown in the Help, About
HYSYS view).
The serial number of your HYSYS security key.
A detailed description of the problem (attach a simulation case
if possible).
We also have toll free lines that you may use. When you call, please have
the same information available.
1-8
Overview.fm Page 9 Friday, February 23, 2001 9:11 AM
Overview 1-9
1.7.1 Technical Support Centres

Calgary, Canada
AEA Technology - Hyprotech Ltd. support@hyprotech.com (e-mail)
Suite 800, 707 - 8th Avenue SW (403) 520-6181 (local - technical support)
Calgary, Alberta 1-888-757-7836 (toll free - technical support)
T2P 1H5 (403) 520-6601 (fax - technical support)
1-800-661-8696 (information and sales)
Barcelona, Spain (Rest of Europe)

AEA Technology - Hyprotech Ltd. support@hyprotech.com (e-mail)
Hyprotech Europe S.L. +34 93 724 424 (technical support)
Pg. de Grcia 56, 4th floor 900 161 900 (toll free - technical support - Spain only)
E-08007 Barcelona, Spain +34 93 154 256 (fax - technical support)
+34 93 156 884 (information and sales)
Oxford, UK (UK clients only)

AEA Technology Engineering Software support@hyprotech.com (e-mail)
Hyprotech 0800 731 7643 (freephone technical support)
404 Harwell, Didcot +44 1235 43 4351 (fax - technical support)
Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA +44 1235 43 4852 (information and
United Kingdom sales)
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

AEA Technology - Hyprotech Ltd.
Hyprotech Ltd., Malaysia
Lot E-3-3a, Dataran Palma support@hyprotech.com (e-mail)
Jalan Selaman , Jalan Ampang +60 3 4270 3880 (technical support)
68000 Ampang, Selangor +60 3 4271 3811 (fax - technical support)
Malaysia +60 3 4270 3880 (information and sales)
Yokohama, Japan
AEA Technology - Hyprotech Ltd.
AEA Hyprotech KK
Plus Taria Bldg. 6F.
3-1-4, Shin-Yokohama
Kohoku-ku support@hyprotech.com (e-mail)
Yokohama, Japan 81 45 476 5051 (technical support)
222-0033 81 45 476 5051 (information and sales)
1-9
Overview.fm Page 10 Friday, February 23, 2001 9:11 AM
1.7.2 Offices
Calgary, Canada Yokohama, Japan
Tel: (403) 520-6000 Tel: 81 45 476 5051
Fax: (403) 520-6040/60 Fax: 81 45 476 3055
Toll Free: 1-800-661-8696
Newark, DE, USA Houston, TX, USA

Tel: (302) 369-0773 Tel: (713) 339-9600
Fax: (302) 369-0877 Fax: (713) 339-9601
Toll Free: 1-800-688-3430 Toll Free: 1-800-475-0011
Oxford, UK Barcelona, Spain

Tel: +44 1235 43 5555 Tel: +34 932 724 424
Fax: +44 1235 43 4294 Fax: +34 932 154 256
Oudenaarde, Belgium Dsseldorf, Germany

Tel: +32 55 310 299 Tel: +49 211 577933 0
Fax: +32 55 302 030 Fax: +49 211 577933 11
Hovik, Norway Cairo, Egypt

Tel: +47 67 10 6464 Tel: +20 2 720 0824
Fax: +47 67 10 6465 Fax: +20 2 702 0289
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Seoul, Korea

Tel: +60 3 4270 3880 Tel: 82 2 3453 3144 5
Fax: +60 3 4270 3811 Fax: 82 2 3453 9772
1-10
Overview 1-11
1.7.3 Agents
International Innotech, Inc. Tel: (281) 492-2774
Katy, USA Fax: (281) 492-8144
International Innotech, Inc. Tel: 86 10 6499 3956
Beijing, China Fax: 86 10 6499 3957
International Innotech Tel: 886 2 809 6704
Taipei, Taiwan Fax: 886 2 809 3095
KBTECH Ltda. Tel: 57 1 258 44 50
Bogota, Colombia Fax: 57 1 258 44 50
KLG Systel Tel: 91 124 346962
New Delhi, India Fax: 91 124 346355
Logichem Process Tel: 27 11 465 3800
Johannesburg, South Africa Fax: 27 11 465 4548
Process Solutions Pty. Ltd. Tel: 61 7 544 81 355
Peregian, Australia Fax: 61 7 544 81 644
Protech Engineering Tel: +421 7 4488 8286
Bratislava, Slovak Republic Fax: +421 7 4488 8286
PT. Danan Wingus Sakti Tel: 62 21 567 4573 75/62 21 567 4508
Jakarta, Indonesia 10
Fax: 62 21 567 4507/62 21 568 3081
Ranchero Services (Thailand)
Co. Ltd. Tel: 66 2 381 1020
Bangkok, Thailand Fax: 66 2 381 1209
S.C. Chempetrol Service srl Tel: +401 330 0125
Bucharest, Romania Fax: +401 311 3463
Soteica De Mexico Tel: 52 5 546 5440
Mexico D.F., Mexico Fax: 52 5 535 6610
Soteica Do Brasil Tel: 55 11 533 2381
Sao Paulo, Brazil Fax: 55 11 556 10746
Soteica S.R.L. Tel: 54 11 4555 5703
Buenos Aires, Argentina Fax: 54 11 4551 0751
Soteiven C.A. Tel: 58 2 264 1873
Caracas, Venezuela Fax: 58 2 265 9509
ZAO Techneftechim Tel: +7 095 202 4370
Moscow, Russia Fax: +7 095 202 4370
Internet
Website: www.hyprotech.com
E-mail: info@hyprotech.com
1-11
1-12
Installation 2-1
2 Installation
2.1 System Requirements.................................................................................. 3
2.2 Software Requirements ............................................................................... 3
2.3 Installing PIPESYS ....................................................................................... 4

2.3.1 PIPESYS Extension Installation............................................................... 4
2.3.2 Starting PIPESYS .................................................................................... 5
2-1
2-2
2-2
Installation 2-3
2.1 System Requirements

PIPESYS has the following fundamental system requirements.
System Component Requirement

Operating System Microsoft Windows 2000/NT 4.0/98/95
Disk Space Approximately 6 MB of free disk space is required.
The green security key is used with the standalone
version of HYSYS and can only be attached to a serial
Serial Port communications port of the computer running the
application (do not plug in a serial mouse behind the
security key).
SLM keys are white Sentinel SuperPro keys,
manufactured by Rainbow Technologies. The
Computer ID key is installed on the parallel port
Parallel Port (printer port) of your computer. An arrow indicates
which end should be plugged into the computer. This
is the new key that is used for both Standalone and
Network versions of HYSYS.
Minimum usable: SVGA (800x600).
Monitor/Video
Recommended: SVGA (1024x768).
Required. Note that a mouse cannot be plugged into
Mouse the back of the green serial port key used with the
"standalone" version of HYSYS.
2.2 Software
Requirements
The PIPESYS Extension runs as a plug-in to HYSYS. That is, it is uses the
HYSYS interface and property packages to build a simulation and is
accessed in the same manner as a HYSYS unit operation. Therefore, to
run PIPESYS you are required to have HYSYS - Version 1.2 or higher.
Note, you will not be able to use PIPESYS without the proper
HYSYS and PIPESYS licenses. You can refer to Chapter 4 - Software
Licensing of the HYSYS Get Started Manual for information on
licenses.
2-3
2-4 Installing PIPESYS
2.3 Installing PIPESYS
2.3.1 PIPESYS Extension

Installation
The following instructions relate to installing PIPESYS as an extension
to HYSYS. HYSYS must be installed prior to installing the PIPESYS
Extension.
1. Shut down all other operating Windows programs on the computer

before starting the installation process.
2. Insert the HYSYS software CD into the CD-ROM drive of the
For instructions on installing
computer.
HYSYS refer to Section 3.2 -
Installing HYSYS of the
HYSYS Get Started Manual. Note that for computers which have the CD-ROM Autorun
feature enabled, steps #3 and #4 will be automatically
performed.
3. From the Start Menu, select Run

4. In the Run dialog box, type: d:\setup.exe and click on the OK
button (where d: corresponds to the drive letter of the CD-ROM
drive).
5. Select PIPESYS from the following view to start the installation.
Figure 2.1
6. The first dialog that appears welcomes you to the installation

program and displays the name of the application you are trying to
install. If all of the information is correct click the Next button.
7. The following dialog provides information regarding Hyprotechs
new software security system. Please read the information
presented on this screen it is important. Click the Next button to
continue.
2-4
Installation 2-5
8. Specify a destination folder where the setup will install the

PIPESYS files. If you do not wish to install the application in the
default directory use the Browse button to specify the new path.
When the information is correct click the Next button.
9. The installation program will then allow you to review the
information that you have provided. If all of the information is
correct click the Next button. HYSYS will then begin installing files
to your computer.
10. Once the all the files have been transfered to their proper locations
the installtion program will register the PIPESYS extension with
HYSYS. Once the extension is successfully registered click OK to
continue.
Figure 2.2
11. Click FInish to complete the installation.
2.3.2 Starting PIPESYS

You can work with PIPESYS only as it exists as part of a HYSYS case.
For additional information on
the properties of HYSYS Unit Extensions that are part of an existing case may be accessed upon
Operations, refer to the HYSYS entering HYSYS Main Simulation Environment. Here you can view
Steady State Modelling and manipulate them as you would any HYSYS unit operation.
Manual.
Before creating a new PIPESYS Extension you are required to be
working within a HYSYS case that has as a minimum a Fluid Package,
consisting of a property package and components. New PIPESYS
Extensions are added within the Main Simulation Environment from
the UnitOps view, which lists all the available Unit Operations.
2-5
2-6 Installing PIPESYS
Figure 2.3
To create a new PIPESYS Extension, highlight PIPESYS Extension in the

list of Available Unit Operations as shown above. Click the Add button
and a new PIPESYS Extension will become appear on the screen.
The initial PIPESYS view is the Connections Page and it is shown in

Figure 2.4.
Figure 2.4
To view any other pages of the PIPESYS view, simply click on the tab of
the desired page and the view will switch to the selected page.
2-6
The PIPESYS View 3-1
3 The PIPESYS View
3.1 PIPESYS Features ........................................................................................ 3
3.2 Adding PIPESYS........................................................................................... 4
3.3 PIPESYS User Interface ............................................................................... 8
3.4 The Main PIPESYS View .............................................................................. 9

3.4.1 Connections Tab .................................................................................... 10
3.4.2 Worksheet Tab ........................................................................................11
3.4.3 Methods Tab ...........................................................................................11
3.4.4 Elevation Profile Tab .............................................................................. 13
3.4.5 Stepsize Tab .......................................................................................... 18
3.4.6 Cooldown Tab ........................................................................................ 20
3.4.7 Temperature Profile Tab ......................................................................... 23
3.4.8 Results Tab ............................................................................................ 25
3.4.9 Messages Tab ........................................................................................ 28
3-1
3-2
3-2
The PIPESYS Extension is a pipeline hydraulics software package used

to simulate pipeline systems within the HYSYS framework. The
PIPESYS Flowsheet functions in the same manner as any HYSYS unit
operation or application in terms of its layout and data entry methods.
The view consists of 10 worksheet tabs that may be accessed through
the tabs. At the bottom of each worksheet is a status bar which guides
data entry and indicates required information, as well as indicating the
status of the PIPESYS simulation once the calculation has been
initialized. You define the pipeline by entering pipe units and in-line
facilities and specifying their length and elevation gain. By using several
pipe segments, you can create a pipeline which traverses a
topographically varied terrain.
PIPESYS has a comprehensive suite of methods and correlations for

modelling single and multiphase flow in pipes and is capable of
accurately simulating a wide range of conditions and situations. You
have the option of using the default correlations for the PIPESYS
calculations, or specifying your own set from the list of available
methods for each parameter.
PIPESYS is fully compatible with all of the gas, liquid and gas/liquid
Fluid Packages in HYSYS. You may combine PIPESYS and HYSYS
objects in any configuration during the construction of a HYSYS
Flowsheet. PIPESYS objects may be inserted at any point in the
Flowsheet where single or multiphase pipe flow effects must be
accounted for in the process simulation.
3.1 PIPESYS Features

The PIPESYS extension is functionally equivalent to a HYSYS Flowsheet
Operation. It is installed in a Flowsheet and connected to Material and
Energy streams. All PIPESYS extension properties are accessed and
changed through a set of property views that are simple and convenient
to use. Chief among these, and the starting point for the definition of a
PIPESYS Operation, is the Main PIPESYS View:
Main PIPESYS View - Used to define the elevation profile, add

pipeline units, specify Material and Energy streams, choose
calculation methods and check results.
The PIPESYS extension includes these pipeline units, each of which is

accessible through a property view:
Pipe - The basic pipeline component used to model a straight

section of pipe and its physical characteristics.
Compressor - Boosts the gas pressure in a pipeline.
3-3
3-4 Adding PIPESYS
Pump - Boosts the liquid pressure in a pipeline.

Heater - Adds heat to the flowing fluid(s).
Cooler - Removes heat from the flowing fluid(s).
Unit X - A black box component that allows you to impose
arbitrary changes in pressure and temperature on the flowing
fluid(s).
Regulator - Reduces the flowing pressure to an arbitrary
value.
Fittings - Used to account for the effect of fittings such as tees,
valves and elbows on the flowing system.
Pigging Slug Size Check - An approximate procedure for
estimating the size of pigging slugs.
Severe Slugging Check - A tool for estimating whether or not
severe slugging should be expected.
Erosion Velocity Check - Checks fluid velocities to estimate
whether or not erosion effects are likely to be significant.
3.2 Adding PIPESYS

Adding a PIPESYS Extension to a HYSYS
Case
Carry out the following steps to add a PIPESYS Operation to a HYSYS
Case:
For further details on creating 1. Your first task is to create a HYSYS Case suitable for the addition of
a HYSYS case, refer to the the PIPESYS Extension. As a minimum, you must create a Case
HYSYS Reference Manual 1, with a Fluid Package, two Material Streams and an Energy Stream.
Section 1.3 - Starting a
Simulation. 2. With the Case open, click on the Flowsheet command from the
Menu Bar and click Add UnitOp. Select the Extensions radio
button and choose the PIPESYS Extension from the Available Unit
Operations group box on the UnitOps view. The Main PIPESYS
View will open and be ready for input.
Figure 3.1
3-4
3. Select Material Streams from the Inlet and Outlet drop down lists
on the Connections tab of the PIPESYS view. Select an Energy
Stream from the Energy drop down list. If you have not yet installed
these streams in the Case, they can be created by directly entering
their names on the Connections tab. To define the stream
conditions, right click on the name and select View.
A gas-condensate system is a 4. Open the Methods tab. Decide on the most appropriate
good example of a gas-based description of your fluid system; gas-based with liquid or liquid-
with liquid system because based with gas. Your choice is not determined so much by the
while liquid is often present,
only the gas component is relative amounts of gas and liquid as it is by the phase that is
present under all conditions. present under all conditions of temperature and pressure in the
pipeline. Select the radio button in the Recommended Procedures
group box that corresponds to the best description of your system.
If the system is determined to be single phase in the course of
finding a solution, all multiphase options will be ignored.
Figure 3.2
In the Fluid Temperature Options group box, select either

Calculate Profile or Specify Temperature. If the former is selected,
the program will perform simultaneous pressure and temperature
calculations, if the latter, the temperature of the fluid will be fixed
according to values which you enter on the Temperature Profile
tab and only pressure calculations will be performed.
5. Define the sequence of pipeline units that make up your system on
the Elevation Profile tab. You should start by entering values into
the Distance and Elevation input cells in the Pipeline Origin group
box; these define the position of the beginning of the pipeline,
where the inlet stream is attached.
3-5
3-6 Adding PIPESYS
Figure 3.3
Starting with the nearest upstream unit, enter each pipeline unit by
selecting the <empty> cell in the Pipeline Unit column and
choosing a unit type from the drop-down list on the Edit Bar
.
Figure 3.4
To insert the unit at an intermediate position rather than adding it

to the end of the list, select the unit which will be immediately
downstream of the new unit. Choose the unit type from the Edit
Bar and the new unit will be inserted in the list, before the unit that
you previously selected. A Property View for the unit will appear.
You should enter all required data for the unit into this Property
View before proceeding.
3-6
Figure 3.5
If you have added a Pipe Unit to the pipeline, you will need to
define the position of the downstream end of the pipe using the
Distance, Elevation, Run, Rise, Length and Angle parameters. Any
two of these parameters are sufficient to fix the position of the end
of the pipe. However, if you use Length and one of Run or Distance
to define the pipe end position, the program is unable to resolve the
resulting ambiguity associated with the Angle parameter and
assumes that this value should be positive. If in fact the Angle is
negative, make a note of the Angle magnitude, delete one of the
Length, Distance or Run values and enter the negative of the Angle
magnitude into the Angle input cell.
6. The Stepsize tab displays optimizing parameters used in PIPESYS
algorithms. For a first-time solution of your system it is
recommended that the Program Defaults radio button be selected.
For most systems, the default values will provide near-optimal
convergence and solution times.
3-7
3-8 PIPESYS User Interface
7. Open the Temperature Profile tab. Here you can choose to specify
a predetermined set of fluid temperatures for your system, as
might be available from field data or if the systems sensitivity to
temperature is being examined. Alternatively, you can request that
the program calculate the heat transfer from the fluid to the
surroundings. Select either Calculate profile or Specify
temperatures in the Fluid Temperature group box.
Figure 3.6
This group box is also
available on the Methods tab.
If you choose to specify temperatures, you must enter at least one

temperature value at the Pipeline Origin. The program will use the
temperature values that you do enter to fill in interpolated
temperature values at each of the elevation profile points that you
leave empty.
Following these steps allows you to complete the PIPESYS extension.

Once the calculations are complete, as displayed by the Object Status
bar, the Results tab will display temperature and pressure data for the
pipeline and you are then able to print summary or detailed reports.
The Messages tab reports any special problems or conditions
encountered in the course of the calculations.
3.3 PIPESYS User

Interface
The PIPESYS user interface is completely integrated into the HYSYS
environment and conforms to all HYSYS usage conventions for
operations and data entry. If you are an experienced user of HYSYS, you
will already be familiar with all of the features of the PIPESYS user
interface. If you are a new user, you should begin by studying the
HYSYS Reference Manuals, since you will need to learn more about
HYSYS before you can use the PIPESYS extension.
The PIPESYS user interface consists of an assortment of property views.

