The Australian National University

College of Arts and Social Sciences

School of History

World at
War
1939 - 1945

HIST2136 - 2017

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 Table of Contents

Course description 3
Teaching staff 3
Aims of the course and Learning outcomes 4
Assessment 4
Guidelines on tutorials 5
First essay 6
Second essay 7
Examination 7
Essay writing 8
Late penalties and appeals 9
Lecture program 12
Tutorial program 14

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 Course Description

The Second World War was the greatest conflict in history. An estimated 60 million
men, women and children died in a war that engulfed the globe and shaped the world
in which we live. It was the defining event in the history of the twentieth century.
This comparative, transnational historical survey will focus on the political, social and
cultural aspects of World War Two, encouraging the consideration of a diverse range
of historical materials and perspectives. It will deal with the war in Europe and in Asia
and the Pacific, considering the relationships and differences between these theatres of
conflict. Topics and themes will include: Hitler and Japan's war aims; Blitzkrieg in
Poland and France; the uses of propaganda; civilian mobilisation and total war; the
effects of mass bombing; allied leadership, co-operation and division (Churchill,
Roosevelt and Stalin); the home front in several combatant nations; civilians
under Nazi occupation (collaboration and resistance); the experience of prisoners
of war; racial policies and genocide; wartime intelligence and espionage; science at
war; Japan's occupation of South East Asia; co-prosperity and anti-colonialism; the
debate over mass bombing; planning for peace and the liberation of Europe; the
decision to drop the atomic bomb and the origins of the Cold War .

Teaching Staff
Course coordinator and academic contact:

Professor Nicholas Brown

School of History
College of Arts and Social Sciences
Rm 3123 Coombs Building
6125 3052
nicholas.brown@anu.edu.au
Office hours: Wednesday 11:00-1:00

Course website

The Wattle site is: http://wattlecourses.anu.edu.au/course/view.php?id=14671.

Mode of delivery and workload

Two one-hour lectures and one hour long tutorial each week:

Lectures are at:

Tuesdays, 10:00-11:00, Coombs Lecture Theatre

Thursdays, 11:00-12:00, Physics Lecture Theatre

All lectures will be recorded and available on Wattle, including audio-visual material and
powerpoint material.

Tutorial times are listed on the Wattle site. You should sign up for tutorials as soon as
possible. Introductory tutorials will be held in the first week of semester, beginning 24
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July. All students should attend classes this week.

You will be expected to undertake set readings each week in preparation for tutorials, and
will be provided with additional references relating to each tutorial topic. Students will
normally spend four hours each week in preparation for tutorials.

Learning outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Understand the history of the Second World War, its origins, its course and its outcomes.
2. Understand the major controversies and moral debates surrounding the Second World
War.
3. Understand the different models of interpretation that have been used to explain key
aspects of the Second World War.
4. Critically analyse primary and secondary sources, to assess the relevance of information
to the particular topic under discussion, using the basic skills of historical inquiry and
historical analysis.
5. Apply evidence and theory, formulate arguments and express their views in both oral
and written form.

Indicative Assessment

Tutorial participation (10%) [LO 1,2,3,4,5]

One 1,000 word essay (20%) [LO 2,3,4,5] see page 5
One 3,000 word research essay (40%) [LO 2,3,4,5] see page 7
A two-hour closed book examination (30%) [LO 1,4,5] see page 7

Workload
2 x 1 hour lectures, 1 x 1 hour tutorial. Students are expected to commit 4 hours of private
study per week.

Prerequisites

To enroll in this course you must have completed 36 units of ANU courses towards a
degree, or have obtained the permission of the convenor.

Preliminary Reading

Evan Mawdsley, World War II: A New History (Cambridge University Press, 2009)

Recommended Reading

There is no set text for this course. In addition to Mawdsley, other valuable guides to the
period and the issues are:

P. Calvocoressi, G, Wint & J. Pritchard, Penguin History of the Second World War,
Penguin.
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John Keegan, The Second World War, Hutchinson.
M. Kitchen, World in Flames, Longman.
R.A.C.Parker, The Second World War, Oxford University Press.

Tutorials

Core tutorial reading, as identified in this guide, will be available through the
WATTLE website for this course, and as a file attachment to each weeks tutorial site.
Students are expected to read and reflect on all the reading provided in this file. In
addition, this guide also provides extensive lists of other reading, which students are
encouraged to consult as their interest guides them, and in preparation for essays and
examinations.

With regard to assessment for tutorial participation, a mark will be determined by assessing
each students contribution to tutorials (evidence of having done the tutorial reading, a
willingness to share ideas, listen to other students and participate in discussion). The following
table, while not prescriptive, indicates the criteria your tutor will take into account in making
this assessment:

9-10 7-8 5-6 3-4 0-2

Attends class Attends class Attends class Attends class Irregular
regularly; always regularly and mostly regularly and irregularly attendance at class
contributes to contributes to the sometimes but rarely with no
discussion by raising discussion in contributes contributes explanation and no
thoughtful the aforementioned to the discussion in to the discussion in contribution to
questions, ways. the aforementioned the
discussion.
analysing relevant ways. aforementioned
issues, building on ways.
others ideas,
synthesizing across
readings and points,
expanding the class
perspective, and
appropriately
challenging
assumptions

Essays

All essays are to be submitted via the Turnitin portal on the Wattle website for the
appropriate week unless students have made alternative arrangements at least two weeks
in advance with the course convenor,

1st Assignment: Mass-Observation at work

Your first assignment is a 1,000 exercise due no later than 4:30 pm, Monday 21 August
2017. This exercise requires you to address two core objectives:

- to creatively interrogate primary source material, considering how to understand

the creation of such material and to interpret its historical significance
- to reflect on how that material might be used to present an understanding of
World War II to a chosen audience and in a selected medium

The first objective will draw on your skills in historical analysis; the second on your
capacities to reflect on a historians practice in making their work accessible and
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engaging in a diversity of forms and purposes.

The ANU Library has a link to an Online Resource developed by the University of
Sussex and comprising the archives of Mass-Observation, a pioneering social research
organisation founded in the United Kingdom in 1937 and which became increasingly
active and integral to the management of the UKs war effort during World War II. This
archive can be accessed at: http://www.massobservation.amdigital.co.uk/. This site also
includes background information on Mass-Observation that you might find useful in
preparing for this assignment.

The work of Mass-Observation was drawn on by the British government in its wartime
mobilization and morale campaigns. Equally, Mass-Observation was critical of several
aspects of the governments management of society during the war, and highlighted the
transformations of everday life associate with the war. The existence of such a body
highlights the extent to which World War II coincided with, and relied upon, the
unprecedented regulation of populations.

