THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

SCHOOL OF MATHEJ\1ATICS AND STATISTICS

Semester 2 2013

MATH1231
MATHEMATICS lB

(1) TIME ALLOWED - TWO (2) HOURS

(2) TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS - 4

(3) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

(4) THE QUESTIONS ARE OF EQUAL VALUE
(5) ANSWER EACH QUESTION IN A SEPARATE BOOK

(6) THIS PAPER MAY BE RETAINED BY THE CANDIDATE

(7) ONLY CALCULATORS WITH AN AFFIXED "UNSW APPROVED" STICKER
MAY BE USED
(8) A SHORT TABLE OF INTEGRALS and A STANDARD NORMAL TABLE
ARE APPENDED ON THE LAST PAGES

All answers must be \Vritten in ink. Except where they are expressly required pencils
may only be used for drawing, sketching or graphical work.
Semester 2 2013 MATH1231 Page 2

Use a separate book clearly marked Question 1

1. i) Let

a) Prove that S is closed under scalar multiplication.

b) Show that Sis not a subspace of JR 3 .

ii) Suppose that

-23 3 -5 37
-49 8 -10 73
A=
-87 9 -15 129
-26 3 -5 40
Using the following Maple output, answer the questions below.
> with(LinearAlgebra):
>A:= <<-23,-49,-87,-26>1<3,8,9,3>1<-5,-10,-15,-5>
1<37,73,129,40>>;

-23 3 -5 37
-49 8 -10 73
A:=
-87 9 -15 129
-26 3 -5 40
> Eigenvectors(A);

2 1 2 1 1
3 1 5 2 2
5 3 0 3 4
0 1 1 1 1
a) Without performing any further computations, explain why the ma-
trix A has four linearly independent eigenvectors.
b) Write down the general solution of

dy
dt = Ay.

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Semester 2 2013 MATH1231 Page 3

iii) A collection of discs consists of DVDs and Blu-ray discs. In the collection,
75 % are DVDs and 25 % are Blu-ray discs. Among the DVDs, 60 % are
movies. Among the Blu-ray discs, 90 % are movies.
a) Find the probability that a disc chosen randomly from the collection
is a movie.
b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen disc from the collection
is a Blu-ray disc given that it is a movie.
iv) Evaluate each of the following integrals:

a
) 1 _
1 -
j x(x5x - l)(x
6x + 4 d
2 -

- 2) x.
r1r12
b) 12 = lo sin3 0cos2 0 d0.
v) Solve the initial value problem
dy sinx
y(O) = 1.
dx-7'

vi) Let f(x) = ln(l + 4x2 ). The following MAPLE session may assist you
with this question.
> f := x -> log(4*x-2+1):
> taylor(f(x), x = 0, 6);

4x2 - 8x4 + O(x6 )

Using the MAPLE output above or otherwise, write down the values of
/"(0) and f"'(0).

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Semester 2 2013 MATH1231 Page 4

Use a separate book clearly marked Question 2

2. i) Suppose that f is a differentiable function of one variable, and F(x, y) is

defined by F(x, y) = J(2x - 3y2 ).
a) Show that F satisfies the partial differential equation

8F 8F
3Y ax+ ay = 0
b) Given that F(x, 0) = cos(x) for all x, write down a formula for
F(x, y).
ii) The curve C is given parametrically by x = t 3 , y = 2t2 Find the arc
length of the curve C between t = 0 and t = 1.
iii) a) Find the general solution y(x) for the following ordinary differential
equation:
y" - 5y' + 6y = 0.
b) Find the general solution of the following equation:

y" - 5y' + 6y = e2x.

iv) Let T : IR 2 -+ IR 2 be the linear map which rotates a vector x about the
origin through i anticlockwise and doubles its length, as shown in the
diagram.

T(x)

a) Show that T(e1 ) = ( \3 ), where e 1 = ( ~ )-

b) Find the matrix A such that T(x) = Ax for all x E IR2 .

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Semester 2 2013 1\r1ATH1231 Page 5

v) The probability density function f of a continuous random variable X is

given by
f(x) = {(2- x) for O ~.x ~ 2,
0 otherwise.
a) Find E(X) and Var(X).
b) The median of a distribution is defined to be the real number m such
that P(X ~ m) = - Find the median of the above distribution.

vi) Let V be a vector space.

a) Let S be the set {v 1 , v 2 , , vn} of vectors in V.
State the condition for S to be a linearly dependent set.
b) Suppose that v 1 , v 2 E V and O is the zero vector of V. Prove that
the set {v 1 , v2 , O} is linearly dependent.

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Semester 2 2013 l\lIATH1231 Page 6

Use a separate book clearly marked Question 3

3. i) The polynomials p 1 , p 2 , p 3 , p 4 and p 5 are defined, for all x E Ill, by

P1 (x) = x3 + 3x2 + 2x - 1
P2 ( x) = 2x3 - 3x2 + 4x + 2

p3 (x) = llx3 - 3x2 + 22x + 5

p4 (x) = 2x3 - 21x2 + 4x + 3
p5 (x) = 9x 3 + 18x2 + 18x + 2

Let S = {p1, P2, p3, p4, p5}.

a) Explain why S cannot be a basis for 1P'3 (R).

