Table
Table
Table
.",
,"
/
.J 1J_;''1.JIL l.JI.).l/llJ..JVJ..IVI v, ) riJ\'L/ .)lLrJVJr'LJ'1JV\""J~. l.f'1.J..JVJ.:.., ...,
,"ll-lPi
'liff!'
Table 1 t
,
,
CUMULATIVE BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES
V
P = probability of success in a single trial; n = number of trials. The table gives the probability
of obtaining r or more successes in n independent trials. i. e.
When there i.s no entry for a particular pair of values of r and P, this indicates that the appro-
pr iate probability is less than 0.000 05. Similarly except for the case r = 0, when the entry is I
exact, :1 tabulated value of 1. 0000 represents a probability greater than 0.999 95.
t
10 .0002 .0007 .0022 .0056 .0125
1 11 .0002 0006 .0017 .0043
1 12 .0001 .0005 0013
'j 13
I 0001 .0004
I1 14 .0001
,
I
1
j
j Ci).
cAs: LlfSTJ{/liUnUiV;:) .qJVU SltiJVIl'"LGANl-"1:,' rAliLb'0
n=100 r=O 1.0000 l. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 l. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
1 .6340. .8674 .9524 .9831 .9941 .9979 .9993 .9998 .9999
2 .2642 .5967 .8054 .9128 .9629 .9848 .9940 .. 9977 .9991
3 .0794 .3233 .5802 .7679 .8617 .9434 .9742 .9887 .9952
4 .0184 .1410 .3528 .5705 .7422 .8570 .9256 .9633 .9827
5 .0034 .0506 . 1021 .3711 .5640 .7232 .8368 .9097 .9526
6 .0005 .0155 .0000 .2116 .3840 .5593 .70B6 B201 .8955
7 .0001 .0041 .0312 .1064 .2340 .3936 .5557 .696B .8060
8 .0009 .0106 .0475 .1280 .2517 .4012 .5529 .6872
9 .0002 .0032 .0190 .0631 .1463 .2660 .4074 .5506
10 .0009 .0066 .0282 .0775 . 1620 .2780 .4125
11 .0002 .0022 .0115 .0376 .0908 .1757 .2882
12 .0007 .0043 .0168 .0469 .1028 .1816
13 .0002 .0015 .0069 .0224 .0559 .1138
14 .0005 .0026 .0099 .0282 .0645
15 .0001 .0009 .0041 .0133 .0341
16 .0003 .0016 .0058 .0169
17 .0001 .0006 .0024 .0078
18 .0002 .0009 .0034
19 .0001 .0003 .0014
20 .0001 .0005
21 .0002
22 .,/=:., .0001
n=2 r=O LOOOO 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 L~aOO 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1 .1-900 .2775 .3600 .4375 .5100 .5775 .6400 .6975 .7500
/' ~.~.
-"'-'~", 2 .0100 .0225 . 0400 .0625 .0900 .1225 .1600 2025 . 2500.
\.
{ n=5~
"",~.,~. ,"~'"
';
r=O~:,
r 1\.
'I
1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
.
4095 .5563 .6723 .7627 .8319 .8840
1. 0000
.9222
1. 0000
.9497
1. 0000
.9688
.' :' . 2 ,.. 0815 .1648 .2627 .3672 .4718 .5716 .6630 .7438 .8125
~" /.0086 .0266 .0579 . 1035 ~. 2352 .3174 .4069 .5000
"
(~)",.:,._
~
",Q.Q.Q., ... ~, ..QQ?? ..........O,Q6J~
I! '
..........
/
.o..Jl... . 0540
~9.3
015,6".......
