Pre-Feasibility Study

TOMATO PASTE AND FRUIT PULP

Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority

Government of Pakistan
www.smeda.org.pk
HEAD OFFICE
Waheed Trade Complex, 1st Floor , 36-Commercial Zone, Phase III, Sector XX, Khayaban-e-Iqbal, DHA Lahore
Tel: (042) 111-111-456, Fax: (042) 5896619, 5899756
Helpdesk@smeda.org.pk

REGIONAL OFFICE REGIONAL OFFICE REGIONAL OFFICE REGIONAL OFFICE

PUNJAB SINDH NWFP BALOCHISTAN
Waheed Trade Complex,
1st Floor, 36-Commercial Zone, 5TH Floor, Bahria Ground Floor Bungalow No. 15-A
Phase III, Sector XX, Complex II, M.T. Khan Road, State Life Building Chaman Housing Scheme
Khayaban-e-Iqbal, DHA Lahore. Karachi. The Mall, Peshawar. Airport Road, Quetta.
Tel: (042) 111-111-456 Tel: (021) 111-111-456 Tel: (091) 9213046-47 Tel: (081) 831623, 831702
Fax: (042) 5896619, 5899756 Fax: (021) 5610572 Fax: (091) 286908 Fax: (081) 831922
Helpdesk@smeda.org.pk helpdesk-khi@smeda.org.pk helpdesk-pew@smeda.org.pk helpdesk-qta@smeda.org.pk

March 2004
Pre-Feasibility Study Tomato Paste and Fruit Pulp

DISCLAIMER
The purpose and scope of this information memorandum is to introduce the subject
matter and provide a general idea and information on the said area. All the material
included in this document is based on data/information gathered from various sources
and is based on certain assumptions. Although, due care and diligence has been taken
to compile this document, the contained information may vary due to any change in
any of the concerned factors, and the actual results may differ substantially from the
presented information. SMEDA does not assume any liability for any financial or
other loss resulting from this memorandum in consequence of undertaking this
activity. Therefore, the content of this memorandum should not be relied upon for
making any decision, investment or otherwise. The prospective user of this
memorandum is encouraged to carry out his/her own due diligence and gather any
information he/she considers necessary for making an informed decision.
The content of the information memorandum does not bind SMEDA in any legal or
other form.

DOCUMENT CONTROL
Document No. PREF-41
Revision 1
Prepared by SMEDA-Punjab
Approved by GM Punjab
Issue Date March, 2004
Issued by Library Officer

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Pre-Feasibility Study Tomato Paste and Fruit Pulp

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Brief
Agriculture sector is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy employing 44 % of the
work force. Nature has blessed Pakistan with an ideal climate for growing a large
variety of vegetables and fruits. Agricultural sector is directly or indirectly
contributing 25% towards GDP. According to Agriculture Department, 30% of
vegetables/fruits are wasted due to negligence and lack of processing facilities, which
could convert them into non-perishable form, permitting its transportation and storage
without wastage. With the spread of education, change in habits of populace, growth
in working women force and increase in per capita income & urbanization, the
demand for processed vegetable/fruit products is increasing progressively.
Tomato is a rich source of vitamin A & C and is cultivated over vast area of land in
the world. It has its origin from Themistition, city of Mexico where it was named as
Tomatile. Then its cultivation was started in Central America and subsequently
shifted to Europe. In Indo-Pak sub continent, its utility is growing year by year
resulting into more cultivation. It is popular due to its color, taste & food value.
Tomato has long been processed into Ketchup in Italy, Turkey, Greece, USA and
European countries. It is used in large quantity at household and restaurants in the
shape of tomato juice, tomato puree and paste. These products are also gaining
popularity in Pakistan.
Like Tomato, fruits are delicious in taste and are abundantly available in their
respective ripe seasons and are also a source of vitamins, proteins and carbohydrates.
Fruits like Mango, Guava, Apricot, Strawberry, etc. are processed into pulp, paste,
juices, squashes and jam. These products are used as part of food item by the people
all over the world.

1.2 Project Brief

The proposed project has been designed as a medium scale-processing unit. It
describes the processing facilities for Tomato Paste and Pulps of various fruits like
Apple, Mango, Guava, etc. with crushing capacity of 2,000 Kg per hour of fresh
Tomato/Fruits.
Products, such as tomato paste/puree and fruits pulp of Mango, Guava, Strawberry,
Apricot, etc. have potential demand with local fruit/vegetable processors as well as
the retail market. Introduction of vegetable and fruit processing facilities in the
country can contribute in reducing the dependence of local industry on imported
tomato paste. The paste is currently being imported mainly from China, Turkey and
Iran. 406 tons of tomato paste was imported during the year 2001-2002.
In Pakistan, processing of vegetables and fruit products is a viable and profitable
business opportunity that is yet to be fully exploited.

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Proposed sales of different products to different market segments under this project is
as follows:
1. Tomato Paste/Puree1
§ 90% of Tomato Paste/Puree to the processors/hotels
§ 10% of Tomato Paste/Puree to retail consumers
2. Fruit Pulp
§ 100% of Fruits Pulp to the processors

1.3 Opportunity Rationale

Vegetables/Fruits processing industry, in general, is showing signs of healthy growth
with expanding product range and increased acceptability in the local market.
Favorable natural environment, increasing population, rising demand for processed
vegetables and fruits, and lower cost of the factor of production are some of the
factors that can contribute towards sustained high growth rate in this particular sector.
Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables in the world. The derivatives of tomato
like paste, juice, ketchup, etc. are widely used in kitchens all around the world. With
the increasing affluence of the world, its demand has increased very rapidly resulting
in wide scale development of tomato industry for production of tomato paste/puree.
Rise of the fast food industry in the country is also having a significant impact on the
demand for tomato and fruit products. It is expected that this trend will continue in the
near future, and increase the consumption of tomato and fruit products significantly.
Vegetable and Fruit juice industry has become one of the world's major agriculture
based businesses. Pakistan is presently exporting processed vegetable and fruit
products worth US$ 3 million which is 0.06% of the total existing world market of
US$ 5 billion.
Local vegetables & fruits processing market still has room for further expansion. Per
capita consumption is still very low as compared to developed countries. For example,
US consumption of tomato paste per capita is 30 kg per year, EU countries consume
15 kg per capita, and Turkey consumes 1 Kg Per capita. As compared to these figures
per capita consumption in Pakistan is negligible. It shows that there is still big
potential for demand from the local market, which is expected to rise with the passage
of time.