PIPESYS Pipeline Units, of which there are many types including pipe
units, pumps and compressors, are all accessible as property views. In
this Users Manual, PIPESYS property views are referred to individually
by the type of component they reference, so you will encounter the
terms Compressor View, Heater View, Fittings View etc.
3-8
Like all HYSYS property views, PIPESYS property views allow access to
all of the information associated with a particular item. Each view has a
number of tabs and on each tab are groups of related parameters. For
example, on the Dimensions tab of the Pipe Unit View (See Figure 3.7)
the physical characteristics of the Pipe Unit, such as wall thickness,
material type and roughness can be specified.
Figure 3.7
3.4 The Main PIPESYS

View
The Main PIPESYS View is the first view that appears when adding a
PIPESYS operation to a HYSYS Flowsheet. This view provides you with a
place to enter the data that defines the basic characteristics of a
PIPESYS operation. Here you can specify pipeline units, elevation
profile data, calculation procedures, tolerances and all other
parameters common to the PIPESYS operation as a whole.
3-9
3-10 The Main PIPESYS View
Figure 3.8
The Main PIPESYS View is the starting point for the definition of any
PIPESYS operation. When you select Flowsheet/Add Operation... from
the Menu Bar and then choose PIPESYS extension, the Main PIPESYS
View will appear and be ready to accept input. You must then select
each of the tabs on the Main PIPESYS View and complete them as
required.
3.4.1 Connections Tab

This tab is used to define the connections between the HYSYS
simulation case and the PIPESYS operation. The inlet, outlet and
energy streams are specified here using the Inlet, Outlet and Energy
drop down input cells. You may also choose a name for the operation
and enter this in the Name input cell. The Ignore this UnitOp During
Calculations check box can be selected if you wish to disable the
concurrent calculation of intermediate results during data entry. This
setting is recommended if you have a slow computer and data
processing is slowing down the entry process or if you wish to delay the
calculations until you have entered all of your data.
3-10
3.4.2 Worksheet Tab

This tab allows you to directly edit the Material and Energy Streams
that are attached to the PIPESYS operation without having to open their
Property Views.
Figure 3.9
3.4.3 Methods Tab

Many correlations and models have been developed by researchers to
perform multiphase flow calculations. PIPESYS makes many of them
available to you on the Methods tab. Completion of this tab can be a
simple matter of selecting one of the two fluid system classifications
and allowing PIPESYS to automatically choose the calculation
methods. Alternatively, if you are familiar with multiphase flow
technology, you are able to specify which methods should be used.
3-11
Figure 3.10
Examples of gas-based Effective use of the settings on this tab requires you to correctly classify
systems include dry gas, gas- the fluid system as being either gas-based with liquid or liquid-based
condensate and gas water
systems. with gas. A gas-based system has a gas phase that is present under all
conditions and there may or may not be a liquid phase. Conversely, a
Examples of liquid-based liquid-based system has a predominant liquid component. The liquid
systems include hydrocarbon
component will be present under all conditions and the gas phase may
liquid, crude oil and oil-gas
systems. or may not be present. If the software detects that only a single-phase is
present in the stream (i.e. pure water, dry gas), all multiphase options
are ignored and pressure loss is computed using the Fanning equation.
If the vertical or horizontal orientation of a pipeline unit is such that

you have a preference for a particular calculation method, you are able
to select it on this tab. For instance, if the prediction of liquid hold-up
in a pipeline is a particular concern, you can manually select OLGAS to
perform this calculation instead of using the default method. However,
it is not advised to change the default settings unless you have reason to
believe that a different calculation method will yield more accurate
results. Generally, the safest procedure will be to use radio buttons in
the Recommended Procedures group box to select either Gas-based
with liquid or Liquid-based with gas, whichever classification best
describes the system under consideration. PIPESYS will then set all of
the selections for the various types of flows to those methods that will
give the most consistent results.
3-12
In the Fluid Temperature Options group box, select either Calculate

Profile or Specify Temperature. If the former is selected, the program
will perform simultaneous pressure and temperature calculations. If
the latter, the temperature of the fluid will be fixed according to values
which you enter on the Temperature Profile tab and only pressure
calculations will be performed.
PIPESYS attempts to protect against improper usage of calculation

methods. Certain combinations of methods are disallowed if there are
incompatibilities and PIPESYS will display a warning message if such a
combination is selected. However, there are many situations where a
number of methods are valid but where some of these will give more
accurate results than others for a given case. Some methods tend to
give consistently better results than others for particular fluid systems.
PIPESYS has been designed to default to such methods for these cases.
3.4.4 Elevation Profile Tab

The Pipeline Origin defines On this tab, the components and geometry of the pipeline system are
the point at which the inlet defined. A starting point for the profile must be specified at the top of
stream connects with the
PIPESYS extension. the tab in the Pipeline Origin group box, using the Distance and
Elevation input cells. The starting point for the profile can have
negative, zero, or positive distance and elevation values, but the
position represented by these values must correspond to the point
connected to the inlet stream of the PIPESYS extension.
Figure 3.11
3-13
When defining the geometry of the pipeline, you must be aware of the
distinction between the two types of components. The set of pipeline
components in PIPESYS collectively known as Pipeline Units includes
both Pipe Units, which are straight sections of pipe, and In-line
Facilities, which are pieces of equipment such as compressors, pumps,
fittings and regulators. Pipe Units have a starting point and an ending
point and occupy the intervening space but in-line facilities are
considered to occupy only a single point in the pipeline.
When a Pipe Unit is added to the pipeline, the data required to fix the
position of its starting point and its ending point must be specified. The
starting point of the Pipe Unit is generally already determined, since
the Pipe Unit is attached to the previous unit in the pipeline. All that
remains is to enter the data that PIPESYS needs to fix the end point,
which can be done in a number of ways. You can fill in the Distance and
Elevation cells, which define the end point of the Pipe Unit relative to
the Pipeline Origin. Alternatively, you can use some combination of the
Run, Rise, Length and Angle values to fix the end point relative to the
Pipe Units starting point. For instance, you could enter a value of -10o
in the Angle cell and 300 ft in the Run cell to fix the end point as being at
a horizontal distance of 300 ft from the starting point and lying on a
downward slope of 10o.
Figure 3.12
The first three segments of a

pipeline elevation profile and
the parameters that are used
to define its geometry.
If you enter values into Length and one of Distance or Run, the PIPESYS
assumes that Angle is positive. If Angle is actually negative, record the
calculated Angle or Rise value, delete the contents of the Length cell
and enter the negative of the recorded Angle or Rise value into the
respective cell.
3-14
The Elevation Profile parameters used to define Pipe Unit endpoints

are defined as follows:
Distance - The horizontal position of the endpoint of the Pipe

Unit, using the Pipeline Origin as the reference point.
Elevation - The vertical position of the endpoint of the Pipe
Unit, using the Pipeline Origin as the reference point.
Run - The horizontal component of the displacement between
the starting point and the ending point of a Pipe Unit.
Rise - The vertical component of the displacement between
the starting point and the ending point of a Pipe Unit.
Length - The actual length of the Pipe Unit, measured directly
between the starting point and the ending point.
Angle - The angle formed between the Pipe Unit and the
horizontal plane. This value will be negative for downward
sloping Pipe Units and positive for upward sloping Pipe Units.
Adding an in-line facility to the pipeline is simpler because a single

point is sufficient to fix its location. In most cases, you will not have to
supply any location data because the position of the in-line facility will
be determined by the endpoint of the previous Pipeline Unit.
Entering the Elevation Profile

The elevation profile matrix on this tab provides a place for you to enter
Enter the Pipeline Units into the sequence of Pipeline Units and the data that defines the geometry
the Elevation Profile in the
order that they appear in the of the profile. You must enter the Pipeline Units in the order in which
flow stream. they appear in the flow stream, so that the first entry is the unit
connected to the inlet stream and the last entry is the unit connected to
the outlet stream. A Pipeline Unit can be entered as follows;
1. Select the cell with <empty> in it to place the new unit at the end of
the sequence. To place the new unit at some other point in the
sequence, select the unit that you want the new unit to precede.
2. From the drop down list on the Edit Bar, select the Pipeline Unit of
the type that you want to add to the sequence. A new unit will be
immediately added to or inserted in the matrix.
3. Now complete the location data if you have entered a Pipe Unit.
You will have to define at most two of the Distance, Elevation, Run,
Rise, Length or Angle quantities. The remaining cells will be filled
in automatically once PIPESYS has enough information to
complete the specification. For instance, entering the Distance
and Elevation data will result in the Run, Rise, Length and Angle
cells being filled in since all of these quantities can be calculated
from a knowledge of the start and end points of the Pipe Unit. If
3-15
you are entering an in-line facility, the location will be filled in

automatically as the program will obtain this data from the
previous Pipeline Unit.
4. Optionally, provide PIPESYS with a Label entry. This is used by the
PIPESYS program to uniquely identify each Pipeline Unit during
calculations and for displaying error messages for a particular unit.
The program will automatically generate a default label but you
may change this if you wish. There is no restriction on the number
of characters used for this label except that you may wish to use
only as many as are visible at once in the cell.
The entire pipeline from the inlet to the outlet is thus described as a
connected sequence of Pipeline Units. Some of these units can be pipe
segments of constant slope, called Pipe Units, while others can be in-
line facilities, such as compressors, pumps, heaters and fittings.
Figure 3.13
To make data entry easier for successive units, especially when most of
the properties remain unchanged from unit to unit, make use of the
Cut and Paste or the Copy and Paste functions. These buttons will copy
the contents of the current Pipeline Unit to memory so that all the data
they contain (i.e. pipe diameter for the Pipe Unit) can then be copied to
a new Pipeline Unit. The Cut operation will copy data to memory
before removing the unit, whereas the copy function will make a copy
and preserve the original unit. The Paste operation will create a new
Pipeline Unit at the cursor position. As explained above, if this is a Pipe
Unit, it will then be necessary to enter any two of distance, elevation,
run, rise, length or angle.
3-16
The Global Change button allows you to change the parameters for
several or all of the Pipe Units in the Elevation Profile. This feature has
been implemented in PIPESYS as a time saving mechanism so that if
the same information is required for several Pipe Units, you do not
need to open the Property Views for each individual Pipe Unit and to
change the data. A global change operation simultaneously accesses
any or all of the Pipe Units in the elevation profile and can change a
selection of parameters.
For example, having made a pressure drop calculation for a 4 pipeline,

you may want to repeat the calculation for the same pipeline using 6"
pipe. Using the Global Change feature, you could in a single procedure
change the pipe diameters from 4" to 6" for all Pipe Units.
The Global Change feature can be used to edit the Property View
parameters for a single Pipe Unit and to subsequently duplicate the
edits for none, some or all of the other Pipe Units in the pipeline, in a
single sequence of operations. Any Pipe Unit can be used as a data
template for changing the other Pipe Units in the pipeline.
To implement a global parameter change for some or all of the Pipe

Units in the elevation profile, select any one of the Pipe Units in the
elevation profile matrix and press the Global Change button. The
Global Change Property View will appear. This Property View is
identical to the Pipe Unit Property View except that it has check boxes
beside each of the major data types on each of its tabs.
Figure 3.14
3-17
These check boxes have two functions:
1. they become checked automatically when you change a parameter

to remind you that a particular parameter has been selected for a
global change, and
2. you can check them manually to indicate to the program that a
particular parameter will be copied to other Pipe Units using the
Global Change feature.
Request a Global Change for a particular parameter by entering the

new parameter values into the input cells. Once you have entered all
the changes that you want to make, press the Apply button and the
Global Change dialog box will appear with a list of all the Pipe Units in
the profile. Select the Pipe Units in the list that will be included in the
For more information on
making global changes, see global change and press the OK button. The program will then make
Chapter 6 - Global Change the specified parameter the changes to all of the Pipe Unit parameters
Feature. that were checked.
3.4.5 Stepsize Tab

PIPESYS computes the change in pressure due to friction, hydrostatic
head and kinetic energy and the change in temperature for the flowing
fluid(s). These calculations are dependent on the physical
characteristics and orientation of the pipe and its surroundings. They
are also dependent on the fluid properties (i.e. density, viscosity,
enthalpy, phase behaviour, etc.). Since these properties change with
pressure and temperature, it is necessary to choose some interval over
which the average properties can be applied to the calculations (i.e. a
calculation length, or step, sufficiently small for property changes to be
nearly linear).
3-18
Figure 3.15
To safeguard against a step size that is too large, PIPESYS has input cells
containing the Maximum dP per step or Maximum dT per step. If this
pressure change (dP) or temperature change (dT) is exceeded on any
calculation, the step size is halved and the calculations repeated. An
arbitrarily small step size could perhaps be chosen by the software to
meet these criteria, but this could result in greatly increased run time
with no corresponding increase in accuracy. Defaults are provided for
these parameters and you will rarely be required to change them.
There may be cases where you wish to enter your own stepsize values.
For this reason, you will find cells on this tab where you can not only
specify an initial step size, but where you can also enter maximum and
minimum allowed pressure and temperature changes. Checking the
Stepsize Optimizer check box then requests that PIPESYS determine
the stepsize such that the pressure/temperature changes fall within the
specified maximum and minimum. As well, a minimum and maximum
stepsize can be entered to constrain the optimizer.
Since the relationship between fluid properties and pressure/

temperature change is implicit, PIPESYS performs an iterative
calculation of pressure and temperature change at each of the steps
mentioned above. Initial guesses for the change in pressure,
temperature or enthalpy can be specified or left as program defaults.
For multiple component multiphase systems, iterations converge on
3-19
pressure and temperature. For single component multiphase systems,

or systems which behave in a similar way, iterations converge on
pressure and enthalpy. Pressure, temperature and enthalpy
convergence can be controlled by your input for convergence
tolerance. If PIPESYS encounters difficulty in converging to a solution,
perhaps due to unusual fluid property behaviour, you should try to
repeat the calculation with the Force Enthalpy Convergence check box
selected. This approach requires more computer time, but may
succeed where the temperature convergence fails.
The Minimum Allowed Pressure in the cell at the bottom left controls
the point at which PIPESYS will terminate the calculations due to
insufficient pressure. The program default is one atmosphere.
When the case is such that PIPESYS is required to compute pressure at

the inlet of the pipeline given a fixed downstream pressure, an iterative
procedure is performed over the entire pipeline. Calculations proceed
until the calculated downstream pressure converges to the fixed
downstream pressure within some tolerance, specifically the
Downstream Pressure Convergence Tolerance.
3.4.6 Cooldown Tab

In pipelines that are used to transport a relatively high pour point crude
oil, or a gas system that is subject to hydrate formation, it is usually
necessary to maintain a minimum flowing temperature to avoid
excessive pressure losses or even line blockage. Such pipelines are often
insulated and may have one or more heaters.
When one of these pipelines is shutdown for an extended period of

time, it must generally be flushed or vented to remove the hydrocarbon
fluid, since the temperature in the system will eventually come to
equilibrium with the surroundings. Apart from the time and effort
involved in this operation, the subsequent re-starting of the pipeline is
more complicated after it has been purged than if it could be simply be
left filled with the original hydrocarbon fluid.
In the case of an emergency shut down, however, it may be possible to

carry out whatever remedial action is required before the temperature
reaches the minimum allowable value. In such cases, the line can be re-
started much easier than if it has been purged and it is thus of interest
to be able to predict, with reasonable accuracy, how long the fluid will
take to cool down to any particular temperature.
3-20
This is, of course, a complex transient heat transfer problem (especially

for multiphase fluid systems) and a rigorous solution is generally not
possible. The cooldown calculations in PIPESYS should however
provide approximate answers that should be capable of reasonable
accuracy in many cases of interest.
Figure 3.16
The option to do cooldown calculations can be enabled on the

Cooldown tab of the PIPESYS Extensions Main View when the flowing
fluid temperature profile is calculated. There are two fluid temperature
cooldown options that you may choose from.
Temperature profiles computed at specified times after

shutdown
Profile of time to reach a specified temperature after shutdown
For both of the above options, the calculations can be based on one of
two options.
Heat content of the pipeline fluid only (Computed or specified

inside film heat transfer coefficient)
Heat content of both the fluid and pipe material (Ignoring the
inside film heat transfer coefficient).
For calculations are based on the heat content of the pipeline fluid only
(computed or specified inside film heat transfer coefficient) the fluid
thermal conductivity, inside film coefficient or overall heat transfer
coefficient can either be specified or computed by the program. If the
3-21
overall heat transfer coefficient is specified the option to specify the

inside film heat transfer coefficient no longer exists.
For calculations based on the heat content of both the fluid and pipe
material (ignoring the inside film heat transfer coefficient) the overall
heat transfer coefficient can either be specified or computed by the
program. Both the heat capacity of the pipe material and the density of
the pipe material must be specified and defaults are available for these
parameters.
Both of the calculations, based on either the heat content of the

pipeline fluid only or the heat content of both the fluid and pipe
material, allow the fluid thermal conductivity to be specified or
calculated at all times (unless the overall heat transfer coefficient is
specified). The fluid thermal conductivity can be calculated based on
the liquid, gas or blended thermal conductivities. By default the
calculations use the liquid thermal conductivity as this presents the
most conservative results for both calculated times and temperatures.
As a note, the fluid thermal conductivity is not used by the calculations
when the inside film heat transfer coefficient is specified unless a Pipe
Unit has its overall heat transfer coefficient specified.
The option to compute temperature profiles at specified times after

shutdown requires that the:
maximum
first
second
and third intermediate times since shutdown be entered.
The intermediate times must be in increasing order and less than the
maximum time. Defaults are available for these times whereby the first,
second and third intermediate times are set to be one quarter, one half
and three quarters of the maximum time since shutdown respectively.
The profile of time required to reach a specified temperature after

shutdown requires that the minimum cooldown temperature be
entered.
Both of the options available for the cooldown calculations require the
calculation time step to be entered. A default value of ten minutes is
provided as a reasonable value for this parameter.
3-22
3.4.7 Temperature Profile Tab

This tab allows you to select one of two options for handling fluid
temperature effects in the pipeline. The Fluid Temperature group box
in the top left corner is also located on the Methods tab and it is
included here only as a matter of convenience, should you wish to
change your initial selection.
To compute the pipeline pressure profile, PIPESYS must know the fluid
property behaviour, and must therefore know the temperature of the
fluids at every calculation point in the pipeline. You can enter the
temperature directly if known, or if you are testing the sensitivity of the
pipeline to temperature effects.
Figure 3.17
Alternatively, you can request detailed heat transfer calculations. Pipe

surroundings and heat transfer parameters are entered in each Pipe
Unit View while creating the pipeline elevation profile. The
surroundings type for each Pipe Unit is displayed here as an overview of
the system for verification purposes. If you choose to switch from a
specified temperature profile to a calculated profile, note that the Pipe
Units will have to be updated with data for heat transfer calculations
not previously required. In this case, PIPESYS will warn you of missing
data when calculations are attempted. Reasonable default values will
be made available for unknown data.
3-23
To enter temperatures directly, select the Specify Temperatures radio

button. The matrix will display the profile previously entered on the
Elevation Profile tab. In the Fluid Temperature column, you can enter
the flowing temperature at the end of each Pipe Unit. You must enter at
least one flowing temperature at the start of the pipeline and this value
is entered in the Fluid Temperature input cell in the Pipeline Origin
group box. All other temperatures are entered in the Fluid Temperature
To enter the pipeline fluid
temperatures directly, select column of the appropriate Pipe Unit. For any cells that are empty
the Specify Temperatures between specified temperatures, PIPESYS will interpolate linearly the
radio button in the Fluid flowing temperatures (enter only one more fluid temperature in the last
Temperature group box.
cell of the profile to automatically create a linear profile). For any cells
that are empty after the last entered temperature, PIPESYS will assume
the flowing temperature to be isothermal and will fill in the cells with a
constant temperature equal to the last entered temperature. You can
easily overwrite a cell with your own value anywhere the software has
filled in a temperature for you.
Figure 3.18
PIPESYS calculates the fluid temperature when the Calculate Profile

button in the Fluid Temperature group box is selected. Much like the
specified temperatures, you must enter at least one temperature value
of the surroundings into the Ambient Temperature input cell in the
Pipeline Origin group box. Any other values can be entered in the
Ambient T column corresponding to the surroundings temperature at
the end of a pipe segment. For any empty cells between the origin and a
Pipe unit with a surroundings temperature, PIPESYS will interpolate
linearly and fill them in with calculated values. Any other cells that are
empty will be filled with the last entered temperature. As with the
specified temperatures, you can overwrite any of the filled-in ambient
temperature cells.
3-24
3.4.8 Results Tab

Calculation results at the endpoint of each pipeline unit are
summarized on the screen in columns of Pressure, Temperature,
Pressure Change and Temperature Change. The length and label as
entered in the Elevation Profile tab are also displayed.
Figure 3.19
The Results tab also features the Detail button, the Report button, and
the Plot button. These buttons give you the capability to view your data
and results in a number of formats.
If you want to see results in greater detail than are displayed on the
Results tab matrix, press the Detail button. This will bring up the Pipe
Segment Results dialogue box that displays detailed results for each
calculation step. The pipe segment for each step is controlled according
to the parameters on the Step Size tab. For each of these the Pipe
Segment Results dialogue box displays:
Sum. Length - Horizontal distance of the Segment from the

