HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY

PATAN - 384 265

NAAC Accreditation Grade - B

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

B. Sc. Programme in BOTANY subject

Under CBCS :: Semester :: Grading Pattern

Syllabus and Examination Scheme for

Semesters V and VI
With effect from
June 2013 and December 2013
respectively

Date: 25/03/2012 Total Pages: 1 to 38

Page 1 of 38
 Syllabus for
B. Sc. (Semester V and VI) programme in
BOTANY
IN FORCE FROM
ACADEMIC YEAR
June 2013 and December 2013

Summary of the Programme

Syllabus duration Semester pattern i.e., Six
months
No. of core compulsory (CC) course 04 (in each semester)
Credits per CC course 03
Total credits for CC course 12/Semester
Theory lectures per CC course 03 / Week
Total Theory lectures for CC cour se 12 / Week
No. of Practical courses per semester 04 (each from CC course)
Practical lectures 03 /Week/course/batch
Total Practical lectures 12 / Week/ batch
Credits per Practical course 1.5
Total Credits of Practical course 06 /Semester
No. of Practical course ( in Uni. Exam. ) 03 /Semester
No. of Elective Subjective (ES) course 01 (in each semester)
Credits for ES course 02 (in each semester)
Theory lectures per ES course 02/Week
No. of Elective Generic (EG) course 01
Credits for EG course 02
Theory lectures per EG course 02/ Week
Examination (including Preparation)(weeks) 05
No. of Days per week 06
Weeks (days) available for Teaching 15 (90)
Duration of each lecture (minutes) 55
No. of students/batch 15(on approval of AC and Exam. unit)

Page 2 of 38
 Under Choice Based Credit System-Semester-Grading System pattern
B. Sc. Programme in Botany
Semester-V and VI

The 11th Five Year plan of India proposed various measures for academic reforms in higher education.
Keeping in view the challenges of the changed times and make the higher education in Indian
Universities compatible with the universities in developed nations, the UGC (11 th Plan, March 2009) and
later on the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) stressed on the following rec ommendations:
Semester System
Choice Based Credit System.
Curriculum Development
Examination Reforms
Administrative Reforms

All the above recommendations for reforms have been reviewed in by representatives of various
universities in the Gujarat State and considered for implementation with the aim of transforming Higher
Education-a transformation where students change from being passive recipients of knowledge to
becoming active participants of the knowledge imbibing process . The education system in the St ate
thus changes from a teacher -centric to learner-centric mode. It should aim at all -round integral
development of students personality so that they become good citizens of the new world order.

Salient Features
CBCS in UG programme in BotanySemester V and VI shall be offered from the Academic year June
2013 and December 2013respectively.
Botany subject in the Universities/Affiliated Colleges shall offer undergraduate programme in Faculty
of Science from the Academic year 2011 -12.
A student will have to get enrolled a Core course depending upon his/her requirement of a degree in
the said discipline of study. A student will have a choice of selecting an Elective as well as
Foundation courses from a pool of courses.
Each course shall be assigned a specific number of Credits.
A Core course is the course which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a Core
requirement so as to get degree in a said discipline of study.
There shall be fourCore Compulsory courses (Theory) each with 3 credits in each semester and their
practicals each with 1.5 credits. Thus, a credit weight-age in B Sc programme for each semester
core course shall be of 18 credits. In short, 4.5 credits multiplied by 4 subjects equal to total of 18
credits.
In addition to the Core course s, a student will have to choose Elective as well as Foundation courses
from a pool of courses.
Two courses of Elective, one each from Generic Elective and Interdisciplinary / Multidisciplinary /
Subject centric electives shall have to be offered. The cred it weight-age for each Elective course
shall be of 02 Credits. Hence, a total credit weight -age for Elective courses shall be of 4 credits.
One Foundation (English Language L.L.) course shall have to be offered. The credit weight -age for
Foundation course shall be of 02 credits.

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Each course shall have a unique Course code. The Core courses, Elective courses and the Foundation
courses shall be abbreviated respectively as CC, PC, EG, ES and FC.
1. Core Compulsory CC
Practical Core (Core Elective) PC
2. Elective Generic EG
Elective Subject ES
3. Foundation Compulsory FC

Each Academic year shall consist of two semesters, each of 15weeks of teaching equivalent to 90
working days. The Odd semester period shall be from July to November and the Even semester per iod
shall be from December to April.

The course with 3 credits shall be of 45 hrs (15 weeks x 3 credits) duration. The course with 2 credits
shall be of 30 hrs (15 weeks x 2 credits) duration>

A general framework for Bachelor of Science (B Sc) programme s hall be as follows:

Semester wise credits Total credits of
I II III IV V VI the Programme
24 24 24 24 24 24 144

The semester wise weight age of core, elective and foundation courses shall be as follows:

Academic Core compulsory Elective Foundation

year Courses courses courses
Semester I & II 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%
Semester III & IV 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%
Semester V & VI 65-75% 15-20% 10-15%

Attendance:
The Attendance Rules as per the norms of Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University.
Medium of Instruction:
The Medium of Instruction shall be of Gujarati medium. Student is free to write answers either in
Gujarati and/or English language.
Language of Question paper:
Question paper should be drawn in Gujarati language and its English version should be given.
Evaluation Methods:
1. A student shall be evaluated through Comprehensive Continuous Assessment ( CCA)/ (Internal
Evaluation) as well as the End of Semester examination (External Evaluation). The weight-age
of CCA shall be 30%, whereas the weight -age of the Semester end examination shall be 70%. There
will be no internal evaluation in practical courses as well as in elective courses.

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2. The In Semester assessment ( CCA)/ (Internal Evaluation) is spread through the duration of the
course and is to be done by the Teacher teaching the course. BoS of the subjects will decide various
criteria and their weight-age for CCA. The assessment is to be done by various means including:

Written Tests
MCQs based Tests/Quiz
Presentations/Seminars
Project work/Field work
Group discussions/Group activities
Assignments, etc.
The distribution of Internal Evaluation is given as per criteria given below for 30 marks:
Written Test 20 marks,
Assignments/MCQs/Very Short questions 5 marks and
Attendance, Regularity, Punctua lity 5 marks.

3. The End of Semester examination (External Evaluation) shall have an assessment based upon
following perspective with respect to all the courses:

Evaluation with respect to Knowledge

Evaluation with respect to Understanding
Evaluation with respect to Skill
Evaluation with respect to Application
Higher Order Thinking Skills

4. There shall be following types of Questions from each unit of the course.

MCQs/Fill in the blanks/ Match the pairs, etc

Short answer questions
Medium answer questions
Long answer questions
Examples/ Problems, etc.

5. The End of Semester Examination will be conducted by the University. A certified journal of the
respective practical course must be produced at the time of practical examination by the student.

6. It will be compulsory for a candidate to obtain passing percentage in both Internal as well as
External Evaluation. The passing marks for each course shall be 40% as decided by concern Board
of Studies in Botany.

7. Promotion, Re-Admission and Time for Compl etion of Course, Procedure for Awarding Grades,
Provision for Appeal, etc. as decided by the Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University.

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Study tour:

Botanical excursion/study tour may be arranged (by the concern faculty with prior permission of HoD
and/or Principal) within state and/or outside the state to explore /studyplant diversity in its natural
habitats.

Submission:

Instead of submission of Herbarium sheets and/or specimens at the time of final (Uni.) practical
examination student may submit photographs /drawings or CD having such photographs/drawings
of plant species to conserve plant species in their natural habitats and to avoid any damage to plant
species and its natural habitat.

Selection of Elective (Subjective) course :

For semester-V and VI a common list of three courses is given below. Students are requested to select
any one of three courses in Semester -V and then in Semester-VI one course may be selected from
the rest of the two courses.

1. ES BOT-301:: Pharmacognosy of Herbal Drugs

2. ES BOT-302 :: Fresh Water Ecology
3. ES BOT-303 :: Air Pollution

Selection of Elective (Generic) course :

For all Semesters-I to VI a separate list consists of new courses of Elective (Generic) is given by the
Universityin Paripatra Kramank: 172/2012 . Students may select any one of the courses as
mentioned below forSemester-V and VI separately.As per Paripatra in Semester -V there are two
courses 1. Indian constitution and 2. Data Base Management System (DBMS). In Semester-VI
there are two courses 1. Information Technology and 2. Naturopathy.