1.4 Viable Economic Size

A tomato paste and fruit pulp processing plant can be designed with a wide range of
optimal processing capacity and product mix. However, it is suggested that the
smallest viable economic processing unit should have 2,000 kg of either tomato or
fruit processing capacity per hour. Processing plant used for the purpose of this pre-
feasibility study has an annual production capacity of 778 tons of tomato paste/puree
and 1,920 tons of fruit pulp. Production break up for this capacity is given below:

1
Tomato Paste and Puree differs mainly on the basis of BRIX and water contents
3

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Table 1.1: -Viable Economic Size

Description Capacity
Fresh Tomato crushing 2,000 Kg per hour
Fresh Fruits crushing 2,000 Kg per hour
Shifts 2(Two) for Tomato Processing
1(One) for Fruits Processing
Hours per shift 8
Annual Production Capacity (100% capacity)2
Tomato Paste/Puree 778 Tons
Fruits Pulp 1,920 Tons

1.5 Project Cost

Rs. 39.48 million

1.6 Implementation Period

One (1) Year
2 PROCESS FLOW
2.1 Process Flow Chart
SORTING/ SCRUBBING CHOPPING THERMO
WASHING BREAKING

EVAPORATION/ REFINING
PACKAGING PULPING
CONCENTRATION

STORING CUSTOMER

2.2 Process & Products

PUREE, PASTE & PULP are differentiated mainly on the basis of BRIX3 and water
contents.
Table 2.1: - Total BRIX in Tomato Paste/Puree and Fruit Pulp
Tomato Paste 33%
Tomato Puree 15%
Fruit Pulp 30%-50%
HOT BREAK is a method where in tomatoes/selected fruits are heated by passing
through a steam heated tubular heater. This method gives better yield of pulp having
higher viscosity without being separated into juice & pulp. This process also kills
microorganism.

2
Average recovery from tomato is 27% and from fruits is 60%
3
is the measure of solid contents in Pulp
4

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COLD BREAK is a method where tomatoes are not heated to get the pulp. The pulp
obtained through Cold Break process is of lower quality when compared to pulp
obtained by Hot Break.
As regards the end use, there is no hard and fast rule for hot process or cold process.
Generally, hot process is preferred as it gives a better aroma, better yield and is in use
for production of processed products by the Industry.
3 CURRENT INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
3.1 Major Players
A large number of fruit and vegetable processing entities are in operation both in
organized sector and informal sub-sector. Major processors are Shezan International
Ltd., Mitchell’s Fruit Farms Ltd., Ahmed Food Industries (Private) Ltd., Nestle
Milkpak Limited, S.A. Rehman & Co., Benz Industries Ltd., Rafhan Best Foods
Limited and Hamdard Fruit Products. According to the estimates of Export Promotion
Bureau (EPB), at present, the capacity for the production of fruit juices/preserves,
canned fruits, tomato products, syrups, squashes and processed vegetables is
estimated at about 100,000 tons per annum
Other Fruits and Vegetable processors are Shangrila Foods, National Foods, Tops
Fruit, Salman Foods and Kinza Foods.

3.2 Hubs of Fruit Processing Units

Most of the fruit/vegetable processing units are located in and around Lahore,
Islamabad, Karachi, Hyderabad, Hattar and Sargodha. A few factories are also located
in small towns and working on very small scale near Lahore and Sahiwal.

3.3 World's Tomato/Fruits Processing Industry

Competition has intensified as world exports of fresh tomatoes from key suppliers
have been increasing in recent years. It is noteworthy that the major exporters of fresh
tomatoes are also major importers. Over the last decade, China’s exports of tomato
products have grown immensely. From 1999-2003, China’s fresh tomato production
has grown 40 percent to 25.9 million tons, according to the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations. China currently produces about 25 percent of the
world’s tomato production. United States is the world’s second leading producer of
tomatoes, after China.
Table 3-1 Leading Tomato producers
Country Production in MT for FY 2003
China 25.9
United States 11.5
Italy 6.1
Spain 3.9
Mexico 2
Greece 1.6
Portugal 1.1
France 0.893
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Turkey 0.315
4 MARKET
4.1 The Country
The growth of the manufacturing sector has averaged more than 8% over the last 40
years. In manufacturing, cotton yarn & textiles is the leading sector, followed by food
processing industries, largely based on indigenous raw materials.
Agriculture is still the mainstay of the economy. The geographical location provides a
large variety of agricultural crops used for both food and raw material for industries.
Fruits of Pakistan are unique in taste, aroma and are mostly organic as very low
quantities of chemicals are used in their cultivation. Moreover, vegetables/fruits are
not genetically modified. In addition to the local market, the markets of Afghanistan
and Central Asian Republics can be effectively catered from Pakistan. Pakistan is a
member of both the Economic Co-operation Organization (ECO) and the South Asian
Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC), which further expands the potential
of the target market enabling the establishment of economic size fruits and vegetables
processing plants for industrial activity.
Pakistan’s production of tomatoes has been decreasing over the years but in the year
2002 it has shown an upward trend. The following table shows Pakistan’s tomato
production for the last five years:
Table 4-1 Production of tomatoes (1,000 tonnes) in Pakistan
Year Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Total
1997-1998 65.3 32.4 123.1 104.5 325.3
1998-1999 68.9 32.4 130.5 100.2 332.0
1999-2000 71.6 30.8 138.1 42.7 283.2
2000-2001 60.8 32.9 140.0 36.1 269.8
2001-2002 62.2 32.8 146.2 52.9 294.1

4.2 Potential Markets

The market for vegetable/fruit processed products are:
§ Local Market: According to estimates about 95% of the processed products
(puree, paste, pulps, jams, jelly and juices) are sold in the local market. The
proposed project has very wide market for processors, hotel industry and retail
sellers of tomato and fruit products.
§ Export Market: There is great potential of vegetable/fruit processed products in
Middle East, Far East, UK, European Countries, USA and Malaysia.

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Figure 4-1: Exports of Vegetables from Pakistan4

200000
175000
150000
125000
100000
75000
50000
25000
0
2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003
Exp orts of Vegetables Q uantity in K g.
Exp orts of Vegetables Value in 1000 U S$

Figure 4-2: Exports of Fruits from Pakistan5

350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003

Exports of Fruits Quantity in Kg.