Pipeline Origin.
Inside Diameter - Inside diameter of the pipe over the length of
the Segment.
Pressure - The fluid pressure at the downstream end of the
Segment.
Temperature - The fluid temperature at the downstream end of
the Segment.
3-25
DeltaP Friction - The pressure loss across the Segment due

to friction.
DeltaP Head - The loss or gain in the elevation head across
the Segment.
Liq. Volume Fraction - The volume fraction of the fluid in the
Segment in the liquid phase.
Press. Gradient - The pressure change per unit of pipe length.
Iterations - The number of times that the program repeated the
solution algorithm before convergence was obtained.
Gas Density - The average density of the gas phase in the
Segment.
Liquid Density - The average density of the liquid phase in the
Segment.
Gas Viscosity - The average viscosity of the gas phase in the
Segment.
Liquid Viscosity - The average viscosity of the liquid phase in
the Segment.
Vsg - The average superficial velocity of the gas in the
Segment
Vsl - The average superficial velocity of the liquid in the
Segment
Flow Pattern - When multiphase flow occurs, the flow pattern
or flow regime in a Segment is classified as being one of the
following types: Stratified, Wave, Elongated Bubble, Slug,
Annular-Mist, Dispersed Bubble, Bubble, or Froth. When the
fluid system is in single phase flow, Single Phase is reported
here.
Surface Tension - The liquid property caused by the tensile
forces that exist between the liquid molecules at the surface of
a liquid/gas interface.
For more information on PIPESYS Specsheets are available to the HYSYS Report Manager and
using the HYSYS Report can be added to a Report using the Report Builder.
Manager and Report Builder
see Section 6.2 - Reports in the
HYSYS Reference Manual. You can also preview and print PIPESYS Specsheets directly from the
Results tab. Press the Report button to bring up the Select a Specsheet
dialogue. Here you can choose from a number of different Specsheets:
Figure 3.20
3-26
The Neotec Mini Report provides a summary of selections and results

from the PIPESYS case. The Neotec Maxi Report includes the same
information as the Mini Report and has additional detailed calculation
results for the Pressure and Temperature profiles and Fluid Transport
properties. Press the Preview button to view the formatted Specsheet
on the screen, or press the Print button to print it directly.
If you do not need the complete report results from the PIPESYS case
and are interested in only one particular aspect of the case, select a
Specsheet that confines itself to reporting the parameter of interest. For
example, select the Pressure Temperature Summary for a record of the
pressure and temperature at each of the Pipeline Units.
The Plot button allows you to view your data and results in graphical
form, such as the one in Figure 3.20. Press the Plot button to display the
Plot view. Display any of the plots listed on the left-hand side by
selecting the corresponding radio button. The initial size of the plot
may be to be too small, so press the Pin button to convert the view to a
Non-Modal state and press the Maximize button. To print the plot,
right-click anywhere in the plot area and a pop-up menu will appear;
you can then select Print Plot.
Figure 3.21
Where two quantities are traced, a plot legend is displayed on a yellow

rectangular background. If this obscures a plot line it can be moved by
double-clicking in the plot area. This action selects the plot area to be
modified and you can then drag the plot key to another location.
3-27
For more information on the To modify the characteristics of the plot, right-click on the plot area and
Graph Control, see HYSYS select Graph Control from the pop-up menu that appears. The Graph
Reference Manual 1, Section
5.3 - Graph Control. Control tool allows you to change the Data, Axes, Title, Legend and Plot
Area. For example, you can change the scaling on the plot axes by
opening the Axes tab, selecting the variable to be re-scaled in the list of
axes and removing the check from the Use Auto-Scale check boxes in
the Bounds group box. Then change the values in Minimum and
Maximum input boxes. When the Close button is pressed, the plot will
be redrawn with the new scales.
3.4.9 Messages Tab

The text window of this tab is used to display messages or warnings that
may have arisen during the PIPESYS extension calculations.
3-28
Elevation Profile -Quick Start 4-1
4 Elevation Profile -
Quick Start
4.1 Flow Sheet Set-Up........................................................................................ 3
4.2 Adding the PIPESYS Extension .................................................................. 4
4.3 Defining the Elevation Profile ..................................................................... 5
4-1
4-2
4-2
One of the first and most important steps in adding a PIPESYS

operation to a HYSYS Flowsheet is the construction of the elevation
If you would like to follow a
more detailed step-by-step profile. The purpose of this procedure is to create a representation of
procedure for creating a the pipeline as a connected series of components with the
PIPESYS case, see Chapter 10 - corresponding position data. In this example, you will go through the
Gas-Condensate Pipeline.
steps to enter an elevation profile components and data. All units of
measurement in this example are SI, but feel free to change these to
whatever unit system you are accustomed to using
For this case, a simple pipeline consisting of three pipe units and a pig
launcher will be built to demonstrate the PIPESYS procedures. Figure
4.1 shows a schematic of these four components with coordinate axes.
Figure 4.1
4.1 Flow Sheet Set-Up

Before working with the PIPESYS extension, you must first create a
HYSYS case. In the Simulation Basis Manager, create a fluid package
using the Peng Robinson equation of state. Add the components
methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-pentane,
n-hexane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.
Property Package Components

Peng Robinson C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5,
C6, Nitrogen, CO2, H2S
4-3
4-4 Adding the PIPESYS Extension
Create a stream called Inlet in the Main Simulation Environment and

define it as follows:
Name Inlet
Vapour Fraction 1.00
Temperature [oC] 45**
Pressure [kPa] 8000**
Molar Flow [kgmole/h] 300**
Mass Flow [kg/h] 6595
** signifies required input
LiqVol Flow [m3/h] 17.88
Heat Flow [kJ/h] -2.783e+07
Comp Mass Frac [methane] 0.7822**
Comp Mass Frac [ethane] 0.0803**
Comp Mass Frac [propane] 0.0290**
Comp Mass Frac [i-Butane] 0.0077**
Comp Mass Frac [n-Butane] 0.0246**
Comp Mass Frac [i-Pentane] 0.0074**
Comp Mass Frac [n-Pentane] 0.0072**
Comp Mass Frac [n-Hexane] 0.0012**
Comp Mass Frac [Nitrogen] 0.0098**
Comp Mass Frac [CO2] 0.0409**
Comp Mass Frac [H2S] 0.0097**
4.2 Adding the PIPESYS

Extension
Once the case is created, the PIPESYS extension can be added.
1. Go to the UnitOps tab in the workbook and press the Add UnitOp
button.
2. From the available list select PIPESYS extension and click Add.
4-4
3. On the Connections tab complete the form as shown in Figure 4.2.
Figure 4.2
4.3 Defining the Elevation

Profile
1. Open the Elevation Profile tab. As you can see from Figure 4.1, the
coordinates of the Pipeline Origin have the value 0.0. Enter 0.0 into
both the Distance and the Elevation cells in the Pipeline Origin
group box.
Add a Pipe Unit to the matrix as follows:
2. First, select the <empty> cell in the Pipeline Unit column and then
choose Pipe from the drop-down list on the Menu Bar. A Pipe Unit
Property View will appear.
4-5
4-6 Defining the Elevation Profile
3. Complete the Dimensions tab of the Pipe Unit view by specifying a

Nominal Diameter of 3 Inches and a Pipe Schedule of 40. Figure
4.3 shows the completed tab.
Figure 4.3
4. Go to the Heat Transfer tab of the Pipe Unit view. Select the cell
that reads <empty> for the Centre Line Depth and the click the
Default button. Figure 4.4 shows the completed tab.
Figure 4.4
5. Close the complete Pipe Unit view.
4-6
6. The pipe unit will now appear as an entry in the matrix, with
<empty> in all parameter cells. Pipe #1 has endpoint coordinates
of (1200, 360). To complete the profile data entry, enter 1200 into
the Distance cell and 360 into the Elevation cell. PIPESYS
automatically calculates all the other parameters, as shown below.
Figure 4.5
7. Now add the second pipe unit to the matrix. Fill in the pipe unit
view with the same specifications as were used for Pipe Unit #1.
You may either re-enter all this information, or use the Copy and
Paste buttons on the Elevation Profile tab.
8. This time specify the second pipe unit endpoint using the Run and
Length parameters instead of Elevation and Distance. Figure 4.1
shows that the second pipe unit has a Run of 1200 and a Length of
1227.84. Enter these values into the Elevation Profile tab.
You may have noticed that the data on the Elevation Profile tab does
not correctly represent the actual geometry of the pipeline. This is
because PIPESYS always assumes a positive angle for the pipe unit when
the Run and Length parameters are used to specify the coordinates of the
endpoint.
9. To correct the matrix data, make a note of the Angle value, which is
12.23, and then delete the value in the Length cell. Now enter -
12.23 into the Angle cell. Or alternately, you could enter the value
for the Rise as -260 m.
4-7
10. To add the Pig Launcher, select the <empty> cell and choose Pig
Launcher from the Edit Bar.
Figure 4.6
You are not required to specify any additional data to incorporate the
Pig Launcher into the matrix. Figure 4.6 shows the Elevation Profile tab
after the Pig Launcher has been added. Position data for the launcher
or any other in-line facility does not have to be specified because this
information is obtained automatically from the preceding component.
4-8
11. Finally, add a third pipe unit with the same parameters as the
previous two. Using the Run and Rise parameters specify the
endpoint coordinates. The Run value is 500 (2900-2400) and the
Rise is 180 (280-100). Figure 4.7 shows the completed Elevation
Profile tab.
Figure 4.7
The status bar at the bottom of the PIPESYS view indicates that there is
Insufficient information on the Temperature Profile screen.
12. Open the Temperature Profile tab. Enter 20 into the Ambient
Temperature cell of the Pipeline Origin group box.
You will notice that the Ambient Temperature value is automatically

copied in the Ambient T cell for each individual pipe unit, unless
otherwise specified.
Once the Ambient Temperature information is provided, PIPESYS

begins calculating. When completed, the status bar reads Converged.
The Temperature Profile tab of the converged extension is shown in
Figure 4.8 below.
4-9
Figure 4.8
13. Save your completed case as Pipesys1.hsc.

The PFD generated for the completed case, plus a material stream table
is shown below:
Figure 4.9
To add a table to a PFD, right

click on the PFD and choose
Add Workbook Table from the
drop down list.
4-10
Pipe Unit View 5-1
5 Pipe Unit View
5.1 Connections Tab .......................................................................................... 3

5.1.1 Dimensions Tab ....................................................................................... 3
5.1.2 Heat Transfer Tab .................................................................................... 5
5.1.3 Pipe Coatings Tab .................................................................................... 8
5.2 Adding a Pipe Unit ....................................................................................... 9
5-1
5-2
5-2
Pipe Unit View 5-3
This view is used to enter all parameters associated with the

specification of a Pipe Unit in PIPESYS. All data settings related to
physical characteristics, such as dimensions, roughness and coatings
are entered here. This view also allows you to specify one of a number
of external environments that affect the heat transfer from the flowing
fluid, including below ground, open air and under water settings.
Figure 5.1
5.1 Connections Tab

Some basic information about the Pipe Unit is displayed on this tab.
The pipe unit name and its profile location data appear here. The
location data is repeated from the Elevation Profile tab of the Main
PIPESYS View and is read-only here. If you wish to change the Distance,
Elevation, or Unit Displacement data, you must return to the Main
PIPESYS View and go to the Elevation Profile tab.
5.1.1 Dimensions Tab

The Dimensions tab features a built-in data set with a comprehensive
range of pipe sizes and wall thicknesses. If you are using a standard
pipe size in your project, you need only select a nominal diameter and a
pipe schedule and PIPESYS will automatically fill in the other input
cells. You can also use non-standard pipe sizes by manually entering all
relevant data.
5-3
5-4 Connections Tab
Figure 5.2
The Pipe Dimensions group box contains the following parameter

input cells:
Nominal Diameter - The commercial sizing descriptor for a

given pipe size.
Pipe Schedule - This drop-down box allows you to select from
the American Standard B36.10 pipe wall thickness schedule or
use the traditional standard weight (S), extra strong (XS) and
double extra strong (XXS) specification method for entering the
pipe nominal wall thickness value.
Outside Diameter - A value will be automatically generated
and entered here once a nominal diameter is selected. If you
are dealing with a non-standard pipe size you can enter this
value manually.
Wall Thickness - The actual thickness of the pipe wall. Can be
set manually.
Inside Diameter - The actual inside diameter of the pipe. Can
be set manually.
Default Roughness - Wall roughness can be set by PIPESYS
according to the pipe material entered in this input cell. If you
have a specific value for roughness that you want to use
instead, choose the User specified setting for Default
Roughness. You will now be able to enter any value into the
Absolute Roughness input cell.
5-4
Pipe Unit View 5-5
Figure 5.3
Specify the Default Roughness

by selecting from the list of
materials in the drop-down
bar.
Absolute Roughness - The standard sand particle equivalent

roughness rating used to define the effective roughness of the
pipe. Pipe material, service time and environmental conditions
can be factors in the determination of this value. PIPESYS has
a comprehensive data-set of roughness values cross-
referenced to pipe material types. Once you have chosen a
pipe material, a corresponding roughness value will appear in
this input cell. This parameter can be adjusted to match
measured frictional pressure losses in existing pipelines.
Relative Roughness - This value is calculated as the ratio of
absolute roughness to inside pipe diameter.
5.1.2 Heat Transfer Tab

On this tab, a number of different heat transfer environments can be
specified and the parameters that influence the rate of heat transfer
from the flowing fluid specified. Figure 5.4 shows the Heat Transfer tab
for the Pipe Unit view.
The following environments are available in the Heat Transfer

Environment group box:
User Specified - If special circumstances preclude selection of

any of the other environments or you wish to run your
calculations using a specific value for the heat transfer
coefficient rather than have PIPESYS calculate it for you,
choose this setting and enter a value in the Overall Heat
Transfer Coefficient input cell.
Buried - If the pipe unit is completely below ground, choose
this setting.
Submerged - Used for pipe units that are completely
immersed in water.
Above Ground - Choose this setting if the pipe unit is
completely above ground and surrounded by air.
Buried/Submerged - Used for pipe units that are partly below
ground and partly underwater.
5-5
5-6 Connections Tab
Buried/Exposed - Choose this setting if the pipe unit is partly

below ground and partly exposed to air.
Figure 5.4
The Inside Film Coefficient group box has a setting that allows you to
control how PIPESYS accounts for the effects of the inside film on heat
transfer. The term inside film refers to the laminar sublayer that exists
adjacent to the pipe wall. Heat transfer through this film is primarily by
conduction, but the thickness of the film depends on the flow rate and
the fluid properties. It is usual to define the resistance to heat transfer
in terms of a convective coefficient. The inside film can have a
significant influence on the heat flow and can account for as much as
half of the overall heat transfer coefficient value. You may select
Calculated and have PIPESYS calculate the inside film coefficient using
fluid property data, or select Specified and enter the value yourself.
The Parameters group box, on the right half of the Heat Transfer tab,
contains a list of environment parameters specific to the heat transfer
chosen. The following list describes the parameters for the various
environments. For dual environments, both sets of parameters will be
available.
Common to All Pipe Environments

Default Conductivities - This parameter is similar to the
Default Roughness parameter of the Dimensions tab. The pipe
material type determines the value of the Pipe Conductivity
parameter, which is set automatically once the pipe material is
5-6
Pipe Unit View 5-7
chosen. If you want to supply your own value for Pipe

Conductivity, set Pipe Material to User Specified. The Pipe
Conductivity input cell will become user-modifiable.
Pipe Conductivity - This is the thermal conductivity of the
specified pipe material.
Buried
Centre Line Depth - The burial depth of the pipeline,
measured from the ground surface to the centre line of the
pipe.
Soil Type - You may select from a variety of commonly
encountered soil types or choose User Specified. The soil type
is used by the program to determine a value for the soil
conductivity. If you have chosen User Specified, you may enter
your own value in the Soil Conductivity input cell.
Soil Conductivity - The thermal conductivity of the soil
surrounding the pipe.
Submerged
Water Density - The density of the water surrounding the pipe.
Water Viscosity - The viscosity of the water surrounding the
pipe.
Water Conductivity - The thermal conductivity of the water
Water Velocity - The cross pipe velocity of the water
surrounding the pipe. This value is used in convective heat
transfer calculations.
Water Heat Capacity - The specific heat capacity of the water
Above Ground
Air Density - The density of the air surrounding the pipe.
Air Viscosity - The viscosity of the air surrounding the pipe.
Air Conductivity - The thermal conductivity of the air
Air Velocity - The cross-pipe velocity of the air surrounding the
pipe unit. This value is used in convective heat transfer
calculations.
Buried Fraction - The fraction of the pipe diameter that is
underground. This number must be a value between 0.0 and
1.0.
Inside Film Coefficient - Displays the calculated or user-
entered value for the inside film coefficient.
If you want PIPESYS to supply a default value for any of the Parameters
data, highlight the input cell and press the Default button in the lower
5-7
5-8 Connections Tab
right corner of the group box. PIPESYS will supply a default value to the
input cell.
5.1.3 Pipe Coatings Tab

If the pipe has insulating and protective coatings, the relevant data can
be entered into the matrix on this tab. You should begin with the
innermost coating for Layer 1 and proceed outwards. To enter the data
for a coating layer, select the cell in the Coating column containing
<empty>. From the drop down input cell at the top of the tab (see
Figure 5.5), you can then choose from a number of coating types.
Figure 5.5
Once a coating type has been selected, the corresponding conductivity

value for that material will appear in the Conductivity column.
Complete the layer description by entering a value for the thickness.
If you want to add a new entry at an intermediate point on the list,

select a cell in the row that will follow the position of the new entry.
Press the Insert button and an empty row will be created for you to
enter data. The Remove and Remove All buttons are used respectively
to delete a particular row and to delete the entire matrix.
Figure 5.6
5-8
Pipe Unit View 5-9
5.2 Adding a Pipe Unit

Carry out the following steps to define the pipe units:
1. Open the Elevation Profile tab of the Main PIPESYS View. If the
table is not empty you may add the Pipe Unit to the end of the
component list or insert it between two components already in the
list.
Figure 5.7
To add a new Pipe Unit at the end of the pipeline, select the cell
containing <empty> in the Pipeline Unit column. Select Pipe from
the Edit Bar drop down list. If you want to insert a new Pipe Unit
within a set of Pipe Units, select the Pipeline Unit that will be
immediately downstream of the new Pipe Unit and choose Pipe
from the Edit Bar drop down list.
Figure 5.8
5-9
5-10 Adding a Pipe Unit
In both cases, a new Pipe Unit will appear in the profile matrix and
the Pipe Unit View will open.
Figure 5.9
The Pipe Segment Location

data on this tab is read-only. It
can be changed only on the
Elevation Profile tab of the
Main PIPESYS view.
2. Enter a label for this Pipe Unit or accept the default name provided
automatically in the Name cell.
3. Select the Dimensions tab on the Pipe Unit View. Here you enter
the physical dimensions and the effective roughness of the pipe. If
the nominal diameter and the pipe schedule are known, choose
these settings from the Nominal Diameter and Pipe Schedule
drop down boxes.
Figure 5.10
5-10
Pipe Unit View 5-11
The program will obtain the corresponding dimensions from its

internal database and fill in the Outside Diameter, Wall Thickness
and Inside Diameter cells. Alternatively, you can select User
Specified in the Nominal Diameter drop down box and enter these
values directly.
4. Choose a material type from the Default Roughness drop down list
or enter an Absolute Roughness to complete the Dimensions tab.
PIPESYS will use a default value for the roughness based on the
material type that you select, or, if you choose User Specified for
the Material Type, you will be able to enter a specified roughness
value.
Figure 5.11
5. On the Heat Transfer tab, select the pipe surroundings for your
case in the Heat Transfer Environment group box.
Figure 5.12
5-11
5-12 Adding a Pipe Unit
PIPESYS can calculate the heat transfer to the surroundings based

on the characteristics of one of the external environments: Buried,
Submerged, Above Ground, Buried/Submerged or Buried/
Exposed. A matrix of required parameters, as in Figure 5.13, will
appear in the group box on the right of the form when Heat
Transfer environment is chosen. When User Specified is selected,
an overall heat transfer coefficient for the system may be entered.
Figure 5.13
See Section 5.1.2 - Heat