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 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
B.Sc. three year (General) Programme with 144 credits
Semester-V and VI in BOTANY w.e.f. June-2013 and December-2013 respectively
General Pattern/Scheme of study components along with credits
Study Components Ins. Examination Credits
Hrs/ Internal Uni. Total
Week Marks Exam. Marks
Marks
Semester-V
Core Compulsory (CC) Course
CC-I-7 Core Course-I (Paper-7) 3 30 70 100 3
CC-I-8 Core Course-I (Paper-8) 3 30 70 100 3
CC-I-9 Core Course-II (Paper-9) 3 30 70 100 3
CC-I-10 Core Course-II (Paper-10) 3 30 70 100 3
Soft-skill: Practical Core (PC) Course
PC-I-7 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-7) 3 50 50 1.5
PC-I-8 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-8) 3 50 50 1.5
PC-I-9 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-9) 3 50 50 1.5
PC-I-10 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-10) 3 50 50 1.5
Foundation Course (FC)
FG-31 Compulsory English (L.L.) 3 30 70 100 2
Elective Course (EC)
EG-31 Elective (Generic) Course 2 50 50 2
ES-31 Elective (Subject) Course 2 50 50 2
30 150 650 800 24

Semester-VI
Core Compulsory (CC) Course
CC-I-11 Core Course-I (Paper-11) 3 30 70 100 3
CC-I-12 Core Course-I (Paper-12) 3 30 70 100 3
CC-I-13 Core Course-II (Paper-13) 3 30 70 100 3
CC-I-14 Core Course-II (Paper-14) 3 30 70 100 3
Soft-skill: Practical Core (PC) Cour se
PC-I-11 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-11) 3 50 50 1.5
PC-I-12 Practical Core Course-I (Paper-12) 3 50 50 1.5
PC-I-13 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-13) 3 50 50 1.5
PC-I-14 Practical Core Course-II (Paper-14) 3 50 50 1.5
Foundation Course (FC)
FG-32 Compulsory English (L.L.) 3 30 70 100 2
Elective Course (EC)
EG-32 Elective (Generic) Course 2 50 50 2
ES-32 Elective (Subject) Course 2 50 50 2
30 150 650 800 24

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 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B. Sc. (Semester-V and VI) Programme
Format for Question paper
Core Complementary Course in Botany
Time: 3 Hours [w. e. f. June 2013 and December 2013] Total Marks: 70

1. Long answered and medium answered/short note -typed questions from each Unit-I 20
a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)
b. Medium answered or short note -typed questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 3 marks)
2. Long answered and medium answered/short note -typed questions from each Unit-II 20
a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)
b. Medium answered or short note -typed questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 3 marks)
3. Long answered and medium answered/short note -typed questions from each Unit-III 20
a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)
b. Medium answered or short note -typed questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 3 marks)
4. Questions such as, MCQs, Fill in the blanks, Match the pairs, very short answered questions, etc. 10
(Each of 1 Mark) [Total 10, at least three questions from each Unit]

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HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN

Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B. Sc. (Semester-V and VI) Programme
Format for Question paper
Elective (Subject) Course in Botany
Time: 2 Hours [w. e. f. June 2013 and December 2013] Total Marks: 50

1. Long answered and medium answ ered/short note-typed questions from each Unit-I 20
a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)
b. Medium answered or short note -typed questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 3 marks)
2. Long answered and medium answe red/short note-typed questions from each Unit-II 20
a. Long answered questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 7 marks)
b. Medium answered or short note -typed questions (Attempt any two from three, each of 3 marks)
3. Questions such as, MCQs, Fill in the blanks, Match the pairs, very short answered questions, etc. 10
(Each of 1 Mark) [Total 10, Five questions from each Unit]

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 Semester-V :: BOTANY:: Core Compulsory
For Semester-end examination there will be
FOUR theory and
THREE practical courses
as mentioned below:

CORE COMPULSORY COURSE

CC-BOT-311
(Algae, Fungi and Plant Pathology )

CC-BOT-312
(Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnosperms )

CC-BOT-313
(Angiosperm Families, Plant Ecology and Plant A natomy )

CC-BOT-314
(Cell Biology & Genetics, Microbiology and Biostatistics )

CORE COMPULSORY PRACTICAL COURSE

PC-BOT-311
(Algae, Fungi, Plant PathologyandBryophyta )

PC-BOT-312
(Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperm Familiesand Plant Ecology )

PC-BOT-313
(Plant Anatomy, Cell Biology & Genetics, Microbiology and Biostatistics )

Page 9 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V)Programme
Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY
CC-BOT-311(Algae, Fungi and Plant Pathology )
Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0
Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: Algae
Cyanobacteria: General characters, Organization of Thallus: Unicellular forms, Collonial forms:
Non-filamentous and Filamentous colonies. Economic importance of Cyanobacteria.
General characters of Algae andThallus organization of Algae: Colonial, Coenobium and
Filamentous. Ultra structure of Algal (Eukaryotic) cell i.e., Chlamydomonas cell. Harmful aspects
of Algae.
Typical life histories of algae belonging to various divisions including classification
(Smith,1958), occurrence, structure, reproduction (excluding development):
o Cyanophyta: Nostoc
o Chlorophyta: Oedogonium
o Phaeophyta: Ectocarpus
o Rhodophyta: Batrachospermum

PRACTICALS:
Classify with reasons (up to family), i dentify and describe structural peculiarities of Algae mentioned in Theory
syllabus.
Cyanophyta: Nostoc
Material: Vegetative structure.
Permanent slide: Thallus, Heterocyst.
Chlorophyta: Oedogonium
Material: Vegetative structure (Thallus), Antheridium: M acrandrous sp., Oogonium:
Macrandrous sp.
Permanent slide: Thallus, Antheridium: Macrandrous sp., Antheridium: Nanandrous species.,
Oogonium: Macrandrous species., Zygote.
Phaeophyta: Ectocarpus
Material: Veg.structure, asexual reproductive struct ures- Uni & Pluri-locular sporangia
Permanent slide: Thallus, asexual reproduction- Uni and Pluri-locular sporangia.
Rhodophyta: Batrachospermum
Materail: Vegetativeand reproductive structure - carposporangia and cystocarp
Permanent slide: Thallus, cystocarp.

References:
Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) A Text Book of Botany, Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata(1 st
Editions Reprint).
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Editions
Reprint).
Vasishtha B R, Sinha A K and Singh V P (2007), Botany for degree students-Algae (5th edition), S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New
Delhi.Pandey B P (2001), College Botany Vol. I, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Purohit S S and Deo P P (2005), UGC Unified College Botany First Year, Student edition, Jodhpur.
Gangulee S.C., Das K.S., Dutta C.D. and Kar (1985), College Botany Vol. I, II & III , New Central Book Agency, Kolkata.
Pandey S N, Misra S P, Mukharjee and Trivedi P S (2003) A Text Book of Botany Vol.I& II, Vikas Publ. H. P L, N. Delhi.

Page 10 of 38
Unit-II :: Fungi
General characters, Modes of nutrition, Thallus organization: Unicelluar, Filamentous - aseptate
and septate mycelia.
Typical life histories of fungi belonging to various division s including Classification
(G C Ainsworth, 1973), occurrence, structure, reproduction (excluding development):
o Oomycetes: Pythium
o Ascomycetes: Erysiphae
o Basidiomycetes: Agaricus
Forms of spore in Fungi: Asexual Spores, Sexual Spores.

PRACTICALS:
Classify with reasons (up to family), identify and describe structural peculiarities of Fungi mentioned in Theory
syllabus.
Oomycetes: Pythium
Material: Vegetative structure, Reproductive body: Asexual and Sexual.
Permanent slide: Mycelium, Reproductive structure: Asexual, Sexual and Zygospore.
Ascomycetes: Erysiphae
Material: Vegetative structure, reproductive body -cleistothecium.
Permanent slide: Mycelium, reproductive structure - cleistothecium.
Basidiomycetes: Agaricus
Material: reproductive fruiting bodies
Permanent slide: reproductive structure, L. S. and T. S. of gills.

