Ch12 Presn PDF
Ch12 Presn PDF
Ch12 Presn PDF
9DULDWLRQV
RQ
%DFNSURSDJDWLRQ
9DULDWLRQV
+HXULVWLF0RGLILFDWLRQV
0RPHQWXP
9DULDEOH/HDUQLQJ5DWH
6WDQGDUG1XPHULFDO2SWLPL]DWLRQ
&RQMXJDWH*UDGLHQW
1HZWRQV0HWKRG/HYHQEHUJ0DUTXDUGW
3HUIRUPDQFH6XUIDFH([DPSOH
1HWZRUN$UFKLWHFWXUH 1RPLQDO)XQFWLRQ
,QSXW /RJ6LJPRLG/D\HU /RJ6LJPRLG/D\HU
E Q
D
S
Q D E
Z
Z
E
3DUDPHWHU9DOXHV
Z Z E E
Z Z E
6TXDUHG(UURUYVZDQGZ
Z
Z Z
Z
6TXDUHG(UURUYVZDQGE
E
Z
E
Z
6TXDUHG(UURUYVEDQGE
E
E E
E
&RQYHUJHQFH([DPSOH
Z
Z
/HDUQLQJ5DWH7RR/DUJH
Z
Z
0RPHQWXP
)LOWHU
\ N \ N Z N
([DPSOH
N
ZN VLQ
0RPHQWXP%DFNSURSDJDWLRQ
6WHHSHVW'HVFHQW%DFNSURSDJDWLRQ
6'%3
P P P 7
: N V D
Z
P P
E N V
0RPHQWXP%DFNSURSDJDWLRQ
02%3
Z
P P P P 7
: N : N V D
P P P
E N E N V
9DULDEOH/HDUQLQJ5DWH9/%3
VHWWR]HUR
,IWKHVTXDUHGHUURUGHFUHDVHVDIWHUDZHLJKWXSGDWHWKHQWKH
ZHLJKWXSGDWHLVDFFHSWHGDQGWKHOHDUQLQJUDWHLVPXOWLSOLHG
E\VRPHIDFWRU!,IKDVEHHQSUHYLRXVO\VHWWR]HURLWLV
UHVHWWRLWVRULJLQDOYDOXH
,IWKHVTXDUHGHUURULQFUHDVHVE\OHVVWKDQWKHQWKHZHLJKW
XSGDWHLVDFFHSWHGEXWWKHOHDUQLQJUDWHDQGWKHPRPHQWXP
FRHIILFLHQWDUHXQFKDQJHG
([DPSOH
Z
Z
,WHUDWLRQ1XPEHU ,WHUDWLRQ1XPEHU
&RQMXJDWH*UDGLHQW
7KHILUVWVHDUFKGLUHFWLRQLVVWHHSHVWGHVFHQW
S J J N ) [
[ [N
7DNHDVWHSDQGFKRRVHWKHOHDUQLQJUDWHWRPLQLPL]HWKH
IXQFWLRQDORQJWKHVHDUFKGLUHFWLRQ
[N [N N SN
6HOHFWWKHQH[WVHDUFKGLUHFWLRQDFFRUGLQJWR
SN JN N SN
ZKHUH
7
J N J N J 7N J N 7
J N J N
N
7 RU N
7
RU N
7
J N S N JN J N JN JN
,QWHUYDO/RFDWLRQ
)[S
C D
C D
C D
C D
C D
,QWHUYDO5HGXFWLRQ
)[S )[S
C E D C EDF
D ,QWHUYDOLVQRWUHGXFHG E0LQLPXPPXVWRFFXU
EHWZHHQFDQGE
*ROGHQ6HFWLRQ6HDUFK
6HW F DED)F )F
G EED)G )G
)RUN UHSHDW
,I)F)GWKHQ
6HW DN DNEN GNGN FN
FN DNENDN
)G )F)F )FN
HOVH
6HW DN FNEN ENFN GN
GN ENENDN
)F )G)G )GN
HQG
HQGXQWLOENDNWRO
&RQMXJDWH*UDGLHQW%3&*%3
,QWHUPHGLDWH6WHSV &RPSOHWH7UDMHFWRU\
Z
Z
Z Z
1HZWRQV0HWKRG
[N [N $N J N
$N ) [ J N ) [
[ [N [ [N
,IWKHSHUIRUPDQFHLQGH[LVDVXPRIVTXDUHVIXQFWLRQ
1
)[ YL [ Y7 [ Y [
L
WKHQWKHMWKHOHPHQWRIWKHJUDGLHQWLV
1
) [ Y L [
; ) [ = M Y L [
[ M [ M
L
0DWUL[)RUP
7KHJUDGLHQWFDQEHZULWWHQLQPDWUL[IRUP
7
) [ - [ Y [
ZKHUH-LVWKH-DFRELDQPDWUL[
Y [ Y [ Y [
[ [ [ Q
Y [ Y [ Y [
- [ [ [ [ Q
Y 1 [ Y 1 [ Y 1 [
[ [ [ Q
+HVVLDQ
1
)[ Y L [ Y L [ YL [
; ) [ = N M Y L [
[N [ M [ N [ M [ N [ M
L
7
) [ - [ - [ 6 [
1
6 [ YL [ YL [
L
*DXVV1HZWRQ0HWKRG
$SSUR[LPDWHWKH+HVVLDQPDWUL[DV
7
) [ - [ - [
1HZWRQVPHWKRGEHFRPHV
7 7
[N [ N ; - [ N - [N = - [N Y [N
[ N ; -7 [N - [ N = - 7 [ N Y [N
/HYHQEHUJ0DUTXDUGW
*DXVV1HZWRQDSSUR[LPDWHVWKH+HVVLDQE\
7
+ - -
