Benchmark V Travis Kalanick and Uber
Benchmark V Travis Kalanick and Uber
Benchmark V Travis Kalanick and Uber
Transaction ID 61004168
Case No. 2017-0575-SG
IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
Page
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... ii
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1
BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 2
ARGUMENT ............................................................................................................. 5
Page(s)
Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc. v. Cardegna,
546 U.S. 440 (2006) ............................................................................................ 11
Carter v. Pearlman,
1998 WL 326605 (Del. Ch.) ............................................................................... 16
Chandler v. Ciccoricco,
2003 WL 21040185 (Del. Ch.) ..................................................................... 16-17
McLaughlin v. McCann,
942 A.2d 616 (Del. Ch. 2008) .......................................................................... 6-8
ii
Orix LF, LP v. Inscap Asset Mgmt., LLC,
2010 WL 1463404 (Del. Ch.) .............................................................7, 10, 12, 14
STATUTES
10 DEL. C. 5702(c) .................................................................................................. 8
OTHER AUTHORITIES
Court of Chancery Rule 12(b)(1) .....................................................................2, 5, 17
iii
INTRODUCTION
All of the claims asserted in this matter are subject to mandatory arbitration.
Benchmark Capital Partners VII, L.P. (Benchmark) filed this lawsuit based
from media reports and even the fabricated claims made in litigation by a company
tirelessly stewarded Uber from the germ of an idea through its earliest days as a
startup, through more than seven years of consistent, phenomenal growth, into a
company now valued at more than $70 billion, which has increased the value of
control over three new seats on Ubers board through the June 1, 2016 Amended
as Benchmark is well aware, they were filed in the wrong forum, as they uniformly
Subject to two minor carveouts that are not applicable here, the arbitration
claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement. Ex. 1 hereto (Voting Agreement)
5.18. The parties have delegated the question of arbitrability to the arbitrator, but
regardless of who makes this decision, each of Benchmarks claims easily falls
within the scope of the broad arbitration provision. Consequently, this case should
BACKGROUND
Travis Kalanick cofounded Uber with a friend in 2010. From those humble
technology company, valued at $70 billion, and the undisputed leader of the ride-
sharing industry. Naturally, given this strong record of growth, investors have
flocked to the company. Benchmark was one of the first, and it has reaped massive
rewardsjust six years after making its $12 million investment, its stake in the
As significant investors came to Uber over the years, they often bargained for
a board seat, and each time this occurred the companys Voting Agreement 1 was
amended and restated. The Voting Agreement takes the companys board seats, as
established in its Bylaws and Certificate of Incorporation, and allocates the right to
1
Unless otherwise specified, the term Voting Agreement refers to the June 1, 2016
Uber Technologies, Inc. Amended and Restated Voting Agreement, which is
currently in effect.
2
fill them to various stakeholders. See, e.g., Voting Agreement 1.1(a) (assigning
initially be Bill Gurley or Matt Cohler). All the signatories are then bound to vote
for the people thus chosen. See id. 1.1. The Voting Agreement also contains a
broad arbitration provision that, subject to two minor carveouts that are not
(PIF) made a massive, $3.5 billion investment in the company. Per the normal
course of events, the Voting Agreement was amended to give PIF the right to
designate a member of Ubers board. See id. 1.1(e)(ii). Mr. Kalanick, however,
amended to give him the right to appoint three additional members to newly-created
seats on the board. Although all of Ubers principal investors, including Benchmark,
agreed to this change, Benchmarks complaint now seeks to strip Mr. Kalanick of
his right under the Voting Agreement to appoint these additional board members.
Given the prominent role that the Voting Agreement plays in this dispute, it
claims that, in order to control the three new board seats, Mr. Kalanick induced it to
3
Benchmark similarly claims it was approached on May 23, 2016 to consider certain
amendments to the Prior Voting Agreement and other documents adding board
seats. Id. 22. It claims these amendments together gave Mr. Kalanick the ability
to appoint hand-picked directors to those seats, id. 24; that Mr. Kalanick did not
Agreement, id. 25; and that on June 1, 2016, Benchmark and the other
shareholders ultimately granted Mr. Kalanick the ability to appoint directors to the
arbitrator to make. But regardless of the decision maker, as set forth fully below,
each of Benchmarks four claims arise out of and relate to the Voting
Agreement, making them subject to the broad arbitration provision therein. For
arbitration. This result not only is compelled by the contract to which Benchmark
agreed, but it furthers the interests of Uber, the entity Benchmark purports to be
serving.
