ORIFICE METER

Aim:

 To measure discharge coefficient of an orifice meter.

 To study the variation of variation of co-efficient of discharge with Reynolds
Number.

Observation and calculation Data:

Cross sectional area of tank = 0.1 m2

Upstream section diameter (d1) = 0.028 m

Downstream section diameter (d2) = 0.014 m

Area of upstream section (a1) = 0.000616 m2

Area of downstream section (a2) = 0.000154 m2

NOMENCLATURE:

h = manometer difference
R = rise of water level in measuring tank
Qa = actual discharge
Qt = theoretical discharge
Co = co-efficient of discharge
V = velocity
Re = Reynolds number
Observation table:

Expt. 1:
Flow rate(LPM) h(mm) t(sec) R(cm)

10 7 65 10
15 17 42.65 10

20 32 30.63 10
25 55 24.55 10

30 78 20.42 10

Expt. 2:
Flow rate(LPM) h(mm) t(sec) R(cm)

10 7 62 10
15 17 42.92 10
20 33 30.89 10
25 52 24.54 10
30 80 18.95 10

Expt. 3:
Flow rate(LPM) h(mm) t(sec) R(cm)

10 7 64.54 10

15 17 42.03 10

20 31 30.06 10

25 54 24.47 10

30 81 19.67 10

Calculation table:
Expt. 1:

Qa Qt Co V Re
(m3/sec) (m/sec)
0.00015 0.00021 0.74 1.00 13986.01

0.00023 0.00033 0.72 1.52 21315.14

0.00033 0.00045 0.73 2.12 29679.76

0.00041 0.00059 0.69 2.65 37030.18

0.00049 0.00070 0.70 3.18 44519.63

Expt. 2:

Qa Qt Co V Re
(m3/sec) (m/sec)
0.00016 0.00021 0.77 1.05 14662.76

0.00023 0.00033 0.71 1.51 21181.06

0.00032 0.00045 0.71 2.10 29429.94

0.00041 0.00057 0.71 2.65 37045.27

0.00053 0.00071 0.75 3.43 47973.14

Expt. 3:

Qa Qt Co V Re
(m3/sec) (m/sec)
0.00015 0.00021 0.74 1.01 14085.70

0.00024 0.00033 0.73 1.54 21629.57

0.00033 0.00044 0.76 2.16 30242.55

0.00041 0.00058 0.70 2.65 37151.24

0.00051 0.00071 0.71 3.30 46217.13

Graph between Co and Re:

 1.00

0.90

Expt. Data
01
0.80

Exp. Data
01

0.70
Expt. Data
Co (co-efficent of discharge)

02

0.60 Exp. Data

02

Expt. Data
0.50 03

Expt. Data
03
0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00
10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

Re (Reynolds number)
Graph of manometer readings (mm) versus flow rate (LPM):

Expt. 1

30

f(x) = − 0.01 x² + 0.81 x

R² = 0.99

25

20
Qa (flow rate in LPM)

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

h (manometer reading in mm)

Expt.2

35

30 f(x) = − 0 x² + 0.77 x
R² = 0.99

25
Qa (flow rate in LPM)

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

h (manometer reading in mm)

Expt.3

35

30
f(x) = − 0.01 x² + 0.81 x
R² = 0.99

25

20
Qa (flow rate in LPM)

15

10

0
0 15 30 45 60 75 90

h (manometer reading in mm)

Discussion:
Orifice meter is a devise used to measure the discharge through pipe. The
principal of this meter is conversion of pressure head into velocity head. Inside the
orifices meter due to constriction placed a pressure difference between two
sections is developed, which determines the discharge through the pipe.

The discharge through the orifice meter is calculated by the formula

Qact = Co * Qt

Where

Qt = theoretical discharge, which is measured sing manometer reading

Co = discharge coefficient of orifice meter which is the ratio of actual flow rate
and theoretical flow rate

The discharge coefficient is also dependent upon the diameter ratio of orifice
and pipe, shape of orifice, location of pressure taps and the Reynolds number.

For a given set up the first 3 parameters are fixed so in the experiment we
observe the behavior of discharge coefficient with change in Reynolds number.
According to theoretical explication discharge coefficient remains constant for
higher Reynolds number.

Results and Conclusion:

 The discharge coefficient for orifices meter varies in-between 0.70 to 0.77
This all data are calculated at a higher value of Reynolds number.
 The graph plotted for discharge coefficient verses Reynolds number is very
much straight line.
 This describes that due to high pressure loss in orifices meter the velocity of
flow also get reduced.
 The graphs of manometer reading verses flow rate were come out to be
parabola which was expected theoretically.
Explanation for Error:
 One of the sources of error is the place where the pressure taps are installed
are right or not.
 There can be error in the measurement of manometer reading.

Precautions:
 Ensure that there is no air in manometer if there are some air bubbles are
present than using air release valve slowly release the air in manometer.
After release the air close the air valves again.
 Never close the delivery line and by pass line simultaneously.