1a Rorreview 120403010603 Phpapp02

Rules of The Road
Review
Navigation Rules
Purpose and Scope
Applicable reading: USCG ROR.

Purpose of Scope of the
Rules of the Road
Sources:
1972 COLREGS (International Rules)
Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea
Amended in 1983, 1989, 1991 by the IMO
1980 Navigation Rules Act (Inland Rules)

Applies exclusively to US inland waters
NOTE: Navigation Rules have the force of law.

Rule 1(a): Applicability
Nav Rules apply based upon a vessels

location.
COLREGS Line of Demarcation
These rules shall
apply to all vessels
upon the high seas
and in all waters
connected therewith
navigable by
seagoing vessels.
Rule 2: Responsibility
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or
the owner, master or crew thereof, from the
consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules
or of the neglect of any precaution which may be
required by the ordinary practice of seaman.
General Prudential Rule: the mariner is responsible not

only for complying with the Rules but also for avoiding a
collision.
Special Situations
In extremis situations
Special Situations
(not covered by the Rules)
Rule 3: General Definitions
Vessel Underway
Power driven vessel Making way
Sailing vessel Not making way
Special Conditions
Vessel engaged in fishing
Not under command
Restricted in ability to maneuver
Constrained by draft (intl rules only)
Rule 3: Definitions
Vessel
Vessel: includes every description of water craft
used or capable of being used as a means on
transportation on water.
Includes:
Power-driven vessels
Sailboats
Seaplanes
Non-displacement craft
Power driven vessel

Rule 3: Definitions
Vessel engaged in fishing means any vessel
fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing
apparatus which restrict maneuverability.
Does NOT include:

Vessel engaged in trolling.
Rule 3: Definitions
Vessel not under command
Vessel not under command means a vessel
which through some exceptional circumstances
is unable to maneuver to comply with the Rules.
Examples:
Propulsion casualty
Steering casualty
Rule 3: Definitions
Vessel restricted in ability to
maneuver
Vessel restricted in ability to maneuver means a

vessel which from the nature of her work is
unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
Examples:
Laying navaids
Dredging/Surveying
UNREP
Flight Ops
Mineclearance Ops
Rule 3: Definitions
Vessel constrained by draft
Vessel constrained by draft means a power

driven vessel which, because of her draft in
relation to the available depth is severely
restricted in her ability to deviate from her
present course.
Rule 3: Definitions
Underway, Not-underway
Rule 3: Definitions
Restricted Visibility
Lights and Dayshapes
AGENDA:
Rule #20/21 Application and Definitions
Rule #22 Visibility of Lights
Rule #23 Power Driven Vessels Underway
Rule #24 Towing and Pushing
Rule #25 Sailing Vessels
Rule #26 Fishing Vessels
Rule #27 Vessels not under command / restricted in ability
Rule #28 Vessels constrained by draft
Rule #29 Pilot vessels
Rule #30 Vessels aground/at anchor
Rule 20: Application
of Lights and Dayshapes
Lights shall be displayed:

From sunset to sunrise
In conditions of restricted visibility
In all other circumstances when deemed appropriate
Purpose of Lights and Dayshapes:

Helps determine stand on/give way status.
Indicates the occupation of certain vessels.
Aids in the determination of target angle and course.
Rule 21:Definitions
Rule 22: Visibility of Lights
Min Ranges
TYPE OF LIGHT COLOR ARC 50M+ 12-50M
Masthead white 225 6 nm 5 nm
Sidelight red/green 112.5 3 nm 2 nm
Sternlight white 135 3 nm 2 nm
Towing yellow 135 3 nm 2 nm
All around various 360 3 nm 2 nm
Flashing yellow/blue 360 3 nm 2 nm
Range Light - refers to the second masthead light placed aft and
higher than the forward masthead light (>50 m)
Flashing Light - flashes at regular intervals at 120 hz. Found on
surfaced subs and non-displacement craft in the non-
displacement mode.
Rule 21:Definitions
Rule 22: Visibility of Lights
Rule 23: Power-Driven
Vessels
Power Driven vessels underway
Vessel > 50 m
Vessel < 50 m
Vessel < 12 m
Vessel < 7 m
Rule 24: Towing and Pushing
TOWING ASTERN
Vessel < 50 m Tow < 200 m
Vessel < 50 m Tow > 200 m
Vessel > 50 m Tow < 200 m
Vessel > 50 m Tow > 200 m
COMPOSITE UNIT
PUSHING AHEAD/ALONGSIDE
Vessel > 50 m International, Inland
Vessel < 50 m International, Inland
TOWING and RESTRICTED IN ABILITY TO MANEUVER
LIGHTING THE TOW

Rule 25: Sailing Vessels
Rule 26: Fishing Vessels
Rule 27: Vessels
Not Under Command
Rule 27: Vessels Restricted in their
Ability to Maneuver
Rule 28: Vessels Constrained
by Draft (Inlt Only)
Rule 29: Pilot Vessel
Rule 30: Vessels Anchored
and Vessels Aground
Steering and Sailing Rules
Conduct of Vessels in any Condition of

