B.

TECH FOURTH YEAR

COMPUTER ENGINEERING
(Batch 2007)
SCHEME OF PAPERS

SEVENTH SEMESTER (COMPUTER ENGINEERING)

S. No. Subject Code Subject Name L T P Cr.

1. CPE-401 Internet & Web Technologies 3 1 0 3.5
2. CPE-402 Object Oriented Analysis & Design Using UML 3 1 0 3.5
3. CPE-403 Advanced Computer Architecture 3 1 0 3.5
4. CPE-404 Artificial Intelligence 3 1 0 3.5
5. CPE-451 Internet & Web Technologies Lab 0 0 2 1.0
6. CPE-452 Object Oriented Analysis & Design Using UML 0 0 2 1.0
Lab
7. CPE-454 Artificial Intelligence Lab 0 0 2 1.0
8. Elective – III * 3 1 0 3.5
9. Elective – IV ** 3 1 0 3.5
Total 18 6 6 24
Total Contact Hours = 30

ELECTIVE – III FOR SEVENTH SEMESTER (COMPUTER ENGINEERING)*

S. No. Subject Code Subject Name L T P Cr.
1. CPE - 405 Neural Computing 3 1 0 3.5
2. CPE - 406 Advanced Computer Networks 3 1 0 3.5
3. CPE - 407 Data Mining & Warehousing 3 1 0 3.5
4. CPE - 408 Digital Image Processing 3 1 0 3.5
5. CPE - 409 Network Security 3 1 0 3.5
6. CPE - 410 Expert System 3 1 0 3.5

*CHOOSE ANY ONE FROM THE LIST

ELECTIVE – IV FOR SEVENTH SEMESTER (COMPUTER ENGINEERING)**

S. No. Subject Code Subject Name L T P Cr.
1. ECE - 403 Wireless Communication 3 1 0 3.5
2. ECE - 407 Nano Electronics 3 1 0 3.5
3. ECE - 408 Biomedical Instrumentation 3 1 0 3.5
4. ECE - 409 Optical Networks 3 1 0 3.5

**CHOOSE ANY ONE FROM THE LIST

CPE-451, CPE-452 and CPE-454 are practical papers only. There will not be any theory examination
for these papers.

1
 CPE-401 INTERNET AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION A
Basics of Internet: Concepts, Architecture: Internet, Intranet and Extranet, Design Goals, Issues and
related aspects, addressing schemes, protocols, applications - e-mail, ftp, telnet, WWW, IRC.

SECTION B
Intranet Connectivity: Connection concepts, FDDI, ISDN, ADSL, PPP and ATM, Web servers and
browsers ? web server, proxy server, web browser.

SECTION C
Network Security: Network Security attacks and vulnerabilities of Network system, Data Security
Encryption, key protocols, Document signatures, firewalls

SECTION D
Web Programming : Introduction to Web Pages, HTML, Java Programming - class design,
inheritance, overloading, polymorphism, exception handling, file streams and their manipulation,
Applets, servlets, Networking, JSP, JDBC,.NET technologies.

Recommended Books :

1. Java 2: The complete reference by Schildt, Herbert

2. Internet Programming Kris Jamsa and Kene Cope Galgotia Publication

3. Web Programming Chris Bates ,Willey ,

2
 CPE 402 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYASIS AND DESIGN Using UML

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION A

Introduction to Object: Object Orientation, Development, Modeling, Object Modeling technique.

Object modeling: Objects and classes, Links and Association, Generalization and inheritance,
Grouping constructs, Aggregation, Abstract Classes, Generalization as extension and restriction,
Multiple inheritance, Meta data, Candidate keys, Constraints.
Dynamic modeling: Events and states, Nesting, Concurrency, Advanced Dynamic Modeling concepts
Functional modeling: Functional Models, Data flow diagrams, Specifying operations, Constraints,
Relation of Functional model to Object and Dynamic Models.