Exports of Fruits Value in 1000 US$

4.3 Retail Supply of Tomato Paste

Demand of tomato paste and fruits pulp exists in the Pakistani market. Major portion
of the produce is sold as intermediary products and only a small portion is processed
and sold as tomato paste/puree in the retail market. Only the leading food processors
have branded products in the market.

4
Export Promotion Bureau website
5
Export Promotion Bureau website
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4.4 Retail Market Price

Retail prices for different brands of tomato paste & puree in local market is given in
the following table:
Table 4.2: -Retail Market Price of Tomato Paste/Puree
Name Concentrate Qty. Retail Price (Rs.)
Mitchell’s Tomato Paste 300 gm 32
National Tomato Paste 300 gm 33
Knorr Tomato Paste 285 gm 35
Shezan Tomato Paste 305 gm 30
Tomato Paste retail market is dominated by foreign brands followed by Mitchell’s.
According to rough estimates, approximately 70% of the market share are with the
foreign brands and remaining 30% is with the local players.
It is pertinent to mention here that fruits pulp is not marketed at retail level and used
only as an intermediary product.
There is great opportunity for import substitution of tomato paste through local
production & marketing of good quality products.

4.5 Growth, Trends and Target Customers

An annual growth of 5 to 10% is expected in the light of discussions and survey
conducted. The target market of tomato paste/puree and fruit pulp is as follows:
1. Food processors: Vegetable and fruit processors all over the world are now
preferring to purchase quality paste from the open market instead of self
production, resultantly diversifying themselves to add more products into their
product line.
2. Hotels and Restaurants
3. Export market in Middle East, Malaysia and European Countries.
4. Working women
5. Households run by working women.
On the basis of interviews with some of the representatives of the processors & hotels,
following processors are the potential buyers of tomato paste/puree and fruit pulp as
raw material for their intermediary products:
§ Ahmed Foods
§ Shangrila Foods
§ Mitchell’s Fruit
§ Rafhan Best Foods
§ Shezan International
§ Nestle Milk Pak
§ S. A. Rehman
§ National Foods
§ Tops Fruit
§ Salman Food
§ Hotels & Fast Food Restaurants like PC & Avari
§ KFC, Pizza Hut, McDonald, Salt & Pepper, etc.

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4.6 Imports
Table 4.3: - Import of Tomato Paste6
Commodity/Country 2001-2002 2000-2001
Qty.(Kg.) Value Qty.(Kg.) Value
(Rs in 000) (Rs in 000)
Tomato Paste
China 260,512 8,717 145,165 4,369
Belgium - - 252 123
Iran 282,287 3,631 173,760 2,258
Turkey 74,570 3,757 87,301 3,622
Total 617,369 16,105 406,478 10,373

4.7 Demand & Supply Gap

Specific data for paste and pulp production and its demand in local market is not
available. However, the present production capacity of Tomato, Canned Vegetables &
Food Products is approximately 100,000 Tons per annum as reported by EPB.
The existing processors foresee no change in supply. The products of the proposed
project will have no difficulty in penetrating in the market, because of the increased
demand due to the following reasons:
1. Increasing portion of working women.
2. Changed recipes for cooking by the housewives.
3. Preference by the processors to buy intermediary products instead of in-house
manufacturing.
4. Expansion of fast food industry in the country.
5 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
5.1 Raw Material Requirements
The raw materials required for a vegetable and fruit processing unit is:
§ Fresh Tomatoes, Mangoes, Guava, Strawberry, Apricot, Apple, Banana, Plums
etc.
§ Preservative including Citric Acid, Potassium Metabisulphate or Sodium
Benzoate.

5.2 Packaging Requirements

Packing requirements for the end consumers are:
§ Retail Customers: Tin Packs, Pouch Packs and Glass Bottles
§ Processors: Large Plastic Containers
§ Hotel Industry: Large Tin Packs, Plastic Drums
§ Exports: Aseptic pack for foreign processors/bulk consumers
In the initial stage the unit will start with bulk supply to processors/ hotel industry and
would gradually move into retail sales. Export markets would be explored in final
stage.
6
Source: Foreign Trade Statistics of Pakistan 2001-2002
9

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5.3 Availability of Raw Material

Small-scale farmers and wholesale market commission agents in vegetable and fruit
markets are the major suppliers of raw material in the local processing industry.
Tomato and various fruits (the primary raw materials), salt, preservatives etc.
(secondary raw materials) are available locally. Metal containers, pouches and glass
bottles (Packing material) are also available locally.
Aseptic packs are normally imported and cost very high. Aseptic packing is used for
obtaining long shelf life for products without preservatives. Further, for this pack
filling, imported packing machinery would be required which will cost around Rs. 20-
25 Million. However, the said packing machinery and material cost has not been
projected in this report and this type of facility has not been incorporated for the time
being since it is assessed that the plant will not go into exports until it establishes
itself in the local market.

5.4 Availability Period of Tomatoes and other Fruits in Pakistan

The data regarding availability period of tomatoes & certain selected fruits in
Pakistan, is given in the following table:
Table 5.1: -Bar diagram showing periods of availability of Tomatoes & Fruits7
Description Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Tomato
Guava
Strawberry
Mango
Apricot
Apple
Banana
Peach
Plum
Pear

5.5 Production of Tomatoes and Fruits

Data on production of tomatoes and various other fruits during 2001-02 is as under:
Table 5.2: - Production of Tomatoes & Fruits8 (000’ tons)
Item Punjab Sind NWFP Balochistan Pakistan Increase
(Decrease)
over last year
%
Tomato 62.2 32.8 146.2 52.9 294.1 9
Mango 650.3 371.5 2.5 12.8 1037.1 5
Banana 15.8 113.5 12.3 8.1 149.7 7
Apple 2.5 0.2 117.4 247.0 367.1 -0.2
Apricot 0.5 -- 20.8 103.4 124.7 -10

7
Source: Market information
8
Source: Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan 2001-2002
10

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5.6 Raw Material Prices

Raw material prices at farm and vegetable & fruit commission agents during peak
season have been collected from the processors through personal interview and data is
narrated as follows:
Table 5.3: - Raw material prices9
Items Purchase Price (Rs/Kg)
Tomato 8
Guava 8
Strawberry 45
Mango 18
Apricot 50
Apple 18
Banana 12
Peach 30
Plums 20
Pear 10

