Project Report IOT

Internet of Things
Abhishek Agrawal (PGP07105)

Ayush Mamgain (PGP07120)
Bharath S (PGP07121)
Dev Iyer (PGP07123)
Harsh Vikram Singh (PGP07125)
Rahul Ganatra (PGP07138)
Introduction:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles,
buildings and other itemsembedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators,
and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data
without human-to-human and human-to-computer interaction.
The IOT allows
objects to be sensed.
controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure.
direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems.
Resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
Current applications of Internet of things includes Smart House, Wearables, Smart
City, Smart Grids, Industrial Internet, Connected Car, Smart Retail, Smart Supply
Chain, Smart Farming. We will be studying the above mentioned areas and try to
come up with ideas to implement the same in IIM Rohtak. We will also be discussing
the future prospects of Internet Of things.
History of IOT:
In 1982, a modified Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University became the first
internet-connected appliance. In 1994, Reza Raji described the concept in IEEE
Spectrum. Moving small packets of data that integrate and automate everything from
home appliances to entire factories. Between 1993 and 1996 several companies
proposed solutions like Microsoft's at Work or Novell's NEST.
In 1999, Kevin Ashton for the first time coined the term IOT. Established MITs
Auto-ID Center and global research network laboratories focused on RFID and the
IOT. In 2000, LG announced plans for first Internet refrigerator. In 2005, The United
Nations first mentioned IOT in a published ITU report. In 2008, IPSO promoted the
use of IP in connected devices. In 2013, Intel launches Internet of Things Solution
Group.
Driver of IoT connectivity:
The existing wireless communication can be compared on two factors namely: range
and power consumed. Early communication systems used large amount of power
and had high range, eg satellite. With the passage of time, the power requirement
and range has decreased. This has been the driver of IoT, as the price has also gone
down with these changes. Now in IoT, we have a lot of devices communicating to
each other, over less range and require less power. This low cost communication
ability is the main reason driving the IoT demand.
Three Perspectives
The three perspectives that make the IoT really useful is:
Any time Connection: the connection between devices is always on, irrespective of
whether we are on the move or the time (day or night)
Any Place Connection: It works whether we are near the PC or away from it. It works
even if we are outdoors
Anything Connection: This is the most interesting aspect of IoT, which makes the
connection between 2 things possible. Now just like 2 humans, two machines can
also communicate to each other
IoT Perspective
The number of connected devices is increasing at exponential rate. Even in the
present day, number of connected devices is much higher than the population of the
world, and is poised to increase even more. The increase in the number of connected
devices along with advances in other supporting technologies like microcontroller
performance and sensor advancements will further lead to increased performance of
IoT systems, leading to further growth
IOT Value Chain:

Radio: Chips that provide connectivity based on radio protocols
Sensors: Chips that measure environmental/electrical variable
Microprocessors: Processors that allow low-cost intelligence on a chip
Modules: Combines Radio, Sensors and microprocessors in a single package
Platform Software: Software that analyzes device networks
Application Software: Presents information in usable form for the end user
Device: Integrates modules with application software into a usable form
Airtime: Use of licensed or unlicensed spectrum for communications
Service: Deploying/Managing/Supporting IoT solutions
Opportunity for IOT:

Consumer
Smart Home Control
Optimize energy use and Maintenance
Retail
Product Tracking and Inventory Control
Focused Marketing
Agriculture
Crop Management
Soil Analysis
Environmental
Weather Prediction
Resource Management
Military
Threat analysis
Troop Monitoring
Industrial
Smart Meters
Wear-out sensors
Manufacturing Control
IOT Enabling Technology:

RFID: To identify and track the data of things.
Sensor: To collect and process the data to detect the changes in the physical status
of things.
Smart Technology: To enhance the power of the network by devolving processing
capabilities to different part of the network.
Nano Technology: To make the smaller and smaller things have the ability to
connect and interact.
Sensor Technology:
The ability to detect changes in the physical status of things is essential for recording
changes in the environment. Wireless sensor technology play a pivotal role in
bridging the gap between the physical and virtual worlds. It enables things to respond
to changes in their physical environment. Sensors collect data from their
environment, generating information and raising awareness about context. Sensor
Market includes: Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) - based sensors, optical
sensors, ambient light sensors, gesture sensors, proximity sensors, touch sensors,
fingerprint sensors and more.
Example: sensors in an electronic jacket can collect information about changes in
external temperature and the parameters of the jacket can be adjusted accordingly.
Challenges to IOT:
Technological Standardization in most areas are still remain fragmented.
Managing and fostering rapid innovation is a challenge for governments
Privacy and security
Absence of governance
Vulnerability to internet attack
Limitations of IOT:
The application of IoT in extreme situations are still not tested (outer space,
very hot or cold area)
Standardization and Interoperability
Legal instruments
Technical limitation in some cases
Future of IOT:
The areas were IOT can be used in the future are as follows:
Daily Life
Production
Logistics
Resource and Power Control
Retailing
Traffic Issue
Implementation of IOT at IIM Rohtak:

Problem 1: Library System
Many times students go to the library, but have to come back because there is no
space in the library. Another problem students face is that they go to the library to
issue a certain book, but upon reaching there they realize there that the book is
already issued by someone.
Solution:
Students will get to know the availability of seats in library through the app. It saves
the time of the students as they dont have to go the library to check, and return back
if it is full.
Book availability status will be known to students. They can go to library only when
the book that they require is available.
Problem 2: Network Outages
A lot of time students face network outages. Wifi or other services stop working at
times. It is difficult to inform the authorities on time.
Solution:
In the present case, there is no solution that can solve this problem. The only option
is students have to go and contact the authorities. Using IOT, whenever there is
network outage, an sms will be sent to the concerned authorities. Manual
intervention is not required
Problem 3: Laundry Availability
Students dont know if the washing machine available in their wing is free or being
used.
Solution:
The solution to this problem is again through IOT only. The machines present status
can be found out using smart phone, which will have an app that is also connected
to the washing machine.
Whenever the student wants to use it, they can check the status of the machine, and
if it is free, that can use it. It saves precious time.
Problem 4: Attendance
At present, teachers have to take attendance, which takes a lot of their precious time.
Solution:
Solution is offered by IOT. When inside the class, students can swipe on their finger-
print sensor and their attendance will be recorded. By implementing this solution,
we solve two problems at once. There will be no case of proxy attendance, and the
professors will not have to do the extra task of taking attendance and maintaining
attendance record.
Problem 5: Medical Emergency
At present there is no way to know whether someone faces a medical emergency or
not.
Solution:
Students can be provided a wearable band, which will constantly monitor their vitals.
If someone faces a problem, such as a stroke or a heart attack, the emergency room
will receive a message, and emergency service can be provided.

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Internet of Things

Abhishek Agrawal (PGP07105)

IOT Value Chain:

Opportunity for IOT:

IOT Enabling Technology:

Implementation of IOT at IIM Rohtak:

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