SECTION B

Design Methodology, Analysis: Object modeling, Dynamic modeling, Functional modeling, Adding
operations, Iterating Analysis.
System design: Subsystems Concurrency, Allocation to processor and tasks, Management of data
stores, Handling Global Resources, Handling boundary Conditions, Setting Trade-off priorities.
Object Design: Overview, Combining the three models, Designing Algorithms, Design Optimization,
Implementation of Control, Adjustment of Inheritance, Design of Associations, Object
Representation, Physical Packaging, Document Design Decision.

SECTION C

UML: Basics, Emergence of UML, Types of Diagrams.

Use Case: Actors, Use Case Diagram, Relationships between Use Cases.
Classes: Class Diagram, Classes, Objects, Attributes, Operations, Methods, Interfaces, Constraints,
Generalization, Specialization, Association, Aggregation.

SECTION D

Advanced Structural modeling: Advanced classes, advanced relationships, Interfaces types and roles
packages, instances and object diagrams.
Basic behavioral modeling : Interactions, use cases, Use case Diagrams, Interaction Diagrams and
activity diagrams.
Architectural Modeling : Terms, Concepts, examples, modeling techniques for component diagrams
and development diagrams.

Recommended Books :

1. BOOCH, “Object Oriented Analysis and Design”, Addison Wesley

2. Pierre-Alain Muller, “Instant UML”, Shroff Publishers, 2000
3. Booch, Rumbaugh, Jacobson, “The Unified Modeling Language User Guide”, Addison
Wesley, 1999
4. Booch, Rumbaugh, Jacobson, “The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual”, Addison
Wesley, 1999
5. Rebecca Wirfs-Brock, “Design Object Oriented Software”, PHI
6. Rambough, “Object Oriented Modeling and Design”, Pearson Education, 2002
7. Bernd Oestereich, “Developing Software With UML”, Pearson Education.

3
 CPE 403 ADVANCED COMPUTER ACRHITECTURE

L T P CR
3 1 0 3.5

Section A

Introduction to Parallel Processing:Evolution of Computer Architecture, Parallelism in Uniprocessor

System, Parallel Computer Structures, Architectural Classifications Schemes, Multiprocessors and
Multicomputers, Multivector and SIMD Computers, Parallel processing application.

Memory and input ouput subsystems:Hierarchical Memory structure, Virtual memory system, Memory
Allocation and Management, Cache Memories and Management, Input-Output Subsystem.

Section B

Pipelining and Vector Processing:Pipelining, Instruction and Arithmetic Pipelines, Principles of Designing
Pipelined Processors, Vector Processing Requirements , Vector Super Computers, Pipeline Chaining and
Vector Loops, Vectorization and Optimization Methods.
Section C

Structures and Algorithms for Array Processors:SIMD Array Processors, SIMD Interconnection
Networks: Static & Dynamic Networks, Mesh Connected Network, Cube interconnection Networks, Parallel
Algorithms for array processors, Associative Array Processing.

Section D

Multiprocessor Architecture and Programming:Functional Structures, Interconnection Networks: Multi

stage networks For multiprocessors, Parallel Memory Organization, Multiprocessor Operating System,
Exploiting Concurrency for Multiprocessing.

Recommended Books :

1. Hawang kai, Briggs F.A., Computer Architectures and Parallel Processing, McGraw-Hill

2. Kain Richard Y., Advanced Computer Architecture, PHI

3. Hwang Kai, Advanced Computer Architecture, McGraw-Hill

4. Mano M., Computer System Architecture, PHI

4
 CPE-404 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION A
Artificial Intelligence Techniques, levels of models, understand the importance, functions,
advantages, as well as the limitations of artificial intelligence. Use of Artificial Intelligence and
intelligent agents

SECTION B
State, space, search, control strategies, heuristic search, problem characteristics, production system
characteristics. Mapping between facts and representations, approaches to knowledge representation,
semantic sets, frame, conceptual depending, scripts, predictive logic, resolution in predicate logic

SECTION C
Procedural Vs declarative knowledge, matching, conflict resolution, Non-monotonic reasoning,
default reasoning, statistical reasoning, knowledge extraction. Investigate the roles and development
methods of artificial intelligence in decision making processes. Neural network resources, cognitive
science, role of neural network in computer science.