-"
.0870 .1312 .1875
, /'"
.c . .?""" . 0001 .0003 .0010 . 4 .0053 .0102 0185 . 0313
n=10 r=O 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000
1 .6513 .8031 .8926 .9437 .9718 .9865 .9940 .9975 .9990
2 .2639 .4557 .6242 .7560 .8507 .9140 .9536 .9767 .9893
3 .0702 .1798 .3222 .4744 .6172 .7384 .8327 .9004 .9453
4 .0128 .0500 .1209 .2241 .3504 .4B62 .6177 .7430 .8281
5 .0016 .0099 .032B .0781 .1503 .2485 .3669 .4956 .6230
6. .0.001, ..0014 .0064 .0197 .0473 .0949 .1662 .2616 .3770
7 .0001 .0009 .0035 .0106 .0260 .0548 .1020 .1719
8 .0001 .0004 .0016 .0048 .0123 .0274 .0547
9 .0001 .0005 .0017 G045 .0107
10 .0001 .0003 .0010
:-. n=20 r=O 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1 .8784 .9612 .9885 .9968 .9992 .9998 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000
2 .6083 .8244 .9308' .'9757 .9924 .9979 .9995 .9999 1. 0000
3 .3231 .5951 .7939 .9087 .9645 .9879 .9964 .9991 .9998
4 .1330 .3523 .5886 .7748 . B929 .9556 .9840 .9951 .99B7
5 .0432 .1702 .3704 .5852 .7625 .8818 .9490 .9811 .9941
6 .0113 .0673 .1958 .3828 .5B36 .7546 .8744 .9447 .9793
7 .0024 .0219 .0867 .2142 .3920 .5834 .7500 .8701 .9423
8 .0004 .0059 .0321 .1018 .2277 .3990 .5841 .7480 .8684
9 .0001 .0013 .0100 .0409 .1133 .2376 .4044 .5857 .7483
10 .0002 .00M .0139 .0480 .1218 .2447 .4086 .5881
11 .0006 .0039 .0171 .0532 .1275 .2493 .4119
12 .0001 .0009 .0051 .0196 .0565 .1308 .2517
13 .0002 .0013 .0060 .0210 .0580 .1316
14 .0003 .0015 .0065 .0214 .0577
15 .0003 .0016 .0064 .0207
16 .0003 .0015 .0059
17 .0003 .0013
18 .0002
. (; IJA.'ilC U1STHlHU'j'JUNS AND S/GNfF1CANCJ:; 'J.'AlJJ..,t-S
i
p= 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50!
I
n=50 r=O 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. OoO~
1 .9948 .9997 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.000~
2 .9662 .9971 .9998 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 00 CO
3 .8883 .9858 .9987 .9999 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000
4 .7497 .9540 .9943 .9995 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. OOOp
5 .5688 .8879 .9815 .9979 .9998 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000. 1. 00 Db
6 .3839 .7806 .9520 .9930 .9993 .9999 1.0000 1. 0000 1. OOOp
7 .2298 .6387 .8966 .9806 .9975 .9998 1.0000 1. 0000 1.000p
8 .1221 .4812 .8096 .9547 .9927 .9992 .9999 1.0000 1.000p
9 0579 .3319 .6927 .9084 .9817 .9975 .9998 t'.0000 1.000p
10 .0245 .2089 .5563 .8363 .9598 .9933 .9992 .9999 1.000;0
11 .0094 .1199 .4164 .7378 .9211 .9840 .9978 .9998 1.000'0 I
12 0032 .0628 .2893 .6184 .8610 .9658 .9943 .9994 1.000;0
13 .0010 .0301 .1861 .4890 .7771 .9339 .9867 .9982 .99918
14' 0003 . 0132 .1106 .3630 .6721 .8837 .9720 .9955 .99915
'J':J
15
16
17
.0001 .0053
.0019
.0007
.0607
.0308
.0144
.2519
.1631
.0983
.5532
.4308
.3161
.8122
.7199
..6111
.9460
.9045
.8439
.9896
.9780
.9573
:~:~~
g9~3
18 .0002 .0063 .0551 .2178 .4940 .7631 .9235 .983.6
19 .0001 .0025 .0287 .1406 .3784 .6644 .8727 96~5
..
I
20 .0009 .0139 .0848 .2736 .5535 ..8026 .94Q5
21 .0003 . 0063 0478 .1861 .4390 .7138 .8987 I
22 .0001 .0026 .0251 .1187 .3299 .6100 .8389
23 .0010 .0123 .0710 .2340 .4981 .7601 I
24 .0004 .0056 .0396 .1562 .3866 .6611
25 .0001 .0024 . 0207 .0978 .2840 .55$1
26 .0009 .0100 .0573 .1966 .44~9
27 0003 .0045 .0314 .1279 .33,9
28 0001 . 0019 :.0160 . 0780 .23$9
29 .0007 .0076 .0444 .16}1
30 .Oq03 . 0034 .0235 .lO~3
31 .0001 .0014 .0116 .0595
32 .0005 .0053 03~5
33 .0002 .0022 . O~64
34 .0001 . 0009 .0077
35 .0003
I
.OQ33
.