4
ARGUMENT
Delaware courts lack subject matter jurisdiction to adjudicate disputes that the
parties have contractually agreed to arbitrate. Elf Atochem N. Am., Inc. v. Jaffari,
727 A.2d 286, 295 (Del. 1999). [A] Rule 12(b)(1) motion will be granted if the
Thus, the Court must first resolve the threshold issue of who decides the question of
American Arbitration Association (AAA), the parties agreed that the arbitrator
Although a court can decide whether a given claim is arbitrable, the parties
can commit that decision to the arbitrator if they do so clearly and unmistakably.
James & Jackson, LLC v. Willie Gary, LLC, 906 A.2d 76, 79 (Del. 2006) (internal
arbitration clause that generally provides for arbitration of all disputes and also
arbitrability. Id. at 80. Taking the second requirement first, the Voting Agreement
5
specifically requires the use of the AAA rules in any arbitration. See Voting
Agreement 5.18 (any arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the AAA
rules then in effect). Under those rules, [t]he arbitrator shall have the power to
rule on his or her own jurisdiction, including questions about the scope of the
arbitration clause. AAA Commercial Rule R-7(a). The second Willie Gary
requirement accordingly is met. See McLaughlin v. McCann, 942 A.2d 616, 625
(Del. Ch. 2008) (courts apply a heavy presumption that the parties agreed by
referencing the AAA Rules that the arbitrator, and not a court, would resolve
The first prong of Willie Gary is met if an arbitration clause provides for
arbitration of a wide array of potential claims, unless the clauses carveouts and
also Redeemer Comm. of Highland Crusader Fund v. Highland Capital Mgmt., L.P.,
otherwise broad arbitration provision, alone, will not result in a failure of the first
prong of Willie Gary.); State v. Corr. Officers Assn, 2016 WL 6819733, at *6 (Del.
Ch.) (Delaware courts have repeatedly rejected the Departments argument that, if
an arbitration provision contains any exceptions, then the parties did not intend to
6
empower the arbitrator to determine substantive arbitrability for all other contractual
claims.).
Delaware courts have found the use of both arising out of and relating to
Asset Mgmt., LLC, 2010 WL 1463404, at *7 (Del. Ch.); see also, e.g., State v. Philip
Morris USA, Inc., 2006 WL 3690892, at *4 (Del. Ch.) (clause requiring arbitration
clause), affd, 925 A.2d 504 (Del. 2007); Karish v. SI Intl, Inc., 2002 WL 1402303,
at *3-4 (Del. Ch.) (The arbitration clause of the LLC Agreement uses the broadly
Because the clause is broad, the first Willie Gary prong is met unless the
that the arbitrator decides arbitrability. McLaughlin, 942 A.2d at 625. The broad
arbitration clause here admits only two narrow exceptions, both of which are
7
provisional remedy or equitable relief relating to a partys intellectual property
rights may be pursued in court. Id. But this exception applies only to intellectual
property claims, and thus it too has no bearing here. These two irrelevant exceptions
indicate that the parties meant to eschew the AAA rules on substantive arbitrability.
Because the parties agreed to a broad arbitration clause that incorporates the
AAA rules, any arbitrability questions must be raised before the arbitrator.
are arbitrable. The Federal Arbitration Act, which governs this issue,2 embodies a
565 U.S. 95, 98 (2012). Delaware law and policy are in accord. Elf Atochem, 727
A.2d at 295 (noting Delawares strong public policy in favor of arbitration). Under
both the FAA and Delaware law, any doubts about the scope of an arbitration clause
2
Under 10 Del. C. 5702(c), all arbitration agreements that do not specifically
reference the Delaware Uniform Arbitration Act, as the one relevant here does not,
are analyzed in this Court in conformity with the Federal Arbitration Act and
such general principles of law and equity as are not inconsistent with that Act.
