Oracle English Literature Sharif Sir
Oracle English Literature Sharif Sir
A Handbook
on
English Literature
[Including a short history of English literature, famous authors,
works and quotations]
Compiled by:
Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
BA (Hons), MA in English, MM
MBA in Mgt Studies (DU)
Senior Teacher, Faculty of English, BCS Confidence
Formerly Lecturer in English, Edinburgh Intl College, Dhaka
Follow me: sharif_bmc@yahoo.com; 01728395949 (sms)
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A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 3
Dedicated to
My daughter
Rusafa Chowdhury
(Words are not enough to express the unconditional love that exists
between Rusafa and me)
4 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Preface (cwdm&)
All praise belongs to almighty Allah, who allows me finalizing this
book and peace be upon the last Prophet. A Handbook on English Literature
is designed to serve as a handbook to the candidates of BCS Preliminary
exam in their study of English literature. It is expected that this book will
help them secure good marks in their examination. Actually this book has
been published not because there is a scarcity of such notes on English
literature but because always we have opportunity to join with our existing
publications.
I have spared no pains in making this work quite comprehensive.
For overall betterment of the book, I have consulted a considerable number
of reference books specially William J. Longs English Literature, M. H.
Abrams A Glossary of Literary Terms, some renowned websites
including Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, Microsoft Encarta 2009 and
several critical notes of Dr. S. Sen, Ramji Lall, Scott A. Boulding, Dr. M.
Mofizar Rahman, Kabir Chowdhury and so on.
I express a deep sense of gratitude to my honourable teacher Mr.
Abdul Latif for his unabashed inspiration at every sphere of my life. I am in
fact thankful to my colleagues Mr. Rahat Hossain Khan and Mr. Mahbub
Shakil. Thanks also deserve Mr. Belal Ahmed Raju, respectable MD of BCS
Confidence for taking the responsibility of publishing the book.
No man is above error. Therefore, in spite of very careful effort,
there may be inadvertent mistake of any kind for hasty writing or lack of
my knowledge. I beg pardon for all those. Suggestions from both the
students and teachers are cordially expected for its further improvement.
Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Dhaka, March 7, 2016
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 5
3. The Renaissance 21
a) The Elizabethan Period: 24
1. Thomas Norton & Thomas Sackville 2. Christopher Marlowe 3.
Edmund Spenser 4. Nicholas Udall 5. Sir Thomas Wyatt 6. Sir Philip
Sidney 7. John Webster 8. Richard Hooker 9. George Chapman 10.
Ben Jonson 11. Thomas Kyd 12. Thomas Moore 13. Thomas Dekker
14. Arthur Golding 15. Nicholo Machiavelli 16. Cyril Tourneur 17.
Migunl de Cervantes 18. Francis Bacon 19. Galileo (MvwjwjI) 20.
William Shakespeare
b) The Jacobean Period: 44
1. John Donne (Rb Wvb) 2. Andrew Marvell 3. Henry Vaughan (nbwi
fb) 4. George Herbert 5. Cowley (KvDwj)
c) The Caroline Period: 49
Robert Herrick
d) The Commonwealth Period: 51
1. Thomas Hobbes 2. Jeremy Taylor
Previous Questions: 52
4. The Neoclassical Period 67
a) The Restoration Period: 69
1. John Milton 2. John Dryden (Rb WvBWb) 3. William Congreve:
(KbwMf) 4. Samuel Butler 5. John Bunyan (Rb evwbqvb) 6. John Locke
(Rb jK) 7. William Wycherley 8. Aphra Ben 9. George Farquhar
6 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
101. wiPvW BUb 102. ingvb mvenvb 103. Steve Jobs (wf Rem) 104. Sun Tzu
(myb Ry) 105. Sully Prodhomme (mywj cavg) 106. Seamus Heaney 107.
Salman Rushdi 108. Seikh Hasina 109. Sigmund Freud (wmMg dqW) 110.
Sir Arthur Miller (mvi Av_vi wgjvi) 111. Stephen Hawking (wdb nwKs)
112. Saul Bellow 113. Samuel Beckett 114. Selma Lagerlof (mjgv jMid)
115. Samuel Huntington (nvwUsUb) 116. Salvador Dali 117. mq` gyRZev
Avjx 118. mq` Avjx Avnmvb 119. mq` IqvjxDjvn& 120. kvqv BKivgyjvn 121.
T.S. Eliot 122. Thomas Carlyle 123. Ted Hughes (UW wnDR) 124. Tony
Morrison 125. Tahmima Anam 126. Thomas Usk 127. V. S. Neipaul
(we`vai m~hc
mv` bvBcj) 128. Virginia Woolf (fvwRwbqv Djd) 129. Victor
Hogo (Mv) 130. fvw`gi BwjP Dwjqvbvf (jwbb) 131. William Golding 132.
W. B. Yeats 133. William Hunter 134. W.H. Auden 135. William
Somerset Maugham (mgvimU gg) 136. Wole Soyinka (Ij mywqv) 137.
Wallace Stevens 138. Winston Churchil (DBbb PvwPj) 139. William
Faulkner (dKbvi) 140. Walt Whitman, Robert Frost & Emily Dickinson
Shorter
Ages 1340-1400: The Age of Chaucer (Pmvii hyM)***
(14th Century Gi AMZ; Pmvii gvag BsiwR mvwnZi hvv i)
we.`.: g~jZ mgmvgwqK Kvb weLvZ ivRv, ivbx ev Kvb wekl mvwnwZKi bvgvbymvi
wKsev Kvb hyMi wekl Kvb ewki bvgvbymvi Gme hyMi (Period/Age)
bvgKiY Kiv nqQ| GRb GKB hyMi wewfb bvg cwijwZ nq|
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 11
2. Cynewulf: (KbDjd)
He is one of twelve Old English poets known by name, and
one of four whose work is known to survive today.
Juliana Zvi GKwU weLvZ KweZv|
3. Saint Venerable Bede: (673-735)
Zvi Dcvwa: Doctor of the Church
ZvK Father of Learning Ges
First historian in English language ejv nq| (we.`: evsjv mvwnZi
c_g BwZnvm welqK M `xbk P` mbi efvlv I mvwnZ)
4. King Alfred the Great: (849-899)
Zvi Dcvwa: The Law Governing (AvBbi kvmK)
wZwb 871 mvj _K 899 mvj ch ZrKvjxb England Gi ivRv wQjb|
He compiled the Anglo Saxon Chronicle. (A_vr The Anglo
Saxon Chronicle bvg c_g M`M G hyMB msKwjZ nq|)
GwUK First monument in English prose ev BsiwR M`i Avw`
wb`kb ejv nq|
G KviY ZvK Founder of English Prose-I ejv nq| (hgb:
evsjv M`i RbK CkiP` we`vmvMi)
[DjL: cixvi option-G Alfred the Great ev gahyMi John Wycliffe
Gi bvg bv _vKj Elizabethan period Gi Francis Bacon KB Founder of
English Prose ejv ne|]
14 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
1. Beowulf (eIDj&d):
we.`.: Rvgvwbi `yal Saxon-iv 450 mvj ay Bsjv `LjB Kiwb eis BsiwR
fvlv PPvi Dci GK aibi wblavv Avivc Ki| Zviv `wi` BsiR`iK
`vm-`vmxZ cwiYZ Ki Ges mv BsiR`iK `k _K weZvwoZ Ki|
dj G hyM we BsiwR fvlvq Kvb mvwnZ iwPZ nqwb|
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 15
dLixb gveviK kvn Gi Avgj 1345-46 mvj weLvZ cwievRK Beb eZzZv
evsjv`k GmwQjb| Zvi gZ, m mgq G`k 7 UvKvq 8.75gY Pvj Ges 3
UvKvq 14 mi wN cvIqv hZ|
1362 mvj c_gevii gZ BsiwRK Language of law and court wnme
NvlYv Kiv nq| (DjL, 1837 mvj fviZxq Dcgnv`k dviwm fvlvi cwieZ
BsiwR fvlvK ivfvlv Kiv nq| Avi cvwKvbi MYcwil` evsjv fvlvK 16
deqvwi 1956 mvj AbZg ivfvlv wnmve ^xKwZ `qv nq|)
Gi AvM Norman Period G Latin and French were the
only recognized languages in Norman courts.
William Caxton established printing press in 1476. GRb ZvK
First English Printer ejv nq [we.`: 1777 mvj Rgm wnwK c_g KvVi
cm Zwi Ki e`k gy`Y eemv Pvjy Kib| Ze Pvjm DBjwKK evsjv
gy`vii RbK ejv nq Ges Zvi wb`k cvbb KgKvi evsjv Ai Lv`vB Kib]
1492 mvj BZvjxq bvweK Christopher Columbus AvUjvwUK gnvmvMi
AwZg Ki evnvgv xc AeZiYi gvag AvgwiKv gnv`k Avwevi Kib|
In 1498, Vasco Da-Gama reached India. (fvv `v Mvgv GKRb
cZzwMR bvweK wQjb)
G gahyMB 1204 mvj jY mbK civwRZ Ki eLwZqvi wLjRx evsjv
Rq Kib Ges 1333 mvj gynv` web ZzNjKi ivRZKvj givi chUK
Beb eZzZv evsjvq AvMgb Kib|
G hyMB RvwZwevbx Copernicus (Rb 1473) cgvY KiwQjb h,
The Sun is the center of all planets. Avi KvcvwbKvmi gZev`
cPvii `vq Zvi Qv wRqv`vbv ebvK Avb cywoq nZv Kiv nq|
G hyMi BsiR mvwnwZKiv BZvjxq Kwe Dante (`v), Petrarch, (cvK)
Boccaccio (evKvwPI) cgyL weLvZ mvwnwZKK AbymiY KiwQjb|
Roger Bacon (1214-1292) was a famous literary person of
Anglo Norman Period. Opus Majus Zvi weLvZ M| (iRvi
eKbK AvaywbK wevbi RbKI ejv nq)
GB hyMB Miracle Play, Mystery Play, Morality Play, Interlude
(MfbvwUKv) cfwZ bvg English Drama Gi cPjb i nq|
18 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
wZwbB we BsiwR fvlvq c_g KweZv wjLb| (Saxon Ges Norman hyM we
BsiwR wQj bv| we.`: Father of Bengali Modern Poems- gvBKj gaym~`b)
Canterbury Tales (KvUviewi Ujm&&) Zvi k KveM| GwU 1478 mvj c_g
Qvcv nq| GwU g~jZ 17,000 jvBb wewk Kve iwPZ GKwU Amgv eYbvg~jK MM (a
collection of 24 stories)| The tales are presented as part of a story-telling
contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from
London to Canterbury in order to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas
Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at
the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.
Pmvii Kve mvwnZK wZbwU fvM wPwZ Kiv nq:
The French Period
The Italian Period
The English Period
GQvovI Zvi weLvZ KweZvjv njv:
The House of Fame
Troilus and Criseyde
Nun Priests Tale
The Parliament of Fowls
The Legend of Good Women wRId Pmvi
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 19
5. William Langland:
Zvi weLvZ KveM: Piers Plowman
1.
2.
3.
4.
3. The Renaissance
Duration: 1500-1660
5.
G Aavq Renaissance Gi DjLhvM PviwU hyM AvjvwPZ nqQ:
(a) The Elizabethan Period (1558-1603)
(b) The Jacobean Period (1603-1625)
(c) The Caroline Period (1625-1649)
(d) The Commonwealth Period (1649-1660)
22 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
6. 3. The Renaissance
Duration: 1500-1660
DjL: ivbx GwjRve_i evev Henry (viii) 6wU weq KiwQjb| Zviv njb:
1. Catherine of Aragon (divorced, died while detained under guard at
Kimbolton Castle, mother of Mary I) 2. Anne Boleyn (executed, mother of
Elizabeth I) 3. Jane Seymour (died days after giving birth to Edward VI,
believed to be caused by birth complications) 4. Anne of Cleves (divorced,
outlived the rest of the wives) 5. Catherine Howard (divorced and later
executed) 6. Catherine Parr (widowed).