36 .0001 .OQ13
37 .0005
I
38
. 9i
02
l
Table 1 gives binomial probabilities only for a limited range of values of n and p since, in practice,
either the more' compact tabulation of the Poisson distribution (Table 2) or that of the Normal
distribution (Table 3) can usually be used to give an adequate approximation, \"
\ "\.
As a reasonable working rule, \,,
v,
, \
(i) use the Poisson approximation if p ~ 0.1, putting m = np.
(ii) use the Normal approximation if 0.1 < p< 0.9 and np > 5, putting J1 = np and a = vnp(1 - ~).
(iii) use the Poisson approximation if p > 0.9, putting m = n (I - p) and working in terms of (fail~res'.
Note: For values or p >- 0.5, work in terms of 'failures' which have probability q (= 1 - p).
Example: What is the probability of 40 or more 'successes' with n = 50 and p = 0.7? This is the san~e as
the probability of 10 or fewer 'failures'. The probability of 10 or fewer 'failures' = I - I
probability or I I or more 'failures' = I - 0.9211 = 0.0789 (found by replacing p = O.7 ~y
q = 0.3 in the above table).
1 .
\
!
j<l)
O/i.JIL. Ul01 l1.10U 11U1Y..) J'iJVU 011J1VirlvJ'1J'vL:. J rtV.0.(jv
-
p= 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
n=100 r=O 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000
1 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000
2 .9997 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000
3 .9981 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
4 .9922 .9999 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000
5 .9763 .9996 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
6 .9424 .9984 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
7 .6826 .9953 .9999 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000
8 .7939 .9878 .9997 1. 0000 1. 0000 . 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000
9 .6791 .9725 .9991 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000
10 .5487 .9449 .9977 1.0000 1.0000 l.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000
11 .4168 .9006 .9943 .9999 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
12 .2970 .8365 .9674 .9996 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000
13 .1982 .7527 .9747 .9990 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1:0000
14 .1239 .6526 .9531 .9975 .9999 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
15 .0726 .54.28 .9196 .9946 . 999g 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1.0000
16
17
18
.0399
.0206
.0100
.4317
.3275
.2367
.8115
.6077
.7288
.9889
.9789
.9624
.9996
.9990
.. 9976
1. 0000
1. 0000
.9999
l. 0000
l. 0000
1. 0000
1. 0000
l. 0000
1. 0000
1. 0000
1. 0000
1.0000
I
!
19
20
.0046
.0020
.1628 .6379 .9370 .9955 .9999 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 i
.1065 .5398 .9005 .9911 .999'7 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000
21 .0008 .0663
22 .0003 .0393
.4405
.3460
.8512
.7886
.9835
.97l2
.9992
.9983
1.0000
1. 0000
1. 0000
l. 0000
1. 0000
1.0000
r
I
23 .0001 .0221 .2611 .7136 .9521 .9966 .9999 1. 0000 1.0000 I
34 I
.0007 .0276 . 2207 .6197 .9087 .9902 . .9996 I
111/ $ '-I
:11
8 BASIC DISTRIBUTIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE TABLES
Ii
If
Table 2 i~
'!
, :1
i ;\
00 X
L e-m ~
x!
x=r
Where there is no entry for a particular pair of values of r and m, this indicates that the
appr opr iate probability is less than O. 000 05. Similarly, except for the case r = 0 when the
entry is exact, a tabulated value of 1. 0000 represents a probability greater than 0.999 95.
m= 0.1 0.2. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0,.6 0.7 0'.8 0.9 1.10
I I
r = (I 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1 .0952 .1813 .2592 .3297 .3935 .4512 .5034 .5507 .5934 .6321
2 .0047 .0175 .0369 .0616 0902 .1219 .1558 .1912 .2275 .2642
:'1 0002 0011 .0036 0079 0144 . 0231 .0341 .0474 0629 0~03
4 .0001 .0003 0008 ..0018 .0034 .0058 .0091 0135 .0190
,.