The online archive also represents some of the ways in which digital capacities are
transforming the presentation, accessibility and use of historical knowledge and
historical research. This assignment asks you to reflect on both these dimensions.

The task: Once you have familiarized yourself with the background of Mass-
Observation, and with modules used to organize the archive, you should:

1. Select three specific sources from the site that relate directly to the impact or
experience of World War II and which can be usefully studied in combination to
develop an understanding of an aspect of the war that interests you
- these sources need not be from the same module (for example: you might
choose one publication, one direct questionnaire response and one
diaries extract)
- or you might chose contrasting or complementary sources, which mark
distinct events in or stages of the war, which reflect differences of class,
region, age, gender etc.
- the main criteria for your selection should be your judgement that your
sources can assist you in exploring an important aspect of historical
change that can be associated with World War II.
2. You should then decide how your sources might be presented in what
medium and to what audience to convey your understanding of their
historical significance
- could they be used in, or to inform, a museum exhibit? Could they be used
in a documentary film or to inform an historical re-enactment? Could they
be incorporated into an interactive website or app to be used in historical
tourism or education?
- your task is to propose how and why the form/media you have chosen
to present your sources will assist in engaging your selected audience
with that aspect of the World War II you have identified as of particular
importance.

You are free to structure this assignment as you think might best convey your interests.
You might address each of these elements in turn the reasons for your selection of
sources, and then your proposal relating to the presentation or you might make your
case as a pitch to collecting institution or a production company. You might present this
exercise as an exhibition proposal, for example, or a synopsis for a radio feature. Or you

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 could stay with the essay format, addressing the question: In what ways do these three
selections from the Mass Observation Archive reflect important aspects of the experience
and/or impact of World War II, and how might they be effectively presented as historical
evidence to a selected audience? The main objective for this assignment is to encourage
reflection both on why the war years might have produced the kinds of evidence that are
collected in the Mass-Observation archive, and how such historical materials might be
effectively used to develop an understanding of aspects of the war.

We will discuss approaches to this exercise in early lectures and tutorials.

This assignment must be submitted both in hard copy at the School of History office
and via the Turnitin portal on the Wattle site for Week 5. The hardcopy should have a
School of History essay cover sheet attached to the front with the students name and
the unit code, HIST2136.

Research Essay

A 3,000 word case study essay. The essay is due no later than 4:30 pm Monday 16
October 2017. A list of essay questions is on Wattle, but you are also free to refine these
questions or to develop your own in consultation with your tutor. You are also
encouraged to discuss the progress of your essay with the course convener, guest
lecturers and your tutor.

It is expected that this essay will engage substantially with documentary evidence and
historiographical debates and reflections. In researching this essay, students are
encouraged to use scholarly databases, including:

Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com.au/

Historical Abstracts: an online resource accessible through the ANU Library.

This essay must be submitted both in hard copy at the School of History office and via
the Turnitin portal on the Wattle site for Week 11. This assignment must be submitted
both in hard copy at the School of History office and via the Turnitin portal on the
Wattle site for Week 11. The hardcopy should have a School of History essay cover
sheet attached to the front with the students name and the unit code, HIST2136.

End of Semester Examination

A two-and-a half-hour (150 minute) closed-book examination will be held at the end
of the semester. The Examinations Office is responsible for timetabling all exams.
The examination could be held any time during the exam period. Students should not
make arrangements to be absent from the university until the examination timetable
is released.

The examination will be divided into three parts, A, B, and C. Each part will have the
same weighting and will count for one third of the total exam mark. Students will be
expected to answer three questions in total, one question from each of the three parts,
A, B, and C.

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 Part A will contain consist of a document exercise. Students will be presented with a
document which has been discussed in tutorials and asked to reflect on its historical
significance and contemporary value.

Part B will contain 13 questions, one question based on each of the tutorial topics
throughout the course. Students will be expected to write an essay type answer to one
question only. You should not write an exam answer relating to the tutorial topic that
informed your research essay.

Part C will contain 3 synoptic questions (that is, questions which invite reflection on an
issue of theme through which the coverage of the course as a whole can be viewed).
Students will be expected to write an essay type answer to one question only.

Essay Writing
Students should consult the History Reference Guide, a link to which appears on the
HIST2136 Wattle site. You are also encouraged to make full use of the services available
through the Academic Skills and Learning Centre: https://academicskills.anu.edu.au/.

Late Penalties and Notes on Assessment

1. Please retain all your written work after it has been marked and returned to
you. The examiners may require this material at the end of the year.

2. All pieces of written work should conform to the normal conventions for
presentation observed by historians. In particular all essays need to cite
sources in footnotes and have a bibliography.

3. The late submission of a piece of written work, without an extension, will incur
a penalty. Not to impose a penalty would penalise those students who met the
deadline and submitted their work on time.

Late penalties will be 5% per day (Monday to Friday) or 10% per week). Late
submission of assessment tasks is not accepted after 10 working days after the due
date

Please note however that there is an absolute FINAL deadline for all late
work: the last day of teaching for the semester. No outstanding or late piece
of work will be accepted after Friday 27 October 2017.

4. You are reminded that the College of Arts and Social Sciences regards
plagiarism as a most serious academic offence and that severe penalties will
be imposed on anyone who is found guilty of it. See the last page of this
course guide for CASSs statement on plagiarism.

5. In order to pass this subject you will need to reach a satisfactory standard in
tutorial performance, the prescribed written work and the thematic
essay/examination. Non-submission of any one of the three pieces of written
work automatically constitutes a fail grade.

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 6. Although we are proposing to give fixed percentages for written work and
tutorial performance, the examiners reserve the right to assess your overall
result more favourably than the arithmetic might allow.

Academic Honesty and Plagiarism

See: http://academichonesty.anu.edu.au/index.html.

Academic misconduct can seriously jeopardize your academic career, your future, and, if
you are an international student, your ability to stay in Australia to study. It is the
responsibility of each individual student to ensure that:

they are familiar with the expectations for academic honesty both in general, and in
the specific context of particular disciplines or courses

work submitted for assessment is genuine and original

appropriate acknowledgement and citation is given to the work of others

they do not knowingly assist other students in academically dishonest practice.

When in doubt about anything, ASK and ask EARLY - don't leave it until the assignment
due date. Your lecturers, tutors and College administration staff are here to help you.
It is the responsibility of everyone at the ANU to uphold and promote fundamental
principles of quality and integrity in scholarly work.

Students should also note that they must attempt all assessment items to pass the course.
Failure to do so will result in a grade of NCN.

