The document describes screening criteria for various enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods including waterflooding, miscible gas flooding using CO2 injection, and miscible gas flooding using hydrocarbon injection. It provides tables listing recommended parameter ranges for different EOR techniques related to oil properties, reservoir properties, and operating conditions. The techniques aim to improve oil recovery efficiency through mechanisms like gas drive, viscosity reduction, and swelling of oil. Key considerations include mobility control, compatibility with formation, and economic feasibility.
The document describes screening criteria for various enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods including waterflooding, miscible gas flooding using CO2 injection, and miscible gas flooding using hydrocarbon injection. It provides tables listing recommended parameter ranges for different EOR techniques related to oil properties, reservoir properties, and operating conditions. The techniques aim to improve oil recovery efficiency through mechanisms like gas drive, viscosity reduction, and swelling of oil. Key considerations include mobility control, compatibility with formation, and economic feasibility.
Original Description:
eor, teknik perminyakan, tertieary recovery, petroleum engineering, enhanced oil recovery
The document describes screening criteria for various enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods including waterflooding, miscible gas flooding using CO2 injection, and miscible gas flooding using hydrocarbon injection. It provides tables listing recommended parameter ranges for different EOR techniques related to oil properties, reservoir properties, and operating conditions. The techniques aim to improve oil recovery efficiency through mechanisms like gas drive, viscosity reduction, and swelling of oil. Key considerations include mobility control, compatibility with formation, and economic feasibility.
The document describes screening criteria for various enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods including waterflooding, miscible gas flooding using CO2 injection, and miscible gas flooding using hydrocarbon injection. It provides tables listing recommended parameter ranges for different EOR techniques related to oil properties, reservoir properties, and operating conditions. The techniques aim to improve oil recovery efficiency through mechanisms like gas drive, viscosity reduction, and swelling of oil. Key considerations include mobility control, compatibility with formation, and economic feasibility.
4 Screening FLUID Pre-POD SAMPLING EOR ? Fluid Analysis (Lab. Work) Economic EOR STUDY PVT Chemical Selection Evaluation PROJECT Fluid-Fluid comp. Fluid-Rock Comp. MANAGEMENT Core Flooding Process& Slim Tube Facilities Design ? PVT (Region) Modeling Reservoir simulation G&G Production ? (Region) Modeling Analysis 5 Fault Seal Table 1 EOR Screening Technical Criterias2,3,9 Recommended Range Properties N2 CO2 In Situ Combustion Steam Injection Gravity, API > 35 > 22 10 to 27 8 to 25 Viscosity, cp < 0.4 < 10 < 5,000 <100,000 Not Critical but some High percentage of light High percentage of intermediate Some asphaltic components to aid Composition light ends for steam hydrocarbons hydrocarbons (especially C5 to C12) coke deposition distillation will help Oil Saturation, % PV > 40 > 20 > 50 > 40 Sandstone or carbonate with few Sand or sandstone with Sandstone or carbonate with few Sand or sandstone with high Type of formation fractures and high permeability high porosity and fractures and high permeability streaks porosity streaks permeability Relatively thin unless formation is Relatively thin unless formation is Net Thickness > 10 > 20 dipping dipping Not critical if sufficient injection rate Average Permeability, mD Not critical > 50 > 200 can be maintained For miscible displacement, depth must Depth, ft > 6000 < 11,500 < 5,000 be great enough Temperature, F Not critical Not Critical > 100 Not Critical
Recommended Range Properties Polymer Micellar, ASP, and Alkaline Surfactant Microbial Gravity, API > 15 > 20 > 20 > 15 < 150 (preferably <100 and Viscosity, cp < 35 < 100 Not Critical >10) Light intermediate which contain Composition Not Critical Not Critical Not Critical organic acid to achieve lower IFT Oil Saturation, % PV > 50 > 35 > 35 > 25 Sandstone preferred but can be Type of formation Sandstone prefered Sandstone Not Critical used in carbonate Net Thickness, ft Not critical Not critical Not critical Not Critical Average Permeability, mD > 10 > 10 > 40 > 50 md Depth, ft < 9000 < 9000 < 6000 < 8000 Temperature, F <200 to minimize degradation < 200 < 200 < 160 Waterflooding Waterflooding Description Most widely used post-primary recovery method Water injected in patterns or along the periphery Mechanisms That Improve Recovery Efficiency Water drive Limitations High oil viscosities - higher mobility ratios Heterogeneity such as stratification, permeability contrast, and fracturing can reduce sweep efficiency Challenges Poor compatibility between injected water and reservoir may cause formation damage Subsurface fluid control to divert injected water and shut off undesirable produced fluids Waterflooding