References:
Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany, Vol -I, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata (1st
Editions Reprint).
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (4th Revised Editions
Reprint).
Sharma P D (2003) The Fungi, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2nd Editions Reprint).
Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Student s Fungi, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1st Editions
Revised and Multicolour-Reprint).
Vasishtha B R and Sinha A K (2002), Botany for degree students -Fungi (5th edition), S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi
Sharma O P (2002), Text Book of Fungi (9th edit ion), Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co Ltd.,Delhi
Dubey H.C. (2005), An Introduction to Fungi, (3rd edition), Vikas Publishing House P. Ltd.,New Delhi
Sundra Rajan S (2001), Introduction to Fungi, (1st edition), Anmol Publications P. Ltd., New Delhi.
Swanton E W (2002), Fungi (), Surbhi Publications, Jaipur
Alexopoulos C.J., Mims C W and Blackwell M (2002)Introductory Mycology (3rd edition), John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Sumbali Geeta (2005), The Fungi, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
Pandey B P ( 2002), Botany B Sc I, S Chand & Co L, New Delhi

Unit-III :: Plant Pathology

The Fundamentals of Plant Pathology: Plant Pathogens: Bacteria, Virus and Fungi.
Classification of plant diseases on the basis of nature of the causal agent and occurrence.
General symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle and control measures of following Plant
diseases:
White rust of Crucifer,
Black rust of Wheat and
Wilt of Cotton

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PRACTICALS:
Plant diseases: Study through Fresh/Preserved material and Permanent slide
White rust of Crucifer- reproductive structure-conidia
Black rust of Wheat- reproductive structures-Telutospores, Uredospores
Wilt of Cotton- reproductive structure-conidia, cleistothecium

References:
Rangaswami G (1988) Diseases of Crop plants in India, Prentice -Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (3rd Edition).
Pandey B P (2006) Plant Pathology -Pathogen and Plant Diseases, S Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi (1st Editions
Reprint).
Mehrotra R S (1991) Plant Pathology, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delh i (8th Editions
Reprint).
Agrios George N (2004) Plant Pathology, Academic Press, Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (4th Edition/
1st Indian Editions Reprint).
Sharma P D (2003) Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2n d Editions Reprint).

Page 12 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V)Programme
Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY
CC-BOT-312 (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnos perms)
Theory teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0
Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: Bryophyta
General characters of Bryophyta. Origin of Bryophyta: From Algae and From Pteridophytes.
Vegetative reproduction in Bryophytes.
Typical life-histories of Bryophyta belonging to various divisions including Classification
(Proskauer, 1957), Occurrence, External and Internal Structure of Thallus and Reproduction
(excluding development).
o Hepaticopsida: Riccia
o Anthocerotopsida: Anthoceros
o Bryopsida: Funaria

PRACTICALS:
Classify with reasons (up to family), identify and describe struct ural peculiarities of Bryophytes mentioned in
Theory syllabus.
Hepaticopsida:Riccia
Material: Vegetative structure: Thallus, Reproductive body: Antheridia and Archegonia.

Permanent slide: Tallus (W M), V S of Thallus, Reproductive structure: Antheridia (W M)

and Archegonia (W M), V S of Sporophyte/Capsule.

Anthocerotopsida:Anthoceros
Material: Vegetative structure: Thallus, Reproductive body: Sporophyte/Capsule.

Permanent slide: Tallus (W M), V S of Thallus, Reproductive structure: Antheridia (W M)

and Archegonia (W M), T S of Sporophyte/Capsule V S of Sporophyte/Capsule.

Bryopsida: Funaria
Material: Vegetative structure: Thallus, Sex organs, Sporophyte/Capsule, Spores, Peristomal
teeth.

Permanent slide: Tallus (W M), Sex organs, L.S. of capsule, Peristom e, Protonema.

References:
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Editions
Reprint).
Vashishta B R and Sinha A K ( 2007) Botany for Degree Students Bryophyta, S Chand & CompanyLtd., N ew Delhi (1 st
Editions Revised and Multicolour -Reprint).
A V S S Sambamurty (2005), A text book of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Paleobotany ( ),
Parihar N.S. ( ), Pteridophyta

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Unit-II :: Pteridophyta
General characters of Pteridophyta. Apospory and Apogamy.
Types of Stele in Pteridophytes.
Typical life-histories of Pteridophyta belonging to various divisions including Classification
(Smith, 1955), Occurrence, External and Internal Structure of Plant body and Reproducti on
(excluding development).
o Lycophyta: Selaginella
o Arthrophyta: Equisetum
o Pterophyta: Leptosporangiopsida :Marsilea

PRACTICALS:
Classify with reasons (up to family), identify and describe structural peculiarities of Pteridophytes mentioned in
Theory syllabus.
Lycophyta: Selaginella
Material: Plant body (Veg organs -root, stem, rhizophoe, leaf), reproduction - cone/ strobilus.
Permanent slide: Plant body (WM), T.S. of root, T.S. of stem, T.S. of rhizophore, leaf (WM),
reproduction: L. S. of cone, Megaspore (WM), Microspore (WM).
Arthrophyta: Equisetum
Material: Plant body (Veg. organs - stem, scaly leaves), reproduction - cone/ strobilus.
Permanent slide: Plant body (WM), T. S. of stem, scaly leaves (WM), reproduction: L. S. of
cone, T. S. of cone, Spores (WM).
Pterophyta: Leptosporangiopsida- Marsilea
Material: Vegetative structure (External and Internal): Root, Stem, Leaf. Reproductive body:
Sporocarp.
Permanent slide: T S of Root, Stem, Leaf, Reproductive structure: T S/V S of Sporocarp,
Microspore, Megaspore.

References:
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Editions
Reprint).
Vashishta B R and Sinha A K ( 2007) Botany for Degree Students Pteridophyta, S Chand & CompanyLtd., New Del hi (1st
Editions Revised and Multicolour -Reprint).
Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany, Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata(1 st
Editions Reprint).

Unit-III :: Gymnosperms
Introduction: Affinities of Gymnosperms with Pteridophytesand Angiosperms.
Economic importance of Gymnosperms.
Typical life-histories of Gymnosperms belonging to various divisions including Classification
(Taylor, 1981), Occurrence, Structure and Reproduction (excluding developme nt).
o Coniferales: Pinus
o Ephedrales: Ephedra

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PRACTICALS:
Classify with reasons (up to family), identify and describe structural peculiarities of Gymnosperms mentioned in
Theory syllabus.
Coniferales: Pinus
Material: Vegetative organs-leaves (needles), reproductive structures- male cone, female cone,
Microspores (pollen grains).
Permanent slide: Sections of stem, T.S. of leaf, reproduction: L. S. of male cone, T. S. of ovule,
Microspores/Pollen grains (WM).
Ephedrales: Ephedra
Material: Vegetative organs. Reproductive structures - Male cone, Female cone, Microspores
(pollen grains).
Permanent slide: Sections of vegetative organs. L. S. of male cone, T. S. of ovule,
Microspores/Pollen grains (WM).

References:
Biswas C and Johri B M (2004) The Gymnosperms, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi(2 nd Reprint Edition).
Vasishta P C (2005) Botany for Degree Students Gymnosperms, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi(1 st Editions Reprint)
Pandey B P (2003) College Botany Vol.-II,S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi(1 st Editions Reprint)
Pandey S N, Misra S P and Trivedi P S (2003) A Text Book of Botany Vol.-II,Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd., New
Delhi(11 th Revised Editions Reprint).
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Editions
Reprint).
Pandey B P (2003) Simplified Course in Botany B Sc-II,S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi(1 st Editions Reprint)
Bhatnagar S P and Moitra Alok (2006) Gymnosperms,,New Age International (P) Ltd, Publishers., New Delhi(1 st Editions
Reprint)

Page 15 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V)Programme
Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY
CC-BOT-313(Angiosperm Families, Plant Ecology and Plant Anatomy )
Theory teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0
Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: Angiosperm Families

Studies of Angiosperm families:
Distinguishing characters and classification up to family with reasons as per Bentham and
Hookers (1862-80) system of classification of the following families including floral formula,
floral diagram and botanical names of economically important any five plants:
o Dicotyledons:
Polypetalae:Tiliaceae, Rhamnaceae,Cucurbitaceae.
Gamopetalae:Solanacae, Convolvulaceae, Scrophulariceae, Bignoniaceae,
Lamiaceae.
Monochlamidae:Amaranthaceae.
o Monocotyledons: Commelinaceae, Amaryllidaceae.