Special Consideration and Deferred Examination

If your circumstances justify a request for special consideration or deferred examination, you will
need to:

login via ISIS to submit s DE or SC application;

applications will move electronically to the relevant decision maker: for SC to the
convenor; for DE to the Examinations Office;
the relevant information system will then need to be supplied.

All Deferred Examination applications will now be assessed in the Examinations Office regardless
of the timing of the examination in the semester. Please see:

http://www.anu.edu.au/students/program-administration/assessments-exams/special-assessment-
consideration

Appeals Procedure
See: http://cass.anu.edu.au/current-students/rules-and-policies/appeals

If you genuinely believe you have received an inappropriate or incorrect result, there are
steps you can take to have that result reviewed. This must be done within 30 working days
of the formal notification of results. Your first point of contact should always be your tutor
or the course convenor.
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 First Teaching Period

1. The World on the Eve of War: Europe and Asia

2. Hitler Germanys strategic ambitions and tactical gains
3. Europe under Nazism collaboration, resistance and endurance
4. Over-reach: Germany at its zenith, and war with the Soviet Union
5. Asia for the Asians: the ideological and economic logic of the Japanese Empire
6. The United States and war in the Pacific

Second Teaching Period

7. The Holocaust
8. Underbelly Italy, Africa and Operation TORCH
9. Home Fronts - in Europe, Asia, the US and Australia
10. The Secret War: Spies, signal intelligence and deception
11. Destruction and Reconstruction
12. Aftermath: the coming of the Cold War and reckoning with Japan

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 Tutorial Program

Week 1 beginning 24 July

Introductory and the world on the eve of war

Questions:

What expectations, assumptions and particular areas of interest do you bring to this course?

What would you see, at the outset of this course, to be the historical significance of World War
II, and its contemporary relevance?

In what ways do the perspectives of Hobsbawm, Keegan and Mawdsley differ? Which do you
find more useful, and why?

What is the value of the excerpts from Hitlers Mein Kampf and Miyazaki Masayoshi, Theory
of East Asian Federation as historical documents?

Core Tutorial Reading

Documents:

Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925), excerpt from J. Noakes & G. Pridham (eds), Documents on
Nazism, 1919-1945, [vol.1], Jonathan Cape, London, 1974, pp.500-2.

Miyazaki Masayoshi, Theory of East Asian Federation (1936), excerpt from J.C. Lebra (ed.),
Japans Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere in World War II, Oxford University
Press, Oxford, 1975, pp. 3-8.

Sample online discussion of the significance of World War II at sites such as

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_significance_of_World_War_2?#slide=1 or
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110310215137AASAHGn.

Secondary:

Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, Penguin, London, 1994, pp.
36-44.

John Keegan, The Second World War, Hutchinson, London, 1989, pp. 10-12.

Evan Mawdsley, World War II: A New History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009,
pp. 1-9.

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 Week 2 - beginning 31 July

Germanys strategic ambitions and tactical gains

Questions

1. What were the essential elements of Hitlers foreign policy program through the 1930s,
and do they amount to a blueprint for war?

2. What vision of Europe was central to Nazism, and to the terms in which some European
nations calculated their place within it?

3. What is Overys argument for why war broke out in Europe in 1939. Is it
persuasive?

4. Why was the treatment afforded to a defeated France by Germany so different from
that imposed on Poland?

Core tutorial reading:

Documents

Hitlers foreign policy aims, extract from Gerhard Weinberg (ed.), Hitlers Second Book,
Enigma Books, London, 2006, pp. 37-39.

Perceptions of German objectives in Walter Lipgens (ed.), Documents on the History of

European Integration, volume 1, Gruyter, Berlin, 1985.

Accounts of Blitzkreig in J. Noakes & G. Pridham (eds), Documents on Nazism, 1919-1945,

vol.3, Jonathan Cape, London, 1974, pp. 922-35.

Anon., I Saw Poland Suffer, Drummond, London, 1946, pp. 39-43, 62-68.

Maria Mikorska, Spring Held No Hope, M I Kolin, London, 1941, pp.21-37.

Secondary

Richard Overy, Germany, "Domestic Crisis" and War in 1939, Past & Present, no. 116,
1987, pp. 138-68.

Bryan Perrett, A History of Blitzkrieg, Robert Hale, London, 1983, pp.77-81.

Ian Ousby, Occupation: The Ordeal of France 1940-1944, Murray, London, 1997, pp.21-62.

Other reading

Ambitions:

Robert Boyce & E.M. Robertson (eds), Paths to War, Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1989.
I.G. Colvin, Vansittart in Office: An Historical Survey of the Origins of the Second World
War, V. Gollancz, London, 1965.
Richard J. Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich, Penguin, London, 2004.
David E. Kaiser, Economic Diplomacy and the Origins of the Second World War, Princeton
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University Press, Princeton NJ, 1980.
Victor Mallia-Milanes, The Origins of the Second World, Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1987.
Gordon Martel (ed), The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered: the A.J.P. Taylor
debate after twenty-five years, Allen & Unwin, Boston, 1986.
Arnold A. Offner, The Origins of the Second World War: American foreign policy world
politics, 1917- 1941, Praeger, New York 1975.
R.J. Overy, The Origins of the Second World War, Longman, London, 1987.
Norman Rich, Hitler's War Aims, New York, 1974.
E.M. Robertson, The Origins of the Second World War, Macmillan, London, 1971.
A. J. P. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1974, pp.7-
27.
Ernest Topitsch, Stalin's War: a radical new theory of the origins of the Second World War,
translated by A. and B. Taylor, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1987.
R. Young, France and the Origins of the Second World War, St Martins Press, New York,
1996.
D.C. Watt, How War Came: The immediate origins of the Second World War, 1938-1939,
Heinemann, London, 1989.

Gains:

M.S. Alexander, The Republic in Danger, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.
General Andre Beaufre, 1940: The Fall of France, translated by Desmond Flower, Cassell,
London, 1967.
J. Benoist-Mechin, Sixty Days that Shook the West: the fall of France 1940, G. P. Putnam's
Sons, New York, 1963.
J. Blatt (ed), The French Defeat of 1940: Reassessments. In Historical Reflections,
22: 1, 1996. Marc Bloch, Strange Defeat, Norton, New York, 1968.
J. Cains, Along the Road Back to France 1940, American Historical Review, 64: 3, 1959,
pp.583-605.
John Coutouvidis & Jaime Reynolds, Poland 1939-1947, Leicester University Press,
Leicester, 1986.
Jozef Garlinski, Poland in the Second World War, Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1985.
Jan Tomasz Gross, Polish Society under German occupation: the Generalgouvernement,
1939-1944, Princeton University Press, Princeton N.J., c.1979.
Alistair Horne, To Lose a Battle. France 1940. Macmillan, London, 1969.
P. Jackson, Recent journeys along the road back to France, 1940, Historical Journal, 39: 2,
1996, pp.497-510.
Herbert R. Lottman, The Fall of Paris: June 1940, HarperCollins, New York, c.1992.
R. Macleod and D. Kelly (eds), The Ironside Diaries 1937-1940, Constable, London,
1962.
Charles Messenger, The Art of Blitzkrieg, Ian Allan, London, 1991.
C. Milosz, Native Realm: A search for self-definition, Penguin, Harmondsworth, [n.d.]
Alexander B. Rossino, Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, ideology and atrocity, Lawrence
Kansas, 2003.
A Shennan, The Fall of France, 1940, Longman, London, 2000.
W.L. Shirer, The Collapse of the Third Republic: an inquiry into the fall of France in 1940,
Simon and Schuster, New York, 1969.
Paul Smith, Feminism and the Third Republic: Women's political and civil rights in France,
1918-1945, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.
Sir Edward Spears, Assignment to Catastrophe, Heinemann, London, 1954.

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 Week 3 - beginning 7 August

Europe under Nazism collaboration, resistance and endurance

For this week, each tutorial will divide into three groups, with each group presenting a case
for the experience and choice of each position in response to German occupation and
German attack.

1. Who do Laval and Petain blame for the defeat of France in 1940?

2. What defined collaboration and what defined resistance in wartime occupied France,
and who were the people most associated with each stance?

3. How unified were the movements of resistance in France and elsewhere in occupied
Europe, and what defined the tensions within them?

4. Londons Blitz evoked (and continues to evoke) a powerful imagery of stoic

endurance. How much of our understanding of this event is historically
accurate and how much is the product of wartime propaganda and post-war
mythmaking?

Core tutorial reading:

Documents

Collaboration

Pierre Laval Speech; and Philip Petain radio broadcast; in S.M. Osgood (ed), The Fall of
France, 1940. Causes and Responsibilities, Heath, Lexington Mass., 1972, pp.21-5.
French reactions to German occupation as recorded in Marcel Ophuls 1969 documentary The
Sorrow and the Pity, accessible at:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcRgxlgSXsg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOvZvA8K0LY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qsOH1ALlSo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlU5bMuNwDY

Resistance

Jean-Paul Sartre, Paris under occupation in The Aftermath of War (trans. Chris Turner),
Seagull, London, 2008, pp. 8-40.
French perceptions of German occupation in Walter Lipgens (ed.), Documents on the
History of European Integration, volume 1, Gruyter, Berlin, 1985.

Endurance

Document extracts from Richard J. Aldrich, Witness to War: Diaries of the Second World War in
Europe and the Middle East, London, Doubleday, 2004, pp. 148-63, 169-71.
Document extracts from Harold L. Smith (ed), Britain in the Second World War: a social
history, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1996 pp.41-51, 86-91 & 96-9.

Secondary
Collaboration
Julian Jackson, France: The Dark Years 1940-1944, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001,
pp. 139-141, 148-151, 166-170, 190-212.

Resistance
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Donny Gluckstein, A Peoples History of the Second World War: Resistance versus Empire,
Pluto, London, 2012, pp. 25-37

Joshua D. Zimmerman, The Attitude of the Polish Home Army (AK) to the Jewish Question
during the Holocaust: The Case of the Warsaw Uprising in Murray Baumgarten et al
(eds), Varieties of Antisemitism: History, Ideology, Discourse, University of Delaware
Press, Newark, 2009, pp. 105-126.

Endurance
David Reynolds, Churchill and the British Decision to Fight on in 1940 in David
Reynolds, From World War to Cold War: Churchill, Roosevelt and the International
History of the 1940s, Oxford University Press, 2006.
Robert Mackay, Half the Battle: Civilian morale during the Second World War, Manchester
University Press, Manchester, 2002, pp. 141-85.

Other reading:

Robert Aron, The Vichy Regime, 1940-44, Putnam, London, 1958.

Brett C. Bowles, La Tragedie de Mers-el-Kebir and the Politics of Filmed News in France,
1940-1944, Journal of Modern History, n.76, June, 2004, pp347-88.
P. Burrin, Living with Defeat: France under the German Occupation, 1940-1944, Arnold,
London, 1996.
Milton Dank, The French against the French: collaboration and resistance, Cassell,
London, 1978.
Hanna Diamond, Women and the Second World War in France, 1939-1948: Choices and
Constraints, Harlow, Longman, 1999.
M.R.D. Foot, Resistance: An analysis of European resistance to Nazism 1940-1945,
Methuen, London, 1976, pp.234-54.
M.R.D. Foot, Six Faces of Courage, Methuen, London, 1978, pp.29-44.
Marie Madeleine Fourcade, Noah's ark, translated by Kenneth, London, Allen & Unwin
London, [1973].
Robert Gildea, Marianne in Chains: In Search of German Occupation, 1940-1945,
Basingstoke, 2002.
B.M. Gordon, Collaborationism in France during the Second World War, Cornell
University Press, Ithaca NY. 1980.
B.M. Gordon The morphology of the collaborator: the French case, Journal of European
Studies, 23 (1993) pp.1-25.
R. Griffiths, Petain, Doubleday, New York, 1972.
W.D. Halls, The Youth of Vichy France, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981.
Gerhard Hirschfeld and Patrick Marsh, Collaboration in France: politics and culture during
the Nazi occupation, 1940-44, Oxford, New York, 1989.
J. Jackson, France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944, Oxford University Press, 2001
H.R. Kedward, Patriots and Patriotism in Vichy France, Transactions of the Royal
Historical Society, fifth series, 32, 1982, pp.175-92.
H.R. Kedward, In Search of the Maquis: rural resistance in southern France 1942-1944,
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993.
H R. Kedward, Resistance in Vichy France: a study of ideas and motivation in the
Southern Zone, 1940- 1942, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1978.
Roderick Kedward and Roger Austin (eds), Vichy France and the resistance: culture &
ideology, Croom Helm, London, 1985.
Megan Koreman, The Collaborators Penance: The Local Purge, 1944-5, Contemporary
European History, 6, 2, 1997, pp.177-192.
Lawrence D. Kritzman (ed), Auschwitz and After: race, culture, and "the Jewish question" in