Elizabethan Period Gi AwaKvsk bvUK Queen Elizabeth Gi mvgb g
nqQ| c_g g bvUK Gorboduc -1562 mvj|
AbK gb Kib, ZrKvjxb weLvZ Constantinople mvvRi cZbi ciB
ibmuv i nq|
Leonardo Da Vinci (Rb 1452, dvi, BZvwj) Gi weLvZ The Last
Supper, La Giaconda, Mona Lisa, Virtuvian Man, The Madonna
and Child ibmuv hyMi k wPKg| wZwbB c_g nwjKvii wP Ab
KiwQjb| (Ze 1740 mvj c_g nwjKvi Zwi Kiv nq)|
wjDbv`v ` wfw QvovI BZvwji gvBKj Gjv (1475) G hyMi weLvZ wPKi wQjb|
Zvi k wPKg njv gvRm, WwfW, wcqZv Ges The Creation of Adam|
we.`. Kwe Howard ivgvb fvlvi weLvZ Kwe fvwRji Aeneid (CwbW)
gnvKvei BsiwR Abyev` Kib|
* Sonnet is a form of poem consisting of three
quatrains ending with a rhyming couplet.
gb ivLyb * mbUi RbK: BZvjxq Kwe cvK
* evsjv mbUi RbK: gvBKj gaym~`b ` (PZz`kc`x KweZvejx)
* evsjv fvlvq BZvjxq mbUi ceZK: cg_ Payix
2. Comedy of Errors:
Gi evsjv Abyev` KiQb CkiP` we`vmvMi vwwejvm bvg| bvUK `Lv
hvq, GK KvV eemvqx Zvi KvRi jvKK mv_ wbq wbR kni Qo Ab GKwU kni eemvi
KvR Avm| wK GB kniB Zvi Pnvivi e Ab GK f`jvK AvQb; GgbwK `yRb PvKiiI
GKB Pnviv| iy nq vw wejvm| Aekl Rvbv hvq, Giv PviRb `yB Rvov RgR| QvUejvq
hviv GK `yNUbvq wewQb nqwQj|
3. Twelfth Night: (G bvUKi mve-UvBUjt Or, What You Will)
GB bvUKi wKQz weLvZ Dw:
Some are born great, some achieve greatness
and some have greatness thrust upon them.
(KD gnr nq Rbvq, KD gnZv ARb Ki Ges Kviv Dci gnZv Pvwcq `qv nq)
If music be the food of love, play on.
Love sought is good but given unsought is better.
42 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Thomas Kyd:
wZwb G `ywU University Gi Qv bv nqI
University Wits Gi Afy wQjb|
Robert Greene:: (1558-1592)
Friar Bacon Zvi weLvZ Comedy|
George Peele (cxj): (1556-1596) The house, believed to be
The Old Wifes Tale Shakespeare's birthplace,
Famous Chronicle of King Edward (I) in Stratford-upon-Avon
bKi
Previous Questions
The Old English Period to The Renaissance Period
22. Who wrote the plays The Tempest and The Mid Summer
Nights Dream? [29Zg wewmGm]
(a) Ben Jonson (b) Christopher Marlowe
(c) John Dryden (d) William Shakespeare Ans. d
23. Julius Caesar was the ruler of Rome about [28Zg wewmGm]
(a) 1000 years ago (b) 1500 years ago
(c) 2000 years ago (d) 3000 years ago Ans. c
24. Shakespeare is known mostly for his- [16Zg wekl wewmGm (wkv)]
(a) poetry (b) novels
(c) autobiography (d) plays Ans. d
25. Which of the following is a play by Shakespeare
[mvbvjx evsK Awdmvi/ Awdmvi (Kvk)- 2014]
(a) King Lear (b) The Duchess of Malfi
(c) Candida (d) Waiting for Godot Ans. a
26. William Shakespeare was an English dramatist and poet of the-
---- century. [mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi- 2014]
(a) fifteenth (b) sixteenth
(c) fourteenth (d) seventeenth Ans. b
27. Which of the following plays is by William Shakespeare?
[mvbvjx evsK Awdmvi- 2014]
(a) Desire Under the Elms (b) Measure for Measure
(c) Pygmalion (d) Cocktail Party Ans. b
28. Shakespeare is the writer of [ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2012-13]
(a) The Tempest (b) The Idea of University
(c) The Hairy Ape (d) Riders to the Sea Ans. a
29. A sonnet is a lyric poem of [cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi
mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2012]
(a) 12 lines (b) 24 lines
(c) 14 lines (d) 10 lines Ans. c
30. William Shakespeare is the author of [evsjv`k nvDR wews dvBbv
Kcvikb wmwbqi Awdmvi- 2011 / ciivgYvjq mvBdvi Awdmvi- 2012]
(a) Pride and Prejudice (b) Waiting for Godot
(c) Sound of Music (d) King Lear Ans. d
31. Twelfth Night is [Kviv ZZveavqK (^iv gYvjq) wbqvM cixv-2012]
(a) a comedy (b) an elegy
(c) a novel (d) a tragedy Ans. a
32. Which book is a Tragedy? [mnKvix _vbv wkv Awdmvi-2012]
(a) Hamlet (b) Measure for Measure
(c) As you like it (d) She stoops to conquer Ans. a
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 55
57. Who wrote the world famous tragic play King Lear? [kg I
Kgmsvb gbvjqi kg I cwi`ii mnKvix kg cwiPvjK- 2006]
(a) Shelley (b) Wordsworth
(c) Shakespeare (d) Miltion Ans. c
58. gybxi Payixi gyLiv igYx ekxKiY Kvi jLvi Abyev`? [cwievi KjvY KgKZv- 03]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) W. Somerset Maugham
(c) William Shakespeare (d) Charles Dickens Ans. c
59. Hamlet by Shakespeare is ----- [`ybxwZ `gb eyvivi cwi`kK wbqvM cixv-2003]
(a) a comedy (b) a tragic-comedy
(c) an epic (d) a tragedy. Ans. d
60. Who is the author of The Taming of the Shrew [mve iwR: c` wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) Shaw (b) Shakespeare
(c) Ibsen (d) Jonson Ans. b
61. Hamlet is a __ by Shakespeare. [ciiv gYvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) play (b) novel (c) tale (d) story Ans. a
62. Shakespeare lived during the reign of - [ciiv gYvjq 2001]
(a) Elizabeth i (b) Elizabeth ii
(c) Queen Victoria (d) King Charles Ans. a
63. Shakespearean play consists of ----- [wmwfj Bwwbqvwis 1999]
(a) Three acts (b) two acts
(c) five acts (d) two acts Ans. c
64. CkiP` we`vmvMii vwwejvm Kvb Mi Abyev`? [gvawgK we`vjq mn wkK- 1997]
(a) Uncle Toms Cabin (b) Dolls House
(c) Macheth (d) The Comedy of Errors Ans. d
65. The Faerie Queene is an---
(a) Elegy (b) Epic (c) Sonnet (d) Poem Ans. b
66. Shakespeares Macbeth is a ------ [mnKvix cwiPvjK c` wbqvM cixv-1994]
(a) Comedy (b) Satire
(c) Tragedy (d) Low comedy Ans. c
67. Comedy of Errors [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv- 1994]
(a) Ben Johnson (b) G. B Shaw
(c) T S Eliot (d) William Shakespeare Ans. d
68. Shakespeare was famous for all but one of the following ----
[hye Dbqb Awa`i mnKvix cwiPvjK wbqvM cixv- 1994]
(a) Comedies (b) Bourgeois Drama
(c) Tragedies (d) Tragi-drama Ans. b
69. Dr. Faustus was written by--
(a) Ben Jonson (b) W. Shakespeare
(c) Christopher Marlowe (d) John Webster Ans. c
58 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
125. 'Blow, Blow thou winter wind/ Thu art not so unkind
As mans ingratitude;/ They tooth is not so keen,
Although they breath be rude.' [cvewjK mvwfm Kwgkb mnKvix cwiPvjK- 1998]
These are a few lines of a poem of a great poet. Who is the poet?
(a) J. Webstar (b) C. Marlowe
(c) W. Shakespeare (d) Lord Bacon Ans. c
126. Who is called the poet of poets? [gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK- 2006]
(a) Geoffrey Chaucer (b) Edmund Spenser
(c) Francis Bacon (d) William Shakespeare Ans. b
127. Shylock h bvUKi Pwi, m bvUKwUi bvg [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK -1998]
(a) Doctor Faustus (b) The Merchant of Venice
(c) The Way of the World (d) Arms and the Man Ans. b
128. Who is known as the father of English poetry? /Who is called
the father of English Poetry? [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) Milton (b) Wordsworth
(c) Chaucer (d) Charles Dickens Ans. c
129. Who is the father of Modern English Poetry? [Ly.we. fwZ cixv-2010-11]
(a) Cynewulf (b) Geoffrey Chaucer
(c) Robert Browning (d) None of the above Ans. b
130. Who is considered to be the father of English Poem? [moK I Rbc_
Ges MYc~Z Awa`ii Dc-mncKkjx (wmwfj) c` wbqvM cixv- 2011]
(a) William Langland (b) Thomas More
(c) Francis Bacon (d) Geoffrey Chaucer Ans. d
131. 'There are more things in heaven and earth,
Horatio,/ Than are dreamt of in our philosophy. DwwU Shakespeare-
Gi Kvb bvUK _K DZ nqQ? [mnKvix _vbv cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi- 1998]
(a) Hamlet (b) King Lear
(c) Macbeth (d) Othello Ans. a
132. Who wrote The Spanish Tragedy? [gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK-2006]
(a) John Lyly (b) Thomas Kyd
(c) Robert Green (d) Christopher Marlowe Ans. b
133. Robert Herrick was an English-- [mvbvjx evsK Awdmvi / (Kvk)- 2014]
(a) Novelist (b) Historian
(c) Poet (d) Dramatist Ans. c
134. A poem of fourteen lines is called [_vbv wkv KgKZv wbqvM cixv-1998]
(a) Elege (b) Sonnet
(c) Ode (d) Epic Ans. b
64 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
147. What is the meaning of 'Soliloquy'? [wbevPb Kwgkb mwPevjq mnKvix mwPe-95]
(a) action of body (b) action of speech
(c) to memorira part (d) long self speech by an actor Ans. d
148. A drama is a/an -- [kg cwi`ii RbmsLv I cwievi KjvY KgKZv-09]
(a) novel retold in dialogue (b) magical performnces on the stage
(c) fairy tale (d) story translated into action Ans. b
149. A tragedy does not have ____ [K.U. (gvbweK zj) 05-06]
(a) a tragic hero (b) a plot
(c) an act (d) an octave-sestet division Ans. d
150. Comedy is - [I.U. 06-07]
(a) a lignt play with a happy ending.
(b) an amusing play with a serious ending.
(c) a serious play with a humorous ending. Ans. a
(d) a plays that shows terrible things in a way that is intended to be funny.
151. A comedy does not have__ [K.U. (gvbweK zj) 07-08]
(a) a happy ending (b) a plot
(c) catharsis (d) comic element Ans. c
152. The hero or central character of a literary work is __ [J.U.(C) 14-15]
(a) Villain (b) Protagonist
(c) Antagonist (d) Chorus Ans. b
153. 'Protagonist' indicates__ [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK-03]
(a) the villain in a play
(b) the leading character or actor in a play
(c) the clown in a play
(d) the stage-director of a play. Ans. b
154. 'Melodrama' is a kind of play of- [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mntcwi`kK-04]
(a) violent and sensational themes (b) historical themes
(c) philosophical themes (d) pathetic themes Ans. a
155. What is catastrope? [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mntcwi`kK- 04]
(a) The comical end of dramatic events
(b) The tragic end of dramatic events
(c) The comic tragic end of the play
(d) None of the above Ans. b
156. Climax is related to- [K.U. 07-08]
(a) Prose (b) Drama
(c) Poetry (d) Novel Ans. b
157. 'Much Ado About Nothing' is written by __
(a) Jane Austen (b) Charles Dickens
(c) William Shakespeare (d) Virginia Woolf Ans. c
66 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
U M
70 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Zvi A e`yK bq, Kjg| G mgq wZwb iPbv Kib GvivcvwRwUKv MwU| G M mgM
weki gvbyli evK ^vaxbZv, g~`Y ^vaxbZv Ges msMvgi GK Rxe `wjj|
Famous sonnets:
On the Blindness (mbU msKjb) On the Late Massacre
Famous quotes:
(i) It is better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven.
