Sabp K 001
Sabp K 001
Sabp K 001
1 Introduction.................................................... 2
1.1 Scope..................................................... 2
1.2 Disclaimer.............................................. 2
1.3 Conflicts with Mandatory Standards....... 2
2 Intended Users.............................................. 3
3 References.................................................... 3
3.1 Saudi Aramco References..................... 3
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards.............. 3
4 Definition....................................................... 4
5 Energy-Efficient Strategies............................ 5
5.1 Building Envelope.................................. 5
5.2 HVAC Systems...................................... 9
5.3 System Design and Control.................. 17
5.4 Service Water Heating.......................... 19
5.5 Lighting................................................. 20
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 The purpose of this Saudi Aramco Best Practice (SABP) is to describe
proven methodologies, consistent with guidelines/methods in the energy-
efficient design and development of new construction buildings and
renovation of existing buildings. In particular, this SABP applies to new
buildings and their systems, and equipment in existing building.
1.1.2 The scope of the SABP covers the design of the building envelope,
lighting systems, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioing (HVAC)
systems, and other energy-consuming equipment. This SABP applies to
the building envelope when it encloses heated and /or cooled spaces.
1.2 Disclaimer
The material in this Best Practices document provides the most correct and
accurate design guidelines available to Saudi Aramco which comply with
international industry practices. This material is being provided for the general
guidance and benefit of the Designer. Use of the Best Practices in designing
projects for Saudi Aramco, however, does not relieve the Designer from his
responsibility to verify the accuracy of any information presented or from his
contractual liability to provide safe and sound designs that conform to Mandatory
Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements. Use of the information or material
contained herein is no guarantee that the resulting product will satisfy the
applicable requirements of any project. Saudi Aramco assumes no responsibility
or liability whatsoever for any reliance on the information presented herein or for
designs prepared by Designers in accordance with the Best Practices. Use of the
Best Practices by Designers is intended solely for, and shall be strictly limited to,
Saudi Aramco projects. Saudi Aramco is a registered trademark of the Saudi
Arabian Oil Company. Copyright, Saudi Aramco, 2007.
In the event of a conflict between this Best Practice and other Mandatory Saudi
Aramco Engineering Requirement, the Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement shall govern.
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
2 Intended Users
The intended users for this SABP are all design engineers who are involved in or
working on Saudi Aramco projects.
3 References
This Best Practice is based on the latest edition of the references below, unless
otherwise noted.
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
Underwriters Laboratories
UL-181A Standard for Safety Closure Systems for Use with
Rigid Air Ducts and Air Connectors
UL-181B Standard for Safety Closure Systems for Use with
Flexible Air Ducts and Air Connectors
4 Definition
Best Practice: A process or method that, when correctly executed, leads to enhanced
system performance.
Coefficient of Performance (COP): The ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of
energy input.
Dead band: The range of values within which a sensed variable can vary without
initiating a change in the controlled process.
Energy: The capacity for doing work. It takes a number of forms that may be
transformed from one into another such as thermal, mechanical, electrical.
Energy efficiency ratio (EER): The ration of net cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate
of electric input in watts under designated operating conditions.
Seasonal Energy efficiency Ratio (SEER): The total cooling output of an air
conditioiner during its normal annual usage period for cooling (in Btu) divided by the
total electric energy input during the same period (in Wh).
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the
space through the fenestration area to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain
includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation, which is then
reradiated, conducted, or convected into the space.
Fenestration: All areas in the building envelope that let in light, including windows.
Plastic panel, skylights, glass doors, and glass block.
Opaque: All areas in the building envelope, except fenestration and building services
openings such as vents and grilles.
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
Optimum Start Controls: Controls that are designed to automatically adjust the start
time of an HVAC system each day with the intention of bringing the space to desired
occupied temperature levels immediately before scheduled occupancy.
HVAC system: The equipment, distribution systems, and terminals that provide, either
collectively or individually, the processes of heating, ventilating or air conditioning to a
building or portion of a building.
Economizer, Air: A duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that
together allow a cooling system to supply outdoor air to reduce or eliminate the need for
mechanical cooling during mild or cooled weather.