15
 France, Routledge, New York, 1995.
Simon Kitson, From Enthusiasm to Disenchantment: the French Police and the Vichy
Regime, Contemporary European History, vol.11, 3, 2002, pp.371-90.
Lloyd, Collaboration and Resistance in Occupied France, Palgrave Macmillan,
Basingstoke, 2003.
Michael R. Marrus and Robert O. Paxton, Vichy France and the Jews, New York: Basic
Books, New York, 1981.
Christopher Neumaier, The Escalation of German Reprisal Policy in Occupied France,
1941-42, Journal of Contemporary History, no.41, 2006, pp.113-31
Ian Ousby, Occupation: the ordeal of France 1940-1944, Murray, London, 1997.
Robert O. Paxton, Vichy France: old guard and new order, 1940-1944, Knopf, New York,
1972.
R. Paxton & M. Marrus, Vichy France and the Jews, Schocken, New York, 1983.
Miranda Pollard, Reign of Virtue: Mobilizing gender in Vichy France, University of Chicago
Press, Chicago, 1998, pp.98-120.
Judith K. Proud, Children and Propaganda: il etait une fois...fiction and tale in Vichy,
Intellect, Oxford, 1995.
Werner Rings, Life with the enemy: collaboration and resistance in Hitler's Europe: 1939-
1945, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, c.1982.
Margaret L. Rossiter, Women in the Resistance, Praeger, New York, 1986.
Henry Rousso, The Vichy Syndrome: history and memory in France since 1944 (trans.
Arthur Goldhammer), Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., 1991.
Paul Smith, Feminism and the Third Republic: women's political and civil rights in France,
1918-1945, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.
John Sweets, Choices in Vichy France, Oxford University Press, New York, 1986.
Margaret Collins Weitz, Sisters in the Resistance: How women fought to free France, 1940-
1945, J. Wiley, New York, c.1995.
B. Beaven, & D. Thoms, The Blitz and Civilian Morale in Three Northern Cities, 1940-1942,
Northern History, 32, 1996, pp.195-203.
Angus Calder, The Myth of the Blitz, Jonathan Cape, London, 1991.
Angus Calder, The People's War: Britain 1939-45, London, Cape, London, 1969.
Angus Calder, Speak for Yourself. A Mass-Observation Anthology, 1937-49, Cape, London,
1984.
Martin A. Doherty, Nazi Wireless Propaganda: Lord Haw-Haw and British Public Opinion in
the Second World War, Edinburgh, 2000.
Geoffrey Field, Nights Underground in Darkest London: the Blitz, 1940-1941, International
Labour and Working Class History, 62, (fall 2002), pp.11-49.
Jean R. Reedman, Whistling in the Dark: Memory and Culture in Wartime London, Lexington
Ky, 1999.
Philip Graystone, The Blitz on Hull, 1940-45, Lampada Press, [England], 1991.
J. Harris, War and social history: Britain and the home front during the Second World War,
Contemporary European History, Vol. 1, 1, 1992, pp.17-35.
Tom Harrison, Living through the Blitz, Collins, London, 1976.
Jeremy Havardi, Projecting Britain at War: The national character in British World War II Films,
McFarland, London, 2014, chapter 4.
E. Jones, R. Woolven, B. Durodi, & S. Wessely, Civilian Morale During the Second World
War: Responses to Air Raids Re-examined, Social History of Medicine, 17(3), 2004,
pp.463-479.
Pat Kirkham and David Thoms (eds), War culture: social change and changing experience in
World War Two, Lawrence & Wishart, London, 1995.
J. Leutze (ed), The London observer: the journal of General Raymond E. Lee, 1940-1941,
Hutchinson, London, [1972.
Norman Longmate, Air raid: the bombing of Coventry, 1940, Hutchinson, London, 1976.
MacKay, Half the Battle. Civilian Morale in Britain During the Second World War, Manchester
University Press, 2002.
Ian McLaine, Ministry of morale: home front morale and the Ministry of Information in World
War II, Allen & Unwin, London, 1979.
16
Sin Nicholas, The Echo of War Nicholas, The Echo of War: Home Front Propaganda and the
Wartime BBC, 1939-45, Manchester, 1996.
Jeremy Noakes (ed), The Civilian at War, Exeter, 1992.
Bryan Perrett, Liverpool: a city at war, Robert Hale, London, 1990.
Sonya O. Rose, Which Peoples War? National Identity and Citizenship in Wartime Britain
1939-1945, Oxford University Press, 2003.
Chris Sladen, Wartime Holidays and the "Myth of the Blitz, Cultural and Social History,
2(2), 2005, pp. 215-245.
Malcolm Smith, Britain and 1940: History, Myth and Popular Memory, London, 2000.
Donald Thomas, An Underworld at War: Spivs, Deserters, Racketeers and Civilians in the
Second World War, London, 2003.
Jozo Tomasevich, War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945, Stanford University Press,
Stanford, 2001.
Paul Tweddle, The Winter Blitz, 1940-41, Modern History Review, 10(4), 1999, pp.26-29.
Neil Wallington, Firemen at war: the work of London's fire-fighters in the Second World War,
David & Charles, Newton Abbot, c.1981.
Philip Ziegler, London at War, 1939-1945, New York, 1995.

17
 Week 4 - beginning 14 August

Over-reach: Germany at its zenith, and war with the Soviet Union

1. What did Hitler mean in March 1941 when he told his military commanders that the
impending conflict between Germany and the Soviet Union will be very different
from the war in the west?

2. In what ways did the opening of a second front in Europe change or challenge the
Allied perception of the war?

3. What characterized the decisive battle battles of the Eastern Front, the siege of
Leningrad, for example, or the battle of Stalingrad?

4. Was it Soviet heroism and self-sacrifice that eventually prevailed against the German
Army, or fear of Stalins Order Number 227?

Core tutorial reading:

Documents

Hitlers speech 30 March 1941, Heydricks instructions to the Einsatzgruppen, Occupation

Policy in Russia 16 July 1941, and Otto Brautigams criticism 25 October 1942, in J.
Noakes & G. Pridham (eds), Documents on Nazism, 1919-1945, vol.1 Jonathan Cape,
London, 1974, pp.619-630.

Excerpts from interviews with General Alexander Rodimtsev and Nurse Vera Gurova from
Jochen Hellbeck, Stalingrad: The city that defeated the Third Reich, Public Affairs,
New York, 2015, pp. 291-315.

Extracts from Gabriel Gorodetsky, The Maisky Diaries: Red Ambassador to the Court of St
James 1932-1943, Yale University Press, 2015, pp. 361-77.

Secondary:

Karel C. Berkhoff, Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II,
Cambridge Mass., Harvard University Press, 2012, ch. 7.

Roger D. Marwick and Euridice Charon Cardona, Soviet Women on the Front Line in the
Second World War, London, Palgrave, 2012, ch. 6.

Richard Overy, Russias War, Allen Lane, London, 1998, pp.125-185.