J 0001 0002 .0004 .0008 .0014 .0023 .0037
I) 0001 .0002 .0003 .0006
7 .0001
m = 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1;5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2'.~0
r = 0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 i.oooo 1.0000\ 1.0000
1 .6671 .6988 .7275 .7534 .7769 .7981 .8173 .8347 .8504 .8647
2 .3010 .3374 .3732 .4082 .4422 .4751 .5068 .5372 .5663 .5940
3 0996 .1205 .1429 .1665 .1912 .2166 .2428 .2694 .2963 .3233
4 .0257 0338 .0431 .0537 0656 .0788 .0932 .1'687 .1253 .1429
5 0054 0077 .0107 0143 0186 .0237 .0296 .0364 .0441 .0527
6 .0010 0015 .0022 0032 .0045 .0060 0080 .0104 0132 0~66
7 .0001 0003 . 0004 .0006 0009 .0013 .0019 . 0026 0034 "O:D45
8 :0001 0001 .0002 ,.0003 .0004 .0006 .0008 0:011
9 0001 . 0001 .0002 .0002
,
m= 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3tO
lrl/ s ('
CI:l
I
HASte DlSTRfnUTfONS AND SlCNtFtCANCE TAB LES
I
m " 3. 1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 J.6 3.7 3.B 3.9 4.0
I
r = 0 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
1 .9550 .9592 .9631 .9666 .9698 .9727 .9753 .9776 .9798 .9817
2 .8153 .8288 .8414 .8532 .8641 .8743 .8838 .8926 .9008 .9084
3 .5988 .6201 .6406 .6603 .6792 .6973 .7146 .7:;11 .7469 .7619
4 .3752 .3975 .4197 .4416 .4634 .4848 .50S8 .5265 .5468 .5665
5 .2018 .2194 .2374 .2558 .2746 .2936 .3128 .3322 . :;516 .3712
G .0943 .1054 . 1171 .1295 .1424 .1559 . 1699 .1844 .1994 .2149
7 .0388 .044 6 .0510 . 0579 .0653 .0733 .0818 .0909 .1005 .1107
8 .0142 .0168 .0198 .0231 . 0267 .0308 .0352 .0401 .0454 .0511
9 .0047 .0057 .0069 .0083 .0099 .0117 .0137 .0160 .0185 .0214
10 .0014 .0016 .0022 .0027 .0033 .0040 .0048 .0058 .0069 .0081
11 .0004 .0005 .0006 .0008 .0010 .0013 .0016 .0019 .0023 .0028
12 .0001 .0001 . 0002 .0002 .000:; .0004 .0005 .OOOG .0007 .0009
13 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0003
14 .0001 .oooi
r = 0 1: 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1 .9034 .9850 .9864 .9877 .9889 .9899 .9909 .9918 .9926 .9933
2 .9155 .9220 .9281 .9337 .9389 .9437 .9482 .9523 .9561 .9596
3 .7762 .78:18 .8026 .8149 .8264 .8374 .8477 .8575 .8667 .8753
4 .5858 .6046 .6228 .6406 .6577 .6743 .6903 .7058 .7207 .7350
5 .3907 .4102 '.42'96 .4488 .4679 .4868 .5054 .5237 .5418 .5595
6 .2301 .2469 .26:13 .2801 .2971 .3142 .3316 .3490 .3665 .3840
7 .1214 . 1325 .1442 .1564 .1689 .1820 .1954 .2092 .2233 .2378
8 .0573 ..0639 .0710 .0786 .0866 .0951 .1040 .1133 .1231 .1334
9 .0245 .0219 .0317 .0358 .0403 .0451 .0503 .0558 .061 B .0681
10 . .0095 .0111 .0129 .0149 .0171 .0195 .0222 .0251 .0283 .0318
11 .0034 .0041 .0048 .0057 .0067 .0078 .0090 .0104 .0120 .0137
12 .0011 .0014 .0017 .0020 .0024 .0029 .0034 .0040 .0047 .0055
13 .0003 .0004 .0005 .0007 .0008 .0010 .0012 .0014 .0017 .0020
14 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0005: .0006 .0007
15 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 . :)002
16 .0001 .0001
m 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.B 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0
r " 0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1 .9945 .9955 .9963 .9970 .9975 .9980 .998:; .9986 .9989 .9991
2 .9658 .9711 .9756 .9794 .9826 .9854 .9877 .9897 .9913 .9927
3 .8912 .9052 .9176 .9285 .9380 .9464 .9537 .9606 .9656 .9704
~.