(^M `vmZ Kivi Pq biK ivRZ Kiv kq; GwU Satan Gi Dw)
(ii) Childhood shows the man as morning shows the day.
(mKvji m~h hgb w`emi cwZQwe, evjKvjI gnr gvbyli cwZQwe)
(iii) Death is the golden key that opens the place of eternity.
(gZzi gvag gvbyl AgiZ jvf Ki)
NB: There are two types of epic:
(i) Primary Epic (c_g AwjwLZ wQjv, ci wjwLZ nqQ| hgb: MxK
mvwnwZK nvgvii Iliad Ges Odessey)
(ii) Secondary Epic (c_g _KB wjwLZ| hgb: Paradise Lost,
Paradise Regained)
Famous quote:
"In prayer it is better to have a heart without words than
words without a heart." (fvev_: `qwenxb K_vgvjv wbfi gvbvRvZi Pq
knxb `qi cv_bv kq)
5. Samuel Butler: (1613-1680)
A famous poet and satirist
Famous work: Hudibars (1663)
Ze Samuel Butler bvg GKRb weLvZ Victorian novelist iqQb|
6. John Locke: (Rb jK, 1632-1704)
Father of Modern Democracy
Famous Book:
(i) An Essay Concerning Human
Understanding (1690, gvbweK vb welqK ce)
(ii) Some thoughts Concerning Education (wkv welqK wPv)
(iii) Two Treaties on Civil Government (mgvR miKvi mwKZ `ywU MelYvc)
Dw: hLvb AvBb bB mLvb ^vaxbZv bB|
7. William Wycherley:
Famous work:
The Country Wife
The Plain Dealer
8. Aphra Behn: ( )
Woman in a world of man
Famous work:
The Rover (a comedy)
Oroonoko (AivbvKv, prose fiction)
9. George Farquhar:
Famous work: ivYx Gvwbi ivRZKvj Bsjv I
The Recruiting Officer Ujv GK nq MU weUb nq
The Beauxs Stratagem 1707 mvj
74 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
-
v
weki c_g evRU 1733 mvj hyivR NvwlZ nq| (Ze Dcgnv`ki c_g
evRU 1861 mvj (jW Kvwbs) Ges evsjv`ki c_g evRU 30 Ryb 1972 mvj
NvwlZ nq)
G hyMwU Queen Anne, King George (i) Ges King George (ii) Gi
kvmbvgjvaxb|
G hyMwU eagx jLv (Satire) Ges Gothic (fwZK) Novel Gi Rb weLvZ|
Gothic Novel Gi hvv i Kib Ann Radcliffe|
GB hyM wKQz Literary Club MwVZ nq| hgb-
The Scriblerus Club, The Kit-Kat Club, The Spectator Club
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 75
Famous quotes:
The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse.
(gZv hZ eo Aceenvi ZZ wecbK)
Superstition is the religion to feeble minded persons.
Fear is the mother of safety.
Power and authority are sometimes bought by kindness.
Famous Books:
(i) The Social Contract
(evbyev`t mvgvwRK Pyw, mi`vi dRjyj Kwig)
(ii) Emile (On Education) -BgvBj
(iii) Julie
(iv) Discourse on the Origin and
Foundation of Inequility
Quotes:
(i) Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains.
(ii) Patience is bitter but its fruit is sweet.
(iii) RbMYB mvefg gZvi AwaKvix|
16. Voltaire: (fjZqvi)
cyiv bvgt Francis Marie Arouet
(dvmvqv gvwi Aviyq)
wZwb bvMwiK ^vaxbZvi ^c weklZ agi ^vaxbZv I
bvq wePvii AwaKvii c Aevb bqvi Rb weLvZ
wQjb|
Rb : dvi cvwim (1694 mvj)
ckv: jLK, bvUKvi, `vkwbK
Books:
(i) Candide (evZK Dcbvm)
Ze Candida bvg GKwU weLvZ Play wjLQb G.B. Shaw
(ii) Zaire
(iii) Essays on Morals
(iv) Spirit of Nations
Quotes:
(i) Prejudice is the reason of fools.
(Kzmsvi nQ evKv`i hyw)
(ii) If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.
(hw` cw_exZ Kvb v bv _vKZv, Zvnj GKRb v bZzb Ki mw Kivi cqvRb nZ)
(iii) I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to death your
right to say it. (A_vr Zzwg hv ej Avwg nqZv Zv gvwbbv| Ze Avwg AvgZz
Zvgvi K_v ejvi AwaKvi/ evK& mvaxbZv iv Kie)
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 85
Previous Questions
The Neoclassical Period
01. 'Elegy Written is a Country Churchyard' is written by- [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Thomas Gray
(c) John Keats (d) W. B. Yeats Ans. b
02. 'Paradise Lost' attempted to---- [14Zg wewmGm]
(a) Justify the ways of man to God
(b) Justify the ways of God to man
(c) Show that the Satan and god have equal power
(d) Explain why good and evil are necessary. Ans. b
03. Who wrote the famous poetic line 'To err is human, to forgive is
divine'? [Xv.we. fwZ cixv- 2009-2010/ Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-2012]
(a) Pope (b) Shelley (c) Keats (d) Dryden Ans. a
04. Edmund Spenser is a ---. [Kvi ZveavqK (^iv gYvjq) wbqvM cixv- 2012]
(a) Scientist (b) Poet (c) Critic (d) Dramatist Ans. b
05. Who is the composer of 'Paradise Lost'? [cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb
gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2012 / AvBb wePvi I msm` welqK gYvjqi mve iwRvi-2012]
(a) John Keats (b) Lord Byron
(c) S.T. Coleridge (d) John Milton Ans. d
06. 'Better to reign in Hell than to serve in Heaven.' Who said this
and where? [^iv gYvjqi Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awa`ii mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2011]
(a) Satan in "Paradise Lost" (b) Stain in "Paradise Regained"
(c) Adam in 'Paradise Lost' (d) Adam in 'Paradise Regained' Ans. a
07. 'Paradise Lost' is a/an ---- [ciivgYvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) short story (b) epic poem
(c) play (d) lyrical poem Ans. b
08. Who of the following is a famous epic poet in English
literature? / Of the following authors who wrote an epic? [kg
Awa`ii Rbkw, Kgmsvb I cwkY eyiv DcmnKvix cwiPvjK c` wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) Jane Mansfield (b) John Milton
(b) William Cowper (d) William Shakespeare Ans. b
09. 'Paradise Regained' is an epic by- [miKvix gvawgK we`vjq mn. wkK -2011]
(a) John Keats (b) P.B. Shelly
(c) John Milton (d) William Blake Ans. c
10. kvKMxwZ 'Lycidas' -Gi iPwqZv K? [gv`K`e wbqY Awa`i mnKvix cwiPvjK-1999]
(a) Thomas Gray (b) Alfred Tennyson
(c) John Milton (d) John Keats Ans. c
86 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
G hyMK ejv nq- The Golden Age of Lyric (MxwZ KweZv)/ Age of
Revolution; G mgq BsiwR KweZv Zvi mevP P~ovq cuQ|
Slogan: Art for Arts Sake (wki Rb wk; A_vr wk mwi cQb
Kvb bwZK Dk bB)
Romanticism Gi msv:
It is not only imitation but creation with the help of
imagination.
G hyMi wKQz iZc~Y Z_:
4 g, 1800 mvj Mfbi Rbvij jW Iqvjmwj KZK ivRv DBwjqvgi
bvgvbymvi KjKvZvq dvU DBwjqvg KjR cwZwZ nq|
1805 mvj dvi wei wewUk bevwnbxi RqK iYxq Ki ivLZ jbi
K`j weLvZ UvdvjMvi qvi wbwgZ nq| DjL, UvdvjMvi hy Bsjvi b
mbvcwZ KvQ dv Ges bi wgwjZ evwnbx civwRZ nq| wK bjmb
wbR wjwe nq gviv hvb|
UvdvjMvi
qvi
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 91
gb ivLyb:
* Pantheist (mekiev`x)- Everything is God
* Monotheist (GKkiev`x)- Everything is Gods
* Polytheist- (e Bkiev`x)
He became a Poet Laureate in 1839. (Poet Laureate gvb
mfvKwe/ court poet of England; Ze wZwb KvgweR wekwe`vjq _K wkv
jvf Kib|)
IqvWmIqv_i mv_ evsjv mvwnZi wef~wZf~lY e`vcvavqi wgj cvIqv hvq|
ZvK Oxford wekwe`vjq _K mvbm~PK Doctor of Civil Law wWwM `qv nq|
Wordsworth Gi GKgv bvUK: The Borderers
The Prelude (wcwjDW) bvg wZwb Poetic Autobiography GKwU Kve
iwPZ AvZRxebx wjLb| (wkKvj _K bvbv AwfZvi ga w`q wbRi Kwemvi
weKvki BwZnvm wbq G wekvj AvZRewbK KveKgwU iwPZ nqQ)
Tintern Abbey
(wUbUvbi gV, Wye b`xi Zxi GKwU gVi bvg Tintern G KweZvq Kwe wbRK
worshiper of nature wnme AvLvwqZ KiQb| gb ivLyb: 1560 mvj ivbx
GwjRve_ wbwgZ jbi GKwU PvPi bvg Westminister Abbey)
The Solitary Reaper (GKvKx kl AvniYKvix)
Ode on Immortality (AgiZi Mvb)
Michael
Written in March
Revolution and Independence
Rainbow
* Ze Rainbow bvg GKwU weLvZ novel wjLQb Modern Period
Gi D. H. Lawrence|
The Excursion (` GKvikb)
Lucy Poems (jywm bvgi GKwU gqK wbq; Lucy is a series of five
poems about an English girl who died young.)
Titles:
Revolutionary Poet
Lyrical Poet/ Poet of Wind
Poet of Hope and Regeneration cvwm wek kwj
He was expelled from Oxford University for atheism (bvwKZv)
He liked Keats very much, Zvi cKU me mgq Keats Gi KweZv _vKZ|
wZwb 30 eQi eqm BZvwjZ bKvWyweZ gviv hvb|
Zvi Amgv M: The Triumph|
Shelley was drowned while he was crossing the Adriatic sea (1822)
Jibonanondo Das is often called the Shelly of Bangladesh.
96 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
iv) We look before and after and pine for what is not.
v) Fear not the future, weep not for the past.
vi) My name is Ozymandias, King of king. (It is an example of Irony)
vii) Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.
(weini Mvb gayi Mvb, Ode to a Skylark )
viii) The more we study, the more we discover our ignorance.
gb ivLyb: Romantic Kwe P B Shelleyi x Mary Shelleyi
wekweLvZ Novel Gi bvg Frankenstein (dvbBb) ev The
Modern Prometheus; P B Shelley Ges Byron Gi Drmvn wZwb
1828 mvj GwU wjLQb| g~j welq: gvbyl AcwiYvg`kx nj Zvi mwi nvZB
Zvi wbRi webvk NU|
Famous Poems:
1. Ode to a Nightingale
2. Ode on a Grecian Urn
(cvPxb wMmi GKwU cv; a piece of
ancient Greek sculpture) gb ivLyb:
3. Ode to Autumn wgkwiq bvix D KzjmygK Aviei
4. Ode on Melancholy bvBwUj ejv nq|
5. Ode to Psyche fviZi gwnjv Kwe mivwRwb bvBWvK
6. Ode to Fancy bvBwUj Ae Bwqv (fviZi KvwKj)
7. Isabella ejv nq|
Avi BZvwjq bvix dvi bvBwUji
Famous quotes of Keats: Dcvwa njv 'Lady with the lamp'|
i. Beauty is truth, truth beauty. (Ode on a Grecian Urn)
ii. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. (Endymon)
iii. Heard melodies are sweet but those unheard are sweeter.