Other reading:

Catherine Merridale, Ivan's War. Life and Death in the Red Army, 1939-1945, New York:
Metropolitan Books, 2006.
Roger Reese, Why Stalin's Soldiers Fought. The Red Army's Military Effectiveness in World War II,
Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2011.
Anna Krylova, Soviet Women in Combat. A History of Violence on the Eastern Front, Cambridge
and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Olga Kucherenko, Little Soldiers: How Soviet Children Went to War 1941-1945, New York:
Oxford University Press, 2011.
Julie K. deGraffenried, Sacrificing Childhood: Children and the Soviet State in the Great Patriotic
War, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2014.
Laurie R. Cohen, Smolensk under the Nazis. Everyday Life in Occupied Russia, Rochester:
University of Rochester Press, 2013.
18
Yitzhak Arad, The Holocaust in the Soviet Union, Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009.
Lisa A. Kirschenbaum, "'Our City, Our Hearths, Our Families': Local Loyalties and Private Life in
Soviet World War II Propaganda," Slavic Review 59, no. 4 (2000): 825-47;
John Barber, "Popular Reactions in Moscow to the German Invasion of June 22, 1941," Soviet
Union/Union Sovietique 18 (1991); 5-18
Oleg Budnitskii, "The Great Patriotic War and Soviet Society: Defeatism, 194142," Kritika:
Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 15, no. 4 (2014): 767-97
Mark Harrison, "The USSR and Total War. Why Didn't the Soviet Economy Collapse in 1942?" in:
A World at Total War. Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937-1945, ed. Roger
Chickering, Stig Frster and Bernd Greiner, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.,
137-56.
J. A. Armstrong, Soviet partisans in World War II, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison,
1964.
Antony Beevor, Stalingrad, Penguin, London, 1999.
Seweryn Bialer (ed), Stalin and his generals: Soviet military memoirs of World War II,
Westview Press, Boulder, 1984.
Omer Bartov, The Eastern Front, 1941-45: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare,
Hampshire, 2001.
P. Carell, Scorched Earth, [tr. from the German by E.Osers], G.G.Harrap, London, 1970.
Robin Cross, Citadel: the battle of Kursk, Michael O'Mara, London, c.1993.
Matthew Cooper, The Nazi war against Soviet partisans, 1941-1944, Stein and Day, New
York, 1979.
Alexander Dallin, German rule in Russia, 1941-1945; a study of occupation policies,
Macmillan, London,1957
G.A.Dixon and O.Heilbrunn, Communist guerilla warfare, Allen Unwin, London, 1954
John Erickson, The Road to Stalingrad, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1975.
John Erickson, The Road to Berlin, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1983.
James Harris, Was Stalin a Weak Dictator, Journal of Modern History, no.75, June, 2003,
pp.375-86.
Daniil Kraminov, The spring of 1945: notes by a Soviet war correspondent, [translated
from the Russian by Sergei Chulaki], Novosti Press, Moscow, 1985.
Barry A. Leach, German Strategy Against Russia, London, 1973.
S.M. Miner, Stalins Holy War. Religion, Nationalism and Alliance Politics, 1941-1945,
University of North Caroline Press, Chapel Hill NC, 2003.
Timothy Mulligan, The politics of illusion and empire: German occupation policy in the
Soviet Union, 1942-1943, Praeger, New York, 1988.
Richard Overy, Russias War, London, , 1998.
Louis C. Rotundo (ed), Battle for Stalingrad: the 1943 Soviet General Staff study,
Pergamon-Brassey, Washington, 1989.
H.E. Salisbury, The 900 days. The siege of Leningrad, Secker & Warburg, London, 1969.
Alexander Werth, The year of Stalingrad: an historical record and a study of Russian
mentality, methods and policies, Hamilton, London, 1946.
Alexander Werth, Russia at war: 1941-1945, Barrie and Rockliff, London, 1964]
J.K. Zawodny, Partisans, Soviet Studies, 17:3. 1966), pp.368-377.

19
 Week 5 beginning 21 August

Asia for the Asians: the ideological and economic logic of the Japanese Empire

1. What do you understand to have been the Japanese strategy (and the assumptions underlying it)
when they went to war with Britain and the USA in 1941?

2. Is race (and racial prejudice) the key to understanding the nature of the war in Asia and the
Pacific?

3. What does the advice given to Japanese Imperial Army soldiers prior to invading South East
Asia suggest about Japans intensions towards civilians in the countries it would invade in 1941?

4. What was the Greater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere and did the promise match the
experience of Japanese occupation?

Core Tutorial Reading

Documents

Defense Summation: Tojo Hideki, in R.J. Pritchard and S.M. Zaide (eds), The Tokyo War Crimes
Trial, 1981, Vol. 19, pp. 47,274-297; 47,320-359; 47,477-483; 47,513-526
Declaring War on the USA and Britain, reprinted in R. Minear (ed.), Through Japanese
Eyes, A CITE Book, New York, 1994, pp. 116-18.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Transcript of Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration
of War Against Japan (1941), 8 December 1941.
Excerpts from Read This Alone And the War Can be Won, translation of Japanese Imperial
Army pamphlet, in M. Tsuji, Singapore 1941-1942, Oxford University Press, Singapore,
1988, pp.300-11.

Secondary

A. Fujiwara, 'The Road to Pearl Harbor', in H. Conroy and H. Wray (eds), Pearl Harbor
Reexamined, Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, 1990, pp. 151-61.

J. Marshall, To Have and Have Not: Southeast Asian Raw Materials and the Origins of the
Pacific War, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1995, ix-xvi, pp. 1-32, 173-187

Other reading:

Louis Allen, The End of the War in Asia, London, 1976.