PRACTICALS:
Identify and classify (as per Bentham and Hookers system) the family giving reasons and Draw diagrams: A
flowering twig, L S of Flower, other floral structures, floral formula and floral diagram of locally available
plant specimens of families as mentioned below.

Dicotyledons:
Polypetalae: Tiliaceae, Rhamnaceae, Cucurbitaceae.
Gamopetalae:Solanacae, Convolvulaceae, Scrophulariceae, Bignoniaceae, Lamiaceae.
Monochlamydae:Amaranthaceae.
Monocotyledons:Commelinaceae, Amaryllidaceae.

References:
Lawrence G H M (1967) Taxonomy of Vascular Plants , Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.Pvt Ltd., New Delhi (1 st Indian Edition).
Singh V Pande P C and Jain D K (1995) A Text Book of Botany-Angiosperms, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Editions
Reprint).
Singh V and Jain D K (1999) Taxonomy of Angiosperms, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(2 nd Editions Reprint).

Unit-II :: Plant Ecology

Climatic Factors: Light factor: Light in relations to Plants. Temperature factor: Effects of
temperature on Plants, Variations in temperature and its effects on distribution on Plants.
Precipitation (Rainfall), Humidity in air and Wind.
Biotic Factor: Positive interactions: Mutualism and Commensalism. Negative inter action:
Parasitism and Predation. Abiotic environment: Liebigs Law of Minimum, Shelfords Law of
Tolerance.
Page 16 of 38
 Autecology: Introduction, Regeneration of a species: Seed output, Seed dispersal, Seed viability,
Seed germination and reproductive capacity.
Edaphic Factor: Soil: Soil Complex: Components and Properties: Mineral matter: Soil Texture,
Soil structure and Porosity. Soil air, Soil Water, Soil Solution, Soil Organic matter and Soil
Organisms.

PRACTICALS
Study of ecological instruments:
o Maximum and Minimum Thermometer
o Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer
o Hygrometer
o Anemometer
o Rain guage
To determine Carbonate, Nitrate and Base deficiency in scale of 0-5 in soil sample.
To determine Chloride content in a water sample.
To determine pH in a water and soil sample.
To determine Total hardness of a water sample.
To determine Carbonate and Bi -carbonate in a water sample.
To determine field/water holding capacity of different soil samples.
Mechanical separation of soil sample to study the percentage of different particle s (contents) of soil
samples.
Study of Physical characters i.e., weight, length, width, volume, colour and shape of the seed.
Biotic Interactions between living organisms:
o Mutualism : Root nodules, Lichen (specimen and permanent slides)
o Parasitism :Cuscuta (specimen and permanent slide), Loranthes (specimen)

References:
Sharma P D (2003) Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, Meerut. (7 th Editions Reprint).
Agrawal K C (2001) Fundamentals of Environmental Bio logy, Nidhi Publishers (India), Bikane r. (1st Edition).
Subrahmanyam N S and Sambamurty A V S S (2000) Ecology, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. (1 st Edition).
Kormondy E J (2002) Concept of Ecology, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi(12 th Indian Edition Reprint).

Unit-III :: Plant Anatomy

Stomata: Structure and Function, Types -According to Metcalfe and Chalk (1950).
Secretory Tissue: Glandular trichomes, Hydathodes, Resin ducts and Laticifers.
Nodal Anatomy: Leaf Traces and Leaf gaps. Types of nodes.
Ergastic substances: Food Pro ducts-Carbohydrates, Nitrogenous Products and Fats. Mineral
crystals and Alkaloids.
Leaf fall and wound healing.

PRACTICALS:
To study the various types of Stomata as per theory syllabus:
Anomocytic: From any plant species of families Papaveraceae, Cappar aceae, Nyctaginaceae. Anisocytic:
From any plant species of families Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae. Diacytic: From any plant
species of families Lamiaceae, Acanthaceae and Paracytic: From any plant species of family Rubiaceae.
To study the Glandular Trichomes from Datura, Ocimum stem epidermis, fruit wall of Boerhaavia
diffusa. Hydathode from Colocasia leaf, Nephrolepis leaflet.Resin ducts from Pinus leaflet, Sunflower
stem.
To study Articulated or Non -Articulated Latex tissue from the plant spe cies of families viz.,
Convolvulaceae, Sapotaceae, Caricaeae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Moraceae,
Papaveraceae and Apocynaceae.

Page 17 of 38
 To study the Uni_, Tri_ and Multilacunar nodes from stem (Nodal region) of Annona, Azadirachta and
Chenopodium respectively.

To study the ergastic substances with appropriate staining:

Starch grains: various types e.g., Caryopsis of Maize, Wheat, Riceand tuber of Potato.
Aleurone layer e.g., Maize. Aleurone crystals e.g., Seed of castor.
Fat particles e.g., seed of Castor, Groundnut and Coconut (endosperm).
Mineral Crystals e.g., Calcium oxalate: Raphids-Petiole of Colocaciaand Stem of
Commelina. Sphaeraphids: Nerium leaf. Calcium carbonate: Cystoliths-Ficus (Banyan)
leaf
Alkaloids e.g., Withania-Root, Vinca-Stem and Nicotiana-leaf and leaf of Adhatoda and
Datura.

References:
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (1998) Anatomy of Seed Plants, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Editions Reprint).
Pandey B P (1997) Plant Anatomy, S Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. (1 st Editions Reprint).
E John Jothi Prakash (2000) A Text Book of Plant Anatomy , Emkay Publications, Delhi. (2 nd Revised Edition).
Tayal M S (2001) Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(5 th Editions Reprint).

Page 18 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V)Programme
Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY
CC-BOT-314(Cell Biology & Genetics, Microbiology and Biostatistics )
Theory teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0
Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit: 1.5

Unit-I :: Cell Biology & Genetics

Cell biology:
o Mitochondria: Morphology and Ultra structure, Chemical composition and Functions.
Plastids: Types of Plastids, Chloroplasts: Morphology, Chemical composition, Ultra
structure and Functions.
Genetics:
o Non-Mendalian Inheritance: Genetic Inter action: 9:6:1 and 13:3. Crossing over and
Linkage maps: Recombination frequencies from a test cross and F 2 data. Linkage groups:
Introduction, Chi-square test for segregation ratios and detection of linkage.
o Chromosomal Aberrations: Structural Changes in Chromosomes-Deletion, Duplication,
Inversion, Translocation.Numerical Changes in Chromosomes -Euploidy: Monoploidy,
Polyploidy: Autopolyploids, Allopolyploids. Aneuploidy: Monosomy, Nullisomy,
Trisomy and Tetrasomy.

PRACTICALS:
Study of cell organelles (as per theory syllabus) through Permanent Slides/Charts/Models/Photographs .
Study of chromosomal aberrations (as per theory syllabus) through Charts/ Models/ Photographs.
Solve Genetical problems and conclude from topics given in the theory syllabus.

References:
Strickberger M W (2005) Genetics, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi(3 rd Edition-EEE).
Rastogi Veer Bala (1991-92) A Text Book of Genetics, Kedar Nath Ram Nath, Meerut(9 th Revised Edition).
Singh B D (2001) Plant Breeding -Principles and Methods, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana (1st Editions Reprint).
Gupta P K (2005) Genetics, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi(3 rd Edition-EEE).
Verma P S and Agarwal (2006) Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology .S Chand & Company Ltd.,
New Delhi(1 st Multicolour Edition-Reprint).
Sambamurty ( ), Genetics (2nd edition)
Gupta P K (2007 ), Genetics-classical to modern (1st edition)
Patel B C (2012) Human Genetics (Manav Janinvignan -in Gujarati) Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust, Ahmedabad-380 013 (1 st
edition).

Unit-II :: Microbiology (Bacteriology)

Cell structure of Bacteria: Cellwall -structure and chemical composition, Cytoplasmic membrane,
Mesosomes, Cytoplasmic inclusions and vacuoles, Nuclear material.
Preparation for light microscope examination: Wet mount and Hanging drop technique. Fixed
stained smear- Gram staining.