Transfer Tab for the
definitions of the pipe
environment parameters.
PIPESYS requires sufficient data to calculate the heat transfer from the
fluid to the surroundings. Use the Default button to fill in required
values for which you have no field data.
6. In the Inside Film Coefficient group box, select Specified to enter

the resistance to heat transfer through the fluid film on the inside
wall of the pipe. Select Calculated to have PIPESYS calculate the
value for you. The default value is representative for turbulent flow.
Figure 5.14
This completes the information required for adding a pipe-unit.
5-12
Global Change Feature 6-1
6 Global Change
Feature
6.1 Global Change View..................................................................................... 4
6.1.1 Connections Tab ...................................................................................... 4
6.1.2 Dimensions Tab ....................................................................................... 5
6.1.3 Heat Transfer Tab .................................................................................... 6
6.1.4 Pipe Coatings........................................................................................... 6
6.2 Global Change Procedure ........................................................................... 7
6.3 Making a Global Change.............................................................................. 9
6-1
6-2
6-2
The Global Change feature is a convenient way to change the

parameters of multiple Pipe Units in the elevation profile. A Global
Change operation makes a simultaneous access to any or all of the Pipe
Units in the elevation profile and changes a selection of parameters to
your specifications. The Global Change feature has been implemented
in PIPESYS as a time saving mechanism so that you are not required to
open the property views for each individual Pipe Unit in order to make
a change common to all units.
The Global Change button is accessed through the Elevation Profile tab
of the Main PIPESYS view.
Figure 6.1
It can be used to edit the property view parameters for a single Pipe
Unit and to subsequently duplicate the edits for none, some, or all of
the other Pipe Units in the pipeline, in a single sequence of operations.
This saves time when implementing changes to many Pipe Units at
once. Of greater importance is that this feature reduces the potential for
errors during the edit process. Any Pipe Unit can be used as a data
template for changing the other Pipe Units in the pipeline simply by
selecting it prior to clicking the Global Change button.
Figure 6.2
6-3
6-4 Global Change View
For example, after having made a pressure drop calculation for a

pipeline consisting of 10 sections of 4" pipe, you might wish to repeat
the calculation for the same pipeline with all diameters increased to 6".
Rather than changing each of the 10 Pipe Units individually, you can
apply the Global Change feature. Using this feature, you are required to
execute only a few user-interface operations to change the pipe
diameters from 4" to 6" for all Pipe Units.
The Global Change Property View is almost identical to the Pipe Unit
Property View. Except as noted in this chapter, you make changes to
Pipe Unit parameters using the same interface features that are
described Chapter 5 - Pipe Unit View.
The distinguishing feature of the Global Change Property View is the

Change check boxes that are associated with particular groups of
parameters on each of the tabs, as shown in Figure 6.3.
Figure 6.3
These check boxes have two functions. They become automatically

checked when you change one or more of their associated parameters
as a reminder that you have requested a Global Data change for the
selected Pipe Unit or other Pipe Units. As well, they can be manually
checked to indicate that the data for the selected Pipe Unit has not
changed but will be copied to other Pipe Units in the elevation profile.
6.1 Global Change View

Displayed in the Name cell on this tab is the name of the Pipe Unit that
was selected for the Global Change appended to the words Copy of.
This serves as a reminder that you are only working with a copy of the
Pipe Unit data. No changes will be made to the original data until you
first press the Apply button, select some Pipe Units to change and then
finally press the Close button to close the Global Change View. This will
then initiate the recalculation of the PIPESYS extension.
6-4
Figure 6.4
6.1.2 Dimensions Tab

This tab is identical to the Dimensions tab of the Pipe Unit Property
View except for the Change check boxes beside the Nominal Diameter
cell and the Roughness Data matrix.
Figure 6.5
6-5
6-6 Global Change View
6.1.3 Heat Transfer Tab

On this tab you can change any of the parameters that affect the heat
transfer from the fluid system. The type of environment, method of
inside film coefficient derivation and the parameters associated with
the environment can all be altered during a Global Change operation.
Figure 6.6
6.1.4 Pipe Coatings

The Pipe Coatings tab lists in matrix form the insulating coatings
applied to the Pipe Unit.
Figure 6.7
6-6
6.2 Global Change

Procedure
The steps to implementing a global parameter change for some or all of
the Pipe Units in the elevation profile are outlined in the following
procedure:
1. Select any one of the Pipe Units in your elevation profile matrix
and press the Global Change button. The Global Change Property
View will appear and display the data from the selected unit.
Figure 6.8
The Global Change Property

View is almost identical to the
Pipe Unit Property View.
2. Request a Global Change for a particular parameter by entering

the new parameter values into the input cells. Each major group of
Pipe Unit parameters has a check box beside it which will become
automatically checked once a parameter has been changed.
Figure 6.9
6-7
6-8 Global Change Procedure
The check box also allows you to specify that the data of a particular
unit, as it appears, will be duplicated to other Pipe Units in the
elevation profile. To do this, just click on the check box beside each
parameter that you want copied to other Pipe Units but leave the data
unchanged.
3. Once all the changes that you want to make have been specified,
press the Apply button and the Global Change Dialogue Box will
appear with a list of all the Pipe Units in the profile.
Figure 6.10
To select more than one

individual Pipe Unit, hold
down <shift> while selecting
the desired units.
Select the Pipe Units in the list that will be subjected to the Global
Change and press the OK button.
4. To complete the Global Change, you must close the view by
pressing the Close button. PIPESYS will then make the requested
parameter changes to all Pipe Units selected for the Global Change
procedure.
6-8
6.3 Making a Global

Change
Example
The Global Change feature has been implemented in PIPESYS as a time
saving mechanism so that when making a change common to more
than one pipe unit, you do not need to open each Property View and
change the data manually. A Global Change operation makes a
simultaneous access to any or all of the Pipe Units in the elevation
profile and changes a selection of parameters to the desired values.
The Global Change feature can be used to edit the Property View
parameters for a single Pipe Unit and to subsequently duplicate the
edits for some or all of the other Pipe Units in the pipeline. Any Pipe
Unit can be used as a data template for changing the other Pipe Units in
the pipeline.
This short example uses the case Pipesys1.hsc that you created in
Chapter 4 - Elevation Profile -Quick Start. This case consists of a single
PIPESYS extension comprised of 3 segments of steel pipe and a pig
launcher situated between the second and the third pipe units. The
pipe is buried, has a 3 diameter and is schedule 40. If you have not yet
completed this case, you must do so before proceeding with this
example.
In this example, the Global Change feature will be used to change the
diameter of all the pipe units from 3 to 4. Figure 6.11 shows an
6-9
6-10 Making a Global Change
elevation profile diagram of the pipeline that is to be modified.
Figure 6.11
1. Highlight the Pipe Unit #1 in the Pipeline Unit column on the

Elevation Profile tab and press the Global Change button.
2. When the Global Change Pipe Unit View appears, open the
Dimensions tab as shown in Figure 6.12.
Figure 6.12
6-10
The check beside a Pipe Unit 3. Now change the Pipe Unit diameter to 4". Select 4 Inches from the
parameter indicates that it Nominal Diameter drop down cell and you will see that a check
has been changed and that
appears in the Change check box beside it. You will also have to re-
this change can subsequently
be applied to other Pipe Units. select Schedule 40 from the Pipe Schedule drop down cell. Figure
6.13 shows the changed view.
Figure 6.13
4. Now press the Apply button at the bottom of the Global Change
View.
5. The Global Change Dialog Box will appear. Here you must specify
which Pipe Units in the pipeline will be subjected to the Global
Change. In this case the change will apply to all pipe units, so press
the Select All button to highlight all the pipe units. Figure 6.15
shows the dialog box with the selected pipe units.
Figure 6.14
6-11
6-12 Making a Global Change
The Global Change view must 6. Press the OK button on the Global Change view and PIPESYS will
be closed to initialize the recalculate the extension using the new diameter value.
PIPESYS calculations.
This completes the Global Change example. The following table
compares calculated results for the Outlet stream for the 3 and 4
diameter pipeline.
Diameter 3 4
Vapour 1.00 1.00
Temperature [C] 27.06 28.06
Pressure [kPa] 7182.73 7630.47
Molar Flow [kgmole/h] 300.00 300.00
Mass Flow [kg/h] 6504.44 6504.44
Liq Vol Flow [m3/h] 17.78 17.78
Heat Flow [kj/h] -2.79916e+07 -2.80155e+07
6-12
In-line Compressor 7-1
7 In-line Compressor
7.1 The Compressor View.................................................................................. 3

7.1.1 Connections Tab ...................................................................................... 3
7.1.2 Parameters Tab........................................................................................ 4
7.1.3 Curve Tab................................................................................................. 7
7.1.4 Fuel Requirements Tab ............................................................................ 9
7.1.5 Mechanical Losses Tab.......................................................................... 10
7.1.6 Requirements Tab ...................................................................................11
7.1.7 Results Tab ............................................................................................ 12
7.2 Adding a Compressor................................................................................ 13
7-1
7-2
7-2
This view is used to enter all of the data required to specify the
characteristics of a compressor unit in a PIPESYS extension. PIPESYS
contains five different compressor models which operate either on
performance data built into the program or on data entered by the user.
Compressors can be installed in pipelines in which there is also a liquid

phase. If conditions are such that there is a liquid phase at the
compressor suction side, PIPESYS will automatically remove the liquid
and perform the compression calculations on the remaining gas phase.
The liquid phase is assumed to be pumped around the compressor and
the two phases are then recombined at the discharge side.
7.1 The Compressor View

You may give the compressor a unique name by entering a label into
the Name input cell. This label is the same as that displayed in the
elevation profile matrix in the Main PIPESYS View. The location of the
compressor in the profile is specified in the Compressor Location
group box using these parameters:
Distance - the horizontal position of the compressor using the

Pipeline Origin as the reference point
Elevation - the vertical position of the compressor using the
Pipeline Origin as the reference point
Unit Displacement - the length of the true flow path from the
pipeline origin to the compressor
The data displayed in the Compressor Location group box may not be
edited. You must go to the Elevation Profile tab in the Main PIPESYS
View if you need to change the compressor location data.
7-3
7-4 The Compressor View
Figure 7.1
7.1.2 Parameters Tab

This tab is used to define the basic operating characteristics of the
compressor. In the Compressor Type group box there is a drop down
cell from which you can select one of five possible models for
performing compressor calculations.
Figure 7.2
7-4
The five types of compressor models available in PIPESYS are:
Isentropic (H/S Diagram) - A compressor that follows an

adiabatic compression path as defined on an Enthalpy/Entropy
diagram.
Polytropic (Internal Curve) - The performance of this type is
defined by a set of generalized curves contained within
PIPESYS. These curves describe the relationship between the
required brake horsepower per unit of volumetric flow
(referenced to one atmosphere and the suction temperature)
and the compression ratio, for gases with various specific heat
capacity ratios.
Polytropic (User Curve) - This compressor is identical to the
Polytropic (Internal Curve) type except that the performance is
defined by data which you must enter on the Curve tab.
Isentropic (GPSA) - This compressor follows an adiabatic
cycle such that PVk = constant where P is pressure, V is
specific volume and k is the heat capacity ratio Cp/Cv.
Polytropic (GPSA) - This compressor follows an polytropic
path such that PVn = constant where n is called the polytropic
exponent.
Selection of one of these types should be based on your knowledge of

the specific compressor that you are modelling. Once a particular
compressor type is selected, the tab will change accordingly and
display input cells in which you can enter the values used to
characterize the compressor. Each compressor type has some or all of
the following parameters that must be entered:
Brake Power
Specified - The Brake Power is the total power for all stages.
You need to specify only one of Brake Power or Discharge
Pressure and PIPESYS will calculate the other. Once you enter
a value here, PIPESYS will calculate the corresponding
discharge pressure and display it in the Discharge Pressure
group box.
Calculated - PIPESYS will display the brake power calculated
from the specified Discharge Pressure in this input cell.
Discharge Pressure
Specified - This value is the pressure at the outlet of a single
or multistage compressor. You need to specify only one of
Brake Power or Discharge Pressure and PIPESYS will
calculate the other. Once you enter a value here, PIPESYS will
calculate the corresponding brake power and display it in the
Brake Power group box.
7-5
Calculated - PIPESYS will display the discharge pressure

calculated from the specified Brake Power in this input cell.
Optional Constraints
Max Power - If the compressor discharge pressure has been
specified, you can enter a value here to constrain the computed
power requirement. If no value is entered here, PIPESYS will
make its calculations with the assumption that the compressor
is capable of supplying as much power as is needed to attain
the specified discharge pressure. However, this can be an
unrealistic assumption. The compressor may be incapable of
such performance, in which case you can find the greatest
discharge pressure that it can deliver without exceeding its
rated maximum power. To do so, enter values for Discharge
Pressure and Max Power. If PIPESYS finds that the
compressor must exceed the Max Power setting to match the
discharge pressure, it will recalculate and find the greatest
discharge pressure that it can deliver at the maximum power
setting.
Max Discharge Pressure - If the compressor power has been
specified in the Brake Power cell, you can constrain the
compressor discharge pressure by entering a value in this cell.
In this way, you can ensure that you do not exceed the
maximum operating pressure for your pipeline. If the specified
power will cause the compressor to exceed the maximum
discharge pressure, then the compressor discharge will be set
to this value and a new lower brake power will be computed.
Parameters
Max Discharge Temperature - The temperature of the
compressor discharge is limited to this value by cooling the
gas. The theoretical duty for the cooler is reported on the
Requirements tab.
Max Interstage Temperature - This parameter is applicable
only to multi-stage compressors. If the temperature of the gas
at any of the intermediate discharges exceeds this value,
PIPESYS will automatically install an interstage cooler to lower
the temperature of the gas to this value. This duty is also
reported on the Requirements tab.
Number of Stages - You may specify any number of stages for
a multi-stage compressor in this input cell. If you leave this
empty, PIPESYS will compute the number of stages based on
a maximum compression ratio of 4:1.
Polytropic Efficiency - PIPESYS uses a default value of 0.73
unless you specify otherwise.
Adiabatic Efficiency - PIPESYS uses a default value of 0.73
unless you specify otherwise.
7-6
Interstage deltaP - This parameter corresponds to the

pressure loss caused by the interstage tubing and fittings.
PIPESYS uses a value of zero as a default value.
Heat Capacity Ratio - This parameter is a property of the gas
and is expressed as Cp/Cv. It is needed for temperature rise
calculations and for selecting values from the built-in
compressor performance curves. PIPESYS will calculate this
value using gas property data as a default or will use whatever
value you choose to enter.
Rating Factor - This is a calibration factor which you can use
to fine-tune a compressor performance curve for either internal
or user-specified curves. This factor arbitrarily increases or
decreases the power value obtained from a performance curve.
Its purpose is to allow you to more closely model the
performance of an actual compressor using the built in
performance curves in PIPESYS.
7.1.3 Curve Tab

Use this tab to enter performance curve data when the Polytropic (User
Curve) on the Parameters tab is chosen. Otherwise, the message No
data is required for the compressor type selected will appear.
You must select the units used to specify the Brake Power/Flow
parameter. You may choose from:
Hp/MMscfd - Horsepower per million standard cubic feet per

day
kW/E3sm3d - kilowatts per thousand standard cubic meters
per day
You must also enter the curve data into the matrix. You should be able
to obtain this information from the compressor manufacturers
specification sheets. You must enter at least two data points to
completely specify the compressor curve. It is not necessary to enter
the Point value as these numbers are automatically generated. You
must enter a value into the Reference Pressure input cell. This value is
the pressure at which the compressor was tested and should be
recorded on the compressor specification sheets.
7-7
Figure 7.3
The Insert, Remove and Remove All buttons can be used to alter the
curve data after all points have been entered. To insert, select the entry
that immediately follows the position where you want the new point to
be located. Press the Insert button and blank data cells will appear in
the list. To remove a data point, select the specific cell to be removed
and press the Remove button. If you want to clear the list and start over,
press Remove All.
7-8
7.1.4 Fuel Requirements Tab

PIPESYS Compressor Units can remove gas from the stream being
compressed to satisfy fuel gas requirements. Data required to compute
the fuel gas requirements for the compressor is contained on the Fuel
Requirements tab of the Compressor Pipeline Unit.
Figure 7.4
If fuel gas calculations have been requested, PIPESYS will compute the
fuel gas requirements for the compressor based on:
a specified percentage of throughput.

a specified ratio of fuel gas to the overall brake horsepower.
the net heating value of the gas, thermal efficiency and overall
brake horsepower.
In all of the above cases, it is assumed that the fuel gas is taken from the
suction side of the compressor after any first stage separation is done to
remove liquids. Fuel consumption reduces the total amount of gas that
must be compressed and thus, an iterative solution is applied to
compute the compressor horsepower.
For the case when the net heating value of the gas and the overall brake
horsepower is used to compute the fuel requirements, the thermal
efficiency of the compressor is required. A value for the net heating
value of the gas can also be entered. If the value of the net heating value
is left empty, it is determined from the gas being compressed. The fuel
requirements are then computed as,
7-9
( 0.706798 )BHP
Q f = ----------------------------------------
hv t
where: Qf = total gas removed from the pipeline at the compressor

station (lb/sec)
hv = net heating value of the gas (BTU/lb)
nt = overall thermal conversion efficiency
7.1.5 Mechanical Losses Tab

There are three optional parameters that can be entered on this tab.
These values improve the accuracy with which the compressor is
modelled and it is recommended that you supply the program with this
data if you are able to obtain it from the manufacturers specification
sheets. If you leave the input cells empty PIPESYS will ignore
mechanical losses. Only one of these parameters may be set to a non-
zero value as they represent different and mutually exclusive ways of
describing the mechanical losses that occur in a compressor process.
Figure 7.5
The Power Balance for a compressor is:
Brake Power = Gas Power + Mechanical Losses
7-10
Brake Power is the total power required to operate the compressor. Gas
Power is the sum of the theoretical power (the power needed to
compress an ideal gas) and the additional power needed to
compensate for compression losses.
Typically, mechanical losses amount to 1% to 3% of the total brake

power. There are three ways of specifying the mechanical losses:
1. Overall Efficiency - This is a number less than one where:
Mechanical Losses = (1 - Mechanical Efficiency) x Gas Power
2. Actual Losses - Expressed as an actual power value, in units

consistent with the other compressor parameters.
3. Exponent of Gas Power - This value is used in the expression:
Mechanical Losses = Gas Power x
A typical value for the exponent x is 0.4.
7.1.6 Requirements Tab

Here the operational requirements for your compressor are displayed.
These are the values calculated by PIPESYS and broken down on a per
stage basis. The Power Requirements group box contains a summary of
required Gas Power, Gas Head, Losses and Brake Power for each stage
and a total of these values for the entire compressor.
The Theoretical Cooling group box displays any cooling that was
required, if this proved to be necessary, for each stage and the
compressor outlet. The sum of all duty required for cooling the gas is
displayed in the Total Cooling cell.
7-11
Figure 7.6
7.1.7 Results Tab

The conditions at the suction side and the discharge side for each stage
of the compressor are displayed on this tab. See Figure 7.6. The
compressor discharge conditions may be different from the conditions
on the discharge side of the final stage if any after cooling has been
installed. These conditions, for both pressure and temperature, are
displayed in the Compressor Discharge Conditions group box.
Figure 7.7
7-12
If the inlet stream is multiphase either at the suction side of the

compressor, or at the suction side of any subsequent stage, the liquid is
removed and compression is computed on the basis of the resulting
vapour phase. Any liquid removed is recombined with the outlet stream
from the compressor, at the discharge pressure and temperature
conditions. Furthermore, a warning is issued to alert the user that some
liquid separation occurred prior to compression. In the Liquid
Removed at Suction group box, the amount of liquid removed at each
stage of the compressor is reported.
For the case when a stream is determined to be single phase liquid,

either at the suction side of the compressor, or any subsequent stage,
the entire stream is compressed and a warning:Compressor - Single
phase liquid encountered. is posted on the Messages tab. Thus the
compressor is capable of handling dense phase fluids that are reported
by the equation of state to be single phase liquid.
7.2 Adding a Compressor