Louis Allen, Singapore 1941-1942, London, 1977.
Lorraine V. Aragon, "Japanese Time" and the Mica Mine: Occupation Experiences in the Central
Sulawesi Highlands, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 27, no. 1, (Mar., 1996), pp.
49-63.
C.J. Argyle, Japan at War, London, 1976.
G. Daniels, 'The Great Tokyo Air Raid, 9-10 March 1945, in W.G. Beasley (ed)., Modern Japan,
London, 1975.
David Day, The Great Betrayal. Britain, Australia and the Onset of the Pacific War 1939-42,
Melbourne, 1988.
David Day, Reluctant Nation: Australia and the Allied Defeat of Japan, 1942-45, Melbourne,
1992.
J.W. Dower, War Without Mercy, New York, 1986.
H.P. Frei, Japans southward advance and Australia: from the sixteenth century to World War II,
MUP, Melbourne, 1991.
H. Gordon Bennett, Why Singapore Fell, Sydney, 1944.
Gerald Horne, Race war: white supremacy and the Japanese attack on the British Empire, New
York University Press, New York, 2004.
20
Thomas Havens, Valley of Darkness. The Japanese People and World War Two, New York,
1978.
Saburo Ienaga, The Pacific War. World War II and the Japanese, New York, 1978.
Akira Iriye, Power and Culture. The Japanese American War, 1941-1945, Cambridge Mass.,
1981.
Akira Iriye, The Origins of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific, London, 1987.
W.R. Louis, Imperialism at Bay: the United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire,
1941-1945, Oxford, 1978.
N.I. Low, When Singapore was Syonan-To, Singapore, 1973.
Gurbachan Singh Mangat, Indian National Army, Role in India's Struggle for Freedom, New
Delhi, 1991.
L.D. Meo, Japan's Radio War on Australia, 1941- 1945, Melbourne, 1968.
R.H. Myers & M.R. Peattie (eds), The Japanese Colonial Empire, Princeton, 1984.
Hank Nelson, Prisoners of War. Australian Under Nippon, ABC, Sydney, 1985.
I.H. Nish "The Great East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere', in Keith Neilson & Roy A. Prete (eds),
Coalition Warfare: an Uneasy Accord, Waterloo, Ont., 1983, pp.125-42
G.W. Prange, At Dawn We Slept. The Untold Story of Pearl Harbour, New York, 1981.
W. Donald Smith, Beyond "The Bridge on the River Kwai": Labor Mobilization in the
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, International Labor and Working-Class History,
no. 58, (Fall, 2000), pp. 219-238.
Peter Stanley, The invasion that wasnt, Wartime, Issue 22, 2002
J.J. Stephan, Hawaii under the Rising Sun, Honolulu, 1984.
W.L. Swan, Japan's Intentions for Its Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere as Indicated in Its
Policy Plans for Thailand, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 27, No. 1,1996, pp.
139-149.
C.G. Thorne, Allies of a Kind. The United States, Britain and the War Against Japan, 1941-1945,
London, 1978.
Christopher Thorne, 'Racial Aspects of the Far Eastern War of 1941-1945', Proceedings of the
British Academy, 66, 1980, pp.329-77.
M. Tsuji, Singapore the Japanese Version, Sydney, 1960.

21
 Week 6 beginning 28 August
The United States and War in the Pacific

1. How prepared was the United States for war with Japan?

2. In what ways was war in the Pacific seen to be different to war in Europe?

3. How did American soldiers respond to, or act out, those differences in perception?

4. Did combat in the Pacific express an American way of war?

Core Tutorial Reading

Documents

Studs Terkel, The Good War: An Oral History of World War Two, New York, Random House, pp.
59-97

Secondary

Ronald Spector, Eagle Against the Sun: The American war with Japan, Free Press, New York,
1985, pp. 9-32
William L. ONeill, A Democracy at War: Americas Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II,
New York, Free Press, 1993, pp. 267-300.
Peter Schrijvers, The GI War Against Japan: American soldiers in Asia and the Pacific during
World War II, New York, New York University Press, 2002, pp. 226-243.

Other Reading

Gunther Bischof and Robert L. Dupont (eds), The Pacific War Revisited, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
State University Press, 1997
John Dower, War Without Mercy: Race and power in the Pacific War, Pantheon, New York, 1986.
Edward J. Drea, Great Patience is Needed: America encounters Australia, 1942, War and
Society, vol. 11, no. 1, 1993, pp. 21-32.
William B. Hopkins, The Pacific War: The strategy, politics and players that won the war, Zenith,
Minneapolis, 2006.
Iriye, Akira, The Origins of the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific, 1987, London,
Longman, 1987.
William Bruce Johnson. The Pacific Campaign in the Pacific in World War II: From Pearl Harbor
to Guadalcanal, Routledge, London,. 2006.
Gerald Lindeman, The World Within War: Americans Combat Experience in World War II, Free
Press, New York, 1997.
David Kennedy, Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War 1929-1945,
New York, Oxford, ch. 16.
Daniel Marston (ed), The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbour to Hiroshima, Oxford,
Osprey, 2005.
Peter Schrijvers, Bloody Pacific: American soldiers at war with Japan, New York, Palgrave, 2010.
Christopher Thorne, Allies of a Kind: the United States and Britain in the war against Japan 1941-
45, Hamilton, London, 1978.
Christopher Thorne, Racial Aspects of the Far Eastern War of 1941-45, Proceedings of the British
Academy, vol. 66, 1980, pp. 329-77.
Weingartner, James, Trophies of War: US Troops and the mutilation of Japanese war dead, 1941-
45, Pacific Historical Review, vol. 61, 1992, pp. 52-67.
Weingartner, James, War Against Subhumans: Comparisons between the German war against the
Soviet Union and the American War Against Japan, 1941-45, The Historian, 58, no. 3,1996,
pp. 557-73.

22
 Week 7 - beginning 18 September

Euthanasia, Genocide and the Holocaust

Questions

1. In what sense was the Euthanasia Program in Germany a precursor to the Holocaust?

2. What caused the Nazis to implement their Final Solution to the Jewish problem?

3. In what ways did Jewish people experience and comprehend the evolution of the
Hitlers final solution?

4. Was the Holocaust a purely Nazi crime, or were the German nation and the
German people responsible?

Core tutorial reading:

Documents:

Extracts on Civilian Morale and on the various euthanasia programs & moves towards
the systematic extermination of the Jews in J. Noakes & G. Pridham (eds),
Documents on Nazism, 1919-1945, Viking, New York, pp. 654-669, 1005-11 & 1036-
41.

Extracts from accounts of the impact of policy from Robert G. Moeller (ed), The Nazi
State and German Society, St Martins, Boston, pp. 129-32

Yankel Wiernik, A Year in Treblinka, New York, [1944], pp.13-30 & 42-46.

Secondary:

Mark Mazower, Hitlers Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe, Allen and Unwin,
London, 2008, ch. 12.