4 .7619 .7867 .8094 .8300 .8488 .8658 .8811 .8948 .9072 .9182
5 .5939 .6267 .6579 .6873 .7149 . 740B .7649 .7873 .8080 .8270
6 .4191 .4539 .4881 .5217 .5543 .5859 .6163 .6453 .6730 .6993
7 .2676 .2983 .3297 .3616 .3937 .4258 .4577 .4892 .5201 .5503
8 .1551 .1783 .2030 .2290 .2560 .2840 .3127 .3419 .3715 .4013
9 .0819 .0974 .1143 .1328 .1528 .1741 .1967 .2204 .2452 .2709'
10 .0397 .0488 .0591 .0708 .0839 .0984 .1142 .1314 .1498 .1695
11 .0177 .0225 .0282 .0349 .0426 . :>514 .0614 .orae .0849 .0985
12 .0073 .0096 .0125 .0160 .0201 .0250 .0307 .0373 .0448 .0534
13 .0028 .0038 .0051 .0068 .0088 .0113 .0143 . 017~ .0221 .0270
14 .0()10 .0014 .0020 .0027 .0036 .0048 .0063 .OOBO .0102 .0128 .
15 .0003 .0005 .0007 .0010 .0014 .0019 .0026 .003'1 .0044 .0057
16 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0004 .0005 .0007 .0010 .0014 .0018 .0024
17 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 . 0003 .0004 .0005 .0007 .0010
18 '.0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0004
HI .0001 .0001 .0001
M /s I.
10 BASIC DISTRIBUTIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE TABLES
iI \1
1~
;r
m ~ I ij
7. 2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.0
; :1
:1
i t:
r = 0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1. 0000' 1. 0000 1.0000 !
1 .9993 .9994 .9995 .9996 .9997 .9997 .9998 .9998 .9998 .9999
2 .9939 .9949 .9957 .9964 .9970 .9975 .9979 .9982 .9985 .9988
3 .9745 .. 9781 .9812 .98:;9 ge62 . 9882 . 9900 9914 .9927 993R I
4 .9281 .9368 .9446 .9515 .9576 .96:;0 .9677 .9719 .9756 . 97f1H I
!
5 .8445 .8605 .8751 .8883 .9004 .9113 .9211 .9299 .9379 .9450
6 ..7241 .7474 .769:5 .7897 .8088 .8264 .8427 .8578 .8716 .8()43
7 .5796 .6080 .6354 .6616 .6866 .7104 .7330 .7543 .7744 793?
8 . 4311 .4607 .4900 5188 .5470 . 5746 . 6013 6272 .6522 .6761
9 .2973 .3243 .3518 3796 4075 .4353 .4631 4906 5177 544~
10 .1904 .2123 .2351 .2589 .2834 .3085 .3341 .3600' .3863 .41?'6
11 .1133 .1293 .1465 1648 .1841 .2045 .2257 .2478 .2706 . 29'lO
12 .0629 .0735 .0852 .0980 .1119 .1269 .1429 .1600 .1780 .1970
I:l .0327 .0391 .0464 .0546 .0638 .0739 .0850 .0971 .1102 .1242
14 .0159 .0195 .0238 .0286 .0342 .0405 .0476 .0555 .0642 .0739
15 .0073 .0092 .0114 .0141 .0173 .0209 .0251 .0299 .0353 .0415
16 .0031 .0041 .0052 .0066 .0082 .0102 .0125 .0152 .0184 .0220
!f
17
18
.0013
.0005
.'0017
.0007
.0022
.0009
.0029
.0012
.0037
.0016
.0047
.0021
.0059
.. 0027
.0074
.0034
0091
.0043
.0111
.0053
II i
Ii
ii
19
20
.0002
.0001
.0003
.0001
.0004
.0001
.0005
0002
.0006
.0603
.0009
.0003
.0011
.0005
.0015
0006
.0019
.0008
.0024
.0011
i, 't
15 (J
__
I Ii,
I
r = 0 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1. 0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 LOO(;I)
1 .9999
2 .. 9990
.9999
.9991
.9999
.999:5
.9999
.9994
1.0000
.9995
1.0000
.9998
1.0000
.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1. 0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.000f)
II
3 .9947 .9955 .9962 .9967 .9S72 .9988 .9995 .9998 .9999 t. 0000 i,
"
4 .9816 .9840 .9862 .9880 .9897 .9951 .9977 .9990 .9995 .999i.'