(A_vr gvbyl ARvbvK RvbZ Pvq; Ode on a Grecian Urn)
iv. 'My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains. My sense, as
though of hemlock I had drunk.'
(Avgvi `q e_v KiQ, wb`vZyi GK weekZv cxov KiQ Avgvi Bw`qjvK, hb
Avwg cvb KiwQ ngjK, Ode to a Nightingale)
Keats Gi gZ, If poetry comes not as naturally as the leaves to a
tree it had better not come at all. (MvQi ga hfve cvZv MRvq, mfve
Kwei fZi _K ^Zt~Zfve KweZv bv Avmj, Zv eis bv AvmvB fvjv)
7. William Hazlitt:
A famous critic and essayist
DBwjqvg nvRwjU ivgvwUK hyM mK ejQbt
It was a time of promise, a renewal of the world and of letters.
(GUv wQj cwZkwZi mgq, weki bZybZi mgq, Avi wkv `xvi mgq)
Books:
1) The Spirit of Age
2) The Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth
Quotes:
1) Poverty i s the test of civility and the touchstone of friendship.
2) Prejudice is the child of ignorance. (Kymsvi nQ AZvi dj)
Previous Questions
The Romantic Period
01. Who is known as the poet of nature in English literature?
[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Lord Tennyson (b) John Milton
(c) William Wordsworth (d) John Keats Ans. c
02. The poem 'The Solitary Reaper' is written by-[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) W. H. Auden (b) W. Wordsworth
(c) W. B. Yeats (d) Ezra Pound Ans. b
03. Which of the following writers belongs to the Romantic period
in English literature? [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) A. Tennyson (b) Alexander Pope
(c) John Dryden (d) S.T. Coleridge Ans. d
04. The Romantic age in English literature began with the
publication of----.[36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Preface to Shakespeare (b) Preface of Lyrical Ballads
(c) Preface to Ancient Mariners
(d) Preface to Dr. Johnson Ans. b
05. Ballad is [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK c` evQvB cixv-2003]
(a) a kind of short narrative poem (b) a kind of short condoling poem
(c) a kind of short lyrical poem (d) a rhymic verse Ans. c
06. 'Child is the father of man' is taken from the poem of---. [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) W. Wordsworth (b) S. T. Coleridge
(c) P. B. Shelley (d) A. C. Swinburne Ans. a
07. The year 1798 is famous for--- [cwimsLvb KgKZv- 2010]
(a) The French Revolution (b) The American Independence
(c) Publication of lyrical ballads (d) The death of Keats Ans. c
08. Pioneer/s of Romanticism is/are- [_vbv wkv KgKZv cixv-2010]
(a) Wordsworth (b) Coleridge
(c) Both a & b (d) None Ans. c
09. Water, water, everywhere, not a drop to drink jvBb Kvb Kwei jLv?
[cwZiv gYvjqi Aaxb mvBdvi Awdmvi wbqvM- 1999]
(a) Wordsworth (b) Gray (c) Coleridge (d) Scott Ans. c
10. "Child is the father of man" is taken from the writings of
[cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv-1992]
(a) P.B Shelly (b) S.T. Coleridge
(c) W. Wordsworth (d) A.C. Swinburne Ans. c
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 103
76. Charles Lamb was--- [eb I cwiek gYvjq mnKvix cwiPvjK wbevPbx cixv-1995]
(a) an essayist (b) a novelist
(c) an epic poet (d) a dramatist Ans. a
77. 'If winter comes, can spring be far behind?' These lines were
written by__ [28Zg wewmGm / Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-10]
(a) Keats (b) Frost (c) Eliot (d) Shelley Ans. d
78. Who wrote 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'? [15Zg wewmGm / gvawgK mnKvix
wkK- 2006/ miKvix gvawgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK cixv- 2011]
(a) Shakespeare (b) Wordsworth (c) Keats (d) Eliot Ans. c
79. 'Our Sweetest songs are those that tell of a sadest thoughts is a
quotation from Shelley's [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb gwWKvj Awdmvi- 2003/ DcRjv
mgvRmev Awdmvi-2008/cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK 2012]
(a) Ode to a skylark (b) The cloud
(c) Ode to the west Wind (d) Adonais Ans. a
80. They__ in never-ending-- [XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-2010]
(a) Started, show (b) shone, laughter
(c) grow, row (d) stretched, line Ans. d
81. 'The Trumpet of prophecy! O wind. If winter comes, can
spring be far behind?' Who is the poet of these lines? [AvBb wePvi I
msm` welqK gYvjqi mve-iwRvi-2012]
(a) P. B. Shelley (b) William Wordsworth
(c) John Keats (d) Robert Browing Ans. a
82. 'A thing of beauty is a joy forever' was stated by--- [RvZxq msm`
mwPevjq mnKvix MelYv Awdmvi-2006/ AvBb wePvi I msm` welqK gYvjqi mve-iwRvi- 2012]
(a) John Keats (b) William Shakespeare
(c) Bacon (d) Milton Ans. a
83. 'Nature never did betray the heart that loved her' is a
quotation. [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-2012]
(a) Wordsworth (b) B. J. Baryon
(c) P. B. Shelly (d) J. Keats Ans. a
84. If Winter comes, can spring be far behind? is a line from---.
[kg cwi`ii RbmsLv I cwievi Kjvb KgKZv- 2009]
(a) Shelley's Ode to West Wind
(b) Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner
(c) Byron's Don Juan
(d) Keats Ode to Autumn Ans. a
85. If Winter comes, can --- be far behind? [mq cwi`ii mnKvix cwiPvjK-2009]
(a) Autumn (b) Spring (c) Summer (d) Rain Ans b
86. 'Ten thousand saw I at a glance' Who said this? [DcRjv mgvRmev Awdmvi-2007]
(a) Shakespearen (b) Coleridge (c) Keats (d) Wordsworth Ans. d
110 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
95. Who of the following was both a poet and painter? /wbv`i
ga K GKvavi Kwe Ges wPwkx wQjb? [15Zg wewmGm/ mnKvix cwimsLvb KgKZv- 1998]
(a) Keats (b) Donne (c) Blake (d) Spenser Ans. c
96. Who is called the 'poet of beauty'? [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK- 2003]
(a) William Wordsworth (b) P. B. Shelley
(c) John Keats (d) Shakespeare Ans. c
97. Poet of sensuousness-- [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi cwi`kK c` evQvB cixv- 2004]
(a) P. B. Shelley (b) William Wordsworth
(c) John Keats (d) Byron Ans. c
98. John Keats is primarily a poet of [hye Dbqb Awa`i mnKvix cwiPvjK wbqvM c.- 1999]
(a) Beauty (b) Nature
(c) Love (d) Revolution Ans. a
99. The central idea of I wandered lonely as a cloud is that:
[RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) nature excites human imagination
(b) nature is harmful for human being
(c) nature is beautiful (d) we can find solace in nature Ans. d
100. Ten thousand saw I at a glance is an example of- [Rvnv. wek. f.c.-11-12]
(a) hyperbole (b) symbol
(c) metaphor (d) apostrophe Ans. a
101. The waves beside them danced (from I wandered lonely as a
cloud) is an example of: [RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) simile (b) metaphor
(c) metonymy (d) personification Ans. d
102. The speaker of I wandered lonely as a cloud saw: [RvnvxibMi
wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2011-12]
(a) wet daffodils (b) yellow daffodils
(c) fair daffodils (d) golden daffodils Ans. d
103. William Hazlitt K wQjb? [mnKvix _vbv cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi- 1998]
(a) Novelist (b) Essayist (c) Dramatist (d) Poet Ans. b
104. Who wrote "Biographia Literaria"? [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) Lord Byron (b) P.B. Shelley
(c) S.T. Coleridge (d) Charles Lamb Ans. c
105. P.B. Shelley's 'Adonais' is an elegy on the death of - [37Zg wewmGm]
(a) John Milton (b) S.T. Coleridge
(c) John Keats (d) Lord Byron Ans. c
106. What figure of speech do you find in "budding beauty"?
(a) Assonance (b) Alliteration
(c) Simile (d) Metaphor Ans. b
112 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
j) Vision of Sin
k) The Charge of the Light Brigade
l) The Lover's Tale
h) Morte D Arthur
(GB KweZvwU civwYK ivRv gwU wW Av_viK wbq jLv; GZ civwYK
Excaliber Zievwii K_v ejv nqQgb ivLyb: Morte D Arthur bvg
GKwU weLvZ prose wjLQb Middle English Period Gi Kwe Sir
Thomas Malory|)
4. Charles Dickens:
Pvjm wWK (1812-1870)
The greatest novelist in the Victorian Period
(ivbx wfvwiqvi hyM k JcbvwmK)
c_g M: Sketches By Boz
Famous novels: Pvjm wWK
i) David Copperfield (AvZRxebxg~jK Dcbvm; GwZg wk WwfW
Kcviwdi eo nq DVv Ges mr evevi wbgg wbhvZbi Kvwnbx)
ii) Oliver Twist (GKwU evjKi `yweln Rxeb Kvwnbx)
iii) Great Expectations (K`xq Pwi- Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham;
wcc bvg GK BsiR evjKi eo nq IVvi M)
iv) A Tale of Two Cities (`yB kni- jb I cvwim; divwm wecei
cwZ jLv; wK A Tale of a Tub wjLQb Jonathon Swift)
v) A Christmas Carol
vi) The Bleak House
vii) The Old Curiosity Shop
viii) The Pickwick Papers
ix) Hard Times
(ZrKvjxb Bsjvi mvgvwRK A_bwZK AwiZvi weeiY)
x) Our Mutual Friend
xi) The Mystery of Edwin Drood (GwU Amgv Dcbvm)
xii) Little Dorrit
xiii) The Battle of Life
(Ze The Battle of the Books bvg DcbvmwU wjLQb Rvbv_b myBdU)
Famous quote:
Charity begins at home and justice begins next door.
Famous novels:
(i) Tess of the d'Urbervilles:
A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented (1891)
(Wvieviwej eski wP gq Umi UvRwW;
Characters-Tess, Alec, Angel)
(ii) Far From the Madding Crowd
(iii) The Return of the Native (1886)
(iv) The Poor Man and the Lady
(v) The Mayor of Casterbridge
(vi) Jude the Obscure
(Hardy exposed his deepest feelings in this bleak, angry novel
and, stung by the hostile response, he never wrote another.)
(vii) The Trumpet Major
(GwU nvwWi GKgv HwZnvwmK Dcbvm; UvdvjMvi hyi cvcU jLv)
(viii) A Pair of Blue Eyes
(GB Dcbvm Aej^b kirP` Zvi weLvZ Mn`vn DcbvmwU iPbv Kib|)
(ix) Under the Greenwood Tree,
(Ze GB wkivbvg Shakespere Gi As You Like It bvUK GKwU Song iqQ)
Famous quote: The greater the sinner, the greater the saint.
(hZ eo cvcx, ZZ eo mvay)
10. Christina Rossetti: (wwbv imwU)
Poems: 1. A Daughter of Eve
2. My Dream
3. Bride Song
4. Dream Land
11. Dante Gabriella Rossetti:
Poems: 1. Heart Compass
2. Love and Hope
3. Supreme Surrender
4. Nuptial Sleep
5. Redemption D.G. Rosettei
122 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
gb ivLyb:
Matthew Arnold wjLQb: The Scholar-Gypsy (poem)
George Eliot wjLQb: The Spanish Gypsy (poem)
Rulph Hodgson wjLQb: Time, You Old Gypsy Man
Famous quote:
How do I love thee (you)? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height.