Economizer, Water: A system by which the supply air of a cooling system is cooled
indirectly with water tat is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the environment
without the use of mechanical cooling.
Isolation Devices: Devices that isolate HVAC zones so that they can be operated
independently of one another. Isolation devices include, but are not limited to, separate
systems, isolation dampers, and controls providing shutoff at terminal boxes.
Luminaire: A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the
designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps, and connect the lamps to
the power supply.
Occupant Sensor: A device that detects the presence or absence of people within an
area and causes lighting, equipment, or appliances to be regulated accordingly.
Isolation Area: HVAC zones that can be operated independently of one another and
provided with isolation devices.
Variable Air Volume (VAV) System: HVAC system that control the dry-bulb
temperature within a space by varying the volumetric flow of heated or cooled supply
air to the space.
5 Energy-Efficient Strategies
The envelope must take into consideration external loads and internal loads, as
well as daylighting benefits. The ideal building envelop would control exterior
loads in response to coincident internal loads to achieve a thermal balance for
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
each set of conditions. The desired thermal balance may be achieved through
the design and selection of building envelop components such as insulation,
thermal mass, caulking, and weather-stripping.
5.1.1 Insulation
For Opaque components such as walls, roofs and floors, the maximum U
factor recommended is listed in Table-1.
Page 6 of 21
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
Page 8 of 21
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.1.3.3 Air leakage for fenestration and doors should not exceed 0.4
cfm/ft2.
5.1.3.4 Air leakage for glazed swinging entrance doors and for
revolving doors should not exceed 1.0 cfm/ft2.
Page 9 of 21
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.2.3.1 Duct and Plenum Insulation: All supply and return duct and
plenums installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system
shall be thermally insulated in accordance to SAES-K-001.
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.2.5.2 The outdoor air quantity supplied by the system should be less
than 25% of the supply air quantity at minimum outdoor air
design conditions unless an energy recovery ventilation system
is provided.
5.2.5.3 The system controls should not permit reheat or any other form
of simultaneous heating and cooling for humidity control
except for special application that require humidity control at
elevated levels.
Page 11 of 21
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.2.5.5 Exhausts with design capacity of over 300 cfm on systems that
do not operate continuously should be equipped with gravity or
motorized dampers that will automatically shut when the
systems are not in use.
ARI 210/240
Split system 12 SEER
Through-the-wall,
Air cooled 2.5 Tons All
Single package 12.0 SEER
Small-Duct
High-Velocity, <5 Tons All Split system 10 SEER ARI 210/240
Air cooled
Electric
Air conditioners, Split System and ARI
Resistance 10.3 EER
Air cooled Single Package 340/360
5 Tons and (or None)
<12 Tons
Split System and
All other 10.1 EER
Single Package
Electric
Split System and
Resistance 9.7 EER
Single Package
12 Tons and (or None)
<20 Tons
Split System and
All other 9.5 EER
Single Package
Electric
20 Tons and Resistance
Split System and 9.5 EER
<64 Tons Single Package 9.7 IPLV
(or None)
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
Nominal Size
Heating Sub-category or Minimum Test
Equipment Type Category
section type Rating Condition Efficiency Procedure
(Tons)
Electric
Split System and 9.2 EER
Resistance
Single Package 9.4 IPLV
(or None)
64 Tons
Split System and 9.0 EER
All other
Single Package 9.2 IPLV
Air conditioners,
Water and Split System and
<5 Tons All 12.1EER ARI 210/240
Evaporatively Single Package
cooled.