5 . 9514 .9571 .9622 .9667 .9707 .9849 .9924 .9963 .9982 999 1.
6 .8959 .9065 .9162 .9250 9~29 .9625 .9797 .9893 .9945 . 99'/<!
7 .8108 .8273 .8426 . 8567 .8699 .9214 .9542 .9741 .9858 .9924
:8 .6990 .7208 .7416 .7612 .7798 .8568 .9105 .9460 .9681 .9820
9 .5704 .5958 .6204 .6442 .6672 .7680 .8450 .9002 .9379 .9626
10 .4389 .4651 .4911 .5168 .5421 .6595 .7576 .8342 .8906 .9301
11 .3180 .3424 .3671 .3920 .4170 .5401 .6528 .7483 .8243 .8815
12 .2168 .2374 .2588 .2807 .3032 .4207 .5384 .6468 .7400 .8152
13 . 139~ .1552 .1721 .1899 .2084 .3113 .4240 .5369 .6415 .7324 !
14 .0844 .0958 .1081 .1214 .1355 .2187 .3185 .4270 .53S6 ')36,
15 .0483 .0559 . 0643 .0735 .0835 .1460 .2280 .3249 .4296 5:(43 ;
16 .0262 .0309 . 0362 .0421 .0487 .0926 .1556 .2364 .3306 .4310
17 .0135 .0162 .0194 .0230 .0270 .0559 .1013 .1645 .2441 .33(;9
18 .0066 .0081 .0098 .0119 .0143 .0322 .0630 .1095 .1728 .25li
19 .0031 .0038 .0048 .0059 .0072 .0177 .0374 .0698 .1174 .1805
20 .0014 .0017 .0022 .0028 .0035 .0093 .0213 .0427 .0765 .1248
21 .0006 0008 .0010 .0012 .0016 .0047 .0116 .0250 .0479 .0830
22 .0002 0003 .0004 .0005 .0007 .0023 .0061 .0141 .0288 ~1531
23 .0001 0001 .0002 .0002 .1)003 .0010 .0030 .0076 0167 , (;327
24 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0005 .0015 .0040 .0093 .0195
25 .0002 .0007 0020 .0050 .0112
26 .0001 .0003 .0010 .0026 .0062
27 .0001 .0005 .001S }033
28 .0001 .0002 .0006 .0017
\ :
29 .0001 .0003 .0009
1: 30 .0001 .0004
'\ 31 .0001 ooo~
1 I
:;2 anal
--- ..
I: i
I
i ~ IS T
C),
----
'~
I
I
BASIC DISTRIBUTIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE TAB LE;S 11
j
m .- IG. a 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21. a 22.0 23.0 24.0 p.o
I
N~SKf\H
PEPER\KSJ\I\N
Mt I s ~
i "1
':1
12 BASIC DISTRIBUTIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE TABLES
~.' on ~ 26.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 '0.0
r. = 9 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000
10 . 999!J .9999 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 00,00
11 .9997 . 9998 .9999 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 00:00
12 .9992 .9996 .9998 .9999 .9999 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 00:00
, 13 .9982 .9990 .9994 .9997 .9998 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 0000 1. 00'00
"::,1' 14 . 9962 . 9978 . 9987 . 9993 . 9996 .9999 I. 0000 I. 0000 1. 0000 1. 00'00
, 15 .9924 .9954 .9973 .9984 .9991 .9997 .9999 1.0000 1.0000 1.00'00
" 16 .9858 .9912 .9946 .9967 . 998 ~ .9993 .9998 .9999 1. 0000 I. '00'00
II 17 .9752 .9840 .9899 .9937 .9961 .9986 .9995 .9998 1. 0000 1. 00,00
18 .9580 .9726 .9821 .9685 .9927 .9972 .9990 .9997 .9999 1. 0000
19 .9354 .9555 .9700 .9801 .9871 .9948 .9980 .9993 .9998 .99:99
