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    Examples 2: Vector Spaces and Subspaces - Solutions: A 0 0 A S and A A A V A A A A S A A S

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    DumithJayathilaka
    This document contains examples and solutions for determining whether given sets of vectors are subspaces. It examines subsets of R^3, M22 (the set of 2x2 matrices), P3 (the set of polynomials of degree less than or equal to 3), and a general vector space V. Each example checks whether the given set satisfies the properties of closure under addition and scalar multiplication to be a subspace.

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    Examples 2: Vector Spaces and Subspaces - Solutions: A 0 0 A S and A A A V A A A A S A A S

    Uploaded by

    DumithJayathilaka
    67 views3 pages
    This document contains examples and solutions for determining whether given sets of vectors are subspaces. It examines subsets of R^3, M22 (the set of 2x2 matrices), P3 (the set of polynomials of degree less than or equal to 3), and a general vector space V. Each example checks whether the given set satisfies the properties of closure under addition and scalar multiplication to be a subspace.

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    Solutions in linear algebra

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    sol2

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    This document contains examples and solutions for determining whether given sets of vectors are subspaces. It examines subsets of R^3, M22 (the set of 2x2 matrices), P3 (the set of polynomials of degree less than or equal to 3), and a general vector space V. Each example checks whether the given set satisfies the properties of closure under addition and scalar multiplication to be a subspace.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    67 views3 pages

    Examples 2: Vector Spaces and Subspaces - Solutions: A 0 0 A S and A A A V A A A A S A A S

    Uploaded by

    DumithJayathilaka
    This document contains examples and solutions for determining whether given sets of vectors are subspaces. It examines subsets of R^3, M22 (the set of 2x2 matrices), P3 (the set of polynomials of degree less than or equal to 3), and a general vector space V. Each example checks whether the given set satisfies the properties of closure under addition and scalar multiplication to be a subspace.

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    11.

    2MH1 LINEAR ALGEBRA

    EXAMPLES 2: VECTOR SPACES AND SUBSPACES


    SOLUTIONS

    1. (a) Let S a00 3 a .


    Suppose u v S and .
    Then u a1 0 0 and v a2 0 0 for some a1 a2 .
    Now u v a1 0 0 a2 0 0 a1 a2 0 0 S
    and u a1 0 0 a1 0 0 S.
    Hence S is a subspace of 3 .
    (b) Let S a10 3 a .
    0 0 0 0 S, so S is not a subspace of 3 .
    (c) Let S a 3a 2a 3 a .
    Suppose u v S and .
    Then u a1 3a1 2a1 and v a2 3a2 2a2 for some a1 a2 .
    Now u v a1 3a1 2a1 a2 3a2 2a2 a1 a2 3a1 3a2 2a1 2a2
    a1 a2 3 a1 a2 2 a1 a2
    S
    and u a1 3a1 2a1 a1 3a1 2a1 a1 3 a1 2 a1 S.
    Hence S is a subspace of . 3

    (d) Let S xyz 3 x2 y2 z2 1 xyz .


    Take u 1 0 0 and v 0 1 0 . Now u v S
    but u v 100 010 1 1 0 and 12 12 02 2 so u v S.
    Hence S is not a subspace of . 3

    a b
    2. (a) Let S M22 a b c d .
    c d
    1 1 1 1 1
    1 1 2 2
    Then S but 1 1 S
    1 1 2 1 1 2 2
    Hence S is not a subspace of M22 .
    (b) Let S A M22 A At .
    Suppose A B S and .
    Then A B t At Bt (property of matrix transpose)
    A B since A B S
    so A B S
    Also A t At A, so A S.
    Hence S is a subspace of M22 .
    (c) Let S A M22 detA 0 .
    1 0 0 0 1 0
    Let A B then A B
    0 0 0 1 0 1

    1
    Now detA detB 0, but det A B 1.
    Hence A B S, but A B S.
    Hence S is not a subspace of M22 .
    3. (a) Let S a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3 a1 a2 a3 .
    Suppose p x q x S and .
    Then p x a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3 and q x b1 x b2 x2 b3 x3 for some a1 a2 a3 b1 b2 b3 .
    Now, p x q x a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3 b1 x b2 x2 b3 x3
    a1 b1 x a2 b2 x2 a3 b3 x3
    S
    Also, p x a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3
    a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3
    S
    Hence S is a subspace of P3 .
    (b) Let S a0 a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3 a0 a1 a2 a3 a0 a1 a2 a3 0 .
    Suppose p x q x S and .
    There exist a0 a1 a2 a3 b0 b1 b2 b3 such that
    px a0 a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3 where a0 a1 a2 a3 0
    qx b0 b1 x b2 x2 b3 x3 b0 b1 b2 b3 0

    Then p x qx a0 a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3 b0 b1 x b2 x2 b3 x3
    a0 b0 a1 b1 x a2 b2 x2 a3 b3 x3
    Now,
    a0 b0 a1 b1 a2 b2 a3 b3 a0 a1 a2 a3 b0 b1 b2 b3
    0 0
    0
    So p q S.
    Also px a0 a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3
    a0 a1 x a2 x2 a3 x3
    Now, a0 a1 a2 a3 a0 a1 a2 a3
    0
    so p S. Hence S is a subspace of P3 .
    4. (a) Let S f V f 0 0 .
    Suppose f g S and .
    Then f g 0 f 0 g0
    0 0 since f g S
    0
    So f g S.
    Also f 0 f 0 0 (since f S) so f S.
    Hence S is a subspace of V .
    (b) Let S f V f 0 1 .
    Take f x 1 x and g x 1 x2 . Now f 0 g0 1 so f g S, but f g 0
    f 0 g0 2. Hence f g S and therefore S is not a subspace of V

    2
    (c) Let S f V f is continuous
    Suppose f g S and .
    Then, as was discussed in the first year calculus course, f g and f are continuous and
    so lie in S. Hence S is a subspace of V .
    (d) Let S f V f is differentiable .
    Suppose f g S and .
    As was shown in the the first year calculus course f g and f are differentiable and so
    lie in S. Hence S is a subspace of V .

    5. (a) 0 u 0u 0 0 u
    0u
    0u 0
    Hence 0 u 0.
    (b) u u u u
    0
    0
    Hence u u.
    (c) Suppose u v 0
    1 1
    Then u v
    1 1
    so u v (vector space axiom)
    hence 1u 1v
    and so u v (axiom)

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