Visibility
Rule #6 - Safe Speed
Rule #7 - Risk of Collision
Rule #8 - Action to Avoid Collision
Rule #9 - Narrow Channels
Rule #10 - Traffic Separation Schemes
Rule 4: Application
Rule 5: Look-out
Application (Rule 4) - Rules in this section
apply in Any condition of visibility.
Look-out (Rule 5)
Maintain Proper Lookout
Use all available means
Must use sight and hearing
Binoculars/Radar
Bearing circle/Alidade
Night vision devices
Also required at anchor
Rule 6: Safe Speed
Determinants of Safe Speed
Draft of vessel in relation to charted depth
Stopping distance and turning ability
Presence of background lighting
State of winds, sea, and current
State of visibility
Traffic density
Rule 7: Risk of Collision
Risk of Collision (Rule 7)

Every vessel shall use all available means to
determine if risk of collision exists.
Early use of RADAR
Systematic observation
Such risk is deemed to

exist if the compass bearing
of an approaching vessel
does not appreciably change.
Rule 8: Action to Avoid Collision
Any action taken to avoid collision shall be
positive, made in ample time, and with due
regard to the observance of good seamanship.
Action taken must be positive and timely.
Action taken to avoid collision with another

vessel shall result in passing at a safe distance.
The effectiveness of the action
shall be carefully checked until the
vessel is passed and clear.
Rule 8: Action to Avoid Collision
Two variables can be altered to avoid collision:

course and speed.
Change course to avoid
close-quarter situations.
Slacken speed or take all way
to allow more time to assess
the situation.
Escape clause:
if the circumstances of the case admit
Rule 9: Narrow Channels
Narrow Channels (Rule 9)

Stay on the right side of the channel
Sailing vessels and vessels < 20 meters
shall not impede vessels restricted to the
channel.
Fishing vessels shall not
impede other vessels.
Crossing vessels shall not
impede other vessels.
Rule 10: Traffic Separation
Schemes
Traffic Separation schemes my be adopted by
the IMO for the purpose of these Rules.
Use small angle of approach

to enter/depart.
Cross the scheme at right
angles.
You can fish in the lanes as
long as you do not impede
passage of the other vessels.
Conduct of vessels in sight of one another
Conduct of vessels in sight of one another

Rule #12 - Sailing Vessels
Approach Situations
Rule #13 - Overtaking
Rule #14 - Meeting
Rule #15 - Crossing
Rule #16 - Action by the Give-way Vessel
Rule #17 - Action by the Stand-on Vessel
Rule #18 - Responsibilities Between Vessels
Vessels in Sight of One Another
Rule 13: Overtaking
Rule 13 requires the overtaking vessel to keep out of the
way of the vessel being passed.
An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches
An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches another

vessel more than 22.5deg abaft the beam.
Rule 14: Meeting Situation
Rule 14 requires both power vessels to maneuver to
starboard.
A meeting situation exists if two power vessels approach on

reciprocal or near reciprocal courses.
Rule 15: Crossing Situation
Rule 15 requires the vessel that has the other on its
starboard side to keep clear.
At night the stand-on vessel sees the green sidelight of the give-
way vessel, and the give-way vessel sees the red sidelight of the
stand-on vessel.
Rules 16/17: Action by Give-way
and Stand-on Vessels
Give-way:
Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the
way of another vessel shall, so far as possible,
take early and substantial action to keep well
clear.
Stand-on:
Where one of two vessels
is to keep out of the way
the other vessel shall keep
her course and speed.
Rule 18: Responsibilities Between
Vessels (Order of Precedence)
Vessel being overtaken
Vessel not under command or
Restricted in ability to maneuver
Vessel constrained by draft
Sailing vessels
Power driven vessels
Seaplanes
Rules 13-15: Vessels in Sight and
in Risk of Collision (Review)
HEAD ON OVERTAKING CROSSING

Description Meeting on Overtaking another Two vessels
reciprocal courses, vessel more than crossing, risk of
masthead lights in 22.5 abaft the beam, collision exists.
line, both sidelights at night only the
visible. sternlight visible.
Action Both vessels turn to Overtaking vessel The vessel which

starboard to pass keeps out of the way holds the other
port-to-port. on the overtaken on her starboard
vessel. must keep out of
the way of the
stand-on vessel.
Homework
Review and Be Familiar with the Rules of
The Road

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Rules of The Road

Applicable reading: USCG ROR.

1980 Navigation Rules Act (Inland Rules)

NOTE: Navigation Rules have the force of law.

Nav Rules apply based upon a vessels

General Prudential Rule: the mariner is responsible not

Power driven vessel

Does NOT include:

Vessel restricted in ability to maneuver means a

Vessel constrained by draft means a power

Lights shall be displayed:

Purpose of Lights and Dayshapes:

Vessel < 50 m International, Inland

TOWING and RESTRICTED IN ABILITY TO MANEUVER

LIGHTING THE TOW

Conduct of Vessels in any Condition of

Risk of Collision (Rule 7)

Such risk is deemed to

Action taken to avoid collision with another

Two variables can be altered to avoid collision:

Narrow Channels (Rule 9)

Use small angle of approach

Conduct of vessels in sight of one another

An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches another

A meeting situation exists if two power vessels approach on

An overtaking situation exists when a vessel approaches

HEAD ON OVERTAKING CROSSING

Action Both vessels turn to Overtaking vessel The vessel which

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