7KLVPDWUL[PD\EHVLQJXODUEXWFDQEHPDGHLQYHUWLEOHDVIROORZV
* + ,
,IWKHHLJHQYDOXHVDQGHLJHQYHFWRUVRI+DUH
[ Q ] [ ] ] ] Q ]
WKHQ (LJHQYDOXHVRI*
*] L ; + , = ]L +] L ] L L ]L ]L L ]L
7 7
[N [N ; - [N - [N N , = - [N Y [N
$GMXVWPHQWRIN
$VN/0EHFRPHV*DXVV1HZWRQ
7 7
[N [ N ; - [N - [N = - [N Y [N
$VN/0EHFRPHV6WHHSHVW'HVFHQWZLWKVPDOOOHDUQLQJUDWH
7
[ N [ N - [ N Y [ N [ N ) [
N N
7KHUHIRUHEHJLQZLWKDVPDOONWRXVH*DXVV1HZWRQDQGVSHHG
FRQYHUJHQFH,IDVWHSGRHVQRW\LHOGDVPDOOHU)[WKHQUHSHDWWKH
VWHSZLWKDQLQFUHDVHGNXQWLO)[LVGHFUHDVHG)[PXVW
GHFUHDVHHYHQWXDOO\VLQFHZHZLOOEHWDNLQJDYHU\VPDOOVWHSLQWKH
VWHHSHVWGHVFHQWGLUHFWLRQ
$SSOLFDWLRQWR0XOWLOD\HU1HWZRUN
7KHSHUIRUPDQFHLQGH[IRUWKHPXOWLOD\HUQHWZRUNLV
0
4 4 4 6 1
7 7
WT DT H M T YL
)[ W T DT HT H T
T T T M L
7KHHUURUYHFWRULV
7
Y Y Y Y 1 H H H 0 H H 0
6 6 4
7KHSDUDPHWHUYHFWRULV
7 0
[ [ [ [Q Z Z Z E E Z E 0
6 5 6 6
7KHGLPHQVLRQVRIWKHWZRYHFWRUVDUH
0 0 0
1 46 Q 6 5 6 6 6 6
-DFRELDQ0DWUL[
H H H H
Z Z Z E
6 5
H H H H
Z Z Z E
6 5
-[
H 0 H 0 H H H H
0 0
6 6 6 6
Z Z Z E
6 5
H H H H
Z Z Z E
6 5
&RPSXWLQJWKH-DFRELDQ
6'%3FRPSXWHVWHUPVOLNH
7
) [ H T H T
[ O [O
XVLQJWKHFKDLQUXOH
P
) ) Q L
P
P
P
Z L M Q L Z L M
ZKHUHWKHVHQVLWLYLW\
P )
V L P
Q L
LVFRPSXWHGXVLQJEDFNSURSDJDWLRQ
)RUWKH-DFRELDQZHQHHGWRFRPSXWHWHUPVOLNH
Y K H N T
; - = K O
[ O [ O
0DUTXDUGW6HQVLWLYLW\
,IZHGHILQHD0DUTXDUGWVHQVLWLYLW\
Y K H N T
VP
L K
K T 6 N
0
P P
Q L T Q L T
:HFDQFRPSXWHWKH-DFRELDQDVIROORZV
ZHLJKW
P P
Y K H N T H N T Q L T P Q L T P P
; - = K O
V L K
V L K D M T
[ O Z L M
P P
Q L T Z L M
P
Z L M
P
ELDV
P P
Y K H N T H N T Q L T P Q L T P
; - =K O
V L K
V L K
[O E L
P P
Q L T E L
P
E L
P
&RPSXWLQJWKH6HQVLWLYLWLHV
,QLWLDOL]DWLRQ
0 0
0 Y K H N T W N T D N T D N T
V L K
0 0 0 0
Q L T Q L T Q L T Q L T
I0 Q 0 IRUL N
0 L T
V L K
IRUL N
0 0
6 T
0
) Q T
%DFNSURSDJDWLRQ
P P P P 7 P
6 T ) Q T : 6T
P P P P
6 6 6 6 4
/0%3
3UHVHQWDOOLQSXWVWRWKHQHWZRUNDQGFRPSXWHWKH
FRUUHVSRQGLQJQHWZRUNRXWSXWVDQGWKHHUURUV&RPSXWHWKH
VXPRIVTXDUHGHUURUVRYHUDOOLQSXWV
&RPSXWHWKH-DFRELDQPDWUL[&DOFXODWHWKHVHQVLWLYLWLHVZLWK
WKHEDFNSURSDJDWLRQDOJRULWKPDIWHULQLWLDOL]LQJ$XJPHQWWKH
LQGLYLGXDOPDWULFHVLQWRWKH0DUTXDUGWVHQVLWLYLWLHV&RPSXWH
WKHHOHPHQWVRIWKH-DFRELDQPDWUL[
6ROYHWRREWDLQWKHFKDQJHLQWKHZHLJKWV
5HFRPSXWHWKHVXPRIVTXDUHGHUURUVZLWKWKHQHZZHLJKWV,I
WKLVQHZVXPRIVTXDUHVLVVPDOOHUWKDQWKDWFRPSXWHGLQVWHS
WKHQGLYLGHNE\XSGDWHWKHZHLJKWVDQGJREDFNWRVWHS
,IWKHVXPRIVTXDUHVLVQRWUHGXFHGWKHQPXOWLSO\NE\
DQGJREDFNWRVWHS
([DPSOH/0%36WHS
Z
Z
/0%37UDMHFWRU\
Z
Z