5.7 Products Production Capacity

Table 5.4: - Products and estimated production
Items Estimated Production
of Puree/Paste/Fruit Pulp at 100% Capacity
Tons %
Tomato Puree/Paste 778 100
Fruits Pulp
Guava Pulp 25 1.30
Strawberry Pulp 50 2.60
Mango Pulp 1100 57.30
Apricot Pulp 25 1.30
Apple Pulp 625 32.55
Banana Pulp 25 1.30
Peach Pulp 25 1.30
Plums Pulp 25 1.30
Pear Pulp 20 1.05

9
Source: Economics & Marketing Department, Government of Pakistan
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5.8 Expected Sale Price

Table 5.5: - Expected sales price of the end products10
Items Sale Price
of Product Per Kg.(Rs.)
Tomato Puree 20-25
Tomato Paste 40-55
Guava Pulp 20-28
Strawberry Pulp 50-60
Mango Pulp 30-40
Apricot Pulp 60-65
Apple Pulp 22-30
Banana Pulp 45-65
Peach Pulp 45-55
Plums Pulp 32-45
Pear Pulp 32-45

5.9 Expected Yield from Raw Material

Yield specifies the percentage of output (Finished Product) as compared to the input
(Raw Material). Yield is mainly dependent on the following factors:
1. Strict quality control on raw material and production processes.
2. Type of plant
3. Processing methodology
Following table shows the expected yield from different fruits and vegetables.
Table 5.6: - Expected Yield from Raw Material11
Items Recovery (Percentage)
Tomato Puree/Paste 27
Guava Pulp 88
Strawberry Pulp 85
Mango Pulp 55
Apricot Pulp 60
Apple Pulp 65
Banana Pulp 64
Peach Pulp 70
Plums Pulp 59
Pear Pulp 64

10
Source: Market survey
11
Source: Technical Survey
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5.10 Waste Management

The project has no environmental hazards and waste management shall be as under:
§ Waste water to be drained out by its connection with the main drain.
§ Waste material like stone/skin can be sold as scrap.
6 HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Number of Officers and Staff Required
Table 6.1: Number of Staff & Officers required
Description No. Gross Monthly Gross Yearly
Salary per person Salary per
(Rs.) person (Rs.)
Chief Executive 1 30,000 360,000
Production Manager 1 25,000 300,000
Quality control Incharge 1 15,000 180,000
Deputy Production Manager 1 11,000 132,000
Shift Incharge 1 8,000 96,000
Production Supervisor 1 5,000 60,000
Laboratory Assistant 1 4,000 48,000
Process Incharge 1 8,000 96,000
Boiler Engineer 1 14,500 174,000
Electrical Engineer 1 14,500 174,000
Mechanical Supervisor 1 10,000 120,000
Manager Finance & Admin. 1 25,000 300,000
Accounts Officer 1 12,000 144,000
Administration Officer 1 12,000 144,000
Accountant 1 8,000 96,000
Accounts Assistant 1 6,500 78,000
Computer Operator 1 8,000 96,000
Manager Marketing 1 25,000 300,000
Assistant Manager Marketing 1 15,000 180,000
Marketing Executives 4 32,500 390,000
Marketing Assistant 1 7,000 84,000
Semi Skilled/Unskilled Labor 15 45,000 450,000
(10 Months)
Total 39 341,000 4,002,000

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6.2 Working Time

Table 6.2: - Working Time Estimates
Description Time
Working days per month: 24
Tomato Paste/Puree Manufacturing 16 hours in 2 shifts12 for 90 days
Fruits Pulp/Paste Manufacturing 8 hours in 1 shift for 200 days
Working hours per month:
Tomato Paste/Puree Manufacturing 24 days (384 hours)
Fruits Pulp/Paste Manufacturing 24 days (192 hours)
Working Days per annum:
Tomato Paste/Puree Manufacturing 90 days (1,440 hours)
Fruits Pulp/Paste Manufacturing 200 days (1,600 hours)
7 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
7.1 Available Options of Machinery & Equipment
7.1.1 Local Machinery Fabricators
Both Local and imported plants can be selected for the project. Local fabricators use
local and imported material and parts (available locally), they compete well with the
imported plant in quality and results in lower price and saving of valuable foreign
exchange. Some of the local fabricators are listed below:
For Vegetable and Fruit Processing
i. Installation & Fabrication Engineers (Private) Limited
21/22 K. M. Ferozepur Road, Lahore
ii. Unique Engineering works (Private) Limited,
233-S, Industrial Estate, Township, Lahore
iii. Central Engineering Services (Private) Limited,
119-S Industrial Estate, Township, Lahore
iv. Two Star
Industrial Estate, Township, Lahore
For Refrigeration Machinery
i. Pakistan Air-conditioning Engineering Co. (Private) Limited
Gardee Trust Building, Napier Road, Lahore
ii. Kold Kraft,
Industrial Estate, 247-S Kot Lakhpat, Lahore
7.1.2 Imported Machinery Suppliers
Imported Plant of Italian and Chinese origin is available comprising of main sections
of the plant only, which is to be supplemented with certain local components. Offices
of suppliers of foreign plants for paste and fruits pulp production machinery are
located at:

12
Due to flooded supply of Tomato in peak season, the operations would be off two shifts of 8 hours each
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i. Burtuzi, Lahore Cantt

ii. Tetra Pak, Upper Mall, Lahore
Local Machinery along with foreign components is recommended for good quality,
better efficiency and lower cost.

