THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

A condition is something that has to be fulfilled before something

else can happen.
Conditional sentences have two parts;

1) the if clause
2) the main clause

Generally the if clause expresses a condition and the main clause

expresses the event or result that might or might have occurred. To
start the sentence with the if clause or the main clause does not change
the meaning. Yet, we must use a comma as we start the sentence with
the if clause.

If I go to stanbul, I will visit the Topkap Palace.

If Clause Main Clause

We will go for a walk, if Burhan Bey comes early.

Main Clause If Clause

TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

There are mainly five types of conditional sentences:

a) TYPE 0 => Cause and Effect - Habitual results - Advice/ Commands

If you heat the metal, it expands. ( cause and effect )

I can't sleep at night, if I drink coffee. ( habitual result )
If you have problems, talk to your teacher. (advice)
Don't wait for me if I am late this evening. (command)

b) TYPE 1 =>True in the present or future.

If the weather is nice, we usually sit in the garden. (Present)

If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go on a picnic. (Future)
If we don't hurry, the others will go without us.

c) TYPE 2 => Untrue (contrary to fact) in the present or future.

If we were on holiday today, we would sit in the garden. (Present)

If we were on holiday tomorrow, we would go on a picnic. (Future)
I would go to Japan if I had enough money. (present)
d) TYPE 3 => Untrue(contrary to fact) in the past.

If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone on a picnic. (past)
I would have told you the whole story if you had asked me. (past )

e) MIXED TYPE => The past action affecting the present situation.

If you had planned this properly, we wouldn't be in this mess now.

If we had saved more money last year, we would have enough for a holiday
today.

TYPE 0 : Cause and Effect - Habitual results - Advice/Commands

This type of conditional is used to talk about general truths. It can

also be used to describe cause and effect, facts , habitual
reactions , commands and advice . The most commonly used form
is;

If + Simple present , Simple Present

If you heat the metal, it expands. (cause & effect)

I get angry if someone shouts at me. (habitual reaction)
If you boil water, it evaporates. (cause & effect)
I usually eat a few biscuits if I get hungry before lunch time. (habitual reaction)
If you go round the world, you return to the same point. (general truth)

"when" can be used instead of "if" in this type.

If it is hot, I wear thin clothes. (= When it is hot, I wear thin clothes.)

The door opens if you turn the switch ( = when you turn the switch the door
opens)
Advice and commands are also expressed in this type (Note : They are
considered Type-1 in some books)

If you do not want to put on weight don't eat too much . (advice)
Don't wait for me if I am late this evening. (command)
If you feel sick, see the doctor. (advice)
Stop smoking and take up a sport if you want to keep fit. (advice)
 TYPE 1 : TRUE IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE

Type 1 is used to describe what will happen if we think a future

event probable. The most commonly used form is:

If+Simple Present ,WILL Future

Truth => It may rain. If so, we will eat inside.

Conditional Sentence => If it rains we will eat inside.

Truth => The cat might die. In that case, Arda will be upset.
Conditional Sentence => If the cat dies, Arda will be upset.

Truth => It is possible that Steve will enter the competition. And if he does, I am
sure he will win.
Conditional Sentence => If Steve enters the competition, he will win.

Truth => Why don't you ask for a pay rise? You'll probably get one.
Conditional Sentence => If you ask for a pay rise, you will probably get one.

Truth => The office may be closed. In that case, we won't be able to get in.
Conditional Sentence => If the office is closed we won't be able to get in.

Truth => The picture may be valuable. If so, we can sell it.
Conditional Sentence => If the pic is valuable, we can sell it.

Truth => It is probable that Muhammed won't come. In that case, the party will
be cancelled.
Conditional Sentence => If Muhammed doesn't come, the part will be cancelled.

If the action in the if-clause is related to the future, we use Simple Present tense
instead of future Tense:

Truth => Perhaps she will come tomorrow. Then we will work together.
Conditional Sentence => If she comes tomorrow, we will work together. (NOT: If
she will come ... )

Truth => Perhaps it won't rain at the weekend. Then we will go on a picnic.
Conditional Sentence => If it does not rain at the weekend, we will go on a
picnic. (NOT: If it won't rain ..)
Truth => Perhaps there will be another rise in prices soon. Then everybody will
surfer a lot.
Conditional Sentence => If there is another rise in prices soon, everybody will
suffer a lot. (NOT: If there will)

OTHER TENSES OR STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN TYPE-1

Apart from the use of Simple Present in the If-Clause and Simple Future in the
main clause, we may use other tenses or structures in both main and if-clauses:

1) STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

We commonly use Simple Future in the main clause. We may also muse the
structures below.

A) Modals

If Chris loves me, he must tell me.

You may leave the class if you finish the test earlier than expected.
If she doesn't want to be fired, she had better be punctual.
If the weather is fine at the weekend, shall we have picnic?
You might still catch him if you go now. Our plans can not be changed at the last
minute if it is not very necessary.
She ought to study more if she wants to get a better mark.

B) Variations of WILL (will have done, will be doing, will have been doing)

If Aye starts to study right away, she will have finished her homework by the
time her mom comes back from shopping.
I applied to a computer firm last week, and I may get the job. If I am hired, I will
be working there as an interpreter.
Grcan will have been working in the same company for ten years by the time he
retires if everything goes all right.

2) STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN THE- IF CLAUSE

We commonly use Simple Present in the-if Clause. We may also use the
structures below.

a) Modals (can, must, have to are used commonly.)

If you can pass the exam, you will be one of the lucky ones.
You will go if you must go. If she has to study tonight, she won't be able come to
us.
b) PRESENT CONTINUOUS

If you are looking for your dictionary, it is on the table.

We can tell Pnar the good news if she isn't sleeping.

c) Present Perfect Tense

If Aliz has taken the 9 o'clock train, she will be here soon.
We can go tomorrow if you haven't seen that film yet.
If you are driving, will come with you.
If he has written the letter, I will post it.

d) Should It indicates that the condition has a weak possibility.

If you should need any help, I can help you.

If you should see him, please tell him to see me.
I don't think it will rain tomorrow but if it should rain, we will have to cancel the
picnic.

e) Will / would

It indicates :

1. polite requests

If you will wait for a moment . I will be very grateful if you would make the
arrangements for me.
Wait over there if you wouldn't mind.
I will see if Mr. Peynirci is free. (please wait)

Note : This form is often used alone and would is more polite that will.

Teacher : If you will open your books.

Receptionist : If you would just sign the register.

2. Willingness

If you will listen to me, will help you.

If you cook the dinner, I will do the washing up afterwards.
If Tom would tell me what he wants for his dinner, I would cook it for him.

Note : 'won't' used in this way can mean "refuse"

If he won't listen to me , I can't help him. (=If he refuses to listen ... )

If they won't accept a cheque, we will have to pay cash. (= If they refuse to
accept ... )
3. Insistence

If you will play the drums all night, the neighbours will complain. (=If you insist
on playing ...)

f) Would like/would care

If + would like/care can be used instead of If + want/wish and is more polite.

If you would like to come, I'll get a ticket for you. If you would care to see the
pics, I'll bring them round some evening.

But if we rearrange such sentences so that would like has no object, we can drop
the would.

If you like, I'll get a ticket for you.

If you would like a ticket, I'll get one for you.

TYPE-2 UNTRUE (CONTRARY TO FACT)IN THE PRESENT

OR FUTURE

In type-2 we talk about imaginary situations and in the main clause

we speculate about their imaginary consequences so it is called
"Imaginary Condition" as well. Although we use past tenses the
reference is not to the past time. That is why it is called unreal,
untrue past. The most commonly used form is:

IF + SIMPLE PAST, WOULD + V1

Truth =>I don't have enough money now, so I can't lend you any(Present)
Conditional Sentence=>If I had enough money, I would lend you some.

Truth => I am not rich, so I can not buy a villa in Kuadas.

Conditional Sentence=> If I were rich, I would buy a villa in Kusadas.

Truth => She is so shy; That is why she doesn't enjoy parties.
Conditional Sentence=> If she weren't so shy, she would enjoy parties.

Truth => We haven't central heating, so the house is rather cold.

Conditional Sentence=> If we had central heating, the house wouldn't be cold.

Truth => I live near my office, so I don't spend much time travelling to work.
Conditional Sentence=> If I didn't live near my house, I would spend much time
travelling to work.

Truth => Because I cannot drive, we cannot take the car.

Conditional Sentence=> If I could drive, I could take the car.

Truth=>I will work tomorrow, so I can't come to the cinema with you.
Cond. Sentence=>If I didn't have to work tomorrow, I'd come to the cinema with
you.

Truth => He never shaves so he looks unattractive. Cond. Sentence=> If he

shaved , he wouldn't look unattractive.

SITUATION: You are watching the starts one night with a friend. You start
talking about aliens.
You say:

If some aliens landed on earth , I would make friends with them.

If they didn't speak Turkish, I would use sign language.
If they took me back to their planet, I'd learn their language.
If anyone believed my story, I would become famous.

OTHER TENSES OR STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN TYPE-2

1) STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

A) Modals (could; might ;would have to ; would be able to...)

Truth=>You can't get the job because you can't speak English.
Cond. Sentence=> If you could speak English, you might get the
job.

Truth=> I don't know any French, so I can't help you.

Cond. Sentence=> If I knew any French, I could help you.

B) Would and Would be doing

Truth => I'm not rich, so I can't travel around the world.
Cond. Sentence=> If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

I think your baby is hungry because he is crying.

If he weren't hungry, he wouldn't be crying.

2) STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN THE-IF CLAUSE

 a) Past of BE (was ; were)

In the if clause, we use "were" for all subject pronouns. For

I/he/she/it, we may use "was" as well. Yet, the use of" were" is
more common.

Truth => They will be out of town next week, so we can't visit
them.
Cond. Sentence=> If they weren't out of town next week, we could
visit them.

If I were you , I would take that job. (but I am not you)

Note: If I were you = If I were in your shoes.

If I were in your shoes, I would marry that girl.

If the teacher were here, nobody would fight. (The teacher isn't
here, so some students are fighting.)
If the coffee weren't so cold, I would drink it . ( But the coffee is so
cold.)

If I were rich, I would buy a villa in Kuadas. ( But I am not rich )

If I was better qualified, I'd get the job. ( But I am not better
qualified)

"If it were not for = But for

We use this expression to explain why something has or hasn't

happened.

If it weren't for your advise, I would still be jobless.

(=Were it not for your advise, I'd still be jobless) inversion.

This expression can be followed by the fact that.

Were it not for the fact that it didn't rain, the crops would die.

b) Simple Past Tense

When the meaning is present or future, we use Simple Past in the-

if clause:

Truth => They won't come to my wedding ceremony tomorrow,

and I'm disappointed.
 She doesn't know that I've come back from holiday, so she won't
come to see me tonight.

Cond. Sentence=> If she knew that I'd come back from holiday,
she would come to see me tonight. (present meaning)

If someone tried to blackmail me , I would tell the police. (But I

don't expect that anyone will try to blackmail me. The meaning
here is future.)

If I had a map, I would lend it to you. ( But I haven't a map . The

meaning here is present)
If I lived near my school, I wouldn't be late . ( But I don't live near
school.)
If a burglar came into my room at night, I'd throw something at
him. But I do not expect a burglar to come in)
If I dyed my hair blue, everyone would laugh at me. ( But I do not
intend to dye it.)

c) was/were to , would

"If ...was/were to ..." can be used in the-if clause. This makes a

future possibility sound less probable; It can also be used to make
a suggestion more tentative.

What would you do if war were to break out?

If you were to move your chair a bit to the right, we could all sit
down.

d) Past Continuous Tense

When we make a conditional sentence considering the opposite of a

continuing action, we may use Past Continuous in the-if clause.

I am studying now, so I can't help you.

If I weren't studying now, I could help you.

Burhan bey is teaching now, so I can't talk.

If Burhan bey wasn't teaching now, I would talk.

e) Could and Had To

I can't leave work early today, so I can't meet you to go the

theatre.
If I could leave work early today, I could go to the theatre with
you.
 I have to stay home today to look after the kids, so I can't go out.
If I didn't have to stay home today to look after the kids, I could go
out.

f) SHOULD

It expresses that the possibility is so weak. This is especially

common when we are giving orders, advice , or suggestions.

If there were a nuclear war, many living things would disappear.

If there should be a nuclear war, many living things would
disappear.

If I were to see her tomorrow, I would give her young message.

If I should see her tomorrow, I would give her your message.

g) IF + Simple Past, Simple Past

We use this structure when we wish to express automatic or

habitual reactions in the past. It has a past meaning. It's not a
conditional.

If she failed an exam she cried for hours. ( whenever she failed,
she cried for hours.)
If anyone interrupted him while he was speaking, he got very
angry.(whenever he was interrupted, he got angry.)

h) IF + Simple Past, most tenses; If we use "if" to mean "as" or

"since", it is possible to use a variety of tenses in the main clause.
It has a past meaning but not true conditional.

If the pills made him dizzy, why did he use/is he using more.

TYPE-3: UNTRUE(CONTRARY TO FACT)IN THE PAST

We use type-3 when the time is past and the condition cannot be
fulfilled because the action in the if-clause didn't happen. The most
commonly used form is;

IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD HAVE V3

Truth =>She didn't study hard enough, so she didn't pass the test.
Conditional Sentence: If she had studied hard enough, she would
 have passed the test.

Truth => I drove so fast, so I had an accident.

Conditional Sentence: If I hadn't driven so fast, I wouldn't have
had an accident.

Truth => Merve and Senem didn't see the signal, so they didn't
stop.
Conditional Sentence: If Merve and Senem had seen the signal,
they would have stopped.

Truth => It was raining, so I didn't take the kids to the beach.
Conditional Sentence: If it had not been raining, I would take the
kids to the beach.

Truth => We didn't go by air only because we hadn't enough

money.
Conditional Sentence: If we had had enough money, we would
have gone by air.

Truth => The exit door were blocked, so people couldn't escape
from the burning wall.
Conditional Sentence: People could have escaped from the burning
wall if the exit door hadnt been blocked.

Truth=> She was late for work, because she didn't hear the clock
ring.
Conditional Sentence: If she had heard the clock ring, she wouldn't
have been late for work.

TENSES OR STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN TYPE-3

1) STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:

a) Would have done / would have been doing

Perihan didn't wear a coat, so she caught a cold.

If she had worn a coat, we wouldn't have caught a cold.

Senem started to work late, so she was still working at midnight.

If Senem had started to work earlier, she wouldn't have still been working at
midnight.
b) Would have had to and Would have been able to

If someone had helped me, I wouldn't have had to work still midnight.
If I hadn't run, I wouldn't have been able to catch the bus.

c) Modals (might, could ... )

He had the necessary qualifications, so he got the job.

If he hadn't had the necessary qualifications, he might not have got the job.
(=Perhaps he wouldn't have got the job.)

I learned all the prepositions by heart, so I did well on the test.

If I hadn't learned all the prepositions by heart, I couldn't have done well on the
test.
Henry might have lent his car if we had asked him.
You could have caught your train if you had left ten minutes earlier.

2) STRUCTURES WE CAN USE IN THE-IF CLAUSE

a)Past Perfect Tense

He didn't obey the speed limit, so he got a ticket for speeding.

If he had obeyed the speed limit he wouldn't have got a ticket for speeding.
If I had seen Atatrk, I would have been the happiest man in the world.
If they had invited us, naturally , we would have gone to the party.
He would have been very angry if he had learned the truth.
You wouldn't have caught cold if you had worn your overcoat.

b) Past Perfect Continuous

He wasn't wearing his seat-belt at the time of the accident, so he got badly
injured.
If he had been wearing his seat-belt at the time of the accident, he wouldn't have
gotten injured so badly.

If Betl hadn't been sleeping when the exam started, she could have passed the
test.
I would not have come up the stairs if the lift had been working.

c) Had had to and been able to:

I had to work on my project last night, so I missed my favourite programme on

TV.
If I hadn't had to work on my project last night, I could have watched my
favourite programme on TV.
They were able to persuade their landlady, so she paid for the burst pipe in the
bathroom.
If they had been able to persuade their landlady, she wouldn't have paid for the
burst pipe in the bathroom.

d) If it hadn't been for=But for

This expression is used to explain why something didn't happen in the past.

If it hadn't been for your help, I would have failed the exam.
But for your help, I would have failed the exam.

MIXED TYPE "IF" CLAUSES

The common pattern of "mixed type" is If+Past Perf, would V1.

When the action in the past affects the present situation, we use
this form. In this case, there are present expressions such as now,
today...etc.

I didn't pay for the bill and today I am in trouble.

If I had paid for the bill, I wouldn't be in trouble
today.

I spent all my money foolishly, and I am broke now.

If I hadn't spent all my money foolishly, I wouldn't be
broke now.

If I had been able to get high grades in Ktts, I

wouldn't have to study so hard for the finalls now.