20 .9032 . 9313 .9522 .9674 .9781 .9907 .9963 .9986 .9995 . 99;98
21 .8613 .8985 .9273 .9489 .9647 .9641 .9932 .9973 .9990 .9996
22 .8095 .8564 . 8940 ~9233 .9456 .9740 .9684 .9951 .998i .99;93
23 .7483 .8048 .8517 .8896 .9194 .9594 .9809 .9915 .9965 .99:86
,'1 24 .6791 .7441 .8002 .8471 .8854 .9390 .9698 .9859 .9938 .99:74
25 .6041 .6758 .7401 .7958 .8428 .9119 .9540 .9776 .9697 .99:55
26 .5261 .6021 .6728 .7363 .7916 .877Q .9326 .9655 .9834 .99,24
27 .4481 .5256 .6003 .6699 .7327 .8344 .9047 .9487 .9741 . 98:77
28 .3730 .4491 .5251 .5986 .6671 .7838 .869.4 .9264 .9611 .98107
29 .3033 ,3753 .4500 .5247 .5969 .7259 .8267 .8977 .9435 . 97:06
30 .2407 .3065 .3774 .4508 .5243 .6620 .7765 .8621 .9204 .95.68
31 .1866 .2447 .3097 .3794 .4516 .5939 .7196 .8194 .8911 ;93'83
32 .1411 .1908 .2485 .3126 .3814 .5235 .6573 .7697 .8552 .91:45
33 .1042 .1454 .1949 .2521 .3155 .4532 .5911 .7139 .8125 .88:47
34 .0751 .1082 .1495 .1989 .2556 .3850 .5228 .6530 .7635 -; 84B6
35 .0528 .0787 . 1121 .1535 .2027 .320B .4546 .5885 .7086 .80li1
36 .0363 .0559 .OB22 .1159 .1574 .2621 .3883 .5222 .6490 .75''j6
37 .0244 .0388 .0589 .0856 . 1196 .2099 .3256 .4558 .5862 . 7037
38 .0160 .0263 .0413 .0619 .0890 .1648 .26B1 .3913 .5216 .6453
1 39 .0103 .0175 .0283 .0438 .0648 .1268 .2166 .3301 .4570 .58:40
I 40 .0064 .. OIl3 .0190 .0303 .0463.0956 .1717 .2737 .3941 .5210
] 41 .0039 .0072 .0125 .0205 .0323 .0707 .1336 .2229 .3343 .4581
42 .0024 .0045 .0080 .0136 .0221 .0512 .1019 .1783 .2789 .3967
43 .0014 .0027 .0050 .0089 .0148 .0364 .0763 . 1401 .2288 . 33:82
44 .0008 .0016 .0031 .0056 .0097 .0253 .0561 .1081. .IB45 .2838
'1 45 .0004 .0009 .0019 .0035 .0063 .0173 .0404 .OB19 .1462 .2343
46 .0002 .0005 . DOll .0022 .0040 .01l6 .0286 .0609 .1139 . 1903
. . 47 .0001 .0003 .0006 .0013 .0025 .0076 .0199 .0445 .0872 .1521
1 ' 48 .0001 .0002 .0004 .0008 .0015 .0049 .0136 .0320 .0657 . 1196
49 .0001 .0002 .0004 .0009 .0031 .0091 .0225 .0486 .0925
1 50 .0001 .0002 .0005 .0019 .0060 .0156 .0353 .0703
1 51 .0001 .0001 .0003 .0012 .0039 .0106 .0253 .Oq26
11 52 .0001 .0002 .0007 .0024 .0071 .0178 . 0387
53 .0001 .0004 .0015 .0047 .0123 .0281
1 54 .0001 .0002 .0009 .0030 .0084 .0200
j 55 .0001 .0006 .0019 .0056 .0140
1 56 .0001 .0003 .0012 .0037 . 0097
57 . 0002 . 0007 0024 . 0066
1 58 .0001 .0005 .0015 .0044
1 59 .0001 .0003 .0010 .0029
1 60 .0002 .0006 .0019
1 61 .0001 .0004 .0012
! 62 .0001 .0002 .0008
: 63 .0001.0005
j 64 .0001 .0003
i
I 65 .0002
1 ,66,,-,, . 0001
i1 (67 1)\
__ ~~=,~~"~, .0001
~
For values of m greater than 3D, use the table of areas urider the Normal curve (Table 3) to obtain appr oxtmate
Poisson probabilities, putting il = m and c = ..rm.
tv) If 1
f_;
\':
ct)
._ U
---.
ti)'
"',,",. "
;;
nssu: DISTlUBUTIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE TABLES.