SECTION D
Characteristics of AI language, LISP-symbol manipulation- basic lisp function, predicated, condition,
recursion, iteration, Array-lambda functions, input-output statements. AI problems : pattern
recognition, voice recognition, Feature Extraction

Recommended Books :
1. Artificial Intelligence by Rich and Kinght, TMH
2. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence by Charniak and Mcdermott. Addison-Wesley, 1985.
3. Essentials of Artificial Intelligence by Ginsburg. Morgan Kaufmann, 1993.
4. Artificial Intelligence by Winston 3rd Edition, Addison Wesley, 1992.
5. Artificial Intelligence by Padhy, Oxford Press

5
 CPE 451 INTERNET & WEB TECHNOLOGIES (LAB)

L T P Cr
0 0 2 1.0

1. Basic Concept of Internet Connectivity & their features.

2. Study of Different search engines

3. Different Web Server and their comparison.

4. Illustration of web scripting languages and their applications.

5. Introduction to JAVA APPLETS, PACKAGES & JDBC

6
 CPE 452 Object Oriented Analysis & Design Using UML (Lab)

L T P Cr
0 0 2 1.0

1. Representation of object and classes, links, association, generalization, aggregation

& inheritance using UML.

2. Representation of abstract classes, multiple inheritance, meta data & Constraints.

3. Draw use case diagrams using UML.

4. Draw relationship between use cases using UML.

5. Draw different types of diagrams using UML (Class diagrams, interaction diagrams,

activity diagrams etc.)

6. Advanced structural modeling using UML

7. Basic Behavioral Modeling using UML

8. Architecture modeling using UML

7
 CPE 452 Artificial Intelligence Lab

L T P Cr
0 0 2 1.0

1. Introduction to PROLOG and its features.

2. Representation of facts using PROLOG

3. Representation of predicate Logic.

4. Introduction to NLP Techniques and their applications.

5. Introduction to Expert System

8
 Elective III

CPE-405 NEURAL COMPUTING

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION A
Neural networks: introduction, neural networks, supervised or unsupervised learning, feed forward
network, Hopfield network.
Neural network models: neural network models, layers in neural network and their connections.
Instar, outstar, weights on connections, threshold function.

SECTION B
Backpropagation: Forward back propagation network- mapping, layout, training, BPN applications
Learning and training: objectives of learning, Hebb’s rule, delta rule, supervised learning,
unsupervised networks, learning vector quantizer, associative memory models, one-shot learning,
resonance, stability, training and convergence

SECTION C
Fuzzy Logic: Introduction, fuzzy sets, fuzzy operations, and fuzziness in neural networks, neural
trained fuzzy system, BAM- bidirectional associative memory, inputs and outputs, weights and
training. FAM-fuzzy
Associative memory, association, FAM neural networks, encoding

SECTION D
Application of fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy inference system, defuzzification.
Introduction to Neuro Fuzzy Systems Architecture of a Neuro Fuzzy Network.
GENETIC ALGORITHM: An overview, GA in problem solving Implementation of GA and GP

Recommended Books :

1. Rao, Vallinu B.,and Rao, Hayagriva . Neural networks and fuzzy Logic, second edition, BPB
Publication
2. Berkan C. Riza, Trubatch L, Sheldon, Fuzzy Systems design Principlea. IEEE Press , standard
publishers
3. Freeman A. James, Skapura M. David- neural networks algorithms, applications and
programming.
4. Soft Computing by Fred Aminzadel & Jamshich, Prentice Hall

9
Elective III
CPE-406 ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION-A

Fundamentals of Optical networking and WDM, wavelength convertible networks, virtual topology, network
survivability, optical multicast routing, optical internet networks

High Speed Networks: Introduction, ISDN, Layered Model Architecture, BISDN.