Carry out the following steps to add a compressor to your pipeline:
1. Open the Elevation Profile tab of the Main PIPESYS View. You can
To insert a compressor in the add the compressor to the end of the list of Pipeline Units or insert
middle of the elevation profile,
it at an intermediate point in the profile.
select the Pipeline Unit that
will be placed immediately 2. To add the new compressor at the end, select the cell containing
downstream and then add the <empty> in the Pipeline Unit column and choose Compressor
compressor. from the Edit Bar at the top of the View.
Figure 7.8
7-13
7-14 Adding a Compressor
3. In the new compressor view that appears, enter a label in the Name
cell on the Connections tab, if desired.
Figure 7.9
4. Open the Parameters tab on the Compressor View. Choose a

compressor type from the drop down box in the Compressor Type
group box. See Figure 7.9.
Figure 7.10
5. The compressor maximum output can be specified using one of

two parameters. You can enter a value for the Brake Power or the
Discharge Pressure in the Specified input cell of these group
boxes. These are mutually exclusive parameters so entering a value
for one precludes subsequently entering a value for the other.
Refer to Section 7.1.2 -

6. In order to constrain the compressor output, enter a value in the
Parameters Tab for more Optional Constraints group box. You can enter a value into the
detailed instructions Max Power or the Max Discharge Press input cell depending on
regarding Optional the compressor output method chosen in Step 4. Applying a
Constraints.
7-14
constraint is not required but you may find that applying a

constraint allows you to find an optimal operating point for the
compressor.
Figure 7.11
7. Enter values in the Parameters group box that best represent the
capabilities and type of your compressor. These values may be
Parameter defaults are available from the manufacturers specification sheets or may be
provided for:
- Adiabatic Efficiency known to you from previous experience with the compressor. Cells
- Polytropic Efficiency which will be filled in by the software but can be overwritten by you
-Heat Capacity Ratio will be displayed in red. Optional values such as Max Discharge
- Rating Factor Temp and Max Interstage Temp can be left empty. Entries are
required for all remaining cells. If any of the required parameters
are unknown to you, pressing the Default button while the
particular cell is selected will generate a default value.
8. Open the Curve tab. Depending on the type of compressor
selected, you may have to supply data for a Compression Ratio vs.
Brake Power/Flow. If no curve data is required, the message No
data required for compressor type selected will appear on this tab.
If curve data is required, a matrix will appear for data entry.
7-15
7-16 Adding a Compressor
9. On the Mechanical Losses tab, there are three parameters used to

specify mechanical losses for the compressor.
Figure 7.12
Only one of these may be selected as they are different and

mutually exclusive methods for specifying mechanical losses.
Entering a value for one of these parameters improves the accuracy
with which the compressor is modelled and it is recommended
that you supply the PIPESYS with this data if you are able to obtain
it from the manufacturers specification sheets. If you are unable to
obtain this data, leave the input cells empty and the mechanical
losses will not be computed.
10. At this point, you are finished entering the required data on the
Compressor View. You can now close this View by pressing the
Close button.
11. Finally, check that the location data for the compressor on the
Elevation Profile tab of the Main PIPESYS View is correct. This data
has been automatically determined using the position data of the
preceding unit in the pipeline, so you should verify that it has been
positioned as you intended. If not, you can use the Cut and Paste
buttons on the Main PIPESYS View to transfer the compressor to a
new position.
Figure 7.13
7-16
In-line Pump 8-1
8 In-line Pump
8.1 In-line Pump View......................................................................................... 3

8.1.1 Connections Tab ...................................................................................... 3
8.1.2 Parameters Tab........................................................................................ 3
8.1.3 Curve Tab................................................................................................. 5
8-1
8-2
8-2
In-line Pump 8-3
PIPESYS supports two different methods of pump performance

modelling. One method relates discharge pressure to fluid horsepower
and volumetric flow rate using an equation. The other method uses
tabular data that you must enter to establish the head and overall
efficiency as functions of the volumetric flow rate. Both methods may
be used interchangeably to model the performance of an actual pump
so your choice of method is dictated by the type of data available.
Note: The pump can only be added to an all-liquid system.
8.1 In-line Pump View

Figure 8.1
Figure 8.1 shows the Connections tab for the In-line Pump. The name
and location of the pump are repeated here from the Elevation Profile
tab of the Main PIPESYS View. The location, once defined in the Main
PIPESYS View, cannot be changed in any other view and is displayed
here only for your reference. If you need to change the location, open
the Elevation Profile tab of the Main PIPESYS View.

Here you must choose to model the pump by using a built-in relation or
by entering data to define a performance curve. If you check the
Activate Curve check box, as shown in the upper left hand corner of
Figure 8.2, the user-defined performance curve will be enabled and you
are required to enter the curve data on the Curve tab. PIPESYS uses the
8-3
8-4 In-line Pump View
built-in relation when it is left unchecked. The only additional data you
need to provide are values for some of the parameter input cells on this
tab.
Figure 8.2
The parameters required to perform calculations with the built-in

pump relation are Brake Power or Specified Discharge Pressure (these
are mutually exclusive parameters) and Efficiency. The rest of the
parameters on this tab are used to display results of the calculations.
These parameters are defined as follows:
Brake Power - The power required to operate the pump. Enter

a value here or in the Specified Discharge Pressure input cell
to provide enough data to perform the pump calculation.
Fluid Power - The actual power delivered to the fluid system or
the work done on the fluid per unit of time. The fluid power is
related to the brake power by the relation:
FHP
BHP = ------------

where: BHP= Brake Horse Power,

FHP= Fluid Horse Power
= pump efficiency
Efficiency - The overall pump efficiency. A value of 0.70 is

typical for some pumps, but you should consult the
manufacturers data sheet to obtain a value which properly
represents the capabilities of your pump. This value is required
by the program to calculate pump performance.
8-4
In-line Pump 8-5
Specified Discharge Pressure - The exit pressure from the

pump. Either the Discharge Pressure or the Brake Power must
be specified. If you have already specified Brake Power, you
cannot supply a value for this parameter.
Suction Pressure - Generally, the suction pressure, or
pressure immediately upstream of the pump, is known from a
calculation of the pressure to that particular location along the
pipeline.
Discharge Pressure - The calculated pressure immediately
downstream of the pump.
Suction Temperature - The temperature of the fluid at the
pump inlet.
Discharge Temperature - The temperature of the fluid at the
pump outlet.
You are not required to enter any data values for these parameters if
you are using the pump performance curve method. In fact, you will be
unable to enter any parameter values on this tab if the Activate Curve
check box is checked, as the parameter input cells will change to read-
only mode.
8.1.3 Curve Tab

If the Activate Curve check box on the Parameters tab is checked, the
Pump Performance Curve group box will appear, as displayed in Figure
8.3, and be ready for data entry on this tab.
Figure 8.3
8-5
8-6 In-line Pump View
Use the matrix on this tab to define the Head vs. Flow Rate and the
Efficiency vs. Flow Rate curves for your pump. Curve data should be
available from the pump manufacturer specification sheets. Different
units for the Flow and Head data may be selected from the drop-down
input cells above the matrix.
If you have not checked the Activate Curve check box on the
Parameters tab, the message No data is required as pump curve is not
activated. will be displayed on this tab.
8-6
In-line Facility Options 9-1
9 In-line Facility
Options
9.1 In-line Heater................................................................................................. 3
9.1.1 Connections Tab ...................................................................................... 3
9.1.2 Parameters Tab........................................................................................ 3
9.2 In-line Cooler ................................................................................................ 4

9.2.1 Connections Tab ...................................................................................... 5
9.2.2 Parameters Tab........................................................................................ 5
9.3 Unit-X............................................................................................................. 6
9.3.1 Connections Tab ...................................................................................... 6
9.3.2 Parameters Tab........................................................................................ 7
9.3.3 Results Tab .............................................................................................. 7
9.4 In-line Regulator ........................................................................................... 8

9.4.1 Connections Tab ...................................................................................... 8
9.4.2 Parameters Tab........................................................................................ 8
9.5 In-line Fittings............................................................................................... 9

9.5.1 Connections Tab ...................................................................................... 9
9.5.2 Parameters Tab........................................................................................ 9
9.6 Pigging Slug Check.................................................................................... 11

9.6.1 Connections Tab .................................................................................... 12
9.6.2 Results Tab ............................................................................................ 12
9.7 Severe Slugging Check ............................................................................. 13

9.7.1 Connections Tab .................................................................................... 15
9.7.2 Results Tab ............................................................................................ 15
9-1
9-2
9.8 Erosion Velocity Check.............................................................................. 16

9.8.1 Connections Tab .................................................................................... 17
9.8.2 Results Tab ............................................................................................ 18
9.9 Side Stream................................................................................................. 18

9.9.1 Connection Tab ...................................................................................... 19
9.9.2 Parameters Tab...................................................................................... 19
9-2
9.1 In-line Heater

The In-Line Heater can be used with any fluid system, but its effects are
only considered for systems on which simultaneous pressure and
temperature profile calculations are being performed. For example, the
heater is ignored by the program if a user-specified temperature profile
is entered because to have both a heater and a user-specified
temperature profile over-specifies the system. PIPESYS copes with this
situation by ignoring the effects of the heater.
Figure 9.1

Figure 9.1 shows the Connections tab for the In-line Heater. As on all
component views, the location for the unit is displayed as read-only
data. If you need to change this data, open the Main PIPESYS View and
go to the Elevation Profile tab.

On this tab you define the parameters that determine the effect of the
heater on the fluid system. You must enter a value for the Pressure
Drop, which is assumed to be constant and independent of the flow
rate, and for one of either the Temperature Rise, Specified Exit
Temperature or Theoretical Duty. The remainder of the cells are for
displaying results.
9-3
9-4 In-line Cooler
The following parameters appear on this tab:
Pressure Drop - The pressure loss experienced by any flow

through the heater. A constant, flow rate invariant quantity.
Temperature Rise - An incremental rise in temperature
applied to the flow through the heater.
Specified Exit Temperature - This is the required temperature
for the fluids leaving the heater.
Theoretical Duty - The amount of heat that must be
transferred to the stream, based on the fluid properties and
amounts of gas and liquid in the mixture, to achieve the
required heating effect.
Inlet Temperature - The temperature of the fluid at the heater
inlet.
Exit Temperature - The temperature of the fluid at the heater
outlet.
Inlet Pressure - The fluid pressure at the heater inlet.
Inlet Pressure - The fluid pressure at the heater outlet.
If you have specified a fluid temperature profile for the pipeline, this
tab will display the message; Heater bypassed because you selected
the option to specify the fluid temperature profile.
9.2 In-line Cooler

The In-Line Cooler is in all respects identical to the heater except that it
removes heat from the flowing fluid instead of adding heat. Like the
heater, the cooler has an effect on the fluid system only when both
pressure and temperature profiles are being calculated.
9-4

As on all component views, the location for the unit is displayed as
read-only data. If you need to change this data, open the Main PIPESYS
View and go to the Elevation Profile tab.
Figure 9.2

As with the heater, you must enter values for the Pressure Drop, which
is assumed to be constant and independent of the flow rate, and for one
of Temperature Drop, Specified Exit Temperature or Theoretical Duty.
The remainder of the cells will display results based on the cooler
calculations.
The following parameters appear on this tab:
Pressure Drop - The pressure loss experienced by any flow

through the cooler. A constant, flow-rate invariant quantity.
Temperature Drop - An incremental drop in temperature
applied to the flow through the cooler.
Specified Exit Temperature - This is the required temperature
for the fluids leaving the cooler.
Theoretical Duty - The amount of heat that must be removed
from the stream, based on the fluid properties and amounts of
gas and liquid in the mixture, to achieve the required cooling
effect.
Inlet Temperature - The temperature of the fluid at the cooler
inlet.
Exit Temperature - The temperature of the fluid at the cooler
outlet.
9-5
9-6 Unit-X
Inlet Pressure - The fluid pressure at the cooler inlet.

Exit Pressure - The fluid pressure at the cooler outlet.
If you have specified a fluid temperature profile for the pipeline, this
tab will display the message; Cooler bypassed because you selected
the option to specify the fluid temperature profile.
9.3 Unit-X
The Unit-X is a generic component that allows you to impose arbitrary
changes in pressure and/or temperature on the fluid flow. It can be
used to simulate the effects of a wide variety of process devices in a
simple manner and is particularly useful in preliminary studies.
Figure 9.3

9-6

Pressure parameters for the Unit-X can be specified in one of three
ways on the Pressure Parameters group box. In the Specified column,
you can enter a value for one of the following three parameters:
Pressure Change - The difference in pressure between the

inlet and outlet of the Unit-X is set to a fixed increment or
decrement. Enter a positive value to specify a pressure gain
and a negative value to specify a pressure drop.
Pressure Ratio - Specifies a fixed value for the ratio expressed
as the outlet pressure divided by the inlet pressure.
Exit Pressure - This parameter allows you to specify a
constant, absolute value of pressure at the unit outlet.
The Calculated column displays the actual, realized pressure

parameters for the Unit-X. These may vary from the Specified values if
the Optional Constraints parameters have been set in such a way as to
limit the effect of the pressure parameter settings. For example, if you
entered a Pressure Change of 100 kPa (a pressure increase of 100 kPa)
and a Max Pressure Ratio of 1.5 for a Unit-X with an inlet pressure of 100
kPa, the outlet pressure would be constrained to 150 kPa rather than
increase to 200 kPa.
Temperature parameters for the Unit-X can be set in one of two ways as
follows:
Temperature Change - Specifies a fixed increment or

decrement for the fluid temperature across the unit. A negative
value corresponds to a temperature decrease and a positive
value to a temperature increase.
Exit Temperature - Specifies a constant temperature value for
the fluid at the unit outlet.
The parameters in the Optional Constraints group box allow you to

limit the output of the Unit-X. The pressure ratio and exit pressure can
be limited to whatever values you choose to enter in these input cells.
Entering a value in the Pressure Ratio cell will cause the Max Pressure
Ratio cell to be disabled and entering a value in the Exit Pressure cell
will cause the Max Exit Pressure cell to be disabled.
9.3.3 Results Tab

The inlet and exit conditions for the Unit-X are displayed here.
9-7
9-8 In-line Regulator
9.4 In-line Regulator

The In-Line Regulator is used to limit the pressure at any point in the
pipeline profile. The only data required is the maximum exit pressure
for the regulator. If the line pressure is less than the regulator exit
pressure, the regulator will be ignored.
If the temperature profile is being calculated and the fluid is a gas-

based system (i.e. dry gas, gas-water, gas-condensate), the discharge
temperature will be computed assuming an isenthalpic expansion
occurs. PIPESYS bases this computation on the specific enthalpy of the
fluids and so the Joule-Thompson cooling effect is taken into account
implicitly.
Figure 9.4


Enter the regulator discharge pressure into the Maximum Exit Pressure
input cell. The Results group box displays the fluid pressure and
temperature at the Inlet and Exit of the regulator once calculations are
complete.
9-8
9.5 In-line Fittings

Fittings such as elbows, tees, valves and sudden expansions create a
pressure drop in the system. For long pipelines or multiphase flow, it is
rarely necessary to account for pressure losses through pipe fittings,
unless there are a significant number of fittings. This is simply because
the magnitude of the pressure drop caused by the fittings is small
compared to the pressure losses brought about by all other causes.
There are a number of methods used to specify or calculate the

pressure drop due to a fitting, but you may select any of these provided
you have suitable data.
Figure 9.5


In the Fitting Selection group box, you may select one of five methods
for specifying the pressure loss across a fitting by specifying values for
the following parameters:
Pressure Drop - A constant value of pressure loss,

independent of the flow rate.
9-9
9-10 In-line Fittings
Velocity Heads - This method requires a value of the

resistance coefficient or number of velocity heads, which you
enter here, to calculate the pressure loss associated with the
mixture velocity and density of the fluids.
Number of Diameters - Characterizes the pressure loss as an
equivalent length of pipe, measured in terms of pipe diameters,
or the L/D ratio. The pressure loss across the fitting is
calculated to be equal to that for a horizontal section of pipe
having diameter D and length L.
Valve Coefficient - This method uses the valve coefficient,
which is defined as the flow rate of water, expressed in U.S.
gallons per minute at 60o F, that results in a pressure loss of
1.0 pounds per square inch across the valve when it is fully
open. This coefficient is used in an expression for pressure loss
that accounts for a variety of flow conditions and fluid
properties. Although this expression was derived using water
flow, it is still a useful guide for valves used in compressible
flow (i.e. gas) service.
Hooper K1 & Hooper K2 - These constants are used in the
Hooper procedure to calculate the resistance coefficient, which
is in turn used to calculate the pressure loss. The Hooper
procedure is a reliable method for predicting the excess head
loss in a fitting due to turbulence caused by abrupt changes in
direction and speed of flow.
The Inside Diameter and Absolute Roughness group boxes are used to
specify the inside diameter and inside surface roughness of the fitting.
The first input cell in each group box is associated with a drop down list
from which you may select From Profile or User Specified. If the former
is selected, the program will obtain the diameter and roughness data
from the adjacent components in the elevation profile. The User
Specified setting allows you to enter your choice of values for diameter
and roughness.
The Results group box displays the calculated results of the inlet and
exit pressure and temperature for the fitting.
9-10
9.6 Pigging Slug Check

Pigging a pipeline to remove liquids or accretions of material on the
inside pipe wall is a transient operation involving a time-varying
buildup of a liquid slug in front of the pig.
Rigorous calculation of the growth of the slug is a highly

complex procedure and is not attempted in PIPESYS, which is
strictly a steady-state flow simulator. However, PIPESYS is
capable of performing some simple calculations that are
adequate for purposes of sizing a slug catcher.
Sizing calculations are made with the assumptions that there is no

slippage of fluid past the pig and that the resident liquid fraction in the
pipe is given by the steady state case. However, while the pig passes
through the pipeline from the pig launcher to the pig trap, liquid
continues to be produced from the downstream end at the steady state
rate. When the pig finally reaches the trap, the amount of liquid in the
slug is taken to be the total initial volume of liquid in the pipeline (as
predicted under steady state conditions) less the amount of liquid that
flows out of the line during the transit time for the pig.
Consequently, the success of the calculation depends on obtaining a

A pig is likely to average suitable estimate for the pig transit time. As an upper bound, the pig
between 50% and 80-90% of
the steady state gas velocity in cannot travel faster than the average steady state gas velocity. In fact, it
the pipeline. is reasonable to assume that even in a relatively flat pipeline, it would
be unlikely to average more than 80% to 90% of the average steady state
gas velocity. There will be a pressure loss across the pig itself and an
increasing resistance to flow as liquid accumulates ahead of it. On the
other hand, it is relatively unlikely to average less than 50% of the steady
state gas velocity, as the pressure buildup behind the pig would become
quite substantial. In hilly terrain, with moderate to large liquid-to-gas
ratios, the pig may well travel at somewhere around 60% of the average
steady state gas velocity.
Unless the pipeline is quite long with relatively high liquid loading, the
differences in slug size due to pig velocity are not excessive. For most
A Pig Launcher allows you to cases, this check can provide a useful guide for sizing the liquid
begin a Pigging Slug Check in
receiving facilities.
the middle of a pipeline.
If a Pig Launcher is not added to
the elevation profile, the test is The insertion of a Pigging Slug Check in a pipeline profile indicates the
taken from the beginning of the termination point of the test, or the location of the pig slug catcher.
profile to the pig slug catcher. Therefore, the length of the pipeline through which the pig travels
9-11
9-12 Pigging Slug Check
spans the distance between its insertion point at a Pig Launcher and
the Pigging Slug Check. The Pig Launcher is available on the drop-
down list of in-line facilities options on the Elevation Profile tab. It is
added to the Elevation Profile tab in the same manner as any other in-
line facility. Because the Pig Launcher serves only as a marker for the
beginning of a Pigging Slug Check, it does not have any physical
properties and therefore does not have an associated view.
You are able to add more than one Pig Launcher to the elevation profile
of a PIPESYS Extension. However, PIPESYS will perform the slugging
check between the pig slug catcher and the nearest upstream Pig
Launcher. If you do not insert a Pig Launcher into the profile, PIPESYS
will calculate the volumes from the beginning of the pipeline. Use the
Cut button on the Elevation Profile tab to remove any undesired Pig
Launchers.
Figure 9.6