8
Shearson Lehman Hutton, Inc., 514 U.S. 52, 62 (1995) (ambiguities as to the scope
covers a particular claim. First, it asks whether the arbitration clause is broad or
narrow. Parfi Holding AB v. Mirror Image Internet, Inc., 817 A.2d 149, 155 (Del.
contractual arbitration clauses are generally interpreted broadly by the courts. See
Halpern Med. Servs., LLC v. Geary, 2012 WL 691623, at *2 (Del. Ch.); see also Li,
broad, then the Court will defer to arbitration so long as the claim merely
155. Under the parties agreement, that standard is satisfied as long as Benchmarks
claims arise out of or relate to the Voting Agreement. See Karish, 2002 WL
whether the dispute is one that, on its face, falls within the arbitration clause of the
contract. (quoting SBC Interactive, Inc. v. Corporate Media Partners, 714 A.2d
9
As set forth above, the arbitration clause here is extremely broad. See Voting
Agreement 5.18; Orix LF, 2010 WL 1463404, at *7 (Delaware courts have found
the use of both arising out of and relating to language in an arbitration provision
analysis demonstrates, there is no question that all of Benchmarks claims fall within
The second claim seeks to determine the validity of Mr. Kalanicks right to
hold or continue to hold the office of director. Compl. 71. In other words, it asks
the Court to determine whether Mr. Kalanick validly exercised his right under the
Voting Agreement to appoint himself to one of the three new board seats that
Agreement affords him. See Id. 72; Voting Agreement 1.1(e). This claim
unquestionably relates to the Voting Agreement, the terms and validity of which
The third claim takes aim at the Voting Agreement as a whole, alleging that
On its face, this claim arises out of and relates to the Voting Agreement.
10
contract containing an arbitration clause are arbitrable unless the claim is that the
not make. See, e.g., Karish, 2002 WL 1402303, at *4; Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc.
v. Cardegna, 546 U.S. 440, 44546 (2006) (citing Prima Paint Corp. v. Flood &
Conklin Mfg. Co., 388 U.S. 395, 40304 (1967)). Nor could it. Not only is the
arbitration provision in the June 2016 Voting Agreement identical to the arbitration
provision in the previous iterations of that contract, compare Compl. Ex. C 5.18
with Ex. 1 5.18, but the same clause appears in the proposed amended agreement
that Benchmark itself recently has attempted unsuccessfully to force Mr. Kalanick
bound by certain statements from his June 20, 2017 resignation letter regarding the
Voting Agreement. Benchmark claims this letter modified the Voting Agreements
allocation to Mr. Kalanick of the right to appoint two additional board members
beside himself. Compl. 85; Voting Agreement 1.1(e). It claims that [t]o date,
however, Kalanick has refused to sign a further amendment to the Voting Agreement
to implement his binding commitment. Compl. 84. Obviously, this claim that
Mr. Kalanick must modify his right to appoint members under the Voting Agreement
relates to the agreement that grants him those rights in the first place.
11
In short, Claims Two, Three, and Four indisputably should be dismissed or
takes aim at the amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation, rather than the
companion Voting Agreement. See Compl. 65. Setting aside its lack of
arbitration clause contained in one of them. See Orix LF, LP, 2010 WL 1463404, at
*7 (arbitration clause in one contract applied to other contract executed on the same
agreements are executed on the same day and are coordinated to the degree outlined
3
This conclusion applies squarely to all of the relief Benchmark seeks, including
injunctive relief, which the arbitrator is authorized to award if appropriate. See AAA
Commercial Rule R-47(a) (The arbitrator may grant any remedy or relief that the
arbitrator deems just and equitable and within the scope of the agreement of the
parties.); see also Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20, 32
(1991) (arbitrators do have the power to fashion equitable relief). The arbitration
clause itself confirms that, except for requests for provisional or equitable relief in
intellectual property disputeswhich is not implicated here[a]ny unresolved
controversy or claim arising out of or relating to the Voting Agreement is to be
resolved in arbitration. Voting Agreement 5.18 (emphasis added).
12
above, in essence, they form one contract and must be examined as such. (internal
executed the consent to the Certificate and the Voting Agreement on or about the
is beside the point; the Certificate needed to be amended to add the new board seats,
but it was the Voting Agreement that was amended the same day to give Mr.
Kalanick the right to choose who would occupy them. And, obviously, the remedy
Mr. Kalanicks right under the Voting Agreement to fill them. See Wilcox & Fetzer,
Ltd. v. Corbett & Wilcox, 2006 WL 2473665, at *4 (Del. Ch.) (arbitration clause
Benchmarks own factual allegations make clear that the amendments to the
relate to one another. Benchmark claims it was approached on May 23, 2016, to
Compl. 22. The goal of these changes, Benchmark alleges, was to allow Mr.