Page 19 of 38
 Isolation, Maintenance and Preservation of Pure cultures: Streak -plate, Pour plate and Spread
plate techniques. Maintenance and Preservation: Periodic tran sfer, overlaying cultures with
mineral oil, Freeze-drying, storage at low temperatures.
The Immune response: Antigens, Antibodies, Monoclonal antibodies.

PRACTICALS
Study of bacterial cell through diagram, chart/microphotograph.
Wet mountand Hanging drop technique.
Fixed stained smear-Gram staining.
Study of Microorganismss Isolation techniques through prepared plates.
Principles and working of following apparatus: Autoclave, Hot air oven and laminar air flow.
Detection of Blood group-A, B, AB, O/Rh+, Rh- using Blood grouping test.

References:
Pelczar M J, Chan E C S and Krieg N R (2004) Microbiology, Tata McGraw-Hall Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi(27 th
Reprint Edition).
Dubey H C (2004), Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi , Vikas Publishing House P Ltd , New delhi
Prescott, Harley and Klein, Microbiology (6th edition),
Sharma P D (2007), Microbiology (6th edition),
Patel R J and Patel K R (2000), Experimental Microbiology Vol.-I, Aditya, Amdavad.
Powar and Daginawala (1997), General Microbiology Vol.I & II, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.

Unit-III :: Biostatistics
Measure of Dispersion-I: Definition, computation, Merits and Demerits and Properties of: Mean
Deviation and Standard Deviation: Ungrouped data, Grouped data: Discrete series and
Continuous series.
Measure of Dispersion-II: Definition, computation, Merits and Demerits and Properties of:
Variance and Co-efficient of Variance. Standard Error.
Probability: Important terms, Definition of Probability, Theorems of Probability: The Addition
Theorem and The Multiplication Theorem.

PRACTICALS
Solve and conclude the statistical problems on:
Mean deviation,
Standard deviation,
Variance,
Co-efficient of Variance
Standard error and
Probability.

References:
Banerjee P K (2004) Introduction to Biostatistics [A Textbook of Biometry], S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi(1 st Edition).
Prasad S (2001) Elements of Biostatistics, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Edition).
Chandel S R S (2006) A Hand Book of Agricultural Statistics, Achal Prakashan Mandir, Kanpur(1 st Edition).

Page 20 of 38
 Seat No._____________
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V) Programme Practical Examination, November/December -20
Botany Practical - PC-BOT-311
[Algae, Fungi, Plant Pathology and Bryophyta ]
[In force from June 2013]
Date: / /20 Place:
Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 65

Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.

1. Identify and classify giving suitable reasons (up to family) the specimens A, B and C. 18

2. Identify and describe the structural peculiarities observed in specimens D, E and F. 15

3. Make temporary slide of the reproductive organ from the specimen G. Draw labeled diagram and
show your preparation to the examiner. 5

4. Expose the Pathogen from the given plant material H and prepare temporary slide. Make a labeled
diagram and show your preparation to t he examiner. 5

5. Identify and describe peculiarities seen in spot I, J, K and L. 12

6. (a) Submission and viva-voce. 7

(b) Journal 3

Page 21 of 38
 Seat No._____________
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V) Programme Practical Examination, November/December -20
Botany Practical - PC-BOT-312
[Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperm Families and Plant Ecology ]
[In force from June 2013]
Date: / /20 Place:
Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 65

Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.

1. Identify and classify giving suitable reasons (up to family) t he specimens A. 8

2. Identify and describe the structural peculiarities observed in specimens B. 8

3. Make temporary slide of the reproductive organ from the specimen C. Draw labeled diagram and
show your preparation to the examiner. 5

4. Refer to the given specimens D, E & F to their respective families giving reasons including floral
formula and floral diagram. 18

5. Identify and describe peculiarities seen in spot G, H and I. 12

6. Determine .from given water/soil sample J. Show your results to the examiner. 4

OR

6. Determine Carbonate, Nitrate and Base deficiency in scale of 0 -5 from soil sample J. Show your
results to the examiner.

7. (a) Submission and viva-voce. 7

(b) Journal 3

Page 22 of 38
 Seat No._____________
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat Univer sity, Patan
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V) Programme Practical Examination, November/December -20
Botany Practical - PC-BOT-313
[Plant Anatomy, Cell Biology & Genetics, Microbiology and Biostatistics ]
[In force from June 2013]
Date: / /20 Place:
Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 70

Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.

1. Solve and conclude the Genetical problems as per given slip. 12

A.

B.

2. Solve and conclude the Statistical problems as per given slip. 12

C.

D.

3. Show from plant material E, stains if necessary with appropriate staining.

Draw labeled diagram and show your preparation to the examiner. 8

4. Expose and mount . from the given material F. Stain if necessary. Show your preparation
to your examiner. 8

5. Proceed to perform Gram positive / Gram nega tive staining from sample G. Write principle of
staining technique. Show your preparation to the examiner. 8

OR

5. Perform Bacterial /Protozoan motility of the given sample G by hanging drop method. 8

6. Identify and describe the structural peculiaritie s observed in spot H, I and J. 12

7. (a) Submisson and viva-voce. 7

(b) Journal 3

Page 23 of 38
 Semester-VI :: BOTANY:: Core Compulsory
For Semester-end examination there will be
FOUR theory and
THREE practical papers/courses
as mentioned below:

CORE COMPULSORY COURSE

CC-BOT-321
(Molecular Biology, Plant Pathology & Lichensand Angiosperm Families )

CC-BOT-322
(Biochemistry and Plant Physiology )

CC-BOT-323
(Economic Botany, Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology and Genetics&Plant Ecology )

CC-BOT-324
(Plant Anatomy and Plant Breeding )

CORE COMPULSORY PRACTICAL COURSE

PC-BOT-321
(Molecular Biology, Plant Pathology & Lichens, Angiosperm Families and Biochemistry )

PC-BOT-322
(Plant Physiology, Plant Breeding )

PC-BOT-323
(Economic Botany, Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology ,Genetics&Plant Ecology, Plant Anatomy )

Page 24 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme
Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY
CC-BOT-321 (Molecular Biology, Plant Pathology & Lichens and Angiosperm Families )
Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0
Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit:1.5

Unit-I :: Molecular Biology

Chemical Nature of Genetic materials: Molecular structure of De -oxy ribo Nucleic Acid-Watson
and Crick model, Molecular structure of Ribo Nucleic Acid and Types of RNA.
Replication of DNA: Mechanism of DNA replication in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.
Transcription: Mechanism of Prokaryotic Transcription, Mechanism of Eukaryotic Transcription.
Genetic Code and Translation: Genetic Code -Characteristics and Genetic codon/dictionary.
Translation-Mechanism of Protein Synthesis.

PRACTICALS
Study through Permanent Slides/Charts/Models/Photographs:
Watson and Cricks model of DNA / Molecular structure of DNA,
Types of RNA / Molecular structure of RNA,
DNA Replication,
Transcription and
Translation: Genetic code and Protein synthesis

Reference:
Verma P S and Agarwal (2006) Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology .S Chand & Company Ltd.,
New Delhi(1 st Multicolour Edition-Reprint).

Unit-II :: Plant Pathology & Lichens

Plant Pathology
o Defense Mechanisms in Plants: Morphological Defense Mechanism and Biochemical
Defense Mechanism.
o Dissemination of Plant Pathogens: Direct dissemination and Indirect dissemination.
Study of Plant Diseases: Following diseases of Plants, th eir symptoms, causal
organisms, disease cycle and their control measures: 1. Late Blight of Potato 2. Tikka
disease of Groundnut and 3. Powdery mildew of Cucurbits.
Lichens:General Characters of Lichens, Classification of the Lichens -Ascolichens and
Basidiolichens, Structure of Thallus - Crustose, Foliose and Fruticose and Reproduction of
Lichen- Asexual and Sexual.