9.6.2 Results Tab

There are no data entry requirements for this calculation. Parameters
are all taken from the calculated conditions in the pipeline.
9-12
The Results tab provides three measures of pigging slug size for a range
of pig velocities. You must use your own judgement to decide which pig
velocity is likely to match the actual situation.
For each value of pig velocity, the pig transit time, slug volume, slug
length and slug dumping time are displayed in the results matrix. The
transit time is the time taken for the pig to travel from the launching
point to the check location. Slug volume is the volume of liquid ahead
of the pig as discussed above and slug length measures how much of
the pipeline ahead of the pig is occupied by the slug, assuming that the
pipeline is completely filled with liquid. Dumping time is the time
required for the slug to flow out of the pipeline under steady state
conditions.
Figure 9.7
9.7 Severe Slugging

Check
The Severe Slugging Check is an application of two different criteria to
Severe slugging is associated
with veritcal or near-vertical predict the likelihood of severe slugging at a particular point in the
risers, which are a common pipeline.
feature of offshore production
platforms. Severe slugging is a phenomenon associated with vertical or near-
vertical risers, which are a common feature of pipelines connected to
offshore production platforms but may also be encountered in
pipelines that traverse uneven terrain. Severe slugging occurs only at
points where a steep riser, inclined at 70oor more, is immediately
9-13
9-14 Severe Slugging Check
downstream of a gradually descending section of the pipeline and even

then, only under conditions of low to medium gas and liquid flow rates.
If the flow is stratified, a liquid seal may form at the base of the riser and
block the gas flow. The liquid will continue to flow and accumulate in
the riser, forming a slug. This slug will grow and expand to fill the riser if
the rate at which the hydrostatic head of the slug increases is faster than
the rate at which the gas pressure increases upstream of the slug.
Eventually the liquid will reach the top of the riser and continue to flow
through the pipeline. However, this situation does not represent an
equilibrium state because the gas flow remains blocked. The
hydrostatic head of the slug cannot further increase but the pressure
due to the buildup of gas at the base of the riser will finally exceed the
hydrostatic head of the slug and cause gas to enter the riser. Sometimes
the gas pressure can exceed the hydrostatic head of the slug before the
liquid reaches the top of the riser, but the end result is the same and gas
moves into the riser.
As the gas displaces the liquid in the riser, the hydrostatic head is
reduced, causing a corresponding expansion of the gas. At some point
the remaining liquid in the riser will be energetically blown
downstream and the gas pressure will drop to its minimum value. Then
the liquid-buildup begins anew and the process repeats.
Severe slugging can be a problem for pipeline engineers and operators

because of the irregular flow pattern that develops. The resultant
variations in pressure and flow rate make for an ill-behaved system that
is difficult to control and operate according to requirements.
If possible, severe slugging should be prevented. It is less likely to occur

at higher pressures and can be inhibited by choking the flow at the top
of the riser, although at the cost of reducing production rates. Other
prevention methods include installing an active flow control device at
the top of the riser, or injecting gas into the riser just above the base.
This ensures that the riser can never completely fill with liquid.
9-14

Figure 9.8
9.7.2 Results Tab

There are no data entry requirements for this calculation. Parameters
are taken from the calculated conditions in the pipeline.
PIPESYS computes two different severe slugging criteria, based on

conditions in the system at the point of interest. If the actual value for
the criterion is less than the critical value, the model predicts that
severe slugging occurs, by filling in the check box in the Slugging?
column. Additionally, it should be noted that in the absence of a truly
definitive criterion, severe slugging should be predicted to be a
potential problem unless both Pots (1985) and Fuchs (1987) models say
otherwise.
If the current pipeline profile does not incorporate the geometry

necessary for severe slugging to occur, a warning will be issued by the
software and appear on this tab.
9-15
9-16 Erosion Velocity Check
9.8 Erosion Velocity

Check
Erosion damage (i.e. the wearing away of material) may occur as a
result of the impact of high velocity liquid droplets. It may also be
caused by solid particles, such as sand, entrained in the gas or liquid
stream. Erosion damage is typically controlled by limiting the
maximum gas or liquid velocity in the system. PIPESYS can calculate
such limiting values for a wide range of flowing conditions.
Erosion caused by liquid droplets is primarily a concern in gas-

condensate or gas-water systems, but may also be a concern in oil-gas
Erosion losses can be systems where there is a very high gas-oil ratio, as occurs with wells
significant in sections of pipe under gas lift. Erosion losses are seldom a problem in a straight run of
where the flow abruptly pipe but can be significant anywhere the flow abruptly changes
changes direction.
direction (e.g. manifolds, elbows, tees, etc.). It is usual to perform this
check at the downstream end of the pipeline where, not only do such
direction changes typically occur, but generally also the highest gas
velocities prevail.
For liquid-droplet erosion caused by a sand-free fluid, the limiting

velocity is defined by the following empirical equation,
C
V = ------------
M
M
where: C = a constant
M = mixture density, lb/ft3
VM = maximum allowable mixture velocity
The PIPESYS erosion velocity check makes this calculation for two
values of the constant C so that you may choose a more conservative or
less conservative maximum velocity depending on your need to limit
erosion. To eliminate erosion losses it is suggested that the value
recommended by the API RP14E (C = 100) be used. For situations in
which a small amount (less than 10 mils per year) of erosion can be
tolerated, Salama and Venkatesh recommend a higher value (C = 300).
It is important to realize that the minimum erosion velocity is a
function of the gas density. Much higher velocities can be tolerated at
low pressure than at high pressure.
9-16
A different relation is used for fluids bearing sand. The maximum

allowable velocity is obtained using,
4d
V M = -----------
Ws
where: d = pipe inside diameter (inches)
Ws = rate of sand production (bbl/month) where 1 bbl sand =

945 lb (429 kg)
VM = maximum allowable mixture velocity
The maximum velocity as Ws approaches zero is assumed to be

constrained by the previous equation.
Even relatively small amounts of sand production have a strong

influence on the maximum velocity that should be permitted. For
example, with 4" I.D. tubing and a typical gas density of 4.0 lb/ft3, the
effect of sand production dominates the allowable velocity at any sand
production rate above about 100 lb/month.

Figure 9.9
9-17
9-18 Side Stream
9.8.2 Results Tab

The Fluid Conditions group box displays the Actual Gas Velocity,
Mixture Velocity, Mixture Density and Effective C Value at the erosion
velocity check location. The mixture velocity data is provided so that
you may compare this value against the allowable velocities that appear
in the matrix in the Allowable Velocity group box. The actual gas
velocity and mixture density values are provided for your information.
To analyse the data provided in this tab, you need some information
about your system. You will need an estimate of sand production for
the system in units of lb/month or kg/month and you need to evaluate
the sensitivity of the system to erosion damage. If you wish to eliminate
erosion, choose C = 100. If this condition is too restrictive in terms of
allowable velocity and a small erosion rate over the life of the pipeline
can be tolerated, use C = 300.
Using the actual mixture velocity as an assumed erosion velocity, an

effective C value is computed assuming no sand production. This gives
a measure of a minimum value for C for which erosion will not be a
concern for this case.
Find the value of sand production in the Sand Production column that
is closest to the value for your system. This is expressed in lb/month or
kg/month. Read across to the allowable velocity value that corresponds
to the value of C that you have chosen. If this allowable velocity value is
less than the Mixture Velocity in the Fluid Conditions group box,
erosion is likely to be higher than acceptable and you should make
whatever changes are necessary to lower the mixture velocity at this
location. If the allowable velocity value is greater than the mixture
velocity, erosion is unlikely to be a problem.
9.9 Side Stream

A Side Stream Pipeline Unit in PIPESYS can be used to add or remove
flow from the elevation profile. For pipelines with multiple sources, this
provision eliminates the need to create multiple streams and multiple
pipeline units. This is especially useful if pressure losses in the side
stream are either inconsequential (very short lines) or irrelevant to the
analysis. What would otherwise be a complex system of pipes, can
often be reduced to a few pipelines with side streams. Data for the
calculations are entered in the Parameters tab of the Side Stream
Pipeline Unit and main line results are displayed for the streams before
and after the side stream.
9-18
9.9.1 Connection Tab

Figure 9.10

This page is used to define the basic characteristics of the side stream.
In the Flow Direction group box there are two radio buttons from which
you can choose the direction of the flow: Inflow or Outflow. Selecting
the flow direction and flow rate specifies addition or removal of flow.
The side streams flow rate can be specified as a:
molar flow rate

mass flow rate
or a standard liquid volume flow rate.
For an inflow stream when calculating the flowing fluid temperature

profile, the temperature or vapour mole fraction of the stream can be
optionally specified. If the flowing fluid temperature profile is being
specified or the temperature or vapour mole fraction are left empty,
then the inflow streams temperature and vapour mole fraction are
obtained from main line stream conditions. The Before Side Stream
main line streams data is used when calculations are done in the
9-19
9-20 Side Stream
direction of flow. For calculations done against the direction of flow the
After Side Stream main line streams data is used.
The outflow stream always obtains its temperature and vapour mole
fraction data from the main line streams. Similarly, as when the inflow
streams temperature and vapour mole fraction data are left empty the
Before Side Stream main line streams data is used when calculations
are done in the direction of flow. For calculations done against the
direction of flow the After Side Stream main line streams data is used.
9-20
Gas-Condensate Tutorial 10-1
10 Gas-Condensate
Tutorial
10.1 Setting Up the Flowsheet .......................................................................... 3
10.2 Adding a PIPESYS Extension ................................................................... 8
10.3 Applying a Global Change....................................................................... 16
10-1
10-2
10-2
This example guides you through the construction of a gas-condensate

pipeline consisting of four Pipe Units. A Fluid System with a
hypothetical component is used in a pressure drop calculation for a
predetermined flow rate through the pipeline. All units for this example
are Field.
10.1 Setting Up the

Flowsheet
The following table shows the fluid package you will create for this
example:
Property Package Components

Peng Robinson C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, C6,
C7+*, Nitrogen, CO2, H2S
To change the unit set to Field, 1. Start HYSYS and create a New case.
go to Tools in the menu bar
and choose Preferences. Click 2. Create a Select EOSs in the Property Package Filter group box and
on the Units tab to change the then PR in the Base Property Package Selection group box.
unit set. 3. Open the Components tab on the Fluid Package view and use the
Pure button to add C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, C6,
Nitrogen, CO2 and H2S to the Current Component List.
4. Select the Hypothetical radio button on the Add Comps group box
on the Components tab and then click the Quick Create a Hypo
Comp... button. This will bring up the Hypothetical Component
Property View.
The workbook can also be 5. On the Hypothetical Component Property View enter C7+ into the
accessed by using the hotkey Component Name cell and make sure that Family/Class is set to
combination <Ctrl><D>. Hydrocarbon.
For more information on 6. Open the Critical tab of the Hypothetical Component Property
creating a Hypothetical View and enter 122 into the Molecular Weight cell.
Component refer to Chapter 9
- Hypotheticals of the HYSYS 7. Enter 760 kg/m3 into the Ideal Liquid Density cell by first selecting
Reference, Volume 1. that cell and then typing 760" into the Edit Bar. Select units of kg/
m3 from the Edit Bar drop down list and the program will
automatically convert the liquid density to 47.45 lb/ft3.
10-3
10-4 Setting Up the Flowsheet
8. Finally, press the Estimate Unknown Props button to complete

specification of the hypothetical component. Verify that the
Critical tab appears as in Figure 10.1 before closing the view.
Figure 10.1
9. On the Fluid Package view, select the C7+ component in the Hypo
Components list and press the Add Hypo button to add it to the
Current Component List to complete the specification of the fluid.
10. Close the Fluid Package view.
11. Press the Enter Simulation Environment... button at the bottom of
the Simulation Basis Manager view.
12. Open the Workbook.
13. To change the Workbook display, select Workbook from the Main
Menu bar and then Setup to display the Setup view (Figure10.2).
Workbook button Press the Add... button in the Variables group box to display the
Select Variable(s) for Main dialog box. Select Std Gas Flow in the
Variable(s) list. Press the OK button in the Select Variable(s) for
Main dialogue box. Close the Setup view.
10-4
Figure 10.2
14. Create a new Material Stream. Name it Condensate and type 110 F
into the Temperature cell and 1150 psia into the Pressure cell. See
Figure 10.3 below:
Figure 10.3
10-5
10-6 Setting Up the Flowsheet
15. Enter 75 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) into the
Molar Flow cell on the Workbook view (Figure 10.4). HYSYS will
convert this value to 8235. lbmole/hr.
Figure 10.4
16. Double click the Molar Flow cell and the dialog box Input
Composition for Stream: Condensate will open. Complete the
composition detailed on the following tab as shown in Figure 10.5
and click OK.
Figure 10.5
10-6
17. Create a second Material Stream, which will be the outlet stream of
the pipeline, by typing. Name this stream Outlet.
18. Open the Energy Streams tab of the Workbook view. Define an
Energy Stream by entering the name Pipeline Energy Transfer
into the Name cell.
The following table summarizes the required input for the Condensate
stream:
Name Condensate
Vapour Fraction 0.9576
Temperature [oF] 110**
Pressure [psia] 1150**
Molar Flow [lbmole/hr] 8235**
Mass Flow [lb/hr] 1.905e+05

** signifies required input
Liq Volume Flow [barrel/day] 3.399e+04
Heat Flow [Btu/hr] -3.307e+08
Std Gas Flow [MMSCFD] 75.00**
Comp Mass Frac [Methane] 0.76110**
Comp Mass Frac [Ethane] 0.07860**
Comp Mass Frac [Propane] 0.02820**
Comp Mass Frac [i-Butane] 0.0075**
Comp Mass Frac [n-Butane] 0.0142**
Comp Mass Frac [i-Pentane] 0.0072**
Comp Mass Frac [n-Pentane] 0.0070**
Comp Mass Fac [n-Hexane] 0.0114**
Comp Mass Frac [Nitrogen] 0.0096**
Comp Mass Frac [CO2] 0.0390**
Comp Mass Frac [H2S] 0.0268**
Comp Mass Frac [C7+*] 0.0094**
10-7
10-8 Adding a PIPESYS Extension
10.2 Adding a PIPESYS

Extension
1. Add the PIPESYS Operation to the HYSYS case by selecting
Flowsheet and then Add Operation... from the Menu Bar.
2. Select PIPESYS Extension from the Available Unit Operations list
in the UnitOps dialog, as shown in Figure 10.6, and press the Add
button.
Figure 10.6
The Main PIPESYS View should now be on your screen, displaying the
Connections tab.
3. Name the PIPESYS extension Gas-Condensate Pipeline.

4. From the Inlet drop down list, select the Condensate stream.
5. Select the Outlet stream from the Outlet drop down list.
6. Select Pipeline Energy Transfer from the Energy drop down list.
7. Click on the Ignore this UnitOp During Calculations check box.
The Ignore the UnitOp During Calculations allows you to disable the
concurrent calculation of intermediate results while you are specifying
data to the PIPESYS extension. Figure 10.7 shows the completed view.
10-8
Figure 10.7
8. Open the Methods tab. Make sure the Gas-based with Liquid and
the Calculate Profile radio buttons are selected as in Figure 10.8.
Figure 10.8
10-9
9. Select the Elevation Profile tab. Here you will define the geometry
and physical characteristics of the pipeline. Enter 0 into the
Distance cell and 2800 into the Elevation cell in the Pipeline
Origin group box.
10. Select the cell in the Pipeline Unit column that reads <empty>.
Then from Edit Bar at the top of the view, select Pipe from the drop
down list, as in Figure 10.9.
A Pipe Unit will be added to the elevation profile matrix and the Pipe
Property View will open.
Figure 10.9
11. Open the Dimensions tab of the Pipe Property View. Select 12
Inches from the Nominal Diameter drop down list. Select 40 from
the Pipe Schedule drop down list. When you are finished these
steps, the Dimensions tab will appear as in Figure10.10.
Figure 10.10
12. Open the Heat Transfer tab of the Pipe Property View. Enter 4 ft for
the Centre Line Depth parameter.
10-10
13. Choose Sandy Soil (Moist) from the drop down list for Soil Type.
Figure 10.11
14. Go to the Pipe Coatings tab of the Pipe Property View. Add a single
layer of insulation consisting of PVC Foam with a thickness of 2
inches. See Figure 10.12 to verify the correctness of your data
entries before pressing the Close button on the Pipe Property View.
Figure 10.12
10-11
15. Complete the specification for the first Pipe Unit by entering 3400
ft into the Distance column and 2880 ft into the Elevation column
of the elevation profile matrix. Figure 10.13 shows the data entry
completed for the first Pipe Unit.
Figure 10.13
Using the Copy and Paste buttons on the Elevation Profile you are able
to copy existing Pipeline Units from the Elevation Profile tab and create
a new Pipeline Unit with identical properties. This saves time when
creating a pipeline consisting of several identical pipe units.
16. Select the Pipe Unit that you want to copy; in this case it is Pipe #1,
and press the Copy button. You will notice that the Paste button,
previously greyed out, becomes active.
17. Select the cell in the Pipeline Unit column with the <empty> label
and press the Paste button. A new Pipe Unit will be added to the
profile. Repeat this procedure twice so that the elevation profile
matrix has a total of four Pipe Units.
10-12
18. Since the Copy and Paste procedure copies only the property view
data for the Pipe Units, you are required to enter the elevation
profile data for the remaining three units. Use the data values
shown in Figure 10.14 to fill in the Distance and Elevation
parameters.
Figure 10.14
19. Open the Stepsize tab of the Main PIPESYS View. Make sure the
For most cases, the PIPESYS Program Defaults radio button is selected, as in Figure 10.15.
default Stepsize and tolerance
values are acceptable for the
Figure 10.15
extension calculations.
10-13
20. Open the Temperature Profile tab of the Main PIPESYS View.
21. Enter 40 F into the Ambient Temperature cell in the Pipeline
Origin group box as shown in Figure 10.16.
Figure 10.16
22. Return to the Connections tab of the Main PIPESYS View. Since
data entry is complete, you can instruct the program to begin
calculations by removing the check in the Ignore this UnitOp
During Calculations check box. After a few seconds, the program
will find a solution and announce success by displaying
Converged on the Object Status at the bottom of the Main
PIPESYS View.
10-14
23. You can view the results for each Pipe Unit on the Results tab on
the Main PIPESYS View. This tab shows pressure losses, fluid
temperatures and liquid holdup for each Pipe Unit. See Figure
10.17.
Figure 10.17
24. You can view more detailed results by pressing the Detail button
on the Results tab. This will bring up the Pipe Segment Results
view which displays a comprehensive array of hydraulic data for
each calculation segment.
25. Check to see if the program encountered any difficulties during the
calculation phase by opening the Messages tab. For this case, there
should have been no difficulties and the tab should read, No
calculation warnings encountered.
26. To open the PFD, press the PFD button on the Button Bar. Right
click anywhere on the PFD view to obtain a pop-up menu.
27. Select Choose Label Variable from the menu and the Select
Variable for PFD Labels dialog box will appear. You can use this
dialog to display a number of process variables right on the PFD.
28. Press the Change Variable button and choose Pressure from the
Choose Label Variable dialog box.
10-15
10-16 Applying a Global Change
29. Press the OK button on the Choose Label Variable dialog box and
the inlet and outlet pressures will be displayed on the PFD. See
Figure 10.18.
Figure 10.18
30. To print the PFD schematic, right click anywhere on the PFD and
select the Print PFD command from the pop-up menu.
10.3 Applying a Global

Change
By using the Global Change feature, you can quickly change the pipe
size for all pipe units and then let PIPESYS recalculate the flow
parameters for the extension.
1. Open the Elevation Profile tab on the Main PIPESYS View, select
the first pipe in the list and press the Global Change button.
2. Select the Dimensions tab. Choose 10 Inches from the Nominal
Diameter drop down list and select 40 from the Pipe Schedule
drop down list.
You should notice that the Change check box beside the Nominal
Diameter drop down list became checked as soon as you made these
changes. This is to notify you that the program is aware that this
parameter has changed and that this change can be duplicated for
other Pipe Units in the pipeline.
10-16
Figure 10.19
3. Press the Apply button on the Global Change property view.