7.2 Selected Plant and Process Flow

The selected processing plant is capable of processing tomatoes & fruits to produce
paste & pulp. The plant comprises of imported components (available locally) and
some locally manufactured equipment & parts. The fruits that would be processed are
mangoes, guava, peach, banana, apple, apricot, etc.
The nomenclature of plant and production system is explained below:
7.2.1 Sorting Belt Conveyor
This is a rubber conveyor belt with stainless steel structure. Belt is made from food
grade rubber. As vegetable and fruits require frequent washings, motor and gearbox
are also covered by stainless steel sheet. It is a 2 ft. wide and 15 ft. long conveyor
with 2 HP electric motor. Tomato and fruits are dumped manually at one end of the
belt. The sorting is done manually by workers standing along side the belt.
7.2.2 Washing Tub with Re-circulation Pump
This is a stainless steel tub with conical bottom having high pressure water nozzles,
which are fed by a water re-circulation pump. A float valve maintains the water level
in the tank. Tank is 4x8 ft fitted with 3 HP stainless steel re-circulation pump.
7.2.3 Elevator
This is for lifting of fruit from washing tank to the scrubber. It is made of stainless
steel and is 10 feet long.
7.2.4 Scrubber
It consists of stainless steel tank with Nylon brushes to scrub/wash hard skin fruits
such as mangoes or apples. Tank is 4x6 ft with water spray arrangements. Scrubber is
not required for soft skin vegetable/fruits, i.e. tomatoes or peaches etc.
7.2.5 Bypass Conveyor - 10 Feet Long
As soft skin fruit is not passed through the scrubber, so a by-pass conveyor system is
installed to avoid its passing through the scrubber. By-pass consists of two chutes and
a rubber belt conveyor.
7.2.6 Main Elevator
To minimize pumping, machines are placed one above the other and gravity flow is
used. Main elevator lifts vegetables/fruits to 20 ft above ground. It is 2 ft wide and 30
ft long steel flight conveyor with all parts of stainless steel.
7.2.7 Feeding Conveyors
Fruit at the top can be channeled into two paths. Soft fruit without pit is sent to
chopper. Fruits with stone, such as mangoes or apricots etc. are sent to pulpers. A set
of two conveyors is installed with proper chutes to direct the fruit to the relevant
machine.

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7.2.8 Chopper
Vegetable/fruits without stone, such as tomatoes and apples are passed through a
crusher, instead of a pulper. This is a high-speed machine, which cuts vegetable/fruits
into small pieces.
7.2.9 Thermo Break
It is a screw conveyor with steam jacket to heat the material. Here the fruit is heated
to 90ºC before making pulp.
7.2.10 Pulpers
The pulper consists of a heavy-duty metallic cylinder in a horizontal axis with
perforations. A screen of mesh is wrapped around the cylinder. Number of brushes
rotate inside the cylinder and pulp is passed through the screen. The seed and skin do
not pass through the screen and is rejected at the end. A limited quantity of water is
also used to wash the pit and skin. Two pulpers are proposed to process up to 2,000
Kg of mangoes per hour.
7.2.11 Refiner
It is similar in nature to pulper but has a much finer screen to remove seed and skin
etc.
7.2.12 Waste Conveyor
A screw conveyor of stainless steel is used to convey the waste from refiner to waste
cart.
7.2.13 Balance Tank
The pulp from the refiner is stored for a short duration before it is pumped to the
evaporator. A 1,000-litre tank with an agitator is used for this purpose.
7.2.14 Monix Pump
A variable flow positive displacement pump with progressive cavity is used to feed
the raw pulp to the evaporator. These pumps are imported and are available locally.
7.2.15 Concentrator
The boiling of the pulp takes place at 40ºC under high vacuum. The heating surface of
the evaporator is wiped with an agitator blade so that the pulp does not stick to the
sides. In this system, a very good quality concentrated pulp of tomato or other fruits is
obtained. All parts coming in contact with vegetable/fruits are stainless steel of food
grade finish.
7.2.16 Packaging & Storage
The pulp is stored in bulk in 200 liters drums with polyethylene lining as the pulp is
stored for long time before it is reused and thus requires adoption of proper
preservation method.
Chemical preservatives are added to prevent the growth of microorganism during
storage. Though it is an economical method of storage, the quality of the pulp stored
by chemicals is not as good as the quality of frozen pulp. It is better to freeze the pulp
and store around minus 20ºC. In order to store the product for future sale,
refrigeration machinery and chilling room building has been included in the project
cost.
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7.2.17 Other Items

Other items of plant and machinery are as under:
1. Chemical mixing agitated tanks (volume 2,000 litters)
2. Electrical motors, control cables and cables trays
3. Steel structure, stairs, walkways etc
4. Boiler 2,000 Kg/hr at 150 PSIG with water treatment plant. A second hand boiler
can also be used.
Standby power generator of 150 KVA (used generator has been recommended).
Table 7-1 Machinery Cost Details
Description Total Cost (Rs.)
Plant and Machinery (Local) 19,600,000
Refrigeration machinery (imported)13 4,000,000
Tools & Equipment 300,000
Laboratory Equipment 600,000
Total 24,500,000
8 LAND AND BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
8.1 Total Land Requirement & Building Covered Area
Table 8.1: Land & Building Covered Area
Description Cost (per Sq. Area Total
Ft) Cost
Building
Factory Building 400 8,000 Sq. ft. 3,200,000
Office Building 700 600 Sq. ft. 300,000
Stores/Godown/Refrigeration Room 500 9,000 Sq. ft. 4,500,000
(Cold Storage)
Total Construction Cost 17,600 Sq. ft. 8,120,000
Land Cost 12 Kanals 1,500,000
Total Land and Construction Cost 9,620,000
Covered area will be around 4 kanals and 8 kanals is left open for parking of carriers,
storage of waste material and future expansion.

8.2 Suitable Location for the Project

On the basis of availability of fresh fruits and tomatoes and close proximity to the
market, the project can be set up in any of the following areas of the country:

13
also available locally
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Table 8.2: - Province and location of project

Province Location
Punjab Central Punjab
Sind Hyderabad Division
NWFP Malakand Division & Dargai
Balochistan Loralai Division
However, on the basis of low price of fresh tomato in Punjab during May crop, the
more lucrative place is central Punjab from Bhai Pharu to Sahiwal belt.
The other considerable factors while selecting the location of the project are:
1. Availability of other fruits also in abundance and also at acceptable price in the
area.
2. Presence of soft water,
3. Availability of skilled labor.
4. Location of main processors to whom the products are to be sold.
5. Presence of hotel and fast food industry.
6. Availability of retail market.
7. Easy access to roads.
8. Availability of utilities required for the project.

8.3 Utilities Required

§ Electricity
§ Gas or Furnace Oil or Coal
§ Water
§ Telephone
§ Fax

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9 PROJECT ECONOMICS
Table 9.1: - Project Cost
Description Total Cost
Land 1,500,000
Building and Civil Works 8,120,000
Plant and Machinery 24,500,000
Furniture/ Fixture & Equipment 800,000
Pre-operational Expenses14 500,000
Vehicles 2,600,000
Total Fixed Cost 38,020,000
Working Capital 1,463,804
Total 39,483,804
Table 9.2: Financing Plan
Financing Ratio Rs
Equity 50% 19,741,902
Debt 50% 19,741,902
Table 9.3: Project Returns
Project
IRR 61.46%
NPV (Rs) 50,103,487
Payback Period (Years) 2.78
10 STRATEGIC FACTORS
10.1 Key Success Factors
§ Effective quality control in operations
§ Competitive price of end products
§ Abundant supply of raw material
§ Cost efficiency through better management
§ Media campaign for the awareness of the retail customers
§ Availability of low cost skilled labor

10.2 Threats
§ Crop failure
§ Influence of major local and foreign brands operating in the market
§ Change in the Government regulations
§ Shrinkage of retail customer market over a period of time
§ Fruit and vegetable growers are usually unable to get right prices for their good
quality fruits/vegetables. The year of good harvest gives them more loss because
of low prices in the local market.

