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    Feasibilty WASSER Project

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    Jowsi Abdul Jabbar
    WASSER Stands for Water and Sanitation in Eastern Srilanka

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    Feasibilty WASSER Project

    Uploaded by

    Jowsi Abdul Jabbar
    246 views13 pages
    WASSER Stands for Water and Sanitation in Eastern Srilanka

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    WASSER Stands for Water and Sanitation in Eastern Srilanka

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    246 views13 pages

    Feasibilty WASSER Project

    Uploaded by

    Jowsi Abdul Jabbar
    WASSER Stands for Water and Sanitation in Eastern Srilanka

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    KALMUNAI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

    The WASSER-Project:
    Water and Sanitation for Settlements in Eastern Sri Lanka
    - An Asia Pro Eco IIB Project -

    TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY STUDY


    STUDY OF THE
    SANITATION CONDITION IMPROVEMENT AT
    SAINTHAMARUTHU COASTAL LAGOON AREA
    AREA

    Prepared By:

    ENG.A.J.A.H.JOWSI

    PROJECT MANAGER
    (Municipal Engineer)
    CONTENTS

    1.0 Introduction
    1.1 Project Background
    1.2 Objective of the Project
    1.3 Project area and Beneficiaries

    2.0 Evaluation of existing sanitation condition


    1.1 Conventional pit system
    1.2 Ground water pollution
    1.3 Fecal sludge management

    2.0 Details of the Proposed Design


    2.1 Overview of the system design
    2.2 Improvement of house hold septic system
    2.3 Sewage Treatment plant.
    2.4 Proposed work plan
    2.5 Estimates

    Annexes

    Annex-1, Bill of Quantities


    Annex-2,Technical literature of the treatment plant.
    Annex-3,Drawings
    1.0Introduction-

    1.1 Project Background

    Kalmunai has been irregularly populated as it lies at a stretch of land which bordered by
    the Sea and Marshy land.

    The above picture shows the southern are of Kalmunai is almost occupied by the
    buildings.

    Even though there exists a water supply network in the Kalmunai municipality, still
    more than 50% of the people use shallow wells to drink water. So the ground water
    contamination has to be immediately addressed.

    There are two main natural resources to be conserved.


    1. Ground water
    2. Surface water

    Ground water is mainly polluted by the open dumping by the Cess pits. To introduce
    at least the septic tank system Kalmunai has to have a treatment facility for the gully
    sucker loads.
    WASSER is undoubtedly a timely assistance to Kalmunai because it comes at the
    critical point of water pollution.

    Another project funded by EU, is EU/Ampara partnership which has a project


    Environmental remediation Program (ERP).The ERP has mainly Solid Waste
    Management. Under this open water bodies which are dumped by the garbage are
    cleaned.

    Capacity of the Municipal technical staff also at the time of post tsunami intervention was
    poor. So the WASSER was expected to build the staff capacities.

    1.2 Objectives of the project

    -reduce the fecal contamination of ground water in the selected project area

    -improve the well functioning of the onsite septic tank /single pit systems during rainy
    seasons by gully sucking and treating sludge at the treatment plant.

    -Increase the awareness of the local authority staff, councilors CBOs and the project area
    of concern.

    1.3. Project area and Beneficiaries

    Based on water pollution and population density Grama Niladhari Divisions of


    7,8,9,11&14,17 of Sainthamaruthu Divisinal Seceretary Division.

    Most of the coastal lagoon area community are poor and middle class who were badly
    affected by Tsunami. There are small self-help groups set up by aid agencies such as
    CDC (Community Development Council) organized by UN-Habitat under its post
    Tsunami home owner driven housing schemes
    2.0 Evaluation of existing sanitation condition

    2.1 Conventional pit system

    A.Ground water connection and pollution

    This toilet has the direct connection to ground water at the bottom. So the
    seasonal changes in the ground water level affects the function of this toilet.

    Case-1, During the dry season

    Ground water table goes under the bottom of the soakage pit. This is the season the
    pollution to ground water is less and the toilet function with out any problem.
    From feb/March- September/October.

    Case-2,During the rainy season

    If the high ground water level is greater than the invert pipe outlet at pit. The entire
    system malfunctions and due to back flow of water bad smell emitted at squatting
    fan. This situation is even worse for the toilet pits which were built under the house
    as it is difficult to gully suck.

    B) Structural failure of brick wall of aged toilet pits ,reduction of volume and odor
    problems.

    Due to the pressure of ground water and soil and penetration of roots of trees and
    plants brick wall get cracked.

    Due to the surcharge load on the soil above and cyclic movement of ground water
    these cracks open up and sand seep through and accumulated at the bottom of pit..
    This results the reduction of volume of the pit.