Screening Parameters Gravity > 25 API Viscosity < 30 cp Composition not critical Oil saturation > 10% mobile oil Formation type sandstone / carbonate Net thickness not critical Average permeability not critical (usually >10md) Transmissibility not critical Depth not critical Temperature not critical Miscible Gas Flooding (CO2 Injection) CO2 Injection Water Separation and Production Well Injection Well Injection Storage Facilities From Pump Pipeline or Recycle
4 3 2 1
1 Waterflood Sor 2 Oil 3 CO2 and Water 4 Drive
Bank/Miscible Zone Water Front Miscible Gas Flooding (CO2 Injection)
Description
Consists of injecting large quantities of CO2 (15%
or more hydrocarbon pore volumes) in reservoir to form a miscible flood
Mechanisms That Improve Recovery Efficiency
CO2 extracts the light-to-intermediate components
from the oil, and, if pressure is high enough, develops miscibility to displace oil from reservoir (vaporizing gas drive)
Viscosity reduction / oil swelling
Miscible Gas Flooding (CO2 Injection) Limitations Very low viscosity of CO2 results in poor mobility control Availability of CO2 Challenges Early breakthrough of CO2 causes problems Corrosion in producing wells Necessity of separating CO2 from saleable hydrocarbons Repressuring CO2 for recycling Large requirement of CO2 per incremental barrel produced Miscible Gas Flooding (CO2 Injection)
Screening Parameters Gravity > 27 API Viscosity < 10 cp Composition C5 - C20 (C5 - C12) Oil saturation > 30% PV Formation type sandstone / carbonate Net thickness relatively thin Average permeability not critical Transmissibility not critical Depth > 2,300 feet Temperature < 250 F Miscible Gas Flooding (Hydrocarbon Injection) HC Gas Injection Water Separation and Production Well Injection Well Injection Storage Facilities From Pump Pipeline or Recycle
4 3 2 1
2 Oil Bank / 3 HC and Water 4 Drive
1 Waterflood Sor Water Miscible Front Zone Miscible Gas Flooding (Hydrocarbon Injection)
Description
Consists of injecting light hydrocarbons through
reservoir to form a miscible flood
Mechanisms That Improve Recovery Efficiency
Viscosity reduction / oil swelling / condensing or
vaporizing gas drive Miscible Gas Flooding (Hydrocarbon Injection) Limitations Minimum depth is set by pressure needed to maintain generated miscibility Ranges from about 1,200 psi for LPG process to 3,000- 5,000 psi for High Pressure Gas Drive, depending on the oil Steeply dipping formation is very desirable - permits gravity stabilization of displacement that normally has an unfavorable mobility ratio Challenges Viscous fingering results in poor vertical and horizontal sweep efficiency Large quantities of expensive products required Solvent may be trapped and not recovered Miscible Gas Flooding (Hydrocarbon Injection) Screening Parameters Gravity > 27 API Viscosity < 10 cp Composition C2 - C7 Oil saturation > 30% PV Formation type sandstone / carbonate Net thickness relatively thin Average permeability not critical Transmissibility not critical Depth > 2,000 feet (LPG) > 5,000 feet (lean gas) Temperature > 250F Nitrogen / Flue Gas Flooding N2 Gas Injection Water Separation and Production Well Injection Well Injection Storage Facilities From Pump Pipeline or Plant
4 3 2 1
1 Oil Bank/ N2 and
Waterflood Sor 2 3 4 Drive Water Miscible Front Water Zone Nitrogen / Flue Gas Flooding Description Consists of injecting large quantities of gas that may be miscible or immiscible depending on pressure and oil composition Large volumes may be injected because of low cost Nitrogen or flue gas are also considered for use as chase gases in hydrocarbon-miscible and CO2 floods Mechanisms That Improve Recovery Efficiency Vaporizes lighter components of crude oil and generates miscibility if pressure is high enough Provides gas drive where significant portion of reservoir volume is filled with low-cost gases Nitrogen / Flue Gas Flooding Limitations Miscibility can only be achieved with light oils at high pressures; therefore, deep reservoirs are needed Steeply dipping reservoir is desired to permit gravity stabilization of displacement, which has a very unfavorable mobility ratio Challenges
Viscous fingering results in poor vertical and horizontal
sweep efficiency
Flue gas injection can cause corrosion
Non-hydrocarbon gases must be separated from
saleable gas Nitrogen / Flue Gas Flooding
Screening Parameters Gravity > 24 API (> 35 for nitrogen) Viscosity < 10 cp Composition C 1 - C7 Oil saturation > 30% PV Formation type sandstone / carbonate Net thickness relatively thin (not critical for pressure maintenance) Average permeability not critical Transmissibility not critical Depth > 4,500 feet Temperature not critical Oil Gravity Guides for Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods
Oil Gravity oAPI
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
N2 & Flue Gas
Hydrocarbon CO2 - Miscible Immiscible Gas Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Polymer Flooding Gel Treatments In situ Combustion Steam Flooding Mining Summary of Screening Criteria for IOR and EOR Methods