Kalanick to obtain[] three additional Board seats. Id. 25. Similarly, in the very
13
introduction of its Complaint, Benchmark asserts that these amendments included
occupy three newly created Board seats. Id. 4 (emphasis added). Mr. Kalanick
has not held a majority of Ubers common stock in the relevant period, see id. 18,
so the Certificate amendment alone did not grant him the absolute right to do
anything; it was the Voting Agreement amendment that did so. The Complaint also
makes clear that Mr. Kalanicks right to control these seats (which is conferred by
the Voting Agreement) rather than their mere existence (a product of the Certificate)
obtained control of three newly created seats on Ubers Board (emphasis added)).
Because the parties agreed to arbitrate all disputes relating to the Voting
Certificate are deeply intertwined with respect to the issues before the Court,
Agreement. See Orix LF, LP, 2010 WL 1463404, at *7; Wilcox & Fetzer, 2006 WL
Mr. Kalanick with legal action in recent weeks, it stated that its claims would take
the form of an arbitration demand (what changed in the interim is a matter known
only to Benchmark).
14
Benchmark attempts to avoid this conclusion with the odd allegation that
Kalanick and his allies controlled the companys common stock in June 2016,
such that the mere addition of the board seats harmed Benchmark. Compl. 65.
That suggestion ignores that allocation of the companys board seats is controlled
by the Voting Agreement, not the Certificate. If the Voting Agreement had allowed
Benchmark (rather than Mr. Kalanick) to fill the three additional seats, Benchmark
assuredly would not be claiming harm from their addition. Similarly, if the Voting
Agreement were set aside and if Mr. Kalanick effectively controlled the companys
common shares, as Benchmark alleges, then the added seats would have been
irrelevant because Mr. Kalanick already would have controlled the board based upon
the pre-existing six common directors and two preferred directors. Simply put,
the various shareholders under the Voting Agreement. To give just one example of
the primacy of the Voting Agreement, one seat that the Certificate of Incorporation
Agreements allocation of the three seats to Mr. Kalanick, not the Certificates
Nor does the fact that this claim arises under Section 225though in
substance it is a fraud claim crammed uncomfortably into the form of Section 225
15
somehow exempt it from the parties arbitration agreement. If a Section 225 claim
poses a real threat of conflict with the right to arbitrate, then the Court should refer
(dicta); see also Rohe v. Reliance Training Network, Inc., 2000 WL 1038190, at *8
n.16 (Del. Ch.) (in Section 225 claim, dispute amounting to a dispute regarding
the relevant contracts is a matter for the arbitrator) (dicta). Indeed, arbitration
provisions routinely are enforced in the context of statutory rights and procedures
that on their face permit access to the courts. See, e.g., Elf Atochem, 727 A.2d at
29596 (party cannot avoid arbitration agreement [b]y resorting to the alleged
special jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery over claim to remove LLC manager);
CompuCredit Corp., 565 U.S. at 100 (use of terms action, class action, and
court in provisions of Credit Repair Organization Act did not prevent enforcement
causes of action to describe the details of those causes of action, including the relief
available, in the context of a court suit, but it is not the law that those formulations
Finally, in its recent letter to the Court, Benchmark suggested that it plans to
argue that this claim arises out of breaches of fiduciary duties that do not arise from
or relate to the voting agreement. Dkt. 20 (August 15, 2017 Ltr.) at 2 (citing
16
inapposite; in that case, the arbitration agreement was signed in connection with a
purchase agreement in 2000, but the conduct at issue occurred two years later and
concerned an entirely separate issue of shares. Id. *5 & *15 n.65. Here, in contrast,
the wrong that Benchmark allegesthat Mr. Kalanick deceived them into increasing
his control over the boardis obviously and inextricably related to the document
CONCLUSION
For all of the foregoing reasons, Benchmarks claims should be dismissed
pursuant to Court of Chancery Rule 12(b)(1) or, in the alternative, stayed in favor of
arbitration.
OF COUNSEL:
By: /s/ Donald J. Wolfe, Jr.
Joseph G. Petrosinelli Donald J. Wolfe, Jr. (No. 285)
Kenneth J. Brown Kevin R. Shannon (No. 3137)
WILLIAMS & CONNOLLY LLP T. Brad Davey (No. 5094)
725 Twelfth Street, N.W. J. Matthew Belger (No. 5707)
Washington, D.C. 20005 Jacob R. Kirkham (No. 5768)
(202) 434-5000 1313 N. Market Street
Hercules Plaza, 6th Floor
Wilmington, DE 19899-0951
(302) 984-6000
Dated: August 17, 2017 Attorneys for Defendant Travis Kalanick
5368101
WORDS: 3,969
17
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
document was served electronically upon the following counsel of record via File &
ServeXpress: