Geometry Grade-11 12

EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY: (50 marks)
Grade 11 theorems:
1. The line drawn from the centre of a circle perpendicular to a chord bisects
the chord.
2. The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of the
circle.
3. The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is double the size of
the angle subtended by the same arc at the circle.
(On the same side of the chord as the centre)
4. Angles subtended by a chord of the circle, on the same side of the chord,
are equal.
5. The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
6. Two tangents drawn to a circle from the same point outside the circle are
equal in length.
7. The angle between the tangent to a circle and the chord drawn from the
point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate segment.
8. The angle on circumference subtended by the diameter equals 90o.

9. Exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral equals to the opposite interior
angle.
10.A line from the centre of a circle to a tangent is perpendicular on
tangent.
Grade 12 theorems:
1. Proportionality theorem, (Midpoint)
2. Similarity theorem (Equiangular triangles)

Exercise 1
In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle.
C F
D
J K
I L
O
A B
G H
Describe the following and use the figure above to write an example of each:
a) Diameter
b) Radius
c) Chord
d) Segment
e) Sector
f) Arc
g) Secant
h) Tangent
The following are some forms of logic applicable in proof of theorems and riders:
If a b and b c then a c
If a b c and d b c then a b d b , so a d
If a b c and b d then a d c
According to the CAPS document there are seven theorems to be proved. The converses, where
they exist, should be known to solve riders. Proofs of converses will not be examined.
Theorems Hints
1. The line drawn from the centre of Identify the information that is given and mark it
the circle perpendicular to the on the figure.
chord bisects the chord.
A B
D
Write down what you aiming at, i.e.

R.T.P:
Construction will lead you to congruency
Identify the given information and draw the figure.
AD = DB
2. The perpendicular bisector of a
chord passes through the centre of
a circle.
A B
D
How will you know that O is the centre of the

circle? Which line segments should we prove
equal?
Construction will help to prove
3. The angle subtended by an arc at The following is important:
the centre of the circle is double Subtended by arc / chord
the size of the angle subtended by Investigate angle subtended by a diameter.
the same arc at the circumference. Isosceles triangles and exterior angle of a triangle.
C
O C
O
A A
B B
C
C
B
O A
O
E
B
A
What is R.T.P.?
Construction will lead to isosceles triangles and
exterior angles will assist to prove the theorem
4. Angles subtended by a chord of a This theorem is directly based on the previous
circle, on the same side of the theorem
chord, are equal.

Therefore it is important for learners to

understand the previous theorem
Learners can investigate angles subtended by
equal chords.
5. The opposite angles of a cyclic Pre-knowledge:
quadrilateral are supplementary. Opposite
Quadrilateral
Cyclic quadrilateral
Supplementary (sum )
A
B O D
C
R.T.P: ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
Construction joining AO and CO can assist the
learners to recognise the angle at the centre and
the angle on the circle.
Using sum of angles of a quadrilateral (360

Ways of proving that a quadrilateral is a cyclic

quadrilateral:
Angles subtended by the same arc are equal, that
is
A
B
D
C
Opposite angles of a quadrilateral are

supplementary
D E
F G
Exterior angle of a quadrilateral isequal to the

opposite interior angle.
B A
C
D E
6. Two tangents drawn to a circle Revise the following:
from the same point outside the Tangents to a circle
circle are equal in length. Radius tangent
Congruency
Radii
Identify the given and draw a figure
A
C
O
What is R.T.P.?By joining OA, OB and OC, it can be

proved that (RHS)
(congruency)
7. The angle between the tangent to Revise theorems and axioms pertaining to:
a circle and the chord drawn from Tangent to a circle
the point of contact is equal to the Identify segments and alternate segments
angle in the alternate segment. Angle subtended by the diameter
Sum of angles of a triangle
Diameter tangent
Draw a figure and identify the given information.
F
E
O. D
A B C
Constr: Draw diameter BF and join FD and then apply
the concepts.
When a theorem is stated, identify:

Information given in the statement and underline key words used
What is to be proved.
Then you need to be able to draw the sketch with the given statements and be able to what
should be shown as a proof.
Exercise2 A
1. D is the midpoint of the chord AB and DC

AB with C on the circle. If AB = 300mm,
and DC =50mm, calculate the radius of
the circle. 50 C
D
2. AB is the chord of the circle with centre O

E
and is 24cm long. C is the midpoint of AB.
CE AB cuts the circle at E. Calculate the 8
value of x if CE = 8cm. AC = m
A B
C
x
3. AB and CD are two chords of a circle with centre O. M is on AB and N is on CD such that
OM AB and ON CD. Also AB = 50mm, OM = 40mm and ON = 20mm. Determine the
radius of the circle and the length of CD.
4. O is the centre of the circle below, LKP is a straight line and O 1 2 x

4.1 Determine O2 and M in terms ofx.
4.2 Determine K 1 and K 2 in terms of x.
4.3 Determine K M . What do you
1
K P
L 1 2
notice?
4.4 Write down your observation
regarding the measure of K 2 1
O2
and M
M
5. O is the centre of the circle below.MPT is the tangent and OP MT.
Determine, with reasons, x, y and z
A
z B
3
2
P T
M
6. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

MK is a tangent touching the A
D
circle at C. CA bisects B D. If
AC and BD intersect at O and
B M = 500, and B A = 1100, 0
calculate: 110 O
6.1 B D
6.2 A D B
6.3 D K
50
0
K
M C
7. PA and PB are tangents to the circle ABC at A and B respectively. PA is parallel to BC.
A
P
7.1 Prove that:
a) AB = AC
b) AB bisects P C
7.2 If A B = 400, determine:

a) A
b) C
C B
8. In the diagram below, two circles have a common tangent TAB. PT is a tangent to the
smaller circle. PAQ, QRT and NAR are straight lines.Let Q x
8.1 Name, with reasons, THREE other angles equal to x.
8.2 Prove that APTR is a cyclic quadrilateral.
9. In the figure TP and TS are tangents to the given circle. R is a point on the circumference. Q is
a point on PR suchthat Q1 P1 . SQ is drawn. Let P1 x .
Prove that:
9.1 TQ || SR
9.2 QPTS is a cyclic quadrilateral
9.3 TQ bisects SQP
10. In the figure below, O is the centre of the circle and PT = PR.
Let R1 y and O1 x .
10.1 Express x in terms of y.

10.2 If TQ = TR andx= 120 calculate the measure of:
(a) y
(b) R 2

Geometry Grade-11 12

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Geometry Grade-11 12

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Geometry Grade-11 12

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are some important theorems and concepts discussed in the document?

What are some important theorems and concepts discussed in the document?

What logic forms are mentioned as being applicable in proof of theorems?

What logic forms are mentioned as being applicable in proof of theorems?

EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY: (50 marks)

8. The angle on circumference subtended by the diameter equals 90o.

1. Proportionality theorem, (Midpoint)

2. Similarity theorem (Equiangular triangles)

Write down what you aiming at, i.e.

How will you know that O is the centre of the

Therefore it is important for learners to

Ways of proving that a quadrilateral is a cyclic

Opposite angles of a quadrilateral are

Exterior angle of a quadrilateral isequal to the

What is R.T.P.?By joining OA, OB and OC, it can be

When a theorem is stated, identify:

1. D is the midpoint of the chord AB and DC

2. AB is the chord of the circle with centre O

4. O is the centre of the circle below, LKP is a straight line and O 1 2 x

6. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

7.2 If A B = 400, determine:

10.1 Express x in terms of y.

You might also like