Tat;lle 3
}.IREAS IN TAIL OF THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
. :,
sta nda rdi sed Normal/~"able selected at r ando rn will be g r-eat cr ~_ '.
than a value of u (= ----;;-) 1 - ~(u)
0 u
(x -~ .00 . 01 .02 .03 .01 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
c
0.0 .5000 .4960 .4920 .4880 .4840 1801 .4761 .4721, .4681
0.1 4.602 .4562 1522 .4483 .4443 .4404 .4364 .4325 ' .4286
0.2 .4207 .4168 .4129 .4090 .4052 .4013 .3974 .3936 .3897
0.3 .3821 .3783 .3745 .3707 .3669 .3632 .3594 .3557 .3520
0.4 .3446 .3409 .3372 .3336 .3300 .3264 .3228 .3192 .3156
r-
0.5 .3085 .3050 .3015 .2981 .2946 .2912 .2877 .2843 .281.0 .2776
0.6 .2743 .2709 .2676 .2643 .2611 .2578 .2546 .2514 .2483 ,~45f
0.7 .2420 .2389 .2358 .2327 .2296 .2266 .2236 .22.06 .2177 .2148
0.8 .2119 .2090 .2061 .2033 .2005 .1977 .194'9 1922 .1894 .1867
0.9 .1841 .1814 .1788 .1762 .1736 .1711 .1685 :1660 .1635 .1611
1.0 .1587 .1562 .1539 .1515 .1492 .1446 .1423 .14.01 .1379"
~46Jl
1.1 1357 . .1335 1314 .1292 .1271 . 251 .1230 121.0 .1190 .1170
1.2 1151 .1131 1112 .1093 .1075 .1"05'6 .1038 .102.0 .10.03 . .0985
1.3 , 0968 0951 .0934 . .0918 ..]<;1..01 . 0885 0869 0853 . 0838 .0823
1.4 0808 .0793 .0778 . 0764 , 0749 :.0735 .0721 .07.08 .0694 .068
1.5 .0668 .0655 .0643 .0630 .0618 .06.06 .0594 .0582 .057.1 .055
1..6 .0548 .0537 .0526 .0516 .0505 .0495 .0485 .0475 .0465 .045
1.7 .0446 .0436 .0427. .0418 .0409 .0401 .0392 .0384 .0375 ., .0367
1.8 .0359 .0351 .0344 .0336 .0329 .0322 .0314 .0307 ..0301, . .029
1.9 .0287 .0281 .0274 .0268 .0262 .0256 .0250 .0244 (0239 ) . .023
2.0 .02275 .0.2222 .G?169 I.
.02118 .02068 .oaois .01970 .01923 .01876 .018,
2.1 .01'186 .01743 .01700 .01659 .01618 .01578 .01539 .01500 .01463 G14~
2.2 .01390 .01355 ;,01321 .01287 .01255 .01222 .01191 .01160 .01130 .0110
2.3 .01072 .01044 .01.017 .00990 .00964 .00939 .00914 .00889 .00866 .008,4
2.4 .0.0820 .00798 .00776 .00755 .00734. .00714 .00695 . .0.0676 .00657 .0063
2.5 .0.0621 .0.0604 .00587 .00570 .00554 .00539 0052~ . .005.08 .00494
2.6 .00466 .0.0453 .00440 .00427 .00415 .00402 .00391 .00379 .00368
2.7 .00347 .00336 .00326 .00317 .00307 .00298 .00289 .0.0280 .00272
2.8 .00256 .00248 .0.0240 .00233 .00226 .00219 .00212 .0.0205 .00199
2.9 .0.0187 .00181 .00175 .00169 .00164 .00159 .00154, .00149 .00144
3 . .0 .00135
s. 1 .00097
3.2 .00069
3,3 .00048
3.4 .00034
3.5 .00023
3.6 .00016
3.7 .00.011
3.8 .00007
3.9 .00005
--.- .....