20. Charles Robert Darwin: (WviDBb, 1809-1882)
An English naturalist (Rxewevbx)
wZwbB c_g cZ cheYi gvag weeZbev`i aviYv `b| Zuvi gZ mKj cRvwZB
wKQy mvaviY c~ecyiyl _K D~Z nqQ| GwUK wZwb cvKwZK wbevPb (Natural
Selection) wnme AwfwnZ Kib|
He is the Father of theory of the Evolution (weeZbev`i RbK)
Famous books:
i) The Origin of Species
ii) The Origin of Life and Earth
iii) The Decent of Man
Famous quote:
Tomarrow as yesterday only the fittest will survive in
the struggle for existence. (AZxZi bvq fwelZI AwZi
jovBq hvMZgivB wUK _vKe)
* gb ivLyb: Sir James Jeans wjLQb-
The Origin of Life on Earth (prose)
22. Gladstone:
Dcvwa: Grand Old Man of Britain
(Ze fviZxq ivRbxwZK `v`vfvB bIivwRK
Grand Old Man of India ejv nq)
126 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Previous Questions
The Victorian Period
01. 'David Copperfield' is a / an ----- novel. [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Victorian (b) Elizabethan
(c) Romantic (d) Modern Ans. a
02. London town is found a living being in the work of- . [36Zg wewmGm]
(a) Thomas Hardy (b) Charles Dickens
(c) W. Congreve (d) D. H. Lawrence Ans. b
03. Who wrote 'Patriotism'? [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM cixv-2002]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) William Wordsworth
(c) Sir Walter Scott (d) Robert Browning Ans.c
04. Who excels in dramatic monologue? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) John Milton (b) Robert Browning
(c) S.T. Coleridge (d) William Wordsworth Ans. B
05. Who wrote the book 'Ivan Hoe'? [Dc mnKvix cwiPvjK(kg) c` cixv-2001]
(a) O' Henry (b) R L Stevenson
(c) Earnest Hemingway (d) Sir Walter Scott Ans.d
06. Which poetry is written by Sir Walter Scott? [miKvwi gvawgK we`vjq
mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv- 2000]
(a) Patriotism (b) the Patriot
(c) A Frosty Night (d) All of the above Ans.a
07. In which century was the Victorian period? [16Zg wewmGm/ mve RR
wbqvM cixv-2008/we`yr Dbqb evWi Dc-mnKvix- 2012]
(a) 17th century (b) 18th century
(c) 19th century (d) 20th century Ans. c
08. The Victorian age is named after-- [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) King Victor 1
(b) Victory of the British Empire
(c) The Victors in the war against the French
(d) Queen Victoria Ans. d
09. Tennysons 'In Memoriam' is- [cvmcvU I BwgMkb Awdmvi- 1990]
(a) an elegy (b) an ode
(c) a sonnet (d) None of them Ans. a
10. Who wrote the poem 'Ulysses'? [mnKvix cwiPvjK (Z_ gYvjq-03]
(a) Robert Browning (b) Alfred Tennyson
(c) George Eliot (d) Charles Dickens Ans. b
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 133
23. Who is the author of the novel 'Three Musketeers? [mgevq `i 1997]
(a) R. L. Stevenson (b) William Shakespeare
(c) Sir Walter Scott (d) Alexandre Dumas Ans. d
24. 'Vanity Fair' is a ---- [ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi Awdmvi-2012]
(a) short story (b) drama
(c) Poem (d) novel Ans.d
25. Vanity Fair is a novel by--
(a) Dickens (b) Thackeray
(d) Scott (d) Fielding Ans. b
26. The writer of David Copperfield is- [mgvRmev Awdmvi (mgvRKjvY gYvjq)- 2010]
(a) Shakespeare (b) David Copperfield
(c) Charles Dickens (d) Rudyard Kipling Ans. c
27. Who wrote the two famous novels, 'David Copperfield' and 'A Tale of
Two Cities'? [29Zg wewmGm / ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2010-11]
(a) Thomas Hardy (b) Jane Austen
(a) George Eliot (d) Charles Dickens Ans. d
28. Charles Dickens was the writer of--- [mgvR mev Awa`i cixv- 2010]
(a) Jane Eyre (b) Wuthering Heights
(c) David Copperfield (d) Return of the Native Ans. c
29. A Tale of Two Cities is a novel by- [mn cKkjx GjwRBwR c`i cixv- 2005]
(a) Dickens (b) Thackeray
(c) Scott (d) Fielding Ans. a
30. Charles Dickens is a great- [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mnKvix cwi`kK c` wbqvM cixv- 2004]
(a) poet (b) critic (c) play-wright (d) novelist Ans. d
31. Kvb cyKwU Charles Dickens- Gi jLv? [cv_wgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM 2001]
(a) The Moon and the Sixpence (b) As you Like It
(c) David Copperfield (d) The Old and the Sea Ans. c
32. Charles Dickens is not the novelist for one of the following-
(a) A Tale of Two Cities (b) Treasure Islam
(c) David Copperfield (d) Great Expectations Ans. b
33. Who did not receive Nobel Prize in Literature. [evsjv`k evsK - 2013]
(a) Leo Tolstoy (b) Bernard Show
(c) T. S Elliot (d) Bertand Russell Ans. a
34. One of the four mentioned below is not a novelist of Modern Age in
English Language. Who is he? [cvewjK mvwfm Kwgkb mnKvix cwiPvjK cixv- 1998]
(a) H.G Wells (b) Charles Dickens
(c) Rudyard Kipling (d) T. S Elliot Ans. b
35. Who is the author of the book "War and Peace?' [_vbv wkv Awdmvi-10]
(a) Leo Tolstoy (b) William Cowper
(c) Shakespeare (d) John Ruskin Ans. a
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 135
36. Leo Tolstoy is a-- novelist. [Rbkw Kgvb I cwkY eyivi Dc-cwiPvjK-2007]
(a) British (b) German (c) French (d) Russian Ans. d
37. 'War and Peace' an epic late of Napoleonic invasion is written by-
[cwiek Awa`ii mn cwiPvjK-2007/ ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) George Bernard Show (b) Ernest Hemisgway
(c) Leo Tolstoy (d) Anne Frank Ans. c
38. The central idea of 'Under the greenwood tree' is that:
[RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12] Ans. d
(a) life in the forest is dangerous (b) urban life is disgusting
(c) we all should live simple life (d) life in nature is simple and free
39. In 'Under the greenwood tree' which of the following is
mentioned as an 'enemy'? [RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2011-12]
(a) nature (b) forest (c) sun (d) a big tree Ans. b
40. The Return of the native is written by--
[cvmcvU I BwgMkb Awa`ii mnKvix cwiPvjK-2007]
(a) Aldus Huxley (b) Alexander Dumas
(c) Somerset Maugham (d) Thomas Hardy Ans. d
41. 'Sherlock Holmes' was written by--- [Bmjvgx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2010-11]
(a) G. K. Cheslerton (b) Macbeth
(c) John Galsworthy (d) Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Ans. d
42. Who created the detective 'Sherlock Holmes'? [kg Awa`ii kg KgKZv
Ges RbmsLv I cwieviKjvY KgKZv- 2003]
(a) John Gay (b) W. B Somerset Maugham
(c) Sir A Conan Doyle (d) Dylan Thomas Ans. C
43. 'Govt. of the people, by the people for the people' was observed by-
[5g weRGm (mnKvix RR) cv_wgK cixv-2010]
(a) Abraham Lincoln (b) Clinton
(c) M. K. Gandhi (d) Yasir Arafat Ans. a
44. 'You may fool some of the people some of the time; you can
even fool some of the people all the time, but you can't fool all
the people all time' was stated by-- [mve iwRvi 2001]
(a) George Washington (b) V. V. I Lenin
(c) Abraham Lincoln (d) Churchill Ans. c
45. 'Give me good mothers, I will give you a good nation' was the
observation of- [Uwjdvb evWi mnKvix cwiPvjK/ wnmve iY KgKZv- 2004]
(a) Hitler (b) Abraham Lincoln
(d) Napoleon (d) Sheikh Mojib Ans. c
46. Who is not Poet Laureate?
(a) Alfred Tennyson (b) William Wordsworth
(c) Robert Browning (d) Edmund Spenser Ans. c
136 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
AvaywbK hyM AbK ewk jLK _vKvq wkv_x`i myweav_ jL`i bvg
eYgvbymvi mvRvbv nqQ|
140 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
v b
Famous novels:
(i) Animal Farm
GwU mvwfqZ weivax icKvkqx Dcbvm| G M Avgv`i mgKvjxb ivRbwZK I mvgvwRK
cwiekK we`~cvZK fwZ cKvwnbxi icK (Allegory) Dcvcb Kiv nqQ|
(ii) Nineteen Eighty Four
wZwb K&
KgKv h Y
- Q Big Brother
ej |
( DcwiD e
(iii) Homage to Catalonia
(iv) The Road to Wigan Pier
Famous essay: Shooting an Elephant
Books:
gb ivLyb:
(i) The Road to Freedom ivwkqvi jLK Boris
(ii) Nausea [bvwmqv: ewg-ewg fve] Pestarnak I 1958
mvj mvwnZ Nobel
(iii) Age of Reason cyivi miKvii Pvc
(iv) Iron in the Soul cZvLvb KiwQjb|
Zvi M:
(i) Dr. Zivago
64. James Joyce: (1882-1941) (ii) Blind Beauty
Avqvijvi weLvZ JcbvwmK I Kwe
wZwb mvwnZ Stream of Consciousness (PZbvi Atkxj cevn) UKwbK
ceZbi Rb weLvZ
Famous Books:
(i) Exiles (bvUK, 1918)
(ii) Ulysses (Dcbvm, 1922)
( nvgvii IWwm Aej^b jLv GB DcbvmwUK
MY wK c c K b
cY Ze BDwjwmm
(Ulysses) bvg Uwbmbi GKwU weLvZ KweZv iqQ)
(iii) A Potrait of the Artist as a Young Man (c_g Dcbvm)
(iv) Dubliners (Wvewjbvim, QvUM msKjb)
65. Jane Taylor:
Famous poem: Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
Zvi Rbw`b 2 AveiK AvRvwZK Awnsm w`em wnme NvlYv Kiv nqQ|
AmnhvM Av`vjbi mgq wZwb wewUk miKvi c` Kvqmvi-B-wn` Dcvwa
cZvLvb Kib|
DBbb PvwPj gnvZv MvxK Half Nacked Indian Fakir ejwQjb|
wZwb `wY AvwdKvi `v wbKj cwKvwU mv`bv KiZb|
Zvi Rxeb Kvwnbx wbq wbwgZ wekweLvZ PjwP ` Mvx cwiPvjbv Kib
Richard Samuel Attenborough
Zvi weLvZ M: The Story of My Experiment with Truth
30 Rvbyqvix 1948 mvj AvZZvqx b_yivg MWm KZK wZwb wbnZ nb|
DjL, Uncle Toms Cabin Dcbvmi Ab bvg Life Among the Lowly;
GwU 19th century Gi best selling Dcbvm| cKvki ci c_g eQi ay USA
ZB GwU wZb jvL Kwc weq nq|
Famous Books :
(i) Vision of the Past
(ii) The Captive Lady
87. Nathaniel Hawthorne: (18041864)
bv_vwbqj n_b
American Novelist
Famous novels:
(i) The Scarlet Letter
(jvj eYi A letter wbq) Nathaniel Hawthorne
93. O Henry:
Real Name : William Sidney Porter
He was an American short story writer
Famous short stories:
The Gift of the Magi (gvRvB)
Sixes and Sevens
Roads of Destiny William Sidney Porter
[Ze Man of Destiny (play) wjLQb G.B. Shaw]
Cabbage and Kings
The Four Million
The Voice of the City
The Ransom of the Red Chief
Hearts and Hands
Heart of the West
[Ze The Heart of Darkness (novel) wjLQb Joseph Conrad Ges
The Tell Tale Heart wjLQb Edgar Allan Poe]
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 171
(ii) Endgame
(iii) Murphy
[Becketts first published novel is an absurdist masterpiece, a
showcase for his uniquely comic voice.]
(iv) The Unnamable
(v) Breathe [The shortest dramatist work of Beckett]
(vi) Catastrophe
(vii) More Pricks than Kicks (a short story collection)
weLvZ Dw: Nothing to be done.