SECTION – B

Asynchronous transfer mode: Introduction, ATM layer model, ATM switching- input, output and central
queuing, ATM Traffic Management, levels of QOS, resource reservation, Unicast & Multicast routing,
multimedia compression, Routing and addressing in ATM networks, ATM Inter-working standards

SECTION – C

System security: Cryptography, Public and Private Key encryption, RSA algorithm, DES Algorithm, Digital
signatures, Firewalls, Hacking.

SECTION – D

Ad-hoc Networks: Overview, mobile ad-hoc networks, wireless ad-hoc networks, routing principles, Routing
for Wireless multi-hop Networks, Performance issues.

Recommended Books :

1. C.S.R. Murthy & M. Gurusamy, " WDM optical Networks: Concepts, Design & Algorithms ", PHI

2. S. Kasera and P. Sethi, “ATM Networks-Concepts and Protocols ", McGraw-Hill

3. L.L. Peterson, B.S. Davie, “Computer Networks: A Systems Approach”, Pearson Education

10
Elective III

CPE-407 DATA MINING & WAREHOUSING

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

Section A

Introduction to Data Mining & Warehousing, Its Importance and applications, Data Marts, Mata Data,
Data Cubes, Multidimensional Data Bases, Introduction to OLTP, OLAP, ROLAP, MOLAP. Data
ware house process and architecture, Data ware house manager.

Section B

Introduction Data Mining Techniques : Tools and applications. Data Mining Query Languages, Data
specifications, hierarchy specification, pattern presentation and visualization specification.

Section C

Data Mining Techniques : Clustering Techniques Decision Trees Knowledge discovery through
neural Networks, rough sets, support victor machines and fuzzy techniques : Association rules.

Section D

Introduction to Spatial Data bases, multimedia data bases , distributed & virtual data ware house.
Time series and Sequence data : mining text Data bases and mining word wide web.

Recommended Books :
1. Data Warehousing in the Real World : Sam Anahory & Dennis Murrary : 1997, Pearson.

2. Data Mining : Concepts & Techniques: Jiawei Han & Micheline Kamber – 2001, Morgan

Kaufmann.

3. Data Mining Techniques : Arun Pujar 2001, university Press : Hyderbad.

11
Elective III
CPE 408 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION-A

Introduction and Digital Image Fundamentals: Digital Image representation, Fundamental steps in
Image processing, Elements of digital Image processing, Sampling and quantization, some basic
relationships like neighbor’s connectivity, distance measure between pixels, Image geometry.
Image Transforms: Discrete Fourier transform, Some properties of two-dimensional Fourier
transform, Fast Fourier transform, Inverse FFT.

SECTION-B

Image Enhancement: Point Operations, Histograms, Spatial Domain methods, Frequency domain
methods, Enhancement by point processing, Spatial filtering, low pass filtering, High pass filtering,
Homomorphic filtering, Colour image processing.
Image Restoration Degradation model, Algebraic approach to Restoration, Inverse filtering, Wiener
filter, Constrained least square restoration, Interactive restoration, Restoration in spatial domain.

SECTION-C

Image Compression: Coding Inter-pixel and Psycho visual redundancy, Image Compression models,
Error free compression, Lossy Compression, Image Compression standards.
Image Segmentation: Detection of discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary detection,
Thresholding, Region Orientation Segmentation, Motion based segmentation.

SECTION-D

Representation and Description: Representation schemes like chain coding, Polygonal approximation,
Signatures, Boundary Segments, Skeleton of region, Boundary Description, Regional descriptors,
Morphology.
Recognition and Interpretation: Elements of Image Analysis, Pattern and pattern classes, Decision
Theoretic methods, Structural methods, Interpretation.

Recommended Books :

1. A.K. Jain,” Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education.

2. Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, AWL.
3. W. K. Pratt,” Digital Image Processing”.
4. Ramesh Jain, Brian G. Schunck, “Machine Vision”, TMH.

