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    Borneanus (Roos Et Al. 2014 - Asian Primates

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    Ida Bagus Ketut Wedastra
    The authors were asked to clarify the methods used to produce distribution maps of primate species in Sumatra. Specifically, the reviewer requested maps showing species distributions, clarification on whether niche modeling was used, and noted that commission and omission errors are common when using extent of occurrence maps. The authors responded that they examined distribution records and updated range maps from previous studies, but did not formally model distributions. They acknowledged potential errors in their maps. A second reviewer raised concerns about a lack of clarity around the deforestation data used. In response, the authors specified that they used Ministry of Forestry deforestation data to calculate forest loss between 2000 and 2012.

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    Borneanus (Roos Et Al. 2014 - Asian Primates

    Uploaded by

    Ida Bagus Ketut Wedastra
    32 views5 pages
    The authors were asked to clarify the methods used to produce distribution maps of primate species in Sumatra. Specifically, the reviewer requested maps showing species distributions, clarification on whether niche modeling was used, and noted that commission and omission errors are common when using extent of occurrence maps. The authors responded that they examined distribution records and updated range maps from previous studies, but did not formally model distributions. They acknowledged potential errors in their maps. A second reviewer raised concerns about a lack of clarity around the deforestation data used. In response, the authors specified that they used Ministry of Forestry deforestation data to calculate forest loss between 2000 and 2012.

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    Response Table Feb17

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    The authors were asked to clarify the methods used to produce distribution maps of primate species in Sumatra. Specifically, the reviewer requested maps showing species distributions, clarification on whether niche modeling was used, and noted that commission and omission errors are common when using extent of occurrence maps. The authors responded that they examined distribution records and updated range maps from previous studies, but did not formally model distributions. They acknowledged potential errors in their maps. A second reviewer raised concerns about a lack of clarity around the deforestation data used. In response, the authors specified that they used Ministry of Forestry deforestation data to calculate forest loss between 2000 and 2012.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views5 pages

    Borneanus (Roos Et Al. 2014 - Asian Primates

    Uploaded by

    Ida Bagus Ketut Wedastra
    The authors were asked to clarify the methods used to produce distribution maps of primate species in Sumatra. Specifically, the reviewer requested maps showing species distributions, clarification on whether niche modeling was used, and noted that commission and omission errors are common when using extent of occurrence maps. The authors responded that they examined distribution records and updated range maps from previous studies, but did not formally model distributions. They acknowledged potential errors in their maps. A second reviewer raised concerns about a lack of clarity around the deforestation data used. In response, the authors specified that they used Ministry of Forestry deforestation data to calculate forest loss between 2000 and 2012.

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    of 5

    Reviewer 1

    the authors must clarify the method of We have revised the text in the Methods section
    producing the distribution of each primate to reflect the following. We examined all records
    species, as the description is rather brief and no of primates on Sumatra in the Bogor Museum
    maps are provided showing species and updated the distribution maps of Groves
    distributions. Where extent of occurrence maps (2001). These were published in Supriatna
    are used to produce distributional ranges, known (1016). Field tests were conducted during 2014
    commission (predicted presence in places of using the following criteria: species that have not
    absence) and omission (predicted absence in been studied intensively, for example, species
    place of presence) errors have largely resulted in recently described; species whose systematics
    their replacement with more sophisticated have recently been revised; checking on areas
    predictor methods, such as ecological and that had been recently logged and/or converted
    predictive niche modelling. to plantation. We did not formally model these
    distributions and accept that there may be
    errors, especially of commission. However, niche
    models also suffer from these errors, especially
    when they use presence only data, such as
    museum data.. We believe that our maps, based
    on extensive prior surveys (references cited),
    updated museum records and the extensive
    personal knowldege of the authors, are as good
    as formal models using presence only data.
    L 64 A more recent reference than 1990 for We have added Margono et al (2014)
    this point regarding currently high rates of
    deforestation would be more pertinent.
    L 68 A reference for this statement is required. We have added a reference for this

    L 88 Reference required for the respective Done


    software programmes.