Electric
Split System and
Resistance 11.5 EER
Single Package
5 Tons and (or None)
<12 Tons
Split System and
All other 11.3 EER
Single Package
Electric
Split System and
Air conditioners, Resistance 11.0 EER
Single Package
Water and 12 Tons and (or None) ARI
Evaporatively <20 Tons 340/360
cooled. Split System and
All other 10.8 EER
Single Package
Electric
Split System and 11.0 EER
Resistance
Single Package 10.3 IPLV
(or None)
20 Tons
Split System and 10.8 EER
All other
Single Package 10.1 IPLV
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
4.45 COP
<150 Tons
5.20 IPLV
Water Cooled, Electrically
Operated, Positive 150 Tons 4.90 COP
and ARI 550/590
Displacement 5.60 IPLV
(Rotary Screw and Scroll) <300 Tons
5.50 COP
300 Tons 6.15 IPLV
5.00 COP
< 150 Tons
5.25 IPLV
6.10 COP
300 Tons 6.40 IPLV
Air-cooled Absorption
All capacities 0.60 COP
Single Effect
ARI 560
Air-cooled Absorption
All capacities 0.70 COP
Single Effect
Page 14 of 21
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.2.6.8 All outdoor air supply and exhaust systems, vents, and
ventilators should be equipped with motorized dampers
interlocked with the AHU that will automatically shut when the
system or spaces served are not in use.
5.2.6.10 Fans with motors greater than 3/4 HP (0.5 kW) should have
automatic controls capable of shutting off fans when not
required.
5.2.6.11 Systems with design outdoor air capacities greater than 3000
cfm serving areas having an average design occupancy density
exceeding 100 people per 1000 ft should include means to
automatically reduce outdoor air intake below design rates
when spaces are partially occupied. Ventilation controls shall
be in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62 and local
standards.
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.2.7.4 For HVAC systems with 30% OA, an air economizer should
be considered to use in the HVAC system provided that the life
cycle economical analysis to ensure the visibility of using
economizer cycle.
5.3.1.1 Fan Power Limitation: For HVAC systems having a total fan
system power exceeding 5 HP, the ratio of the fan system
power to the supply fan air-flow rate (main fan) at design
conditions should not exceed the allowable fan system power
shown in Table 6.
5.3.1.2 For partial fan motor load, Variable Air Volume (VAV) fan
control, the fan should be driven by mechanical or electrical
variable-speed drive or a vane-axial fan with variable-pitch
blades via Static Pressure Sensor.
5.3.1.3 Static pressure sensors used to control variable air drive fans
should be placed in a position such that the controller set point
is no greater than one-third the total design fan static pressure.
If this result in the sensor being located downstream of major
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.3.2.4 When a chilled water plant includes more than one chiller,
provision should be made so that the flow in the chiller plant
can be automatically reduced, correspondingly, when a chiller
is shut down.
Page 18 of 21
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.4.1 Equipment Efficiency: All water heating equipment, hot water supply
boilers used solely for heating potable water, pool heaters, and hot water
storage tanks shall meet the criteria listed in Table 7.
Electric Water
> 12 kW Resistance 20 20+35 V SL, ANSI Z21.10.3
Heaters gal Btu/h
Note:
a) EF-Energy factor, SL-Standby Loss is maximum BTU/h based on a 70F temperature difference between stored
water and ambient requirements, V-Rated Volume in Gallon.
Page 19 of 21
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.5 Lighting
5.5.2 Each space enclosed by ceiling height partition should have at least one
control device to independently control the general lighting within the
space. Each manual device should be readily accessible and located so
the occupants can see the controlled lighting.
5.5.3 Lighting for all exterior applications should have automatic controls
capable of turning off exterior lighting when sufficient daylight is
available or when the lighting is not required during nighttime hours.
Page 20 of 21
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Dept. SABP-K-001
Issue Date: 19 May 2007
Next Planned Update: 18 May 2012 Energy-Efficient Buildings
5.5.7 Luminary designed for use with one or three linear florescent lamps
greater than 30 W each should be two-lamp tandem-wired ballasts in
place of single-lamp ballasts when two or more Luminaries are in the
same space and on the same control device.
5.5.8 Internally illuminated exit signs should not exceed 5 watts per face.
5.5.9 All exterior building grounds luminaries that operate at greater than
100 watts should contain lamps having a minimum efficiency of
60 lm/W unless the luminaries is controlled by a motion sensor.
5.5.10 The total exterior lighting power allowance for all exterior building
applications is the sum of the individual lighting power densities
permitted in Table 8 for these applications plus an additional
unrestricted allowance of 5% of that sum.
Revision Summary
19 May 2007 New Saudi Aramco Best Practice.
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