PRACTICALS
Plant diseases: Study through Fresh/Preserved material and Permanent slide
o Late Blight of Potato - reproductive structure-sporangia
o Tikka disease of Groundnut - reproductive structure-conidia
o Powdery mildew of Cucurbits - reproductive structures
Study of different specimens: Crustose, Foliose and Fruticose.
Material/Permanent slide: Thallus of Lichen, Fruiting bodies, T S of Lichen Thallus and V S of fruiting
bodies.

Page 25 of 38
References:
Rangaswami G (1988) Diseases of Crop plants in India, Prentice -Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (3rd
Edition).
Pandey B P (2006) Plant Pathology -Pathogen and Plant Diseases, S Chand & Co. Ltd., Ne w Delhi (1st Editions
Reprint).
Mehrotra R S (1991) Plant Pathology, Tata McGraw -Hill Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (8th Editions
Reprint).
Agrios George N (2004) Plant Pathology, Academic Press, Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (4th Ed ition/
1st Indian Editions Reprint).
Sharma P D (2003) Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2nd Editions Reprint).
Hait G, Bhattacharya K and Ghosh A K (2008) AText Book of Botany, Vol-I, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata(1st
Editions Reprint).
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (2008-09) A Text Book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(4 th Revised Editions
Reprint).
Sharma P D (2003) The Fungi, Rastogi Publications, Meerut (2 nd Editions Reprint).
Vashishta B R and Sinha A K (2007) Botany for Degree Students Fungi, S Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi (1 st
Editions Revised and Multicolour -Reprint).

Unit-III :: Angiosperm Families

Classification (as per Bentham and Hookers system), distinguishing characters, flo ral formula,
floral diagram, common examples of economically important plants of the following families.
o Dicotyledons:
Polypetalae: Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), Papaveraceae, Rutaceae.
Gamopetalae: Sapotaceae, Asteraceae.
Monochlamydae: Moraceae.
o Monocotyledons: Cannaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae.
Dichotomous Key
Angiosperm Taxonomy in relation to anatomy and embryology.

PRACTICALS:
Identify and classify (as per Bentham and Hookers system) the family giving reasons and Draw diagrams: A
flowering twig, L S of Flower, other floral structures, floral formula and floral diagram of locally available
plant specimens of families as mentioned below.

Dicotyledons:
Polypetalae: Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), Papaveraceae, Rutaceae.
Gamopetalae: Sapotaceae, Asteraceae.
Monochlamydae: Moraceae.
Monocotyledons: Cannaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae.
Prepare dichotomous key with the help of locally available plant species.

References:
Singh V and Jain D K (2006), Taxonomy of Angiosperms (2nd edition),
Datta S C (2003), Systematic Botany, New Age International L Publishers, N Delhi
Pandey B.P.(2004) Text Book Of Botany Angiosperms, S Chand & C L,
Singh V Pande P C and Jain D K (2003) Taxonomy of Angiosperm , Rastogi
Sugbramanyam N.S.(1999) Modern Plant Taxonomy, Vikas publishing House.
Lawrence H M (1951) Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, Oxford Publication.
Sambamurty A V S S (2005) Taxonomy of Angiosperms, I K International P L, New Delhi
Pandey B.P. (2005) Taxonomy of Angiosperms, S Chand
A.S. Foster & E.M. Gifford Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants
K.R. SporneThe Morphology of Vascular Plants
R.N. SutariaA Text Book of Systematic Botany
Y.D. Tyagi & S.KshetrapalAn Introduction to Taxonomy of Angiosperms
P.C. VashishtaTaxonomy of Angiosperms.
Page 26 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH G UJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme
Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY
CC-BOT-322 (Biochemistry and Plant Physiology )
Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0
Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit:1.5

Unit-I :: Biochemistry
Lipids: Beta-Oxidation of Fatty acid: Activation of Fatty acid, R eaction of Fatty acid. Bio-
synthesis of Fatty acid: Acetyl Co -A transport, Production of Malonyl Co -A, The Priming Phase
and Elongation Phase.
Vitamins: Definition, types and significance. Water soluble vitamins: their functions and
deficiency disease. Fat soluble vitamins: their functions and deficiency disease.
Enzymes: Definition, Nomenclature and Classification, Isoenzymes, Properties of Enzymes,
Factors influencing action of Enzymes.

PRACTICALS
Major Experiments:
To determine the effect of different concentration of substrate on enzyme amylase.
To determine the effect of concentration of enzyme amylase on substrate.
Minor Experiments:
Estimation of Free Fatty acids from fat/oil by titration method.
Demonstration Experiment:
Demonstration of respirator y enzymes in plant tissues: Polyphenol oxidase, Dehydrogenase.
Study of deficiency diseases through charts/photographs.

References:
Deb A C (2008) Fundamentals of Biochemistry , New Central Book (P) Ltd., Kolkata(9 thEdition Revised).
Jain J L, Jain Sanjaya and Jain Nitin (2005) Fundamentals of Biochemistry , S Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi(6 th Revised
Edition).

Unit-II :: Plant Physiology-I

Translocation of Food in Plants: Phloem sap composition, Mechanism of Phloem transport:
Pressure-driven Flow, Factors affecting Translocation,
Photosynthesis-I: Light Reaction: Introduction, Hill reaction, Plant pigments, Light as a
biological agent, Mechanism of Light absorption and emission, Light harvesting and transfer of
Energy, Photosynthetic Unit, Red drop and Emerson Enhancement effect, Photosystem I and II.
Photo-phosphorylation: Non-cyclic electron flow and Photo -phosphorylation, Cyclic electron
flow and Photo-phosphorylation,
Photosynthesis-II: Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis: C 3 Photosynthetic cycle, C 4 Photosynthetic
cycle, Anatomical characteristics of C 4 Plants, Significance of C 4 Cycle, Crassulacean Acid
Metabolism (CAM), Significance of CAM, Relationship between C 4 and CAM.

Page 27 of 38
Unit-III :: Plant Physiology-II
Respiration: Introduction, Glycolysi s, Fermentation, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative
Phosphorylation, Respiratory Quotient, Energy yield of Aerobic respiration.
Photoperiodism: Definition, critical day length and types of plants [i.e., SDPs, LDPs and Day
neutral Plants] and importance of both d ark and light periods.Florigen concept and Vernalization.
Seed Dormancy: Definition, causes of seed dormancy and measures to break seed dormancy.
Physiological role of Phytohormones i.e., Auxins, Giberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid and
Ethylene.

PRACTICALS
Physiological Experiments to be performed by students.
Major experiments:
o To isolate Plant pigments by solvent extraction method using separating funnel.
o To determine Respiratory Quotient (RQ, i.e., CO2/O2) using Ganongs Respirometer.
o To determine rate of Photosynthesis under varying CO2 concentration.
o To determine rate of Photosynthesis under different wavelengths of light.
o To determine rate of Photosynthesis under various intensity of light.
Minor experiments:
o To show the process of Photosynthes is by Simple glass appararus/Wilmotts Bubbler.
o To separate Plant pigments using Paper Chromatography.
Physiological Experiments to be demonstrated to the students.
To demonstrate alcoholic fermentation using Kuhnes tube.
To demonstrate light is essential using Ganongs light screen.
To demonstrate CO 2 is essential using Molls half -leaf experiment.
To demonstrate food translocation by phloem through ringing experiment.
To demonstrateHills reaction.

References:
Mukherji S and Ghosh A K (2005) Plant Physiology, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata(1 st Central Edition).
Devlin Robert M and Witham Francis H (1986) Plant Physiology, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi(4 th Edition/ 1 st Indian
Edition).
Gill P S ( ), Plant Physiology (1st edition)
Ross Salisbury ( ), Plant Physiology (4th edition)
Srivastava H S (2004), Plant Physiology (2nd edition)
Sundara Rajan S ( ), Plant Physiology ( edition),
Sornathai Annie, Rajakumar K, Jayakumar M and Rajarathinam K ( ), Plant Physiology ( edition),
Verma S K and Verma Mohit ( ), Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology ( ),
Verma V ( ), A Text Book of Plant Physiology ( ), Emkay Publication, New Delhi.
Sundara Rajan S (2001), Practical Manual of Plant Ecology and Plant Physiology (1st edition),
Jain V.K.,Fundamentals of Plant Physiology
Pandey S.N. and B.K. Sinha, Plant Physiology
Verma P.S. and P.K. Agarwal,Plant Physiology

Page 28 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme
Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY
CC-BOT-323 (Economic Botany, Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology and Genetics&Plant Ecology )
Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0
Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit:1.5

Unit-I :: Economic Botany

Introduction, cultivation, scientific name, family, useful pa rt(s), chemical constituents and
economic importance of the following plants:
o Oil seeds: Ground nut, Mustard, Sunflower.
o Fibres: Cotton, Jute.
o Medicinal Plants:Root: Ashwagandha. Underground stem: Turmeric. Leaf: Ardusi.
Fruit: Amla. Seed: Isabgul.
o Dyes: Henna, Kesudo
o Wood: Timber: Teak and Fire wood: Baval.