12
Elective III
CPE-409 NETWORK SECURITY

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5
SECTION A
BASIC ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION: Attackers and Types of threats, challenges for
information security, Encryption Techniques, Classical Cryptographic Algorithms: Monoalphabetic
Substitutions such as the Caesar Cipher, Cryptanalysis of Monoalphabetic ciphers, Polyalphabetic
Ciphers such as Vigenere, Vernam Cipher, Stream and Block Ciphers
SECURE ENCRYPTION SYSTEMS: Hard Problems: Complexity: NP – Complete problems,
Characteristics of NP-Complete Problems, The Meaning of NP- Completeness and Cryptography

SECTION B
SECRET KEY SYSTEMS: The Data encryption Standard (DES), Analyzing and Strengthening of
DES, Introduction to Advance Encryption Standard (AES)
PUBLIC KEY ENCRYPTION SYSTEMS: Concept and Characteristics of Public Key Encryption
system, Introduction to Merkle-Hellman Knapsacks, Rivets – Shamir-Adlman (RSA) Encryption.

SECTION C
HASH ALGORITHMS: Hash Algorithms, Message Digest Algorithms such as MD4 and MD5,
Secure Hash Algorithms such as SH1 and SHA2
PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURE (PKI): Concept of digital Certificate, Certificate Authorities
and its roles, X.509 Structure of Digital Certificate.

SECTION D
NETWORK SECURITY: Network Security Issues such as Impersonation, Message Confidentiality,
Message Integrity, Code Integrity, Denial of Service, Firewalls, DMZs, Virtual Private Networks,
Network Monitoring and Diagnostic Devices.
WEB SECURITY: Web Servers, Secure Electronic Mail, Enhanced Email, Pretty Good Privacy,
Public Key Cryptography Standards

Recommended Books :
1. Principles of Cryptography, William Stallings, Pearson Education
2. “Security in Computing (Second Edition)’, Charles P.Pfleeger, 1996, Prentice Hall
International, Inc.
3. Cryptography & Network Security, Atul Kahate, TMH
4. Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C, Bruce Schneier,
John Wiley and Sons
5. Firewalls and Internet Security, Bill Cheswick and Steve Bellovin, Addison-Wesley

13
Elective III
CPE-410 EXPERT SYSTEM

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION A

Prepositional logic: syntax and semantics: Validity and consequence. Normal forms. Representing
world knowledge using prepositional logic.

SECTION B

First order logic: World knowledge representation and the need for quantifiers. Syntax, semantics
validity consequence clause normal from.
Introduction to prolog: Syntax of prolog, structured data representation. Execution model Introduction
to Programming in Prolog, Illustrative examples.

SECTION C

The connection between logic and logic programming interpreting logic programs in terms of Horn
clauses Deduction from clause form formulas resolution for prepositional logic Ground resolution.
Unification and first order resolution SLD resolution; the computation and search rules. SLD trees
and interpretation of non-declarative features of Prolog.

SECTION D

Advanced prolog features: programming techniques: Structural Induction and Recursion, Extra
Logical features: Cut and Negation Case studies.
Introduction to Fuzzy logic neural networks

Recommended Books :
1. Stoll, set Theory and logic, Dover publishers, New York, 1963.

2. Clocksin, W.F. and Mellish, C.S., Programming in Prolog 2nd edition, Springer Verlag,

1984

3. Gries, The Science of Programming, Narosa Publishers, 1985

4. O' Keefe, R., The Craft of Prolog. The MIT Press, 1991.

5. Lloyd, J. W., Foundation of Logic Programming, Springer, 1984.

14
Elective IV
ECE 403 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

Section-A
Introduction: Second generation (2G) cellular networks, evolution to 2.5G wireless networks,
evolution for 2.5G TDMA Standards: HSCSD for 2.5G GSM, GPRS for 2.5G GSM and IS-136,
EDGE for 2.5G GSM and IS-136. IS-95B for 2.5G CDMA