14
Includes salaries, utilities, trial run expenses & refrigeration charges.

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11 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
11.1 Projected Income Statement
PROJE CTED INCO M E ST ATEM E NT Value in Rs.
Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Y ear-7 Year-8 Year-9 Year-10
Sales 56,067,942 68,898,478 77,791,624 86,803,972 96,434,126 101,703,410 106,734,898 111,957,588 117,433,017 123,180,921

CO ST OF GOO DS SO LD
R aw M aterial 14,148,960 17,777,600 20,224,985 22,627,214 25,177,612 26,629,476 27,992,775 29,397,830 30,868,657 32,412,253
Payroll (Production Staff) 1,380,000 1,518,000 1,669,800 1,836,780 2,020,458 2,222,504 2,444,754 2,689,230 2,958,153 3,253,968
M achine M aintenance 326,200 358,820 394,702 434,172 477,589 525,348 577,883 635,672 699,239 769,163
Direct Electricity 1,470,000 1,732,500 2,032,800 2,375,835 2,767,149 3,043,864 3,348,250 3,683,075 4,051,383 4,456,521
Fuel Cost 500,000 550,000 605,000 665,500 732,050 805,255 885,781 974,359 1,071,794 1,178,974
C hem ical & Packing Cost 5,621,280 6,713,960 7,569,109 8,453,336 9,401,587 9,910,235 10,410,550 10,931,764 11,478,461 12,052,402
T otal 23,446,440 28,650,881 32,496,396 36,392,837 40,576,446 43,136,682 45,659,993 48,311,929 51,127,686 54,123,280

Gross Profit 32,621,502 40,247,597 45,295,228 50,411,134 55,857,680 58,566,729 61,074,905 63,645,659 66,305,331 69,057,642
O PERATING E XPE NSE
Payroll (Adm in) 858,000 943,800 1,038,180 1,141,998 1,256,198 1,381,818 1,519,999 1,671,999 1,839,199 2,023,119
Payroll (M arketing and Sale) 864,000 950,400 1,045,440 1,149,984 1,264,982 1,391,481 1,530,629 1,683,692 1,852,061 2,037,267
Fixed electricity 300,000 330,000 363,000 399,300 439,230 483,153 531,468 584,615 643,077 707,384
Insurance Expense 375,200 343,240 311,280 279,320 247,360 215,400 183,440 151,480 119,520 87,560
Adm inistrative & Factory Overheads 560,679 688,985 777,916 868,040 964,341 1,017,034 1,067,349 1,119,576 1,174,330 1,231,809
Am ortization (Pre-operational Expenses) 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
Depreciation 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000
T otal 6,203,879 6,502,425 6,781,816 7,084,642 7,418,111 7,734,885 8,078,885 8,457,362 8,874,187 9,333,139
O perating Profit 26,417,623 33,745,173 38,513,412 43,326,493 48,439,568 50,831,843 52,996,020 55,188,297 57,431,144 59,724,502
NO N-O PERATING EXPENSE
Financial Charges on Long-term Loan 2,193,372 1,848,114 1,461,425 1,028,333 543,270 0 0 0 0 0
Financial Charges on Running Finance 175,656 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T otal 2,369,028 1,848,114 1,461,425 1,028,333 543,270 0 0 0 0 0
PRO FIT BEFO RE T AX 24,048,594 31,897,059 37,051,987 42,298,160 47,896,298 50,831,843 52,996,020 55,188,297 57,431,144 59,724,502
Tax 8,292,008 11,038,971 12,843,196 14,679,356 16,638,704 17,666,145 18,423,607 19,190,904 19,975,900 20,778,576
PRO FIT AFTER TAX 15,756,586 20,858,088 24,208,792 27,618,804 31,257,594 33,165,698 34,572,413 35,997,393 37,455,244 38,945,926
R etained Earnings beginning of year 0 15,756,586 36,614,675 60,823,466 88,442,270 119,699,864 152,865,562 187,437,975 223,435,368 260,890,612
R etained Earnings end of year 15,756,586 36,614,675 60,823,466 88,442,270 119,699,864 152,865,562 187,437,975 223,435,368 260,890,612 299,836,538

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11.2 Projected Cash flow Statement

PROJECTED CASH FLOW STATEMENT Value in Rs.

Const Year Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8 Year-9 Year-10

Operating activities
Net profit 15,756,586 20,858,088 24,208,792 27,618,804 31,257,594 33,165,698 34,572,413 35,997,393 37,455,244 38,945,926
Amortization (Pre-operational Expenses) 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
Depreciation 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000 3,196,000
Accounts receivable (5,800,132) (1,327,297) (919,981) (932,312) (996,223) (545,098) (520,499) (540,278) (566,424) (594,611)
Equipment Spare Parts Inventory (27,183) (2,718) (2,990) (3,289) (3,618) (3,980) (4,378) (4,816) (5,297) (5,827) 64,097
Up-Front Insurance payment (375,200) 31,960 31,960 31,960 31,960 31,960 31,960 31,960 31,960 31,960 31,960
Stocks-RM (646,800) (164,126) (109,945) (108,953) (115,969) (65,764) (61,840) (63,873) (66,898) (70,214) 1,474,381
Finished Goods Inventory (5,585,039) (1,352,011) (924,669) (926,624) (988,626) (554,584) (525,689) (544,268) (570,307) (598,630)
Accounts payable 846,713 200,668 140,246 139,076 145,025 88,972 85,564 89,055 93,920 15,565
Cash provided by operations (1,049,183) 8,329,244 21,544,473 25,670,107 29,057,316 32,625,986 35,366,730 36,821,060 38,207,666 39,614,352 42,584,689