PRACTICALS
Give scientific name, family, useful part(s), chemical constituents and economic importance of given plants.
Oil seeds: Ground nut, Mustard, Sunflower.
Fibers: Cotton, Jute.
Root: Ashwagandha,Undergroundstem: Turmeric,
Leaf: Ardusi, Fruit: Amla, Seed: Isabgul
Dyes: Henna, Kesudo Timber: Teak.
Fire wood: Baval.

References:
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (1998) Anatomy of Seed Plants, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Editions Reprint).
Pandey B P (1997) Plant Anatomy, S Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. (1 st Editions Reprint).
E John Jothi Prakash (2000) A Text Book of Plant Anatomy , Emkay Publications, Delhi. (2 nd Revised Edition).
Tayal M S (2001) Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(5 th Editions Reprint).

Unit-II :: Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology

Plant Tissue Culture-I: Nutrition medium: Media composition -Inorganic nutrients, Carbon and
energy source, Vitamins, Growth regulators, Organic supplements, Gelling age nts and pH.
Sterilization Techniques: Steam sterilization, Dry sterilization and Chemical sterilization of
explants.
Plant Tissue Culture-II: Types of Culture: Embryo culture, Callus culture and Meristem culture.
Recombination DNA Technology: Gene cloning -I: Basic events in gene cloning, Enzymes for
cutting-Restriction Endo-Nuclease-II, Enzymes for joining- DNA ligase, DNA-modifying
enzymes-Kinase, Alkaline Phosphatase, DNA Polymerase and Terminal transferase. Linkers and
adaptors.
Recombination DNA Technology: Gene cloning-II: Features of vector, Vectors: Plasmids -
pBR322, Cosmids and Bacteriophage -Lemda.

Page 29 of 38
PRACTICALS
Prepare Nutrition Media for Embryo culture, Callus culture and Meristem culture.
Learn various sterilization techniques required for expl ants and media.
Study of various vectors through charts/diagrams, etc.

References:
Chawla H S (2002) Introduction to Plant Biotechnology , Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi(2 nd Edition).

Unit-III :: Genetics & Plant Ecology

Genetics
o Sex Determination and Sex Linkage: Chromosome Theory: Sex -chromosomes and
Autosomes, Types of chromosomal mechanisms of Sex -determination. Sex-linkage:
Sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila, Sex -linked inheritance in Man, Sex -influenced and
sex-limited genes.
o Maternal Effects and Cytoplasmic Heredity: Maternal effect. Cytoplasmic Inheritance:
Plastid inheritance in Mirabilis jalapa and male sterility in corn (Zea mays), Respiratory
deficiencies.
Plant Ecology
o Energy Flow in the Ecosystems: Single channel Energy model and Y-shaped Energy
Flow Model. Bio-geo Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen and water cycles.
o Production Ecology: Productivity: Definition, Primary Productivity -GPP and NPP,
Measurement of Primary Productivity -Harvest method, Leaf Area Index method a nd
Chlorophyll estimation method. Secondary Productivity.

PRACTICALS
Study of sex determination, sex linkage, cytoplasmic inheritance through chart/diagram/photographs.
Solve Genetical problems as per theory syllabus.
To measure the Primary productivity a s per theory syllabus.
Study of energy models and bio-geo chemical cycles through chart/diagram/photographs.
Calculation of leaf area index.
To determine above and below ground Biomass by monolith (25cm x25cm x30cm) method.

Refereances:
Sambamurty ( ), Genetics (2nd edition),
Rastogi Veer Bala ( ) A Text Book of Genetics (9th edition)
Gupta P K (2009 ), Genetics (3rd edition),
Gupta P K (2007 ), Genetics-classical to modern (1st edition)
Sharma P D (2003) Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, Meerut. (7 th Editions Reprint).
Agrawal K C (2001) Fundamentals of Environmental Bio logy, Nidhi Publishers (India), Bikaner. (1 st Edition).
Subrahmanyam N S and Sambamurty A V S S (2000) Ecology, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. (1 st Edition).
Kormondy E J (2002) Concept of Ecology, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi(12 th Indian Edition Reprint).
Patel B C (2012) Human Genetics (Manav Janinvignan -in Gujarati) Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust, Ahmedabad -380 013 (1 st
edition).

Page 30 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme
Core Compulsory Course in BOTANY
CC-BOT-324 (Plant Anatomy and Plant Breeding )
Theory teaching hours:3 Hours/week Credit: 3.0
Practical teaching hours: 3 Hours/week Credit:1.5

Unit-I :: Plant Anatomy

Root-Stem Transition: Definition and Types. Anatomy of Special organs: Epiphytic root -Orchid
and Aerial/Stilt root-Banyan.
Anatomy in relation to Taxonomy: Trichomes, Stomata, Epidermis, Internal structure of Leaf,
Petiole and Node.
Methods in Plant Anatomy: Collection of Material, Fixation and Pres ervation, Dehydration,
Infiltration, Embedding and Block making.Sectioning with Microtome, Stains, Staining and
Mounting.
Anomalous Secondary Growth: Stem - Boerhaavia, Achyranthes, Dracaena. Root- Ipomoea
batatas.

PRACTICALS
To study the Anomalous Secon dary Growth in stems of Boerhaavia, Achyranthes, Dracaena and root of
Ipomoea batatas.
To study the Anatomy of Orchid Root (Epiphyte) and Aerial/Stilt Root of Banyan.
Any 3/more examples which are helpful in Taxonomy of each organ viz., Trichome, Stomata, Epidermis,
Node from Plant specimens of allied genera or family.
Paraffine Block making with Microtomy Technique of any plant material mentioned in Theory syllabus.
Use of Appropriate Double staining Technique applied for sections embedded in Paraffine Rib bon or hand
sections of fresh material as per theory syllabus .

References:
Singh V, Pande P C and Jain D K (1998) Anatomy of Seed Plants, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(1 st Editions Reprint).
Pandey B P (1997) Plant Anatomy, S Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. (1st Editions Reprint).
E John Jothi Prakash (2000) A Text Book of Plant Anatomy , Emkay Publications, Delhi. (2 nd Revised Edition).
Tayal M S (2001) Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publications, Meerut(5 th Editions Reprint).

Unit-II :: Plant Breeding-I

Introduction: Definition, Origin and evolution of Crop plants: Centres of Origin and Patterns of
Evolution. Origin of Crop Plants: Origin of Rice, Wheat, Cotton. Scope and Objectives of Plant
Breeding.
Artificial Vegetative Reproduction: Cutting, Layering, Gra fting, Budding, Potting and re-potting.
Sexual Reproduction: Apomixis -apospory and apogamy, Significance of Apomixis.
Selection in Self-pollinated crops: The Pure-line selection - Purpose, Procedure, Merits and
Demerits and Achievements. Mass selection -Purpose, Procedure, Merits and Demerits and
Achievements. Comparison between Pure line selection and Mass selection.

Page 31 of 38
Unit-III :: Plant Breeding-II
Breeding Methods: Hybridization: Purpose and General Technique -Choise of Parents, Crossing
Schedule, Emasculation and Bagging, Tagging, Pollination, Harvesting and Storing F1 seeds,
Raising F1 generation, Selfing, Consequences of hybridization.
Breeding Methods: Methods in Hybridization: Methods in Self -pollinated crop-Pedigree method:
Procedure, and Merits and Demerits and Achievements. Bulk method -Procedure, Merits and
Demerits and Achievements. Comparison between Bulk and Pedigree method.
Hybrid vigour (Heterosis): Definition, its various effects, Causes: Dominance hypothesis and
over dominance hypothesis, Ach ievements, Utilization and limitations.