    Ll 99-115 Based on the information provided of WE have revised the text. See first comment
    the method used in producing the distributional above and the response to the first comment of
    maps, it is impossible for the reader to assess reviewer 2.
    their accuracy, as no maps or rationale to the
    determining of a distributional map are provided
    L 185 the western tarsier present on Borneo is We have reviese the text here.
    also a subspecies, Cephalophacus bancanus
    borneanus (Roos et al. 2014 Asian primates
    journal).
    Ll 278-280 - See: This is interesting and adds weight to our
    Carlson KM, Curran LM, Asner GP, Pitner AM, argument but we have not included it because it
    Trigg SN, Adney JM (2012) Carbon emissions does not deal with Sumatra.
    from forest conversion by Kalimantan oil palm
    plantations. Nat Clim Change 3:283287
    Miettinen J, Shi C, Tan W, Liew S (2011) 2010
    land cover map of insular Southeast Asia in 250-
    m spatial resolution. Remote Sens Lett 3:1120
    L 306 The opening paragraph suggests a review We have revised the opening paragraph. We are
    of primate declines in Indonesia, but the not in a position to expend the analysis to the
    following paragraphs are concerned only with rest of Indonesia
    Sumatra. It would be useful to include a
    comparison across Indonesian islands, especially
    Java, Borneo (Kalimantan) and Sulawesi, as
    trends are largely consistent.

    Reviewer 2

    I am concerned by the lack of clarity regarding We used Ministry of Forestry deforestation data
    the origin of the dataset used to calculate and have amended the methods section
    deforestation rates. There are a number of accordingly.
    datasets available for Sumatra during the period
    analyzed here (2000-2012), but the paper does
    not describe which dataset has been used.
    Page 1, Line 21: You should always report the This is from the abstract. We did report hectares
    areas in hectares. You report percent values, but in Table 1. We have edited the abstract to reflect
    you do not state what these values are based this.
    upon. You must report the total area lost from
    2000 until 2012 in hectares, island-wide, and
    then by province. You must report the area of
    remaining forest in 2012 in hectares?
    Page 1, Line 21: What is your definition of Forests are defined in the Methods section as
    Forest? I suspect it is old-growth natural and parks, protected forest, company concessions and
    selectively logged forest, the preferred habitat of other forested lands. It does include primary and
    primates, and not planted forests. You should secondary forest but does not include tree crops
    define what it is you mean by Forest. or production forest. We have added this to the
    Methods.
    Page 2, Line 1-5: There are a number of reasons This is also from the abstract where we did
    why the Indonesian government is unable to mention more factors than simply enforcing
    enforce regulations aimed at conserving forests. regulations. The issue is dealt with at length in
    Could you discuss recommendations for moving the Discussion section. We cannot include a
    forward other than say law enforcement must discussion of all of these points, which are in fact
    improve? I would like to see a clear discussion of issues for all land use planning and policy
    the challenges faced for each of these listed throughout the world. However, we have added
    below? some more text there to address the agrian
    nature of most of Indonesia.
    - Vested interests and the market
    demand/high returns from certain
    agricultural products, e.g. oil palm i.e.
    neoliberalism and capitalism. Everyone
    wants cash. Money talks. Solutions that
    would not enable this are not wanted
    - The messed up land use planning
    plagued by corruption, resulting in
    overlapping land claims and conflicts
    which enables the above to be a free for
    all.
    - Past deforestation and (draining on
    peatlands) has created vast areas of fire-
    prone degraded lands that keep burning
    every year, and escape into forests at
    the margins.
    - The problem is compounded by the fact
    that Indonesia remains an agricultural
    country where a significant chunk of the
    population relies on farming for survival.
    Population pressure and lack of off-farm
    employment compounded by low
    education levels are important factor,
    - Political will - if there was political will
    for change, surely change would be
    possible. A lot of local heads do not want
    to change things because they benefit
    from this corrupt system, for example
    district heads issue oil palm licences
    often in the Kawasan Hutan which is
    against national law.
    - Land Mafia. Complex networks of power
    involving local officials, open up forest
    areas and speculate on the land.