4. The Global Change Dialogue Box will appear. This dialogue box
allows you to specify which Pipe Units will be subject to the
changes. In this case, you are changing all of them, so press the
Select All button (see Figure 10.20) and press the OK button.
Figure 10.20
5. Press the Close button on the Pipe Property view.The changes will
be registered with the program but will not be implemented until
this view is closed.
10-17
10-18 Applying a Global Change
6. The program will immediately start to recalculate for the 10"

diameter. When the Object Status displays Converged, you can
look at the calculated results and compare them with the values
obtained for the 12" pipe.
You have now completed the Gas-Condensate pipeline example. For a

more in-depth exercise in using the PIPESYS Extension, see Gas-
Condensate Gathering System and Optimizing the Gas-Condensate
Gathering System in the PIPESYS Applications Binder.
10-18
PIPESYS Application 1 11-1
11 PIPESYS Application 1
11.1 Gas Condensate Gathering System ......................................................... 3
11.2 Setting up the Flowsheet ........................................................................... 6
11.3 Setting Up the Case.................................................................................... 8

11.3.1 Adding the First PIPESYS Extension ..................................................... 8
11.3.2 The Second PIPESYS Extension......................................................... 12
11.3.3 Adding a Mixer ..................................................................................... 13
11.3.4 The Third PIPESYS Extension............................................................. 14
11.3.5 The Fourth PIPESYS Extension........................................................... 15
11.3.6 The Fifth PIPESYS Extension .............................................................. 16
11.3.7 The Second Mixer ................................................................................ 17
11.3.8 Well Stream Information....................................................................... 18
11.4 Results....................................................................................................... 18
11-1
11-2
11-2
11.1 Gas Condensate

Gathering System
In this PIPESYS Application, the performance of a small gas-
condensate gathering system is modelled. Figure 11.1 shows the
physical configuration of this system superimposed on a topographic
map. The system consists of three wells distributed over an area of
approximately 1.0 square mile connected to a gas plant via a network of
pipelines.
Figure 11.1
Field data shows that the wells are delivering the following rates:
Well A 8.6 MMSCFD
Well B 7.4 MMSCFD
Well C 10.1 MMSCFD
All three wells have the same composition. A residual of all the heavier
components in the condensate has a molecular weight of 122 and a
density of 760 kg/m3. The characteristics of this component will be
accounted for by using the hypothetical component facility in HYSYS.
11-3
11-4 Gas Condensate Gathering System
The compositional analysis of the gas-condensate resulted in the

following information:
Methane 0.623 n-Pentane 0.00405
Ethane 0.280 n-Hexane 0.00659
Propane 0.0163 C7+ 0.00992
i-Butane 0.00433 Nitrogen 0.00554
n-Butane 0.00821 Carbon Dioxide 0.0225
i-Pentane 0.00416 Hydrogen Sulfide 0.0154
Pipe diameters for each of the branches are:
Branch 1 3
Branch 2 3
Branch 3 3
Branch 4 4
Branch 5 6
Schedule 40 steel pipe is used throughout and all branches are buried
at a depth of 3 feet. All pipes are uninsulated.
Elevation data for each of the branches are provided in the following
table. The elevation given for the pipe units is for the endpoint of the
pipe, i.e. the downstream end. Branches that traverse undulating
terrain have been subdivided into a number of segments with elevation
points assigned at locations where there is a significant slope change.
Such locations in the network are labelled on the schematic diagram
with the elevation value in italics. The following table summarizes the
elevation data. For each of the branches, the resulting distance and
elevation data as obtained from the topographic map is listed. With
these data, you can simulate the performance of the given system using
PIPESYS extension and thereby calculate important parameters such as
pressure losses, temperature changes and liquid-holdup amounts as
well as predicting the flow regimes.
Branch Unit Length (ft) Elevation(ft)

Branch 1 Well A n/a 2095
Pipe Unit 1 945 2110
Pipe Unit 2 1110 2089
Pipe Unit 3 1056 2090
11-4
Branch Unit Length (ft) Elevation(ft)

Branch 2 Well B n/a 2015
Pipe Unit 1 2822 2090
Branch 3 Well C n/a 2085
Branch 4 Pipe Unit 1 1167 2077
Branch 5 Pipe Unit 1 2110 1980
In this simple example, the flow rate at each well is specified and is
independent of the flow rate at each of the other wells. In cases such as
this, the system can be modelled with only one pressure drop
determination per branch. Simultaneous pressure and temperature
calculations can be performed if the temperature at each wellhead is
also known.
Figure 11.2 shows the PFD generated by HYSYS for the completed case.
Figure 11.2
Since pressures are continuous throughout the network, the pressure can
be specified at only one point. For instance, the pressure can be fixed at
any one well or at the final delivery point and PIPESYS will compute the
pressure everywhere else. For this application example, a pressure of
1060 psia will be specified for Well A. PIPESYS will then determine the
pressures elsewhere in the network that are consistent with this
specification.
11-5
11-6 Setting up the Flowsheet
Heat transfer calculations should be performed in the direction of flow

whenever possible. Furthermore, wellhead temperatures are generally
known. For this example, the fluid temperatures at wells A, B and C are
known and must be entered as fixed conditions. PIPESYS will then
perform an iterative pipeline calculation in branches where the
upstream temperature and downstream pressure are known.
Temperatures of the blended fluids will be computed on a mass basis
downstream of the junctions of two or more streams.
11.2 Setting up the

Flowsheet
Carry out the following steps to model the gathering system with
PIPESYS:
1. Start HYSYS and create a New case. In the Simulation Basis

For additional information on
Manager, create a fluid package using the Peng Robinson equation
HYSYS views and conventions,
see the HYSYS Reference of state and consisting of the pure components: methane, ethane,
Manual 1, Chapter 1 - propane, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-pentane, hexane,
Interface. nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.
Property Package Pure Components

Peng Robinson C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5,
C6, Nitrogen, CO2, H2S
2. Create a hypothetical component, C7+, with the following user-

defined properties. Add it to the fluid package before entering the
Main Simulation Environment.
Name C7+**
** signifies required input Molecular Weight 122**
Ideal Liquid Density [lb/ft3] 47.45**
3. Open the Workbook and add the 10 Material Streams listed below:
Material Streams Well A, Well B, Well C

PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4, PS5
FS4, FS5
11-6
4. Enter the compositional data for Well A as specified in the

following table:
Methane [mole frac.] 0.623**
Ethane [mole frac.] 0.280**
Propane [mole frac.] 0.0163**
i-Butane [mole frac.] 0.00433**
n-Butane [mole frac.] 0.00821**
i-Pentane [mole frac.] 0.00416**
n-Pentane [mole frac.] 0.00405**
n-Hexane [mole frac.] 0.00659**
C7+ [mole frac.] 0.00992**
Nitrogen [mole frac.] 0.00554**
Carbon Dioxide [mole frac.] 0.0225**
Hydrogen Sulfide [mole frac.] 0.0154**
Because the stream composition is identical over the entire system, the
composition of stream specified for Well A may be copied to streams
Well B and Well C.
5. Use the Define from Other Stream... button on Well Bs stream view
to define its composition by copying the stream specs from Well A.
Repeat for Well C.
6. Now open the Energy Streams page on the Workbook view. Enter
the names of five energy streams:
Energy Streams ES1, ES2, ES3, ES4, ES5
For this case, each of the five branches of the pipeline will be
represented by a separate PIPESYS extension.
11-7
11-8 Setting Up the Case
11.3 Setting Up the Case
11.3.1 Adding the First PIPESYS

Extension
1. Add a PIPESYS Extension to the flowsheet.
2. Complete the Connections page as shown in Figure 11.3.
Figure 11.3
See the PIPESYS Reference

Manual, Chapter 3 - The
PIPESYS View for a
description of all pages in the
main PIPESYS view.
3. On the Elevation Profile page, and enter 0 ft into the Distance cell
and 2095 ft into the Elevation cell.
4. Add the first of three pipe units for this extension on the Elevation
Profile Page. The Pipe Unit view will appear.
11-8
5. On the Dimensions Page of the Pipe Unit view, specify the pipe as
being 3 inches in diameter, schedule 40. The completed page is
shown in Figure 11.4.
Figure 11.4
6. On the Heat Transfer page, click on the Centre Line Depth cell and
press the Default button. All other parameters may be left at their
default values. See Figure 11.5 for the completed form.
Figure 11.5
11-9
7. Close the Pipe Unit view and complete the Elevation Profile page
by entering 945 ft for the Run parameter and 2110 ft for the
Elevation parameter. All other parameters are automatically
calculated, as shown in Figure 11.6:
Figure 11.6
8. Add the remaining 2 pipe units. Because all the pipe units for the
extension have identical properties to Pipe #1, you may use the
Copy and Paste buttons as a time saving measure for adding the
new units.
11-10
9. Complete the elevation profile as shown by adding the Elevation

and Run parameters for all units. (Figure 11.7)
Figure 11.7
10. Go to the Temperature Profile page and enter 40 F in the Ambient

Temperature cell in the Pipeline Origin group box.
Figure 11.8
This completes the first PIPESYS extension for your case.
11-11
11.3.2 The Second PIPESYS

Extension
The second PIPESYS extension consists of a single Pipe Unit.
11. Enter the required information for the second extension as defined
in the following table:
Connections Page Name Branch 2
Inlet Stream Well B
Outlet Stream PS2
Energy Stream ES2
Elevation Profile Distance [ft] 0

Page
Elevation [ft] 2015
Pipeline Unit Pipe #1
Pipe #1 Elevation [ft] 2090
Pipe #1 Run [ft] 2822
Pipe Unit View Nominal Diameter 3

[Inches]
Pipe Schedule 40
Centre Line Depth Default
Temperature Profile Ambient Temperature [F] 40
11-12
11.3.3 Adding a Mixer

For this pipeline configuration, a HYSYS Mixer is used to merge
streams. Other HYSYS operations can be used to merge streams but the
Mixer is the simplest to use and the most suitable for the this example.
12. Add a Mixer to your simulation. Named Junction 1, it is used to

merge streams PS1 and PS2. Figure 11.9 shows the completed
Connections page.
Figure 11.9
More information regarding

HYSYS unite operations is
located in the HYSYS
Reference Manual 2, Chapter
13 - Physical Operations.
13. On the Parameters page of the Mixer, select the Equalize All radio
button in the Automatic Pressure Assignment group box.
Figure 11.10
11-13
11.3.4 The Third PIPESYS

Extension
The third PIPESYS extension you add is used to represent Branch 4. It
consists of a single pipe unit.
14. Enter the data for the third PIPESYS extension as defined in the
following table.
Inlet Stream FS4
Outlet Stream PS4
Energy Stream ES4

Page
Elevation [ft] 2090

[Inches]
Pipe Schedule 40
11-14
11.3.5 The Fourth PIPESYS

Extension
Branch 3 of this pipeline system is represented by the fourth PIPESYS
extension. Three Pipe Units in the elevation profile matrix correctly
characterize the changes in elevation occurring over the length of the
pipeline.
To save time, add and define 15. The following table contains the information required to complete
Pipe #1 and then use the Copy the fourth PIPESYS extension:
and Paste buttons to create
Pipe #2 and Pipe #3.
Inlet Stream Well C
Outlet Stream PS3
Energy Stream ES3

Page
Elevation [ft] 2125
Pipe #2Run [ft] 334
Pipe Unit View (All Nominal Diameter 3

Pipe Units Identical) [Inches]
Pipe Schedule 40
11-15
11.3.6 The Fifth PIPESYS

Extension
The fifth and final PIPESYS extension for this case represents Branch 5
of the pipeline system. In this segment, the total gas flows from Wells A,
B and C are merged and the endpoint of the extension is the gas plant.
16. Enter the information for the final extension as defined in the
following table:
Inlet Stream FS5
Outlet Stream PS5
Energy Stream ES5

Page
Elevation [ft] 2090

[Inches]
Pipe Schedule 40
11-16
11.3.7 The Second Mixer

A second Mixer merges the streams from Branches 3 and 4 with the
outlet stream entering Branch 5.
17. Add a Mixer named Junction 2 to your simulation. Inlet streams for
the mixer are PS3 and PS4 and the outlet stream is FS5. See Figure
11.11 for the completed Connections Page:
Figure 11.11
18. On the Parameters page of the Mixer, select the Equalize All radio
button in the Automatic Pressure Assignment group box.
11-17
11-18 Results
11.3.8 Well Stream Information

To finish the case and have PIPESYS complete the calculation, the
following stream parameters for the wells are required.
19. Finish specifying streams Well A, Well B and Well C with following
data:
Well A Temperature [F] 105
Pressure [psia] 1060
Molar Flow [MMSCFD] 8.6
Well B Temperature [F] 115
Well C Temperature [F] 110
20. Save your case as network.hsc.
11.4 Results
1. Go to the Material Streams page of the main Workbook. The
results calculated for the product streams should appear as
follows:
Figure 11.12
To optimize the performance of the gas-condensate gathering system

created in this example, see PIPESYS Application 2: Optimization
Application.
11-18
12 PIPESYS Application 2
12.1 Optimization Application ........................................................................... 3
12-1
12-2
12-2
12.1 Optimization
Application
Optimizing the Gas Condensate Gathering System
This application is a continuation of the Application 1: Gas-
Condensate Gathering System, in which you modelled the
performance of a small gas-condensate gathering system given fixed
wellhead rates and plant delivery requirements. As the next step, you
will attempt to increase production from the wells by adding a
compressor to the fifth PIPESYS extension. Using supplied wellhead
performance curves, the effect of lowering the pressure at the
wellheads will be gauged in terms of the resulting increased flow rates.
Figure 12.1 shows the completed PFD for the completed Application.
Figure 12.1
You must complete the Gas- 1. Start HYSYS and load the case file network.hsc that you saved upon
Condensate Gathering completion of the Gas-Condensate Gathering System of the first
System Application before you part of this application exercise.
are able to begin work on this
application.
The first modification you make will be to add an ADJUST operation.
The adjust will be used to maintain a constant pressure of 1000 psia at
the Gas Plant with the pressure at Well A being the adjusted variable.
12-3
12-4 Optimization Application
2. Add an ADJUST operation with the following specifications.
Name Adjust
Adjusted Variable - Object Well A
Adjusted Variable - Variable Pressure
Target Variable - Object PS5
Target Variable - Variable Pressure
Specified Target Variable 1000 psia
Method Secant
Tolerance 0.10 psi
Step Size 100 psi
Max. Iter. 25
3. Press the Start button at the bottom of the Adjust property view to
begin the adjust calculations. HYSYS will require several minutes
to reach a solution. This is because the entire PIPESYS network
must be recalculated for each iteration.
Upon convergence, the well pressures should be:
Well Pressure (psia)
A 1093
B 1077
C 1052
The next step will be to add an in-line compressor at the upstream end
of PIPESYS Branch 5. If this addition reduces the pressure at the wells to
an extent that production can be significantly increased, then the
additional cost of the compressor is justifiable. It is also useful to look at
the incremental performance increase of a larger compressor in order
to get a feel for sizing the compressor. The performance of a 1000 hp
compressor to that of a 750 hp compressor will be compared for this
application.
See the PIPESYS Manual,
Chapter 7 - In-line 4. Add a Compressor to the upstream end of the PIPESYS extension
Compressor for more Branch 5. To do so, open the Elevation Profile page of Branch 5,
information on adding and click on the Pipe Unit and the select the Compressor from the Edit
defining compressor
Bar drop-down list.
parameters.
12-4
Figure 12.2 shows the Elevation Profile Page of Branch 5 with the added
in-line compressor.
Figure 12.2
The performance of the 1000 hp compressor will be evaluated first.
Figure 2.3 shows the in-line compressor Connections page:
Figure 12.3
12-5
5. Use the following information to complete the Compressor

Property view. On the Parameters page:
Brake Power - Specified 1000 hp
Max. Discharge Temp 100 F
Max. Interstage Temp 100 F
Number of Stages 2
Adiabatic Efficiency 0.73
Interstage delta P 10 psi
On the Mechanical Losses Page:
Overall Efficiency 0.95
Once again, the solution process will require several minutes to

perform the iterative calculation for the PIPESYS network and
converge.
When the process is complete, the well pressures should be as follows:
A 686.7
B 655.5
C 619.5
To compare the performance between two compressors, the same

calculations are repeated using a 750 hp compressor.
6. Change the 1000 hp parameter in the Specified cell of the Brake

Power group box to 750 hp.
When the HYSYS completes the iteration, the new pressures are:
A 753.2
B 726.3
C 693.5
12-6
The PIPESYS calculations indicate that when a 1000 hp compressor is

used the wellhead pressure is lower than when a 750 hp compressor is
used. However, this may not result in an economically significant
higher production rate, especially if these pressures are located on the
steeper region of the wellhead performance curve. Figures 12.4, 12.5
and 12.6 at the end of this application show the wellhead performance
curves for Well A, Well B and Well C, respectively. These curves can be
used to evaluate compressor size that would be most economical for
use in a particular pipeline network.
Locate 686.7 psia and 753.2 psia on the Well A wellhead curve and you
should find that these correspond to flows of 11.1 MMSCFD and 10.8
MMSCFD respectively. This indicates that the 1000 hp compressor
would increase production by less than 5%, over that of the 750 hp
compressor. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that adding
compression to the system is worthwhile since both compressors lower
the wellhead pressures by a large amount, but the small increase in
production may not be enough to justify the choice of the 1000 hp
compressor. For this example, assume that economic and engineering
considerations favour installing the 750 hp compressor.
In steps 4 through 6 it was determined that compression would

significantly improve production and that the 750 hp compressor is the
better candidate for doing so. Now you must find the actual flow rates
and wellhead pressures that correspond to having the compressor in
the system. This will be a process of adjusting the flow rates at each of
the wells to manually converge on a particular point on the wellhead
curves.
7. Locate the flow rates on the wellhead performance curves that

correspond to the pressures calculated in Step 6. Reading from the
curves these should be:
Well Pressure (psia) Flow (MMSCFD)
A 753.2 10.8
B 726.3 9.6
C 693.5 12.4
8. Press the Stop button and enter the flow rates from the above table
into the stream data for the wells. Specify the a value of 10.8
MMSCFD for the Molar Flow of Well A. Similarly, enter the flow
rates for Well B and Well C.
9. Press the Go button and let PIPESYS complete the iterations.
12-7
When the program is finished solving the network, the new well
pressures calculated by PIPESYS should be:
A 868.5
B 838.0
C 783.0
10. Find the flow rates that correspond to these pressures from the
wellhead curves. These values should be:
Well Flow (MMSCFD)
A 10.3
B 9.0
C 11.9
11. Once again, press the Stop button and enter the flow rates from
Step 11 into the well stream data as you did in Step 9.
12. Press the Go button. When the program is finished, the well
pressures should read:
A 842.5
B 810.9
C 763.8
You will find that the flow rate and pressure for Wells B and C are close
enough to the curves and can consider these to be a valid solution.
However, the point 10.3 MMSCFD and 844.5 psia on the Well A
Wellhead Performance curve is still some distance from the graph. You
will need to do one or two more iterations to find the solution.
13. Find the flow rate on the Well A curve that corresponds to 844.5
psia, (this should be 10.5 MMSCFD). Press the Stop button and
enter 10.5 into the flow rate parameter for the Well A stream.
12-8
14. Press the Go button. When the program is finished, pressures at

the wells should be:
A 849.0
B 813.1
C 765.3
Now the pressure/flow rate for Well A is reasonably close to the curve.
The pressures for B and C have changed a little but not significantly
from the last iteration. Fortunately, the pressure at a given well is fairly
insensitive to pressure changes at any of the other wells. This process
can be repeated to obtain a solution of any arbitrary precision subject
to the limits imposed by the computer, but this solution is accurate
enough for further analysis.
Compression has increased flow rates by a considerable amount:
Well Flow Without Flow With Compression

Compression (MMSCFD) (MMSCFD)
A 8.6 10.5
B 7.4 9.0
C 10.1 11.9
The engineering analysis shows that adding the compressor increased

production by about 20% at each of the wells. These results can be used
in an economic study to further examine the value of adding
compression to the pipeline system.
12-9
Figure 12.4
12-10
Figure 12.5
12-11
Figure 12.6
12-12
Glossary of Terms 13-1
13 Glossary of Terms
13.1 PIPESYS Terms .......................................................................................... 3
13.2 References .................................................................................................. 6
13.3 PIPESYS Methods and Correlations......................................................... 9