Financing activities
Long term debt principal repayment (2,877,151) (3,222,409) (3,609,098) (4,042,189) (4,527,252) 0 0 0 0 0
Addition to long term debt 18,278,098
Running Finance Repayment (1,463,804) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Issuance of share 19,741,902
Cash provided by/ (used for) financing activitie 38,020,000 (4,340,955) (3,222,409) (3,609,098) (4,042,189) (4,527,252) 0 0 0 0 0

Total 36,970,817 3,988,290 18,322,065 22,061,009 25,015,127 28,098,734 35,366,730 36,821,060 38,207,666 39,614,352 42,584,689

Investing activities
Capital expenditure (38,020,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash (used for)/ provided by investing activitie (38,020,000) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Cash (1,049,183) 3,988,290 18,322,065 22,061,009 25,015,127 28,098,734 35,366,730 36,821,060 38,207,666 39,614,352 42,584,689
Cash balance brought forward 0 414,621 4,402,910 22,724,975 44,785,984 69,801,111 97,899,845 133,266,575 170,087,635 208,295,302 247,909,654
Cash Balance (1,049,183) 4,402,910 22,724,975 44,785,984 69,801,111 97,899,845 133,266,575 170,087,635 208,295,302 247,909,654 290,494,343
Running Finance 1,463,804 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash carried forward 414,621 4,402,910 22,724,975 44,785,984 69,801,111 97,899,845 133,266,575 170,087,635 208,295,302 247,909,654 290,494,343

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11.3 Projected Balance Sheet

PR O JE C TED BA L A N C E SH EET V a lu e in R s.

C o n st Y ear Y ea r-1 Y ea r-2 Y ear-3 Y ea r-4 Y ear-5 Y ea r-6 Y ea r-7 Y ear-8 Y ea r-9 Y ea r-1 0

C u rren t A ssets
C ash 4 14 ,6 21 4 ,4 0 2,9 1 0 2 2 ,7 2 4 ,9 7 5 4 4 ,7 8 5 ,9 8 4 6 9 ,8 0 1 ,1 1 1 9 7,8 9 9,8 4 5 13 3 ,26 6 ,57 5 1 7 0 ,0 8 7 ,6 3 5 2 0 8 ,2 9 5 ,3 0 2 2 4 7,9 0 9,6 54 2 90 ,4 94 ,3 43
E q u ip m ent S p are P arts In v en to ry 27 ,1 83 2 9,9 0 2 3 2 ,8 9 2 3 6 ,1 8 1 3 9 ,7 9 9 4 3,7 79 4 8 ,15 7 5 2 ,9 7 3 5 8 ,2 7 0 6 4,0 9 7 0
U p-F ron t In su ran ce paym en t 3 75 ,2 00 3 4 3 ,2 4 0 3 1 1 ,2 8 0 2 7 9 ,3 2 0 2 4 7 ,3 6 0 2 1 5,4 0 0 18 3 ,44 0 1 5 1 ,4 8 0 1 1 9 ,5 2 0 8 7,5 6 0 55 ,6 00
S to ck s an d In v en to ry 6 46 ,8 00 8 1 0 ,9 2 6 9 2 0 ,8 7 0 1 ,0 2 9 ,8 2 3 1 ,1 4 5 ,7 9 2 1,2 1 1,5 56 1 ,27 3 ,39 6 1 ,3 3 7 ,2 6 9 1 ,4 0 4 ,1 6 7 1,4 7 4,3 8 1 0
R eceiv ab le 0 5 ,8 0 0,1 3 2 7 ,1 2 7 ,4 2 9 8 ,0 4 7 ,4 0 9 8 ,9 7 9 ,7 2 1 9,9 7 5,9 44 1 0 ,52 1 ,0 4 2 1 1 ,0 4 1 ,5 4 1 1 1 ,5 8 1 ,8 1 9 1 2,1 4 8,2 4 3 12 ,7 42 ,8 54
F in ish ed G oo d s In v en to ry 0 5 ,5 8 5,0 3 9 6 ,9 3 7 ,0 5 0 7 ,8 6 1 ,7 1 9 8 ,7 8 8 ,3 4 3 9,7 7 6,9 69 1 0 ,33 1 ,5 5 3 1 0 ,8 5 7 ,2 4 3 1 1 ,4 0 1 ,5 1 1 1 1,9 7 1,8 1 8 12 ,5 70 ,4 48
T o ta l 1 ,4 63 ,8 04 1 6 ,9 7 2 ,1 4 9 3 8 ,0 5 4 ,4 9 6 6 2 ,0 4 0 ,4 3 7 8 9 ,0 0 2 ,1 2 7 1 1 9,1 2 3,4 94 15 5 ,62 4 ,16 4 1 9 3 ,5 2 8 ,1 4 1 2 3 2 ,8 6 0 ,5 8 9 2 7 3,6 5 5,7 53 3 15 ,8 63 ,2 45

F ix ed A ssets 37 ,5 20 ,0 00 3 7 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 3 7 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 3 7 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 3 7 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 3 7,5 2 0,0 0 0 3 7 ,52 0 ,0 0 0 3 7 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 3 7 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 3 7,5 2 0,0 0 0 37 ,5 20 ,0 00

L ess: A ccu m u lated d epreciatio n 0 3 ,1 9 6,0 0 0 6 ,3 9 2 ,0 0 0 9 ,5 8 8 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,7 8 4 ,0 0 0 1 5,9 8 0,0 0 0 1 9 ,17 6 ,0 0 0 2 2 ,3 7 2 ,0 0 0 2 5 ,5 6 8 ,0 0 0 2 8,7 6 4,0 0 0 31 ,9 60 ,0 00
N et F ixed A ssets 37 ,5 20 ,0 00 3 4 ,3 2 4 ,0 0 0 3 1 ,1 2 8 ,0 0 0 2 7 ,9 3 2 ,0 0 0 2 4 ,7 3 6 ,0 0 0 2 1,5 4 0,0 0 0 1 8 ,34 4 ,0 0 0 1 5 ,1 4 8 ,0 0 0 1 1 ,9 5 2 ,0 0 0 8,7 5 6,0 0 0 5 ,5 60 ,0 00

In ta n g ib le A ssets
P re-o p eratio n al E x p en ses 5 00 ,0 00 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 0,0 0 0 20 0 ,00 0 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 0,0 0 0 0
T o ta l 5 00 ,0 00 4 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 0,0 0 0 20 0 ,00 0 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 0,0 0 0 0