    What are the practical recommendations for


    moving forward with such sensitive issues?
    Partial land amnesty?
    Map de-facto land ownership ?
    Involve KPK in illegal land acquistions?
    Invest in high level education?
    Page 2, Line 21: Can you please define what you See our earlier response.
    mean by forest ? I understand you mean old-
    growth natural forest, but this should be stated
    clearly. You are not referring to planted forests
    for example. You are using a conservationists
    definition of what constitutes forest (also see my
    earlier comment).
    Page 2, Line 25-28: based on these two Thanks for this. You have identified an important
    publications ((Gaveau et al. 2012, Margono et al. issue. We have deleted reference to 6.6 Mha and
    2012), you write that Sumatra has lost between revised the text here to include the Margono
    5 Mha and 6.6 Mha. What is the time period ? estimate and our own, which is 3.5 Mha. We
    Sumatra lost 5 Mha between 1990-2000 (Gaveau explain that the discrepancy is due to our use of
    et al. 2012). And nearly 3 Mha between 2000- Ministry deforestation data, which shows 3.5
    2012 (Margono et al. 2014). So Sumatra lost an Mha lost between 2000 and 2012.
    estimated 8 Mha of old growth and selectively
    logged forest between 1990 and 2012.
    Methods See next comment below
    Page 3, Line 18-23: Please define clearly which
    dataset of deforestation you used.
    Did you re-processed imagery to derive forest
    loss in 2000-2012? If yes, why would you do this
    since Margono et al. 2014 already did this very
    well, with help from Hansen, the guru in
    mapping forest loss. So why re-invent the wheel?
    Looking at Figure 2, I suspect that you used the Yes, we used the Ministry deforestation data.
    deforestation data from the Ministry of Forestry We have amended the text to say this.
    and Environment (BAPLAN) because you slice the
    deforestation for 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
    which is what MoEF did. This dataset is Ok to
    use. The quality is not as good as that created by
    Margono et al 2014, but it is fairly good. Please
    state which dataset you have used or if you have
    reprocessed imagery yourselves?
    Table 1. Add a column with forest area loss in Thanks for this comment. We had not expalined
    hectare and a row for totals for Sumatra, with the discrepancy between our figure of 3.5 Mha
    your data I find a loss of 3.5 Mha. Compared and Margono et als figure of 3 Mha. We used
    with Margono et a. 2014 who find 3Mha during the Ministry of Forestry deforestation data,
    the same period (2000-2012), there is a 500,000 which show a loss of 3.5Mha. This is now
    ha difference. Without knowing wich dataser explained in the text
    you are using to derive these numbers it will be
    impossible to understand the difference
    between datasets.
    It would make sense to present stats of loss per
    protected areas as a new table.
    Figure 1. This is a poor layout. National parks are We have revised the figure so that it is clearer
    not shown well. Please show their extent and
    boundaries, not these weird blue discs.
    Page 11, Line 2. The major cause of We say that the major cause of deforestsation is
    deforestation in Sumatra is logging. Incorrect. logging followed by conversion to plantations
    We need to choose our words carefully here. and agriculture, not logging alone. We agree that
    Logging per se in Indonesia is not a driver of logging, in and of itself, does not cause
    deforestation studies show. Logging is done deforestation. But as discussed extensively, it is a
    selectively. The forest remains, Overall satellite driver of deforestation for the reasons this
    analysis point to regrowth in those areas after reviewer lists here, which are the same ones we
    logging. However, after logging, politicians identify in the paper. We have edited the text to
    change the zoning status of the area from make this clearer.
    permanent production forest to conversion
    forest, and in doing so, legalize conversion to
    plantations, planned deforestation. It is not
    however, logging per se, the culprit. In some
    places like Riau province, there was massive
    illegal logging for the pulp and paper mills,
    where wholesale land clearance has been
    practiced abundantly, so no more selective
    logging in this case. But this, we cannot call
    logging anymore. This is land clearing.
    Page 11, line 9 to 16: what you describe here has Companies are definitely not the only actors but
    happened a lot in Riau. But, it is more they do play a major part and open up the
    complicated. Companies are not the only actors. forests for others to exploit. We have amended
    Local cooperatives, farmers associations, village the text to reflect this.
    organisations, fake companies, and smallholders
    also clear-cut forests and sell by creating parallel
    permits like SKT or SKGR that are not land titles
    the central or even provincial government would
    recognize. You mention overlapping land claims
    as a major problem in the abstract.
    Page 13, paragraph: Policy changes: More policy We agree and we have added a short paragraph
    changes were associated with deforestation. under the Policy heading to reflect this.
    Indonesias government willingness to become
    the number producer of palm oil for example.
    There has been a major boom in oil palm
    expansion since 2005 as a result and more
    deforestation. Everyone wants to grow oil palm,
    from small medium to large in Riau for example,
    where you show that 1.8 Mha of forest were
    converted in 2000-2012. Decentralization also
    allowed bupatis to issue oil palm licenses more
    freely. This has had a more important impact on
    forest than the 100 ha logging concessions you
    write about in this paragraph.

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