If+ S.Past, would have V3 (type2=> type3)

He is a rude man, because he rebuked his wife in

front of others at the circumcision ceremony
yesterday.
If he weren't a rude man, he wouldn't have rebuked
his wife in front of others at the circumcision
ceremony yesterday.

If + Present, would have V3 (type2=>type3)

If I can drive as carefully as you think, I shouldn't

have caused an accident.
 OTHER CONDITIONALS

1) Unless: We usually use "unless" in order to mean "if not". If we

compare the sentence with "if not" and "unless" we will see that
"NOT" is not used in the sentences with "unless".

If you don't come, I won't invite you again.

Unless you come, I won't invite you again.

Unless you leave home at once, you will be late for

work.
You can't pass the Yds exam unless you memorize a
lot of words.

In the unless clause, a negative statement can

also be used. In this case the meaning is
emphasized.

Don't go out in the midday sun unless you really

can't avoid it.
(=Don't go out in the midday sun if you can avoid it.)

"Otherwise" which is an adverb also means "if

not".

The students obey all the rules otherwise they will be

punished.

2) provided/providing that ,as long as/so long as, only if

These structures are all in the meaning of IF. However, the

meaning is more stressed.

You can pass the exam only if you study hard.

You can pass the exam provided that you study hard
You can pass the exam providing that you study
hard.
You can pass the exam as long as you study hard.
You can pass the exam so long as you study hard.

We may use all these expressions in the beginning of the statement

but the main clause is inverted in the sentence with "only if".

Providing that you study hard, you can pass the

exam.
Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.
3) Even if:
We use "even if" when we want to give the idea that a particular
condition does not matter, the result won't change.

We have decided to go on a picnic even if it rains. I

won't forgive him even if he apologizes to me
Seyfeddin would have gone to the mosque even if his
father hadn't allowed.

4) Whether or not: We use "whether or not" (Not "if or not")in

order to introduce alternative conditionals. We use this item in
order to express the idea that neither this condition nor that
condition matters.

I will go to the party whether they invite me or not.

(=Even if they don't invite me to the party, I will go.)

5) Suppose that; Supposing that; On condition that ; What if

Suppose (that) you won the big prize, what would

you do?
Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we
do?
You can take my dictionary on condition that you
bring it back by Friday.
What if your pay check doesn't arrive in time?
(=What will happen if your pay check doesn't arrive
in time?
What if he didn't come tomorrow?
(=What would happen if he didn't come tomorrow?)

What if you hadn't learnt the news?

(=What would have happened if you hadn't learned
the news?)

6) In case:
It expresses a sort of precaution.

"In case and if" are completely different.

I will take my umbrella in case it rains.

I took my umbrella in case it rained.
I will go to my mother in case she needs help.
(...ihtiyac olur diye...)
I will go to my mother if she needs help. (...ihtiyac
olursa...)
 Tenses used with IN CASE

Main Clause In Case Subordinate Clause

Future (will or going to)
Simple Present
Simple Present
In Case Should
Present Continuous
Can, can't
Present Perfect
Past Tense
Would (used to)
Past Perfect
Past Tense In Case
should
Past Perfect
Could, couldn't

(Not : There's a sequence of tense in "in case")

Some students are carrying lots of pencils in case they need them.

I have taken my dictionary in case I can need it.

I had a glass of water by my bed in case I got
thirsty.

We may use "should" in both present and past forms. It only

indicates a weak possibility.

He would always take his umbrella in case it should

rain.
I want to give you my phone number in case you
should need me.

We may express "in case" with some other expressions such as because, for
fear that... etc:

I always put some money aside in case I need it urgently.

I always put some money aside because I may need it urgently.
I always put some money aside for fear that I may need it urgently.

In case of + a noun=In the event of

In case of emergency, you can call this number.

In the event of panic, call me.
7) Otherwise/or (else)

Tom always eats breakfast. Otherwise he gets hungry. (=If he doesn't eat
breakfast...)
Tom always eats breakfast, or(else) he gets hungry.

8) And

Stay at home for two days, and you'll feel better.

(=If you stay at home for two days, you'll feel better.)

9) But

I would visit you, but I don't know your address.

(=I would visit you if I knew your address.)

I would have phoned you, but I didn't know you were ill.
(=I would have phoned you if I had known you were ill.)