114. Selma Lagerlof: (mjgv jMid)
wZwb mvwnZ bvej cvIqv c_g bvix mvwnwZK| wZwb myBwWk fvlvq
wjLZb| wZwb 1909 mvj bvej cyivi jvf Kib|
115. Samuel Huntington: (nvwUsUb; April 18, 1927 December 24, 2008)
He was an influential American conservative political scientist,
adviser and academic.
He spent more than half a century
at Harvard University.
Zvi weLvZ ceM:
The Clash of the Civilization: The Next Pattern of Conflict
[1993 mvj cKvwkZ GB ce nvwUsUb fwelZ mvZwU mfZvi i K_v
ejQb| vqyhyvi wek mfZvi msNvZ (Clash of Civilization) ne ej
wZwb gb Kib|]
116. Salvador Dali: (1904-1989)
A prominent Spanish surrealist painter
vbxq cieveev`x wPKi
wPKg:
The Persistence of Memory
(` cviwmmU Ae gvgix)
The Elephants
Crucifixion
178 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Novel:
(i) Les Miserable (jv wgRviej)
(ii) The Hunchback of Notre - Dame
Famous quote-
Men are the womens playthings
But women are devils'.
gb ivLyb:
The Death of the Hired Man (poem): wjLQb Robert Frost
Death of a Salesman (play): wjLQb Arthur Miller
Previous Questions
The Modern & The Post Modern Periods
01. 'Caesar and Cleopatra' is -- [12Zg wewmGm/ miKvwi gvawgK mn wkK-2011]
(a) a tragedy by Shakespeare (b) a play By G.B Shaw
(c) a poem by lord Byron (d) a novel by S.T. Coleridge Ans. b
02. Who among the following is a dramatist? [cevmx KjvY mn cwi- 2012]
(a) George Bernard Shaw (b) E. M. Forster
(c) T. S. Eliot (d) Stephen Spender Ans. a
03. George Bernard Shaw is--- [ciiv gYvjqi Aaxb ckvmwbK KgKZv- 2001]
(a) a playwright (b) a film-maker
(c) a historian (d) a modern painter Ans. a
04. Who is the author of the drama 'Joan of Arc?' [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ
cixv- 2009-10/ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-11]
(a) G. B. Shaw (b) Lord Byron
(c) Charles Dickens (d) P. B. Shelly Ans. a
05. 'Man and Superman' eBwU Kvi jLv [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjq: 2010-11]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) G. B Shaw
(c) Leo Tolstoy (d) Gharles Dickens Ans. b
06. Who is the greatest English dramatist? [12Zg wewmGm]
(a) P. B. Shelley (b) Virginia Wolff
(c) G. B. Shaw (d) T. S. Eliot Ans. c
07. Who is the modern philosopher who was awarded Nobel Prize
for literature? [12Zg wewmGm]
(a) James Baker (b) Dr. Kissinger
(c) Bertrand Russell (d) Lenin Ans. c
08. Bertrand Russell was a British--- [kg Awa`i kg KgKZv -2003]
(a) Journalist (b) Scientist
(c) Philosopher (d) Astronaut Ans. c
09. The author of 'Road to Freedom' is- [mvbvjx, RbZv I AMYx evsK-2008]
(a) James Baker (b) Dr. Kissinger
(c) Bertrand Russell (d) Lenin Ans. c
10. History of the II world war is written by-- [_vbv wkv Awdmvi- 2005]
(a) Keats (b) Winston Churchill
(c) Clinton (d) None of them Ans. b
11. Who wrote the short story 'The Gift of the Magi'?
(a) William Wordsworth (b) Nixon
(c) Jane Austen (d) O' Henry Ans. d
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 193
12. O' Henry is famous for- [kg I Kgmsvb gYvjqi Aaxb mnKvix kg Awdmvi- 2003]
(a) Drama (b) Short Story (c) Novel (d) France Ans. b
13. Who was the greatest modern American short story writer?
(a) E. Hemingway (b) S. Bellow
(c) W. A Longfellow (d) O' Henry Ans. d
14. Who wrote the Introduction to Rabindranath Tagore's Songs
Offerings? [mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi-2014]
(a) T. S Eliot (b) Auden (c) Ezra Found (d) W. B Yeats Ans. d
15. Famous Irish poet and dramatist is---- [Mnvqb I MYc~Z gYvjqi Avevmb
cwi`ii mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2006/ Kviv ZveavqK (^iv gYvjq) cixv- 2010]
(a) H. G. Wells (b) Alexander (c) Tolstoy (d) W. B. Yeats Ans. d
16. Who translated 'Gitanjoli' of Rabindranath Tagore in English?
[kg I Kgmsvb gbvjqi Aaxb gwWKvj Awdmvi- 2003]
(a) W. B. Yeats (b) John Keats
(c) Robert Frost (d) Ralph Hodgson Ans. a
17. 'The Sacred Flame' is written by--- [wcGmwmi mnKvix cwiPvjK 2006]
(a) William Somerset Maugham (b) G B Shaw
(c) Ernest Hemingway (d) Oscar Wilde Ans. a
18. Who is the author of the book 'Of Human Bondage'?
(a) Charles Dickens (b) Somerset Maugham
(c) Jane Austen (d) D. H. Lawrence Ans. b
19. What kind of literary work is The Luncheon by Somerset
Maugham? [Rjv `ybxwZ `gb Awdmvi c` wbevPbx cixv- 1994]
(a) A novel (b) A short story
(c) A poem (d) A scientific article Ans. b
20. What is the work of Winston Churchill? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ - 2011-12]
(a) History of the Second World War
(b) History of the English Speaking People
(c) Life in Marlborough
(d) Far from the Madding Crowd Ans. a
21. In which year Winston Churchill got the Novel prize in
literature? [Rjv `ybxwZ `gb Awdmvi c` wbevPbx cixv- 1994]
(a) 1943 (b) 1945 (c) 1948 (d) 1953 Ans. d
22. Who was a statesman but awarded Nobel Prize in English Literature?
(a) Stalin (b) Nixon (c) Churchill (d) Roosevelt Ans. c
23. What was the real name of the great American short-story
writer, 'O Henry'? [13Zg wewmGm]
(a) Samuel L. Clemens (b) William Sydney Porter
(c) Fitz-James O Brien (d) William Huntington Wright Ans. b
194 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
24. One of the four mentioned below is not a novelist of Victorian Age-
(a) Charles Dickens (b) George Eliot
(c) James Joyce (d) Thomas Hardy Ans.c
25. What was the first novel of Virginia Woolf? [miKvwi gva we`v wkK- 2009]
(a) The Waves (b) To the light house
(c) The voyage out (d) Jacob's Room Ans. c
26. 'To the light house' eBwUi iPwqZv K?
(a) Jane Austen (b) Shakespeare
(c) S. T. Coleridge (d) Virginia Woolf Ans. d
27. 'The Rainbow' is---. [13Zg wewmGm]
(a) a poem by Wordsworth (b) a short story by Maugham
(c) a novel by D. H. Lawrence (d) a verse by Coleridge Ans. c
28. 'Lady Chatterley's Lover' is a novel written by- [cwZiv gYvjqi
Aaxb AvenvIqv Awa`ii mnKvix AvenvIqvwe`-2007/ ciiv gYvjqi mvBdi Awdmvi- 2012]
(a) William Somerset Maugham (b) Thomas Hardy
(c) Charles Dickens (d) D. H. Lawrence Ans. d
29. The most striking feature of D.H. Lawrence's character is that-
(a) they almost portray himself (b) they live a very simple life
(c) they live a very simple life (d) they are sly of themselves Ans. a
30. D. H. Lawrence a famous novelist of Modern Age is not the author of
one of the four novels mentioned below : [wcGmwm mn-cwiPvjK 1998]
(a) The Rainbow (b) Lady Chatterley's Lover
(c) Sons and Lovers (d) Ulysses Ans. d
31. Any one of the following pairs is literary collaborators- [17Zg wewmGm]
(a) Eliot and Pound (b) Yeats and Eliot
(c) Pope and Dryden (d) Shelley and Keats Ans. a
32. T. S. Eliot was born in----
(a) Ireland (b) England (c) Wales (d) USA Ans. d
33. The literary work 'The Waste Land' is a- [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ -2011-12]
(a) poem by T.S Eliot (b) historical work by Charles Dickens
(c) play by P.B. Shelley (d) None Ans. a
34. In which poem do you find Hindu allusion of philosophy?
(a) Kubla Khan (b) The Patriot
(c) The Waste Land (d) The Cloud Ans. c
35. Who wrote 'The waste Land'? [Rbkw Kgmsvb I cwkY eyivi Dc-cwiPvjK- 2007]
(a) W. B. Yeats (b) Robert Forst
(c) W. H. Auden (d) T. S. Eliot Ans. d
36. According to most of the critics who is not a romantic poet?
(a) John Keats (b) T. S. Eliot
(c) Rabindranath Tagore (d) William Wordsworth Ans. b
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 195
37. 'Murder in the Cathedral' is written by--- [vY I cybevmb Awa -2006]
(a) Harold Pinter (b) T. S Eliot
(c) G. B. Shaw (d) Samuel Beckett Ans. b
38. Who is famous for the theory of 'Objective Co-relative'?
(a) Virginia Woolf (b) William Somerset Maugham
(c) Edward Morgan Forster (d) T. S Eliot Ans. d
39. Who of the following was a poet? [WvK I Uwj. gYvjq- 2003]
(a) T. S Eliot (b) Charles Dickens
(c) Jane Austen (d) G. B Shaw Ans. a
40. T. S. Eliot is an English poet who is famous for the
sensuousness. What do. T. S stand for? [gva. mn cavb wkK c-03]
(a) Thomas Stearns (b) Thompson Simson
(c) Thomas Stewart (d) Thomas Stephen Ans. a
41. T. S Eliot is a---- poet. [mve iwRvi c` wbevPbx cixv-2001]
(a) Romantic (b) Victorian
(c) Modern (d) Post-modern Ans. c
42. 'The Waste Land' is- [cv_wgK we`vjq mnKvix wkK wbqvM cixv- 1992]
(a) a drama (b) a poem (c) a novel (d) an essay Ans. b
43. A Russian author who refused Nobel Prize [^iv gYvjqi Kviv ZveavqK- 2010]
(a) Maxim Gorky (b) Ruskin
(c) Alexander Solzhenitsyn (d) Boris Pasternak Ans. d
44. Dr. Zivago- eBqi jLKi bvg KvbwU? [cavbgx Kvhvjq cvmvbvj Awdmvi- 2004]
(a) Boris Pasternak (b) Leo Tolstoy
(c) Rabindranath Tagore (d) Dante Ans. a
45. 'The Good Earth' has been written by-[evsjv`k ijIq mnKvix KgvU- 2007]
(a) Viginia Wolff (b) George Eliot
(c) Charles (d) Pearl S. Buck Ans. d
46. Who is the author of 'For Whom the Bell Tolls'? [11Zg wewmGm]
(a) Charles Dickens (b) Homer
(c) Lord Tennyson (d) Ernest Hemingway Ans. d
47. American female novelist Pearl S. Buck got Nobel Prize in 1938
for the book--- [cavbgxi Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv- 2004]
(a) The Good Earth (b) House Divided
(c) The Patriot (d) De Cameron Ans. a
48. Nobel Prize winner American woman novelist is- [Z_ g. 2006]
(a) Bronte (b) Austen (c) Woolf (d) Pearl S. Buck Ans. d
49. "Into the ___ of death rode the six hundred".