Using the following Maple output, answer the questions below.

> with(LinearAlgebra):
> A := <<-1,2,3,1>1<2,4,-3,2>1<5,22,-3,11>1<3,4,-21,2>
1<2,18,18,9>1<1,0,0,0>l<0,1,0,0>l<0,0,1,0>
l<0,0,0,1>>;

-1 2 5 3 2 1 0 0 0
2 4 22 4 18 0 1 0 0
A:=
3 -3 -3 -21 18 0 0 1 0
1 2 11 2 9 0 0 0 1
> GaussianElimination(A);

-1 2 5 3 2 1 0 0 0
0 8 32 10 22 2 1 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
b) Find a basis for span(S).
c) Find a basis for 1P'3 (R) which contains as many of the polynomials of
S as possible.
ii) Let

A-(~:::)
a) Find a basis for ker(A).
b) Hence state the value of nullity(A). Give a reason.

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Semester 2 2013 MATH1231 Page 7

iii) Let

C = ( -~ ~)
a) Find the eigenvalue(s) of C and for each eigenvalue find the corre-
sponding eigenvectors.
b) Is C diagonalisable? Give a reason for your answer.

iv) A manufacturer claims that only 20 % of the one-litre size soft drinks
produced by his factory contain less than 1.05 litres. Consumer \.Vatchdog
examined a random sample of 100 bottles of one-litre soft drinks produced
by this manufacturer and found that 30 % of the sample contain less than
1.05 litres. To test whether the manufacturer's claim is true, we shall
use a binomial distribution B(n,p) to model the number, X, of bottles
containing less than 1.05 litres in a random sample of 100.
a) State the values of n and p.
b) Find an expression for P(X :2: 30) in terms of binomial coefficients.
c) Use the normal approximation to the binomial distribution to esti-
mate the probability in the previous part.
d) Based on this probability, is there evidence that the manufacturer
has made a false claim? (Give a reason.)

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Semester 2 2013 MATH1231 Page 8

Use a separate book clearly marked Question 4

4. i) Use appropriate tests to determine whether each of the following series

converges or diverges:
00 2k + 1

a) L
k=O
3k '

~ (-l)k
b) Lt
k=l Jk(k + 1).
ii) The Maclaurin series for sin x is
00 x2k+1
sinx = I.:(-1)\2k + 1)''.
k=O
x E JR.

Do not prove this result.

a) Write down the Maclaurin series for sin(x2 ).
b) Find the Maclaurin series for cos( x).
c) Hence derive the identity
1 ~ k 7r2k
v'2 = t/-1) 24k(2k)!"
iii) Determine, with reasons, whether or not each of the following sequences
converges and find each limit if it exists:
lnn
a) {an} where an=-,
n
b) {bn} where bn = yn,.
iv) A rumour is spreading through an isolated population. Modelling sug-
gests that r(t), the proportion of the population who have heard the
rumour after t days, is governed by a differential equation of the form
dr
dt = kr(l - r), (1)
where k is a constant.
a) Show that the general solution to (1) is given implicitly by
r
--= e'
(3 kt
1-r
with (3 > 0. (You may assume that 0 < r < 1.)
b) At time t = 0, 1% of the population have heard the rumour. After
5 days, 20% of the population have heard the rumour.
A) Find (3 and k. (Give k correct to 4 decimal places.)
B) Hence, estimate how long it will take until 80% of the population
have heard the rumour. (Give your answer correct to 2 decimal
pla.ces.)
c) How does r(t) behave as t ~ oo?
Semester 2 2013 MATH1231 Page 9

BASIC INTEGRALS

j t dx = ln lxl + C = ln jkxl, C= lnk

J eax dx = i eax +C

J ax dx = - 1-ax + C,
Ina
a/1

j sinaxdx = -{ cos ax+ C

j cosaxdx = { sin ax+ C
j sec axdx = { tan ax+ C
2

j cosec2ax dx =-cot ax+ C

j tan ax dx = } in Isec ax I + C
j cot axdx = l in Isinaxl + C
j sec ax dx = } in Isec ax + tan ax I + C
j sinh ax dx = } cosh ax + C
j cosh ax dx = l sinh ax + C
j sech ax dx = { tanh ax+ C
2

j cosech2axdx = -} cothax + C
J dx
a +x
2 2
1
a
_1 x C
- - - = - t a n -+
a
J dx
a2 -x 2
1
a
1
-1 X
= - tanh - + C,
X
a
lxl < a
= - coth- 1 - + C, lxl >a> 0
a a
= 2-1nja+x1 +c,
2a a-x
J dx
-----;::=::===:= = sm
Ja2 _ x2
. _1 x C
- +
a
J dx
------;;:::;::::::::====,: = sm
Jx2 + a2
. h-1 -x + C
a
J Jx2-a2
dx = cosh- 1 ~ + C
a '
Semester 2 2013 MATH1231 Page 10

Standard normal probabilities P(Z :,S: z)

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
-2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
-2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
-2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
-2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
-2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
-2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
-2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
-2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
-2.1 0.0179 0.0174 O.Q170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
-2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
-1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
-1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
-1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
-1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
-1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
-1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
-1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
-1.l 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
-LO 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
-0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
-0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
-0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
-0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
-0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
L1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986