    When the toilet get aged (>8-10 years) and due to the non availability of sewage
    treatment plant sludge accumulates at the bottom and the pit is functioning with 70-
    60 % of its effective volume.

    At the occurrence of flooding this aged pits are malfunctioning due back flow of
    waste water. In addition to that malodorous gases leak through the cracks and make
    unpleasant environment .
    2.2 Ground water pollution

    Around 10000 toilets at Sainthamaruthu area and another projected 1000-2000 in


    near future all together 12000 toilets continuous to discharge fecal coli forms. At the
    end it will contaminate ground water.

    So the Kalmunai Municipal Council should envision a 5-10 years environmental


    remediation program to conserve its ground water resource.

    Picture below shows the ground water testing done by M.Nawas, Lecturer The South
    East University Srilanka, It is noted that due to the coast lagoon functioning as the
    source of ground water recharge; more pollution of fecal contamination observed at
    the surrounding of lagoon

    A (Groundwater quality) case study at Sainthamaruthu

    26 wells were monitored for around one year (2004/2005 AD)


    1. Top left corner (diagonal) – Nitrate contamination was noted high
    Only 4 wells, above recommended value (maximum up around 72 mg L-1, NO3-)
    2. Right corner (pink – crescent shape) – Salinity (in terms of Electrical Conductivity)
    was noted high during dry season
    Water samples from 9 – 10 wells, showed higher EC Values than 2000 micro
    Siemens/cm (maximum, up to 3,600 micro Siemens/cm)
    3. Bottom, middle (blue, oval) – E. coli was noted high.
    Highest value: - 260 CFU Lowest value: - 10 CFU
    2.3 Sludge management.

    At present Kalmunai Municipal Council is dumping the sewage collected at Tsunami IDP
    camps ,commercial entities and houses at a deserted land. Need of proper sewage
    disposal has been greatly realized after the Tsunami disaster.IDP camps were constructed
    with common toilets and septic tanks. These septic tanks filled very quickly and gully
    sucked with the help of NGOs. In 2007 two gully suckers were donated by NGOs and
    Municipal council is utilizing it.

    Another factor is also important as the dumping ground is about 20KM away from KMC,
    the service charge levied from the houses is comparatively high(.Rs.2000/- for Samurdi
    receipients and 3000 for others. Normal range is 500-1000). If a treatment facility
    constructed in the vicinity of Municipality the service charge can be reduced and house
    hold coverage can be increased.

    In some areas ,the width of the street is very narrow, A mini-tractor arrangement will be a
    good solution for these areas
    3.0 Details of the Proposed Design

    3.1 Overview of the system design

    The pre-feasibility report suggested about various options with the view of
    reducing the pollution by waste water disposal. Municipal council has decided to
    go for consultancy to find an appropriate solution.

    The consultant advised for onsite improvement by augmenting bio-cell ( plastic


    septic tank cum bio media) to existing system and a mechanized sludge
    treatment facility called “Zero sludge treatment plant” ( A sequence batch reactor
    type).Later the plastic bio cell option was reviewed and concrete pre-cast
    cylinders option was decided based on cost/social aspects. Mini tractor gully
    sucker is to be purchased to put in service for areas with narrow streets.

    The technical literature of the treatment facility is given in Annex- 2 .(A report of
    the consultant)

    3.2 Improvement of House hold septic system

    As shown in the picture below, the direct connection to existing pit is bypassed through
    two vertical precast concrete cylinders which are to function as septic tank and bio filter
    that are to be gully sucked after 1-1.5 years.
    3.3 Sewage Treatment plant.

    This treatment plant is capable of treating 40 cubic meters of sewage , it is to be operated


    by 3-phase current.
    3.4 Estimates ( BOQ for the construction work is given in Annex)

    Discription Unit Unit price Amount


    1 Consrtuction of 1 2,166,639.30 2,166,639.30
    Treatement plant( refer
    BOQ)
    2 Precast cylinders with lid 400 3,250.00 1,300,000.00

    3 Installation of septic Tank 200 17,500.00 3,500,000.00


    (Refer BOQ)
    3 Minitractor gully sucker 1 350,000 350,000.00
    4 Aerators and pumps 3 70,000 210,000.00
    Total cost
    7,316,639.30

    3.5 Work plan ( Find the excel file) draft workplan for swp.xls
    4.0 Annexes-

    Annexes-1, (tender treatment plant\priced BOQ.xls) and septic tank installation


    Estimate.xls

    Annex-2 Treatment plant.doc

    Annex-3 KALMUNI FINAL DRAWING.dwg

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