(a) city (b) tunnel (c) road (d) valley Ans. d
196 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
63. Who Wrote 'The Birthday Party'? [Lyjbv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2009-10]
(a) James Joyce (b) G. B. Shaw
(c) Harold Pinter (d) Jane Austen Ans. c
64. Who authored that statement "Injustice anywhere is a threat
to justice everywhere"? [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2012-13]
(a) Harold Laski (b) Martin Luther King
(c) Tocqueville (d) Abraham Lincoln Ans. b
65. "I have a ___ that one day this nation will live out the true
meaning of its creed that all man are created equal." [29Zg wewmGm]
(a) desire (b) hope (c) dream (d) wish Ans. c
66. Who is the author of 'The Old Man and the Sea'?
[kg Awa`i kg Awdmvi 1994/ewikvj wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv- 2010-2011]
(a) H. Melvile (b) George Orwell
(c) Charles Dickens (d) E. Hemingway Ans. d
67. Who is the author of the novel 'The Sun also Rises'?
[mvbvjx evsK wmwbqi Awdmvi- 2010]
(a) H. G. Wells (b) George Orwell
(c) Ernest Hemingway (d) Thomas Hardy Ans. c
68. Nobel Prize winner in literature 'Harold Pinter' is from- [cwiKbv
Ges cevmx KjvY I e`wkK Kgmsvb gYvjqi mnKvix cwiPvjK- 2006]
(a) Us (b) Australia (c) UK (d) Canada Ans. c
69. "Justice delayed is justice denied" was state by___ [11Zg wewmGm]
(a) Shakespeare (b) Emerson
(c) Gladstone (d) John Keats Ans. C
70. 'But I have promises to keep
And miles to go before I sleep'- was written by- [Dc-mnKvix
cwiPvjK(kg) c` wbqvM cixv- 2001]
(a) T. S Eliot (b) W. B
(c) Robert Frost (d) Ted Huges Ans. c
71. Who authored the statement 'The government is the best which
governs least'?
(a) Hobart Spancer (b) Harold Laski
(c) Tocqueville (d) Henry David Thoreau Ans. d
72. Who said 'Man is a political animal'? [PMvg wekwe`vjq fwZ - 2011-2012]
(a) Dante (b) Aristotle (c) Voltaire (d) Plato Ans. b
73. Whose dying words were, 'Crito, I owe a cock to Ascleping;
will you remember to the debt?' [DcRjv mgvRmev Awdmvi- 2008]
(a) Aristotle (b) Tules
(c) Socretes (d) Robert Louis Strvenson Ans. c
198 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
153. Who is the author of the drama, You never can tell [RvZxq msm`
mwePvjq mnKvix MelYv Awdmvi- 2006]
(a) William Shakespeare (b) George Bernard Shaw
(c) Christopher Marlowe (d) Ben Jonson Ans. b
154. 'A Brief History of Time' eBwUi jLK [kg Awa`i Rbkw, Kgmsvb I
cwkY eyiv mnKvix cwiPvjK c` wbqvM-2001]
(a) AvjevU AvBbvBb (b) AvBRvK wbDUb
(c) RM`xk P` emy (d) wdb nwKs Ans. d
155. 'The End of History and the Last Man' [mve iwRvi-2001]
(a) Samuel Huntington (b) Robert Frost
(c) David Lynn (d) M. Francis Fukuyama Ans. a
156. Author of 'The Time Machine' is [mnKvix cwiPvjK (cvmcvU Av BwgMkb)
c` wbqvM cixv-2000]
(a) T.S. Eliot (b) Kyd (c) Robert Herrick (d) H.G. Wells Ans. d
157. Point Counterpoint- Gi jLK K? [gv`K`e wbqY Awa`i mn. cwi.-2000]
(a) C. Bronte (b) H.G. Wells (c) Galsworthy (d) Huxley Ans. d
158. Uncle Tom's Cabin-Gi jLK K? [mnKvix _vbv cwievi cwiKbv Awdmvi-1998]
(a) Tennyson (b) Pearl S. Buck
(c) Mrs. Harriet Stowe (d) Thomas Hardy Ans. c
159. 'Time, You Old Gipsy Man' KweZvwU Kvi jLv? [mnKvix cwimsLvb KgKZv
wZxq kYxic` wbqvM cixv-1998]
(a) Ralph Hodgson (b) Laurence Binya
(c) W.B. Keats (d) Robert Frost Ans. a
160. The God of Small Things is written by
[cavbgxi Kvhvjq I gwcwil` Kvhvjq ckvmwbK KgKZv-2004]
(a) Vikram Seth (b) John Galsworthy
(c) Aroundhuti Roy (d) E.M. Forster Ans. c
161. Who was the tutor of Alexander the Great [DcRjv m. Awdmvi-2008]
(a) Aristotle (b) Socrates (c) Galileo (d) Sophocles Ans. a
162. Guy de Maupassant is a famous short story writer.
[evsjv`k ijIq mnKvix KgvU-2007]
(a) French (b) Italian (c) German (d) Russian Ans. a
163. Brick Lane is Written by [evsjv`k ijIq mnKvix KgvU- 2007]
(a) Monica Ali (b) R. K. Narayan
(c) Harold Pinter (d) Elizabeth Bowen Ans. a
164. Alice in the Wonderland belongs to [cvmcvU Awdm mn. cwiPvjK-2007]
(a) Detective literature (b) Satirical Literature
(c) Juvenile Literature (d) Religious Literature Ans. c
206 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
177. Someone who writes plays is called a [cwiek Awa. mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) play writer (b) dramatizer (c) playwright (d) playwrite Ans. c
178. A work which has a meaning behind the surface meaning is
[^iv gYvjqi Aaxb ewnivMgb I cvmcvU Awa`ii mnKvix cwiPvjK-2011]
(a) an epic (b) an allegory (c) a metaphor (d) personification Ans. b
179. The sentence, 'Death, thou shalt not die.' is an example of
[XvKv wekwe`vjq fwZ cixv-2007-2008]
(a) Simile (b) metaphor (c) irony (d) paradox Ans. d
180. Writing one's own life story is known as [mnKvix AvevIqvwe`-2007]
(a) Biography (b) Autobiography
(c) Autography (d) Life history Ans. b
181. When a person writes the story of his own life it is called [Lv`
I `~hvM eevcbv gYvjqi Aaxb vY I cybevmb Awa`ii cK evevqb KgKZv-2006]
(a) an autobiography (b) a biography
(c) a diary (d) a chronology Ans. a
182. Protagonist indicates [`ybxwZ `gb eyivi mnKvix Dc-cwi`kK c` wbqvM cixv-
2004/wcGmwmi mnKvix cwiPvjK Ges cvmcvU Av BwgMkb mnKvix cwiPvjK-2006]
(a) the villain in a play
(b) the clown in a play
(c) the leading character or actor in a play
(d) the stage-director of a play Ans. c
183. What is 'Sonnet'? [Uwjdvb evWi mnKvix cwiPvjK/wnmveiY KgKZv-2004]
(a) A prose of special nature (b) A sacred poem of reputed poet
(c) A poem of fourteen lines (d) A criticism of a poet Ans. c
184. A sonnet is a poem having lines. [mve-iwRvi c` wbevPbx cixv-2004]
(a) sixteen (b) ten (c) twelve (d) fourteen Ans. d
185. What is 'Linguistics' [_vbv wkv Awdmvi-2005]
(a) The study of history (b) The study of literature
(c) The scientific study of language (d) The study of prose Ans. c
186. Elegy wK? [cv_wgK I MYwkv Awa`i mn-cwiPvjK-2001]
(a) historical poem (b) figurative story
(c) enemy (d) song of Lamentation Ans. d
187. What is an epic wK? [cv_wgK gvawgK we`vjq cavb wkK wbqvM cixv-1997]
(a) a prose composition (b) a romance
(c) a sonnet (d) a long poem Ans. d
188. What is the meaning the word 'Dirge'? [_vbv mnKvix wkv Awdmvi wbqvM cixv-1995]
(a) a kind of sonnet sequence
(b) a song expressing patriotic sentiment
(c) a long verse telling about an adventure
208 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
1. Alliteration (Abycvm)
The repetition of an initial consonant sound. The repetition can be
put side by side. (GKB awb ev awbQi cybtcybt webvmK Abycvm ej| Abycv m
mvaviYZ ki c_g, gvS I kl _vK|) hgb-
"sleepy sun sank slowly over the sea"
KvK Kvjv, KvwKj Kvjv, Kvjv Kbvi Kk|
But a better butter makes a batter better.
A big bully beats a baby boy.
Pzj Zvi KeKvi AKvi wew`kvi wbkv|
- Rxebvb` `vm|
Ii wen, Ii wen gvi,
GLb A, e Kiv bv cvLv| - iex`bv_ VvKzi|
5. Anaphora
The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of
successive clauses or verses. hgb-
Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and
better
My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my
inspiration.
I want my money right now, right here, all right?
D`vniY # 1
Alexander Pope in his An Essay on Criticism says:
To err is human; to forgive divine.
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 217
D`vniY # 2
The opening lines of Charles Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities
provides an unforgettable antithesis example:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age
of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it
was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season
of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we
had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going
direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.
(we.`. 35Zg wewmGm wjwLZ cixvq GB AskUzKzi BsiwR _K evsjvq Abyev` GmwQjv)
D`vniY # 3
In Shakespeares Julius Caesar we notice antithesis in
characters of Mark Antony and Marcus Brutus. Brutus is portrayed
as a noblest of Romans close to Caesar and a person who loved Rome
and Caesar. Antony, on the contrary, is shown as a man with evil
intentions of harming Caesar and taking charge of Rome. These
antithetical characters highlight the conflict in the play.
D`vniY # 4
John Milton in Paradise Lost says:
Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heavn.
8. Assonance (^ivbycvm)
The same vowel sound of the short vowel -e- repeats itself in
almost all the words excluding the definite article. The words do share
the same vowel sounds but start with different consonant sounds unlike
alliteration that involves repetition of the same consonant sounds. Below
are a few assonance examples that are more common.
218 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
D`vniY #3
His time a moment, and a point his space.
(Alexander Pope, Essay on Man)
D`vniY #5
Do I love you because youre beautiful?
Or are you beautiful because I love you? (Oscar Hammerstein, Do I
Love You Because Youre Beautiful?)
D`vniY #6
In his face. Divine compassion visibly appeered,
Love without end, and without measure Grace (John Milton, Paradise Lost)
15. Elegy (GwjwR ev kvKMxwZ)
g~j wMK k Elegeia Gi A_ njv lament, e`bvi AvwZ| GB k _K
Elegy ki Drcw| Elegia ev Elegos Kej kvK A_ evSvZ eeZ nZv bv|
cvPxb wMK Ges jvwUb mvwnZ GwjwRqvK (Elegiac) bvg 6+5 gvvq iwPZ GK aibi
KweZv cPwjZ wQj| mgqi weeZb GwjwR ejZ GLb Kej kvK KweZvKB evSvq| G
ixwZi KweZvq Kwei ewMZ kvK wekl aibi kvK KweZv|
S. T. Coleridge Gi gZ,
Elegy is a form of poetry natural to the reflective mind. It may
treat of any subject, but it must treat of no subject for itself; but always
and exclusively with reference to the poet. As he will feel regret for the
past or desire for the future, so sorrow and love became the principal themes
of the elegy. Elegy presents every thing as lost and gone or absent and
future.
222 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Here, the expression making the beast with two backs refers to the act
of having sex.
D`vniY #3
The Squealer, a character in George Orwells Animal
Farm, uses euphemisms to help the pigs achieve their political ends.
To announce the reduction of food to the animals of the farm, Orwell
quotes him saying:
For the time being, he explains, it had been found necessary to
make a readjustment of rations.
Substituting the word reduction with readjustment was an attempt
to suppress the complaints of other animals about hunger. It works because
reduction means cutting food supply while readjustment implies changing the
current amount of food.
D`vniY #1
Go ask his name: if he be married.
My grave is like to be my wedding bed.
(Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Act I, Scene V.)
Juliet commands her nurse to find out who Romeo was and says if he were
married, then her wedding bed would be her grave. It is a verbal irony because
the audience knows that she is going to die on her wedding bed.
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 225
D`vniY #2
In the English drama King Lear written by Shakespeare,
King Lear banished his youngest daughter Cordelia from his
Kingdom; but in the end, she became her only shelter.
D`vniY #3
Irony examples are not only found in stage plays but in poems too. In his
poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Coleridge wrote:
Water, water, everywhere,
And all the boards did shrink;
Water, water, everywhere,
Nor any drop to drink.