13.3.1 For Horizontal and Inclined Flow............................................................ 9
13.3.2 For Vertical and Near Vertical Upflow and Downflow........................... 10
13-1
13-2
13-2
13.1 PIPESYS Terms

absolute roughness: The effective roughness of a pipe, used in
calculating the frictional pressure loss caused by fluid flow shear with
the pipe wall. This quantity is assigned a value derived from a sand
particle size such that a perfectly smooth pipe internally coated with
sand particles of that size experiences a frictional pressure loss per unit
length identical to that in the actual pipe, all other parameters being
equal.
actual gas velocity: The velocity that is obtained when the in situ
volumetric gas flow rate is divided by the cross sectional area of the
pipe that is occupied by the gas
brake power: The power required to operate a compressor, including all

losses experienced during gas compression and all mechanical losses.
component: All physical units that make up a pipeline. Has the same
meaning as the term Pipeline Units.
elevation profile: A two-dimensional coordinate scheme for defining

the path followed by a pipeline as it traverses its route. The elevation
profile models the actual pipeline geometry as a series of connected
straight-line segments, the end points of which are defined by
horizontal and vertical displacement values.
gas power: The power required to operate a compressor, neglecting all

mechanical losses.
in-line facility: Equipment used to handle or affect the fluid flow

through a pipeline. Compressors, pumps, heaters and coolers are
examples of in-line facilities.
inside film: The layer of fluid adjacent to the pipe inside wall (i.e. the
boundary layer). The inside film is assumed to account for all resistance
to heat transfer between the flowing fluid and the pipe wall.
inside film coefficient: A measure of the resistance to heat transfer

between the fluid and the pipe wall due to convection effects.
Main PIPESYS View: The interface window to all of the user-definable

characteristics of a PIPESYS extension. It is used to choose methods,
add Pipeline Units, specify temperatures, and examine results.
mixture density: The density of a multiphase fluid mixture calculated

as a volume weighted average of the gas and liquid densities.
13-3
13-4 PIPESYS Terms
mixture velocity: The average velocity of a multiphase fluid mixture

calculated as the sum of the gas and liquid superficial velocities.
pig launcher: The point in a pipeline at which pigs are introduced into
the fluid. stream.
pigging slug: The accumulation of liquid that builds up in front of a pig

as it moves through a pipeline. In PIPESYS, the volume of the pigging
slug is calculated to be the total initial volume of liquid in the pipeline
(at steady state conditions), less the amount of liquid that flows out of
the line during the transit time for the pig.
Pipe Unit: A straight-line segment of pipe connecting two points on an

elevation profile. It is further defined by data such as diameter,
roughness, heat transfer characteristics and environmental conditions.
Pipeline Origin: The location of the beginning of a pipeline. Vertical

and horizontal coordinate values establish the physical location of the
Pipeline Origin. These values are entered on the Elevation Profile page
of the Main PIPESYS View, into the Distance and Elevation cells in the
Pipeline Origin group box.
Pipeline Unit: This is an all-inclusive term that is used to refer to both

Pipe Units and in-line facilities. All the physical units that make up a
pipeline are referred to as Pipeline Units. This term can be used
interchangeably with the term components.
relative roughness: The ratio of absolute roughness to the inside

diameter of the pipe.
resistance coefficient: A dimensionless constant used to specify a

pressure loss as a number of velocity heads.
step size: The initial length of pipe over which the pressure and/or
temperature and/or enthalpy changes are computed for a Pipe Unit. If
the computed change exceeds the maximum allowed in a step, then the
length is shortened. When the optimizer option is selected the length of
pipe for the calculation step will be increased if the computed change is
less than the minimum specified. This length is further constrained by
a minimum and maximum step size. If the software attempts
calculation for a length of pipe smaller than the minimum step size, the
calculations are terminated and a warning message issued.
superficial gas velocity: The volumetric gas rate divided by the total
cross-sectional area of the pipe.
13-4
superficial liquid velocity: The volumetric liquid rate divided by the

total cross-sectional area of the pipe.
theoretical power: The power required to operate a compressor

assuming zero compression losses and an absence of mechanical
losses.
velocity head: The portion of the total head of a fluid flow attributable
to the velocity of the fluid. The velocity head is directly related to the
kinetic energy component in the Bernoulli equation and is given by:
2
V
------

where: V = fluid velocity

= fluid density
13-5
13-6 References
13.2 References
American Petroleum Institute, Subsurface Controlled Subsurface
Safety Valve Sizing Computer Program,API Manual 14BM, Second Ed.,
p. 38, API, Jan. (1978)
American Petroleum Institute, Technical Data Book - Petroleum

Refining, API, New York (1982)
Aziz, K., Govier, G.W., and Fogarasi, M.,Pressure Drop in Wells

Producing Oil and Gas, J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Vol. 11, p. 38, July
(1972)
Baker, O.Simultaneous Flow of Oil and Gas, Oil Gas J., Vol. 54, No. 12,
p. 185, Jul. (1954)
Baker, O.Experience with Two-Phase Pipelines, Can. Oil Gas Ind., Vol.
14, No. 3, p. 43, Mar. (1961)
Beggs, H.D., and Brill, J.P.A Study of Two-Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes,
J. Petrol. Technol., p. 607, May (1973)
Bendiksen, K.H., Maines, D., Moe, R., and Nuland, S.,The Dynamic
Two Fluid Model OLGA: Theory and Application, SPE Paper No. 19451,
SPE Prod. Eng., May (1991)
Burke, N.E., and Kashou, S.F.,History Matching of a North Sea Flowline

Startup Using OLGA Transient Multiphase Flow Simulator, SPE Paper
No. 24789, Presented at the 67th Annual SPE Technical Conference and
Exhibition, Washington, DC, October (1992)
Chen, N.H., An Explicit Equation for Friction Factor in Pipe, Ind. Eng.
Chem. Fund., Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 296 (1979)
Dukler, A.E., Wicks, M., and Cleveland, R., Frictional Pressure Drop in
Two-Phase Flow: B. An Approach Through Similarity Analysis, AIChE
J., Vol. 10, No. 1, p. 44, Jan. (1964)
Dukler, A.E., Gas-Liquid Flow in Pipelines, Monograph, Project NX-

28, AGA/API, May (1969)
Duns, H., Jr., and Ros, N., Vertical Flow of Gas and Liquid Mixtures in
Wells, Paper No. 22, Section II, World Petrol. Conf., Frankfurt, Germany
(1963)
13-6
Eaton, B.A., Andrews, D.E., Knowles, C.R., Silberberg, I.H., and Brown,
K.E.,The Prediction of Flow Patterns, Liquid Holdup and Pressure
Losses Occurring During Continuous Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal
Pipelines", J. Petrol. Technol., p. 815, Jun. (1967)
Flanking, O., Effect of Uphill Flow on Pressure Drop in Design of Two-

Phase Gathering Systems, Oil Gas J., p. 132, Mar.10 (1958)
Fuchs, P.,The Pressure Limit for Terrain Slugging, Paper B.4, Proc. of
the 3rd Int. Conf. on Multiphase Flow, BHRA, The Hague, Netherlands
(1987)
Govier, G.W., and Aziz, K.,The Flow of Complex Mixtures in Pipes, Van
Nostrand-Reinhold, (1972), reprinted by Robert E. Krieger Publishing
Co., Huntingdon, New York (1977)
Govier, G.W., and Fogarasi, M.,Pressure Drop in Wells Producing Gas

and Condensate, J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Oct. (1975)
Gregory, G.A.,Estimation of the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for

Calculating Heat Loss/Gain in Flowing Wells, Technical Note No. 4,
Neotechnology Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Canada, Mar. (1991)
Gregory, G.A., Mandhane, J., and Aziz, K.Some Design Considerations

for Two-Phase Flow in Pipes, J. Can. Petrol. Technol., Jan.-Mar. (1975)
Gregory, G.A.,Comments on the Prediction of Minimum Unloading

Velocities for Wet Gas Wells, Technical Note No. 14, Neotechnology
Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Canada, Dec. (1989)
Gregory, G.A.,Estimation of the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for

the Calculation of Pipeline Heat Loss/Gain, Technical Note No.3,
Neotechnology Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Canada, Oct. (1984), 1st Rev.
Sept. (1990), 2nd Rev. Mar. (1991)
Hooper, W.B., The Two-K Method Predicts Heat Losses in Pipe

Fittings, Chem.Eng., p. 96, Aug. 24 (1981)
Hughmark, G.A., Holdup and Heat Transfer in Horizontal Slug Gas-

Liquid Flow, Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol 20, p. 1007 (1965)
Hughmark, G.A.Holdup in Gas-Liquid Flow, Chem. Eng. Prog., Vol. 58,

No. 4, p. 62, Apr. (1962)
13-7
13-8 References
Lockhart, R.W., and Martinelli, R.C.Proposed Correlation of Data for

Isothermal Two-Phase, Two-Component Flow in Pipes, Chem. Eng.
Prog., Vol. 45, No. 1, p. 39, Jan. (1949)
Mandhane, J., Gregory, G., and Aziz, K., A Flow Pattern Map for Gas-
Liquid Flow in Horizontal Pipes, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, Vol. 1, p. 537
(1974)
Mandhane, J.M., Gregory, G.A., and Aziz, K., Critical Evaluation of

Friction Pressure-Drop Prediction Methods for Gas-Liquid Flow in
Horizontal Pipes, J. Petrol. Technol., p. 1348, Oct. (1977)
Mukherjee, H., and Brill, J.P., Liquid Holdup Correlations for Inclined
Two-Phase Flow, J. Petrol. Technol., p. 1003, May (1983)
Oliemans, R.V.A., Two-Phase Flow in Gas-Transmission Pipelines,

Paper No. 76-Pet-25, Joint Petrol. Mech. Eng. & Pressure Vessels and
Piping Conf., Mexico City, Mexico, Sept. (1976)
Oliemans, R.V.A., Modelling of Gas-Condensate Flow in Horizontal

and Inclined Pipes, Proc., ASME Pipeline Eng. Symp., ETCE, p. 73,
Dallas, Texas, Feb. (1987)
Pots, B.F.M., Bromilow, I.G., and Konijn, M.J.W.F., Severe Slug Flow in
Offshore Flowline/Riser Systems, SPE Prod. Eng., p. 319, Nov. (1987)
Salama, M.M and Venkatesh, E.S., Evaluation of API RP 14E Erosional

Velocity Limitations for Offshore Gas Wells, Paper No. OTC 4485,
presented at the 15th Annual Offshore Technology Conference,
Houston, May (1983)
Singh, B., and Gregory, G.A., unpublished work (1983)
Taitel, Y., and Dukler, A. A Model for Predicting Flow Regime

Transitions in Horizontal and Near Horizontal Gas-Liquid Flow, AIChE
J., Vol. 22, No. 1, p. 47, Jan. (1976)
Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co., private communication (1979)
13-8
13.3 PIPESYS Methods and

Correlations
13.3.1 For Horizontal and Inclined

Flow
Flow Regime Prediction Methods

Beggs and Brill (1973)
Beggs and Brill Revised (1977)
Mandhane, Gregory and Aziz (1974)
Mandhane, Gregory and Aziz Alternate (1974)
Govier and Aziz (1972)
Baker (1954)
Taitel and Dukler (1976)
OLGAS (1994)
Liquid Holdup Prediction Methods

Oliemans Mechanistic Model (1987)
Hughmark (1962)
Dukler (1969)
Eaton et al (1967)
Lockhart and Martinelli (1949)
OLGAS (1994)
Frictional Loss Prediction Methods

Oliemans Mechanistic Model (1987)
Beggs and Brill Rough Pipe (1973)
Oliemans (1976)
Lockhart and Martinelli (1949)
Dukler et al (1964)
Dukler et al Rough Pipe (1964)
OLGAS (1994)
13-9
13-10 PIPESYS Methods and Correlations
Uphill Corrections
Beggs and Brill Liquid Holdup Correction
Flanigan Head Correction Factor
Tennessee Gas Head Factor
Singh and Gregory Head Factor
13.3.2 For Vertical and Near

Vertical Upflow and
Downflow
Flow Regime Prediction Methods

Govier and Aziz (1972)
OLGAS (1994)
Gregory et al (1989)
Liquid Holdup Prediction Methods

Aziz, Govier and Fogarasi (1972)
OLGAS (1994)
Frictional Loss Prediction Methods

Aziz, Govier and Fogarasi (1972)
Beggs and Brill Rough Pipe (1973)
OLGAS (1994)
13-10
Index
A Connections Page 9-5

Parameters 9-5
Above Ground Pipe 5-5
Parameters Page 9-5
Absolute Roughness 5-5
Cut and Paste Functions 3-16
Activate Curve 8-5
Adiabatic Efficiency 7-6 D
Air Parameters 5-7
Default Methods
Angle 3-15
Changing 3-12
Attached Streams 3-10
Default Roughness 5-4
B Disabling PIPESYS 3-10
Discharge Pressure 7-5
Brake Power 7-5, 8-4
Distance 3-15
Buried Pipe 5-5
Parameters 5-7 E
C Elevation 3-15
Elevation Profile
Calculate Temperature Profile 3-24
Defining 4-5
Calculation Methods
Entering 3-15
Horizontal and Inclined Flow 13-9
Parameters 3-15
Vertical and Near Vertical Upflow and Downflow
Elevation Profile Page 3-13
13-10
Erosion Velocity Check 9-16
Calculation Warnings 3-28
Connections Page 9-17
Compressor 7-1
Limiting Velocity Equation 9-16, 9-17
Actual Losses 7-11
Max. Allowable Velocity 9-16
Results Page 9-18
Curve Page 7-7
Exponent of Gas Power 7-11 F
Manipulating Curve Data 7-8
Features 3-3
Mechanical Losses Page 7-10
Fittings 9-9
Optional Constraints 7-6
Absolute Roughness 9-10
Overall Efficiency 7-11
Parameters 7-6
Inside Diameter 9-10
Parameters Page 7-4
Parameters Page 9-9
Power Balance 7-10
Fluid Systems 3-12
Requirements Page 7-11
Fluid Temperature Options 3-13, 3-24
Results Page 7-12
Force Enthalpy Convergence 3-20
Compressor. See In-line Compressor
Connections Page 3-10 G
Cooler 9-4
Gas-Based Fluid Systems 3-12
I-11
I-12
Global Change 3-17, 6-1 N

Example 6-9
Nominal Diameter 5-4
Procedure 6-7
Number of Stages 7-6
Global Change View
Connections Page 6-4 O
Dimensions Page 6-5
Heat Transfer Page 6-6 Outside Diameter 5-4
Pipe Coatings 6-6 P
Graphs Pig Launcher 4-8, 9-12
Graph Control 3-28 Pigging Slug Size Check 9-11
Plot Button 3-27 Connections Page 9-12
Printing 3-27 Results Page 9-12
Pipe Coatings Page 5-8
H Pipe Conductivity 5-6, 5-7
Heat Capacity Ratio 7-7 Pipe Schedule 5-4
Heat Transfer Environments 5-5 Pipe Segment Results 3-25
Heater 9-3 Pipe Unit
Connections Page 9-3 Adding 5-9
Parameters Page 9-3 Connections Page 5-3
Hooper K1 & Hooper K2 9-10 Dimensions 5-4
Dimensions Page 5-3
I Global Change 6-3
Heat Transfer Page 5-5
Ignoring PIPESYS 3-10
View 5-1
In-line Compressor
Pipeline Origin 3-13
Adding 7-12, 7-13
Pipeline Units 3-3, 3-14
In-line Compressor. See Compressor.
PIPESYS and HYSYS
In-line Pump. See Pump.
Adding PIPESYS 3-4
Inside Diameter 5-4
Property Views 3-9
Inside Film Coefficient 5-6
PIPESYS Methods and Correlations 13-9
Installation 2-1, 2-4
Plots. See Graphs.
Interstage deltaP 7-7
Polytropic Compressor 7-5
Isentropic Compressor 7-5
Polytropic Efficiency 7-6
L Pump 8-1
Length 3-15
Curve Page 8-5
Liquid-Based Fluid Systems 3-12
Discharge Pressure 8-5
M Fluid Power 8-4
Parameters Page 8-3
Main PIPESYS View 2-6, 3-3, 3-9 Specified Discharge Pressure 8-5
Max Discharge Pressure 7-6 Pump Efficiency 8-4
Max Discharge Temperature 7-6
Max Interstage Temperature 7-6 R
Max Power 7-6
Rating Factor 7-7
Messages Page 3-28
References 13-6
Methods Page 3-11
Regulator 9-8
Minimum Allowed Pressure 3-20
Parameters Page 9-8
I-12
Index I-13
Relative Roughness 5-5

Reports
HYSYS Report Manager 3-26
Neotec Maxi Report 3-27
Neotec Mini Report 3-27
Printing Reports 3-27
Report Builder 3-26
Requirements
Software 2-3
System 2-3
Results Page 3-25
Rise 3-15
Run 3-15
S
Severe Slugging Check 9-13
Results Page 9-15
Soil Parameters 5-7
Stepsize Optimizer 3-19
Stepsize Page 3-18
Submerged Pipe 5-5
Suction Pressure 8-5
T
Technical Support 1-8
Temperature Profile Page 3-23
U
Unit-X 9-6
Parameters Page 9-7
User Interface 3-8
V
Valve Coefficient 9-10
Velocity Heads 9-10
W
Wall Thickness 5-4
Warranty 1-7
Water Parameters 5-7
Worksheet Page 3-11
I-13
I-14
I-14

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Version 1.

No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval

2001 Hyprotech Ltd. All rights reserved.

HYSYS, HYSYS.Plant, HYSYS.Process, HYSYS.Refinery, HYSYS.Concept, HYSYS.OTS,

Microsoft Windows, Windows 95/98, Windows NT and Windows 2000 are

Detailed information on accessing Hyprotech Technical Support can be found in the

2 Installation ....................................................... 2-1

3 The PIPESYS View ........................................... 3-1

4 Elevation Profile -Quick Start ......................... 4-1

5 Pipe Unit View .................................................. 5-1

6 Global Change Feature..................................... 6-1

8 In-line Pump...................................................... 8-1

9 In-line Facility Options ..................................... 9-1

10 Gas-Condensate Tutorial ............................... 10-1

11 PIPESYS Application 1 ................................... 11-1

12 PIPESYS Application 2 ................................... 12-1

13 Glossary of Terms .......................................... 13-1

1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3

1.2 How This Manual Is Organized ................................................................... 5

1.3 Disclaimer ..................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Copyright ...................................................................................................... 6

1.6 Warranty ........................................................................................................ 7

1.7 Technical Support ........................................................................................ 8

PIPESYS has far-reaching capabilities to accurately and powerfully

rigorously model single phase and multiphase flows

determine the possibility of increasing capacity in existing

A wide variety of correlations and mechanistic models are used in

compute the pressure profile using an arbitrarily defined

Users familiar with HYSYS will recognise a similar logical worksheet

1.2 How This Manual Is

Neither Neotec nor Hyprotech make any representations or warranties

obtained through the use of the software or any disks, documentation

This program is protected by a hardware security device (Security Key).

PIPESYSTM and PIPEFLOTM are trademarks of Neotechnology

MSDOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft

Neotec and Hyprotech hereby agree to grant you a nonexclusive license

The program is intended for use by a qualified engineer. Consequently

1.7 Technical Support

answers to frequently asked questions

Your full name, company, phone and fax numbers.

1.7.1 Technical Support Centres

Barcelona, Spain (Rest of Europe)

Oxford, UK (UK clients only)

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

1-10 Technical Support

Newark, DE, USA Houston, TX, USA

Oxford, UK Barcelona, Spain

Oudenaarde, Belgium Dsseldorf, Germany

Hovik, Norway Cairo, Egypt

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Seoul, Korea

2.1 System Requirements.................................................................................. 3

2.2 Software Requirements ............................................................................... 3

2.3 Installing PIPESYS ....................................................................................... 4

2.1 System Requirements

System Component Requirement

2.3 Installing PIPESYS

2.3.1 PIPESYS Extension

1. Shut down all other operating Windows programs on the computer

3. From the Start Menu, select Run