3G wireless networks: 3G W-CDMA (UMTS), 3G cdma 2000, 3G TD-SCDMA, wireless local loop
(WLL), and LMDS, WLANs, Bluetooth and PANs

Section-B
Cellular Concepts: Introduction, frequency reuse, channel alignment strategies, hand off strategies,
interference and system capabilities, co-channel interference and system capacity, channel planning
for wireless systems , adjacent channel interference, power control for reducing interference.
Trunking and grade of service, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems using cell
splitting, sectoring, repeaters for range extension, a microcell zone concept.

Section-C
Small Scale Fading And Mutipath: Introduction, small scale multipath propagation, factors
influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift, impulse response model of a multipath channel.
Parameters of mobile multipath channels: time dispersion parameters, coherence bandwidth, Doppler
spread and coherence time, Types of small scale fading, Rayleigh, Rician & Nakagami-m fading
distributions, Two ray Rayleigh fading model.

Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques: Pseudo- noise (PN) sequences, DS-SS, FH-SS. Block
diagram of IS-95 forward link, block diagram of IS-95 reverse link. Functional block diagram of
modulator & demodulator for GSM

Section-D
Multiple Access Techniques: Introduction, FDMA, TDMA, SSMA,FHMA, CDMA, Hybrid spread
spectrum techniques, SDMA, packet radio protocols- pure ALOHA & slotted ALOHA, CSMA.

Recommended Books :

1. Wireless Communications: Principles & Practice – Theodore S. Rappaport, Pearson

Education.

2. Digital Communications- John G. Proakis, Mcgraw Hill

3. Wireless Digital communications- k.Feher, PHI

15
Elective IV
ECE 407 NANO ELECTRONICS

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION-A

INTRODUCTION: Introduction to Nano-scale Science and Nano-scale Technology. Why nano

science and nano technology? Length, energy, and time scales. Nano structure types and properties,
electronic and optical properties of materials, sensors.
Quantum wires and dots, single electron effects and single electron transistors, coulomb blockade
effects in ultra small metallic tunnel junctions, Quantum confinement of electrons in semiconductor
nanostructures: two dimensional confinement(quantum wells), Band gap engineering, Epitaxy.

SECTION-B

FABRICATION: Nanomagnets and spintronics, non-ideal interfaces and defects, nano

fabrication( Lithography, Self assembly, Contact imprinting), molecular electronics, Organic
Electronics( Carbon Fullerness and nanotubes, polymers) .
BIO ELECTRONICS: Introduction, Binding of Organic semiconductors, DNA computing.

SECTION-C

NANO-PHOTONICS: Emitters, Wave Guides, Detectors, Photonic Crystals.

SURFACE ANALYTICAL INSRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY: Atomic
scale characterization techniques: scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy. Low
Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED), Scanning Probe Microscopy, UV Photo electron spectroscopy
(UPS).

SECTION-D

MEMS and NEMS: MicroElectro mechanical systems (MEMS) and Nano electro mechanical
systems(NEMS), size dependent electronic, magnetic and optical behavior of nano materials .
Application: Introduction to quantum methods of information processing, Nano Particles and
Environmental Hazardness , Industrial applications of Nano Sized materials.

Recommended Books :

1. Transport in Nanostructures- David Ferry, Cambridge University Press,2000

2. Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics -Y.Imry, Oxford University Press,1997

3. Electron Transport in Mesoscopic Systems ,S.Datta, Cambridge University Press,1995

4. Single Charge Tunneling, H.Grabert and M.Devoret, Plenum Press,1992

5. Handbook of Microlithography, Micromachining and Microfabrication -P.Rai Choudhary,

,SPIE,1997

16
Elective IV
ECE 408 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5
SECTION-A

HUMAN BODY SUBSYSTEMS: Brief description of neuronal, Muscular, Cardiovascular and

respiratory systems; their electrical, Mechanical and chemical activities.
TRANSDUCERS AND ELECTRODES: Principles and classification of transducers for bio-medical
applications; Electrode theory, Different types of electrodes; Selection criteria for transducers and
electrodes.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS: Measurement of blood pressure, Blood flow,
Measurement of pH value of blood, Cardiac rate, Heart sounds; Electrocardiograph, Plethysmograph.