19. Litotes (GK RvZxq A_vjvi hvZ bT_K ki mvnvh Zvi wecixZ
m`_K fvewUKB Rvivjvfve cKvk Kiv nq)
A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in
which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. Litotes,
derived from a Greek word meaning simple, is a figure of speech
which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other
words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite
expressions.
A few examples of litotes from daily conversations:
They do not seem the happiest couple around.
The ice cream was not too bad.
New York is not an ordinary city.
I cannot disagree with your point of view.
William Shakespeare was not a bad playwright at all.
He is not the cleverest person I have ever met.
She is not unlike her mother.
A million dollars is not a little amount.
You are not doing badly at all.
Your apartment is not unclean.
Examples of Litotes from Literature:
D`vniY #1
I am not unaware how the productions of the Grub Street brotherhood
have of late years fallen under many prejudices.
(Jonathan Swift, A Tale of a Tub)
226 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
D`vniY #2
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what Ive tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if I had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
Fire and Ice by Robert Frost
20. Limerick (gRv`vi Qov)
It is a humorous verse of three long and two short lines rhyming aabba.
The third and fourth lines are usually shorter than the other three. GK
K_vq, Limerick is a funny poem of five lines.
GKwU Limerick Gi D`vniY:
The limericks an art form complex
Whose contents run chiefly to sex;
Its famous for virgins
And masculine urgins
And vulgar erotic effects.
21. Lyric (MxwZ KweZv)
A short poem with a song-like quality, or designed to be set to music;
often conveying feelings, emotions, or personal thoughts. Lyric poetry
is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings,
typically spoken in the first person. cvPxb hyM, exYvev`bi m cwiewkZ Mvb K
wjwiK ejv nZ|
22. Metaphor (`v/icKvjvi)
An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually
have something important in common. (hgb- "the curtain of night" or "all
the world's a stage.") A metaphor is a word or phrase that is used to make
a comparison between two people, things, animals, or places. They can
be very helpful for kids who are learning the meaning of specific words
because they provide a more visual description of the word or thought.
h_v, hic, hgb cfwZ DcgvevPK ki cqvM bv Ki Ges Dfqi ga mvaviY Yi
DjL bv Ki, mgvb aghy `yB ei mv`k c`kbB Metaphor/`v| hgb:
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 227
He is a night owl.
Maria is a chicken.
Her teddy bear was her best friend, never telling her secrets.
The peaceful lake was a mirror.
Terry was blue when his goldfish died.
The wind was an angry witch.
The ballerina was a swan, gliding across the stage.
Her angry words were bullets to him.
Your brain is a computer.
Jamal was a pig at dinner.
You are my sunshine.
The car was a furnace in the sun.
Thank you so much. You are an angel.
That coach is an ogre.
Bens temper was a volcano, ready to explode.
The kids were monkeys on the jungle gym.
The sun is a golden ball.
The clouds are balls of cotton.
Sues room is a zoo with fish, a gerbil and a parakeet.
The stars are sparkling diamonds.
Those two best friends are two peas in a pod.
He is a walking dictionary.
Donations for the popular charity were a tsunami.
Necessity is the mother of invention.
My big brother is a couch potato.
The road was a ribbon stretching across the desert.
The teenagers stomach was a bottomless pit.
The thunder was a mighty lion.
I am so excited. My pulse is a race car.
The moon is a white balloon.
The stormy ocean was a raging bull.
Her tears were a river flowing down her cheeks.
D`vniY #1
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.
(Shakespeares Julies Caesar Act I.)
Mark Anthony uses ears to say that he wants the people present there to listen
to him attentively. It is a metonymy because the word ears replaces the
concept of attention.
230 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
D`vniY #2
As he swung toward them holding up the hand
Half in appeal, but half as if to keep
The life from spilling.
(From Out, Out by Robert Frost)
In these lines, the expression The life from spilling is a metonymy that refers
to spilling of blood. It develops a link between life and blood. The loss of too
much blood means loss of life.
D`vniY # 3
But now my oat proceeds,
And listens to the herald of the sea
That came in Neptunes plea,
He asked the waves, and asked the felon winds,
What hard mishap hath doomed this gentle swain?
(from Lycidas written by John Milton)
In the above-mentioned lines, John Milton uses oat for a musical instrument
made out of an oak-stalk. Thus, oat represents the song that the poet is
composing next to the ocean.
36. Juan had a hard time hearing the teacher over his grumbling
stomach.
37. When Mom asked Tommy how his day went, Tommy just grunted.
38. Vince gulped down the Mountain Dew.
39. The patient sounded like he was hacking up a lung.
40. If you have the hiccups, you should try drink a glass of water.
41. The snake slithered and hissed.
42. If you see anyone coming, honk your horn.
43. The wolves howled at the moon.
44. The new pencil sharpener hummed efficiently.
45. They knew that the principal was coming because they heard the
jingle of his keys.
46. Someone is knocking on the door.
47. That cat will keep meowing until you pet it.
48. John was disturbed by the strange moaning.
49. The cow aggressively mooed at the passing freight train.
50. Janet murmured the answer under her breath.
51. While lounging in the slop pile, the pigs oinked excitedly.
52. The hail pattered on the tin gutter.
53. When he saw the cheese, the mouse could not help but to
peep excitedly.
54. The lunch lady plopped a scoop of something on Kristens tray.
55. Billy will cry if you pop his balloon.
56. After eating the knight, the dragon let out a puff of smoke.
57. Most cats purr if you pet them behind the ears.
58. The kind man shared his bread with the quacking ducks.
59. My favorite singers have raspy voices.
60. Tim would have stepped on the snake had he not heard the rattle of
its tail.
61. The race-car driver revved his engine.
62. Our peaceful dinner ended when the phone began ringing.
63. I secretly ripped up the birthday checks that my grandmother sent me.
64. The lions mighty roar could be heard across the Savannah.
65. The earthquake rumbled the foundations of our house.
66. When the wind blew the leaves rustled.
67. He took off so quickly that his tires screeched.
68. When Reuben saw what he thought was a ghost, he shrieked like a
woman.
69. I love the sound of bacon sizzling on a weekend.
70. You could hear the slap echo across the valley.
71. The thirsty dog slurped the dirty water from the puddle.
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 233
Small crowd
Dark light
Light darkness
Dark snow
Open secret
Passive aggressive
Appear invisible
Awfully lucky
Awfully pretty
Big baby
Tiny elephant
Wake up dead
Goodbye reception
Growing smaller
Least favorite
True myth
Typically weird
Typically odd
Naturally strange
Weirdly normal
Unpopular celebrity
Worthless gold
Sad joy
Liquid food
Heavy diet
Noticeable absence
Quiet presence
Short wait
Sweet agony
Oxymorn Gi D`vniYt
"I can resist anything, except temptation." - Oscar Wilde
"I like a smuggler. He is the only honest thief." - Charles Lamb
"And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true." - Alfred Tennyson
"Modern dancing is so old fashioned." - Samuel Goldwyn
"A business that makes nothing but money is a poor business." -
Henry Ford
"I am busy doing nothing." - Oxymorons
"A little pain never hurt anyone." - Word Explorations
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 235
Paradox Gi D`vniYt
There is no one so poor as a wealthy miser.
I'm nobody.
"What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young." - George
Bernard Shaw
Wise fool
Bittersweet
"I can resist anything but temptation."-Oscar Wilde
I'm a compulsive liar- am I lying when I say that?
A rich man is no richer than a poor man.
Nobody goes to that restaurant because it is too crowded.
You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.
If you didn't get this message, call me.
The person who wrote something so stupid can't write at all
Men work together whether they work together or apart. - Robert Frost
Be cruel to be kind
The beginning of the end
mvwnZ Paradox Gi D`vniY:
D`vniY #1
In George Orwell's Animal Farm, the words "All animals are equal,
but some are more equal than others" are part of the cardinal rules.
Clearly this statement does not make logical sense. However, the point of
a paradox is to point out a truth, even if the statements contradict each
other.
Orwell is trying to make some sort of political statement here. Perhaps it is that
the government claims that everyone is equal when that is clearly false, or
perhaps it is that individuals have skewed perceptions of what it means to be
equal. The interpretation is up to the reader to decide.
D`vniY #2
In Shakespeare's Hamlet, the title character states "I must be cruel to be
kind." On the surface, once again, this statement does not seem to make
much sense. Can an individual convey kindness through evil?
However, Hamlet is speaking about his mother, and how he plans to ultimately
slay Claudius in order to avenge his father's death. His mother is now married to
Claudius, so of course this will be a tragedy for her. However, he does not want
his mother to be the lover of his father's murderer (unbeknownst to her) any
longer, and so he believes the murder will be for her own good.
238 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Personification in Advertising
Oreo: Milk's favorite cookie
Nothing hugs like Huggies - Huggies diapers
Goldfish - The snack that smiles back - Goldfish snack crackers
Kleenex says bless you - Kleenex facial tissues
The car that cares - Kia
Unwrap a smile - Little Debbie snack cakes
Carvel - It's what happy tastes like - Carvel ice cream
mvwnZ Personification Gi D`vniYt
D`vniY #1
Taken from Act I, Scene II of Romeo and Juliet,
When well-appareled April on the heel
Of limping winter treads.
There are two personification examples here. April cannot put on a dress, and
winter does not limp and it does not have a heel on which a month can walk.
Shakespeare personifies the month of April and the winter season by giving
them two distinct human qualities.
D`vniY #2
Emily Elizabeth Dickinson employs personification in her poem Have
You Got A Brook In Your Little Heart.
Have you got a brook in your little heart,
Where bashful flowers blow,
And blushing birds go down to drink,
And shadows tremble so?
The bashful flowers, blushing birds and trembling shadows are examples of
personification.
D`vniY #3
Katherine Mansfield wrote in her short story How Pearl Button Was
Kidnapped,
Pearl Button swung on the little gate in front of the House of Boxes. It
was the early afternoon of a sunshiny day with little winds playing hide-
and-seek in it.
It personifies wind by saying that it is as playful as little children playing
hide-and-seek on a shiny day.
D`vniY #4
William Blake personifies Sunflowers in his poem Two Sunflowers Move
in a Yellow Room.
240 A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
Two Sunflowers
Move in the Yellow Room.
Ah, William, were weary of weather,
said the sunflowers, shining with dew.
Our traveling habits have tired us.
Can you give us a room with a view?
The flowers are depicting a human characteristic of weariness caused by the
weather. In a human way, they make a request to the poet to put them in a room
with a window with plenty of sunshine.
D`vniY # 5
Ten thousand (daffodils) saw I at a glance, / Tossing their heads in
sprightly dance. / The waves beside them danced; but they / Out-did the
sparkling waves in glee
"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by William Wordsworth
D`vniY # 6
Humpty Dumpty
Sat on a wall.
Humpty Dumpty
Had a great fall.
Nursery Rhyme
29. Pun (klvjvi/_K k cqvM)
A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same
word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words. A
pun is a joke that makes a play on words. A pun, also called
paronomasia, uses words that have several meanings or words that sound
similar but have different meanings. GKwU k GKevi gv eeZ nq wewfb A_
cKvk Kij ZvK kl Ajvi (Pun) ejv nq| GB Ajvi ^vaxb I c_Kfve eeZ
nZ cvi Avevi Ab Ajviii mv_ hy ev GKv nqI eeZ nZ cvi| kli ga
w`q ev GKwU K_v GKevigv eenvi Ki GKvwaK A_i ebv mw KiZ cvib| cvVK
ev kvZv mB ebvi mvb Kieb| hgb-
K ej Cki ev PivPi,
hvnvi cfvq cfv cvq cfvKi| - Cki
1g A_ t Cki- mwKZv, - Mvcb, cfvKi- m~h|
2q A_ t Cki - Kwe CkiP`, cfvKi- msev` cfvKi cwKv|
mvwnZ Pun Gi D`vniYt
A chicken crossing the road is poultry in motion.
The flock of doves decided to stage a coo.
A Handbook on English Literature by Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury 241