10) But for

We use "but for" for type-2 and type-3

My husband pays the fees, but for that I wouldn't be here for a while.
My husband paid the fees, but for that I wouldn't have been there.
But for your help, I wouldn't pass the exam.
I passed the exam. But for your help, I wouldn't have passed it.

11) Without

Without his generous contributions, we could never have held the Charity Ball.
(=If he hadn't contributed generously...)
I can't possibly finish this job without any help.
(=I can't possibly finish this job if I don't get any help.)

12) Omission of if

"if" is sometimes left out in conversational style.

You touch me again, I'll kick your teeth in. (=If you touch again...)
 VARIOUS STRUCTURES WITH IF

1. If with happen to: "Happen to" is used to suggest that something happens
by chance. It is often used with If.
If you happen to pass a baker's, pick me up a loaf, would you ?

"should happen to" can be used together.

If you should happen to finish early, give me a ring.

2. If so and If not: These are two useful expressions which are used instead of
complete sentences.
Have you got a free evening next week? If so, let's have dinner. (=If you have,
let's...)
Is anybody feeling cold ? If not, let's put the central heating off.

3. If I'd have: In Informal spoken English , an extra have is sometimes put into
if-clauses referring to the past

This is considered "incorrect" and is not normally written , but it is common even
in educated people's speech .
If I'd have known I'd have told you. (= If I had known....)

4. If meaning Although: In a rather formal style of English, "if" can be used

with a similar meaning to (al)though . This is most common in the structure If +
adjective (with no verb). "If" does not give so much importance as (all) though to
the contrast, exception or concession that is referred to.
His style, if mannered, is pleasant to read.
The profits, if a little lower than last year's, are still extremely healthy.

OMITTING IF (INVERSION)

A) TYPE 1

If I go to stanbul, I will visit the Topkap Museum.

Should I go to stanbul, I will visit the Topkap Museum.

If you don't pay your bills in time, you may get into trouble.
Should you not pay your bills in time, you may get in to trouble.

B) TYPE 2

If I were you, I would forgive him.

Were I you, I would forgive him.(I'd forgive him were I you)=>not common If
Burcu saw me tomorrow, what would she do?
Were Burcu to see me tomorrow, what would she do?
I would miss the bus if I didn't leave now.
Were I not to leave now, I would miss the bus.

C) TYPE 3

If she had been more careful, he wouldn't have had an accident.

Had he been more careful, he wouldn't have had an accident.

If Merwe hadn't forgotten about the meeting, she would have gone there.
Had Merwe not forgotten about the meeting, she would have gone there.

NOTE: We cannot use the contraction form here.

If I hadn't seen him (= Had I not seen him ? ) (NOT Hadn't I seen him)

WHEN AND IF

"IF" is used to suggest that you are not sure that something will
happen.
"When" is used to talk about events that are certain or very likely
to happen.

I see you in September when I come back. (= I am

sure I will come back)
Perhaps I'll see you in September if I have time.
(=Perhaps I won't have time)

Are you going out later?

Perhaps . If I go out, I will close the window . (= It is possible

that I will go out, but I am not sure.)

Are you going out later?

Yes , I am . When I go out, I'll close the window . (I am sure

that I will go out.)
In generalizations about things that happen repeatedly, both when
and If are possible, without much difference of meaning.

If/When you heat metal it expands.

 A GENERAL TABLE OF CONDITIONALS

There are five important types of conditions that must be learned

for examination purposes. The common tenses and structures used
in these conditions are indicated in the following table.

Type If Clause Main Clause

0. Cause & Effect - Simple Present Simple Present
Advice Commands Simple Present Verb + Obj. Complement
will
can
Simple Present
may + V1
1.Future Possibility Can+may +might V1
must
Should+V1
should
.........
Would
Simple Past Could + V1
2.Present Unreal
Could + Might have + V1 Might
........
Would have
Past Perfect
Could have + V3
3. Past Unreal Could have+ V3
Might have
Might have + v3
.................
Would
Past Perfect
Mixed Type Could + V1
Past Perfect
(3+2) Might
Continuous
...........
Examples:

Type o = If I go to Istanbul, I visit the Topkap Palace.

Type 1 = If I go to Istanbul, I will visit the Topkap Palace.
Type 2 = If I went to Istanbul, I would visit the topkap Palace.
Type 3 = If I had gone to Istanbul, I would have visited the Topkap Palace.
Mixed Type = If I had gone to Istanbul, I would visit the Topkap Palace now.