SECTION-B

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS: Measurement of gas volume, Flow rate, Carbon-

dioxide and oxygen concentration in exhaled air.
MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM AND BRAIN:
Neuron potential, Muscle potential, Electromyograph, Brain potentials, Electroencephalograph.

SECTION-C

MEDICAL IMAGING: Diagnostic X-rays, CAT, MRI, Ultrasonography, Medical use of isotopes,
Endoscopy.
PATIENT CARE, MONITORING AND SAFETY MEASURES: Elements of intensive care monitoring;
Basic hospital systems and components; Physiological effect of electric currents, Shock hazards from
electrical equipment, Safety measures.
SECTION-D

ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC DEVICES: Introduction to cardiac pacemakers, Defibrillators,

Ventilators, Diathermy.
BIO-TELEMETRY AND LASERS: Physiological parameters adaptable to Bio-telemetry, components
of a bio telemetry system, Application of telemetry in patient care, Application of lasers to biomedical
sciences.

Recommended Books :

1. L. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement -Chromwell, F.J.Weibell, E.A.Pfeiffer

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
2. Introduction to biomedical Equipment technology- Carr JJ and Brown JM, Pearson Publishers,
Delhi.
3. Medical Instrumentation applications and design -J.G Webster, John Wiley Sons, New York.
4. Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation- R.S Khandpur, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi
5. Principles of applied Biomedical Instrumentation -L.G.Geddes, L.E. Baker, John Wiley Sons,
New York.

17
Elective IV
ECE 409 OPTICAL NETWORKS

L T P Cr.
3 1 0 3.5

SECTION A

Generation of Transport networks, WDM, TDM, wireless optical systems, key optical nodes,
evolution of optical systems, key attributes of optical fiber. Telecommunication Infrastructure, digital
multiplexing techniques, digital signaling hierarchy, T1, DS1, T3 or DS3, layered protocol model.
Timing & Synchronization in digital networks, Timing error, clocking signal, Timing types, variation,
clock exchange methods, SONET and DS1 timing, Downstream devices timing, BITS, SSMs.

SECTION B

SONET & SDH evolution, multiplexing structure, frame structure, envelopes, functional components,
problem detection, payload, pointers, VTs overhead bytes, SONET & SDH concatenation.
Architecture of optical transport networks, Digital wrappers, O/O/O, hierarchy, OTN layer models.
WDM DWDM, operation, its components.

SECTION C

Network topologies, protection schemes, robustness, diversity, 1:N protection, optical channel, types
BLSR, passive optical networks and Metro. MPLS and optical networks, Label switching, Lamba
switching, traffic engineering, Link management protocol (LMP), Link up, LMP messages,
connectivity, Fault management. Optical Routers switching, preferences, OSP, LSP, load increasing,
technologies, MEMS, Thermo, bubble, Granularity of Labels.

SECTION D

ATM vs. IP in optical internets: IP over ATM & SONET, OSI internet layered model, Encapsulation
& its methods, PPP packet, ATM vs. IP debate, Optical Internets Evolution to 3G architecture,
Migration to IP networking, IP subnets, non-optical nodes, routing tables, stack alternatives, digital
wrapper, internetworking, internet service providers.

Recommended Books :

1. Optical Networks-Third Generation Transport Systems – Uyless Black, Pearson Education.

2. Optical Network Design and Implementation - Vivek Alwayn, Pearson Education
3. Understanding SONET/SDH and ATM-communications networks for the next millennium by
Stamatious V. Kartalopoulos, Prentice - Hall India.

18