PRACTICALS
Preparation of male flowers for hybridization.
Preparation of female flowers for hybridization.
Describe the horticulture techniques: Cutting, Layering, Grafting, Budding, Potting and re -potting.
Study of different methods of plant breeding through Charts/Models/Photographs/Specimens/Herbarium
sheet.
Make a modern new world species from old X new variety breeding with chromosome numbers.

References:
Kar Dipak Kumar and Halder Soma (2006) Plant Breeding and Biometry, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Kolkata(1 st
Edition).
Singh B D (2001) Plant Breeding-Principles and Methods, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana(1st Editions Reprint).

Page 32 of 38
 Seat No._____________
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme Practical Examination, April/May -20
Botany Practical - PC-BOT-321
[Molecular Biology, Plant Pathology, Angiosperm Families and Biochemistry ]
[In force from December 2013]
Date: / /20 Place:
Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 65

Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.

1. Refer to the given specimens A, B and C to their respective families giving

reasons including floral formula and floral diagram. 18

2. Perform the Biochemical experiment D assigned to you. Tabulate your

observations and result. Draw graph if necessary. Show your result and conclusion
to the examiner. 10

3. Expose the Pathogen from the given plant material E and prepare temporary slide.
Make a labeled diagram and show your preparation to the examiner. 7

4. Identify and describe peculiarities seen in slide/specimen F. 6

5. Identify and describe peculiarities seen in spot G and H. 14

6. (a) Submission and viva-voce. 7

(b) Journal 3

Page 33 of 38
 Seat No._____________
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme Practical Examination, April/May -20
Botany Practical - PC-BOT-322
[Plant Physiology and Plant Breeding ]
[In force from December 2013]
Date: / /20 Place:
Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 65

Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.

1. Perform the Physiological experiment A assigned to you. Tabulate your

observations and result. Draw graph if necessary. Show your res ult and conclusion
to the examiner. 14

2. Perform the Physiological experiment B assigned to you. Tabulate your

Observations and result. Draw graph if necessary. Show your result and
Conclusion to the examiner. 10

3. Prepare Male flower and Female flower through proper technique of hybridization
from the given material D and E, show your preparation to the examiner. 8

4. Perform _____________ horticulture technique F assigned to you, and explain

your result to the examiner. 8

5. Comment upon spot G, H and I. 15

6. (a) Submission and viva-voce. 7

(b) Journal 3

Page 34 of 38
 Seat No._____________
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme Practical Examination, April/May -20
Botany Practical - PC-BOT-323
[Genetics & Plant Ecology, Plant Anatomy, Economic Botany and Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology ]
[In force from December 2013]
Date: / /20 Place:
Time: 5 Hours] [Maximum Marks: 70

Instruction: Students are requested to follow instructions given by the examiners.

1. Show from plant material A, stains if necessary with

appropriate staining. Draw labeled diagram and show your preparation to the
examiner. 6
2. Make temporary double stained preparation of Anomalous Secondary Growth
from the given material B. Draw a labeled diagram and show your preparation to
the examiner. 10
3. Solve and conclude the Genetical problems as per given slip. 8
C.
4. Identify and give scientific name, family and economic importance of specimens
D and E. 12
5. Prepare the nutrition medium required and precautions to be taken for
embryo/callus/meristem culture in the laboratory. 8
OR
Determine above/below ground biomass by monolith method OR Calculate Leaf
Area Index.
6. Comment upon spot F, G, H and I. 16
7. (a) Submission and viva-voce. 7

(b) Journal 3

Page 35 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-VI) Programme
Elective Subjective Course in BOTANY
ES-BOT-301(Pharmacognosy of Herbal Drugs )
Theory teaching hours: 2 Hours/week Credit: 2.0

Unit-I Pharmacognosy
Introduction to Pharmacognosy: Definition, history and scope of Phrmacognosy.
Sources and classification of drugs: Natural sources: Higher plants, Microbes, Marine
and Mineral sources. Classification (only outline): Alphabetical, Morphological,
Taxonomical, Chemical and Pharmacological.
Alkaloids: Introduction, properties, classification and Pharmaceutical applications, Role
of alkaloids in Plants.
Pharmacognostical scheme for studying a drug. Systematic Pharmacognostic study of the
following plants containing alkaloids (Botanical name, family, chemical composition and
uses):
o Sarpagandha (root),
o Barmasi (leaf/whole plant) and
o Ephedra (stem).

Unit-II Pharmacological study of herbal drugs

Need for Phyto-pharmacological evaluation
Evaluation of anti diabetic agents
Evaluation of anti microbial agents
Evaluation of anti diarrheal agents

References
Shah C S and Qadry J S(2005), A Text Book Of Pharmacognosy, B S Shah Prakashan, Amdavad.
Mohammed Ali(2008),Text Book Of Pharmacognosy (2nd edition),CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
Handa S S and Kapoor V K(2008), Text Book Of Pharmacognosy (5th edition),Vallabh Prakashan,New Delhi.
Rangari V D(2004), Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry , Career Publications, Nashik.
Ansari S H(2006), Essentials of Pharmacognosy , Birla Publications Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.
Kokate C K, Purohit A P and Gokhale S B(2008), Pharmacognosy (42nd edition), Nirali Prakashan, Pune.
Khandelwal K R (2008), Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques & Experiments (19 th edition), Nirali Prakashan,
Pune.
Kokate C K(2005), Practical Pharmacognosy (4th edition),Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi.

Page 36 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V &VI) Programme
Elective Subjective Course in BOTANY
ES-BOT-302 (Fresh Water Ecology )
Theory teaching hours: 2 Hours/week Credit: 2.0

Unit-I
Definitions: Freshwater, Limnology, Lakes, Ponds, Benthos, Bogs, Marshes and
Swamps.
Properties of freshwater: Physio-chemical characteristic, Factors affecting to fresh water
ecosystem: abiotic and biotic (Light, Temperature, Vegetation, etc.).
Types of Freshwater Ecosystem/Clasification of Freshwater Habitat - Lentic ecosystems
(still water) and lotic ecosystems (flowing water).
Structure of lake (Freshwater Zonation). Aquatic biodiversity (Freshwater only): Aquatic
flora (Algae, fresher plants).

Unit-II
Aquatic food web and food pyramids, primary productivity. Aquatic ecosystem: goods
and services.
Energy flow in freshwater ecosystem.
Threats to aquatic ecosystem and remediation: Eutrophication, Acidification, Pollution.
Global issues and legislation for conservation and management of aquatic systems.

References:
Brown L. (1971). Ecology of Fresh Water. Heinemann Educational Books Ltd, London.
Gopal, B, and Bhardwaj, N. (1979). Elements of ecology. Vikash Publishing House Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.
Shrma P. D. (7 th Eedition - Reprint 2003). Ecology and Environment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
Eugene P. Odum (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. Toppan Company, Japan.

Page 37 of 38
 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN
Under CBCS-Semester-Grading pattern
B.Sc. (Semester-V &VI) Programme
Elective Subjective Course in BOTANY
ES-BOT-303 (Air Pollution)
Theory teaching hours: 2 Hours/week Credit: 2.0

Unit-I
Define: Pollution (416) and pollutants (417). Various principal environmental pollutants
with examples (416, 417). Kinds of pollutants: Non-degradable (418) and Bio-degradable
(418).
Air Pollution: Introduction (418), Air quality (419), sources and pollutants: Industrial
Chimany wastes (419), Thermal power station (419) and Automobile (420 -421).
Carbon Compounds: Carbon dioxide (423), Carbon monoxide (425).
Sulphur compound: Sulphur dioxide (426), Hydrogen sulphide (428).

Unit-II
Nitrogen oxides: Nitrogen oxide, Nitric oxide and Nitrogen dioxide (428 -429).
Fluorocarbons (434) and Hydrocarbons (435). Metals (435) a nd Photo-chemicals
products (436).
Prevention and control of air pollution (444 -452).
Green House Effect (423), Global Warming (425), Ozone -depletion (432), and Acid rain
(429).

References:
Shrma P. D. (7 th Eedition - Reprint 2003). Ecology and Environ ment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

Page 38 of 38