T o ta l A ssets 39 ,4 83 ,8 04 5 1 ,7 4 6 ,1 4 9 6 9 ,5 8 2 ,4 9 6 9 0 ,3 2 2 ,4 3 7 1 1 4 ,0 3 8 ,1 2 7 1 4 0,9 1 3,4 94 17 4 ,16 8 ,16 4 2 0 8 ,8 2 6 ,1 4 1 2 4 4 ,9 1 2 ,5 8 9 2 8 2,4 6 1,7 53 3 21 ,4 23 ,2 45

C u rren t L ia b ilities
R u n nin g F inan ce 1 ,4 63 ,8 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A cco u n ts p ayab le 8 4 6 ,7 1 3 1 ,0 4 7 ,3 8 1 1 ,1 8 7 ,6 2 7 1 ,3 2 6 ,7 0 3 1,4 7 1,7 28 1 ,56 0 ,70 0 1 ,6 4 6 ,2 6 4 1 ,7 3 5 ,3 1 9 1,8 2 9,2 3 9 1 ,8 44 ,8 05

T o ta l 1 ,4 63 ,8 04 8 4 6 ,7 1 3 1 ,0 4 7 ,3 8 1 1 ,1 8 7 ,6 2 7 1 ,3 2 6 ,7 0 3 1,4 7 1,7 28 1 ,56 0 ,70 0 1 ,6 4 6 ,2 6 4 1 ,7 3 5 ,3 1 9 1,8 2 9,2 3 9 1 ,8 44 ,8 05

L o n g -term lia b ilities

Lo n g-term L o an 18 ,2 78 ,0 98 1 5 ,4 0 0 ,9 4 7 1 2 ,1 7 8 ,5 3 9 8 ,5 6 9 ,4 4 1 4 ,5 2 7 ,2 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
T o ta l 18 ,2 78 ,0 98 1 5 ,4 0 0 ,9 4 7 1 2 ,1 7 8 ,5 3 9 8 ,5 6 9 ,4 4 1 4 ,5 2 7 ,2 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

E q u ity
P aid -u p C ap ital 19 ,7 41 ,9 02 1 9 ,7 4 1 ,9 0 2 1 9 ,7 4 1 ,9 0 2 1 9 ,7 4 1 ,9 0 2 1 9 ,7 4 1 ,9 0 2 1 9,7 4 1,9 0 2 1 9 ,74 1 ,9 0 2 1 9 ,7 4 1 ,9 0 2 1 9 ,7 4 1 ,9 0 2 1 9,7 4 1,9 0 2 19 ,7 41 ,9 02
R etain ed E arn in gs 0 1 5 ,7 5 6 ,5 8 6 3 6 ,6 1 4 ,6 7 5 6 0 ,8 2 3 ,4 6 6 8 8 ,4 4 2 ,2 7 0 1 1 9,6 9 9,8 64 15 2 ,86 5 ,56 2 1 8 7 ,4 3 7 ,9 7 5 2 2 3 ,4 3 5 ,3 6 8 2 6 0,8 9 0,6 12 2 99 ,8 36 ,5 38
T o ta l 19 ,7 41 ,9 02 3 5 ,4 9 8 ,4 8 8 5 6 ,3 5 6 ,5 7 7 8 0 ,5 6 5 ,3 6 8 1 0 8 ,1 8 4 ,1 7 2 1 3 9,4 4 1,7 66 17 2 ,60 7 ,46 4 2 0 7 ,1 7 9 ,8 7 7 2 4 3 ,1 7 7 ,2 7 0 2 8 0,6 3 2,5 14 3 19 ,5 78 ,4 40

T o ta l L ia b ilities A n d E q u ity 39 ,4 83 ,8 04 5 1 ,7 4 6 ,1 4 9 6 9 ,5 8 2 ,4 9 6 9 0 ,3 2 2 ,4 3 7 1 1 4 ,0 3 8 ,1 2 7 1 4 0,9 1 3,4 94 17 4 ,16 8 ,16 4 2 0 8 ,8 2 6 ,1 4 1 2 4 4 ,9 1 2 ,5 8 9 2 8 2,4 6 1,7 53 3 21 ,4 23 ,2 45

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12 KEY ASSUMPTIONS
Table 11.1: - Machinery Assumptions
Plant and machinery15 Local fabricated plant
Maximum Capacity Utilization 90%
Capacity utilization (First year) 70%
Crushing Capacity per hour Tomato 2,000 Kg
Fruits 2,000 Kg
Average Recovery of Puree/Paste/Pulp Tomato 27%
(% of total raw material) Fruits 60%
Annual Production Capacity (Year 1) Tomato Paste/puree 544,000 Kg
Fruits Pulp 1,344,000 Kg
Table 11.2: -Operating Assumptions
Hours operational per day Tomato Paste/Puree 16 hours
Fruits Pulp 8 hours
Days operational per annum Tomato Paste/Puree 90 days
Fruits Pulp 200 days
Table 11.3: -Economy related Assumptions
Electricity Growth Rate 10%
Wage Growth Rate 10%
Table 11.4: -Cash Flow Assumptions
Accounts Receivable cycle 30 days
Accounts Payable cycle 15 days
Raw Material Inventory 3 days
Finished Goods Inventory 15 days
Equipment and Spare Parts Inventory 30 days
Table 11.5: - Revenue Assumptions
Tomato Extract Puree 55%
Paste 45%
Sale Price Per Kg Rs.
Tomato Puree Bulk 28
Retail 22.5
Tomato Paste Bulk 37
Retail 47.5
Fruit Pulp 33
Sale Price Growth Rate 5%
Domestic Sales 100%

15
Capable for tomato paste/puree and fruits pulp production
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Table 11.6: -Expense Assumptions

Purchase Price Per Kg (Tomato) Rs. 6
Average Purchase Price per Kg (Various Fruits) Rs.10
Purchase Price Growth Rate 5%
Maintenance Expense (% of plant and Machinery and Building) 1%
Machine Maintenance Growth Rate 10%
Fuel Cost per year Rs. 500,000
Fixed Electricity (per month) Rs. 25,000
Direct Electricity (per month) Rs. 175,000
Packing Cost (per kg.) Rs. 2
Chemical Cost (per kg.) Rs. 1
Insurance Rate (% of Plant & Building) 1%
Table 11.7: -Financial Assumptions
Project Life (years) 10
Debt Ratio 50%
Equity Ratio 50%
Interest Rate on Long Term Loan 12%
Interest Rate on Short Term Loan 12%
Debt Tenure (Years) 5
Discount Rate 25%

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