Other reading:

Robert Gellately, The Gestapo and German Society, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990, pp. 129-
58.
Jill Stephenson, Women, Motherhood and the Family in the Third Reich, in M. Burleigh
(ed), Confronting the Nazi Past, St Martins Press, New York, pp.167-83.
Rab Bennett, Under the Shadow of the Swastika. The Moral Dilemmas of Resistance and
Collaboration in Hitlers Europe, London, 1998.
Terry Charman, The German home front 1939-45, London, Barrie & Jenkins, 1989.
Richard J. Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich, Penguin, London, 2004.
Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich in Power, 1933-1939, Penguin, New York, 2005.
Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich at War, 1939-1945, Allen Lane, 2008.
Joy Fox, Resistance and the Third Reich, Journal of Contemporary History, no.39, 2004,
pp.255-70.
H. Fraenkel, Strength through joy: sex and society in Nazi Germany, London, Secker &
Warburg, [1973].
Peter Fritzsche, Germans into Nazis, Cambridge Mass., 1998.
Robert Gellately, The Gestapo and German Society, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
Robert Gellately, Backing Hitler: consent and coercion in Nazi Germany, Oxford University
Press, 2001.
N.J.W. Goda, Black Marks: Hitlers Bribery of his Senior Officers during World War II,
23
 Journal of Modern History, no.72, June 2000, pp.413-52.
Richard Grunberger, A social history of the Third Reich, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.
T.S. Hamerow, On the Road to the Wolfs Lair: German Resistance to Hitler, Harvard
UP, 1997.
Ulrich Herbert, Hitlers Foreign Workers, trans W. Templer, Cambridge University
Press, 1997.
Eric A. Johnson & Karl-Heinz Reuband, What We Knew: Terror, Mass Murder, and Everyday
Life in Nazi Germany; an Oral History, Cambridge Mass., 2005.
Marion A. Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair: Jewish Life in Nazi Germany, New
York, OUP, 1998.
Ian Kershaw, The Hitler Myth: Image and Reality in the Third Reich, Oxford, 1987, 151-
168.
Ian Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship, Edward Arnold, London, 1989, pp.70-81.
Ian Kershaw, Working towards the Fuhrer Reflections on the Nature of the Hitler
Dictatorship, Contemporary European History, vol.2, 2, July 1993, pp.103-18.
Ian Kershaw, Hitler. 1936-45: Nemesis, Allen Lane, London, 2000.
Ian Kershaw, Hitler and the Uniqueness of Nazism, Journal of Contemporary History, no.39,
2004, pp.239-54.
Martin Kitchen, Nazi Germany at War, Longman, London, 1995.
H.W. Koch (ed), Aspects of the Third Reich, London, Macmillan, 1985.
H.W. Koch, In the name of the Volk: political justice in Hitler's Germany, London, 1989.
Claudia Koonz, Mothers in the Fatherland: Women, the Family, and Nazi politics, St
Martins Press, New York, 1987.
Harold Marcuse, Legacies of Dachau: Uses and Abuses of a Concentration Camp, 1933-
2001, Cambridge, 2001.
Alan S. Milward, The German economy at war, London.
Hans Mommsen, The Realization of the Unthinkable: the Final Solution of the Jewish
Question in the Third Reich, in G. Hirschfeld (ed), The Policies of Genocide,
Allen & Unwin, London, 1986, pp.97-129.
Jeremy Noakes, Leaders of the People? The Nazi Party and German Society, Journal of
Contemporary History, no.39, 2004, pp.189-212.
D.J.K. Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1993.
Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich: memoirs, New York : Collier Books, 1981.
Marlis G. Steinert, Hitler's war and the Germans; public mood and attitude during the
Second World, Ohio University Press, c1977.
Gotz Aly, Peter Chroust, and Christian Pross, Cleansing the Fatherland: Nazi medicine and
racial hygiene, translated by Belinda Cooper, Johns Hopkins University Press,
Baltimore, c.1994.
David Bankier, The Germans and the final solution: public opinion under Nazism,
Blackwell, Oxford, 1992.
Richard Breitman, Official Secrets: what the Nazis planned and what the British and
Americans knew, Viking, London, 1998.
Martin Broszat, Hitler and the Genesis of the Final Solution: an Assessment of David
Irvings Thesis, in H.W. Kock (ed), Aspects of the Third Reich, Macmillan,
London, 1985.
Christopher R. Browning, Fateful months: essays on the emergence of the final solution,
Holmes & Meier, New York, 1985
Christopher R. Browning, The final solution and the German Foreign Office: a study of
Referat D III of Abteilung Deutschland, 1940-43, Holmes & Meier, New York, 1978.
Christopher R. Browning, Ordinary men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the final solution
in Poland, Aaron Asher Books, New York, 1992.
David Cesarani (ed), The Final Solution: origins and implementation, Routledge, London,
1994.
L.S. Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945, New York, 1975.
Lucjan Dobroszycki (ed), The Chronicle of the Lodz ghetto, 1941-1944, edited and translated

24
 by Richard Lourie, Yale University Press, New Haven, c.1984.
Geoff Eley (ed), The Goldhagen Effect: History, Memory, Nazism Facing the German
past, Ann Arbor, 2000.
Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl, New York, 1967.
Martin Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies, London, 1981.
Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust, the Jewish Tragedy, London, 1986.
Martin Gilbert (ed). Surviving the Holocaust, the Kovno Ghetto Diary, Massachusetts, 1988.
J. Glass, Jewish Resistance During the Holocaust, London, 2004.
J.M. Glass, Life Unworthy of Life: Racial Phobia and Mass Murder in Hitlers Germany,
Harper Collins, New York, 1997.
D. J. Goldhagen, Hitler's willing executioners: ordinary Germans and the Holocaust,
Alfred A Knopf, New York, 1996.
Beth Griech-Polelle, Image of a Churchman-Resister: Bishop von Galen, the Euthanasia
Project and the Sermons of Summer 1941, Journal of Contemporary History, vol.36,
no.1, Jan 2001, pp.41-57.
Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, New York, 1985.
Eric A. Johnson, Nazi Terror: The Gestapo, Jews and Ordinary Germans, New York, 1999.
Berel Lang, Act and idea in the Nazi genocide, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1990.
H. Langbein, Work in the Concentration Camp System, Dachau Review, vol.1, Dachau, n.d.
Walter Laqueur, The Terrible Secret: Suppression of the Truth about Hitler's 'Final
Solution', London, 1980.
H. Marcuse, Legacies of Dachau: Uses and Abuses of a Concentration Camp, 1933-2001,
Cambridge, 2001.
Richard Rhodes, Masters of Death. The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust,
Alfred A Knopf, New York, 2002.
R.A. Shandley, (ed), Unwilling Germans? The Goldhagen Debate, Minneapolis, 1998.
Yuri Suhl (ed), They Fought Back: The Story of Jewish Resistance in Nazi Europe,
London, 1968. Samuel Willenberg, Surviving Treblinka, edited by Wladyslaw T.
Bartoszewski & translation by Naftali Greenwood, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1989.

25
 Week 8 - beginning 25 September
Underbelly Italy, Africa and TORCH

Questions:

1. What interests did Italy have in committing itself to World War II, and how was Mussolinis
Fascist state challenged by the course of the war?

2. What significance did the battles in North Africa have in the larger context of the war from
both an Allied and Axis perspective?

3. What strategic, tactical and political issues emerged in the planning and execution of Operation
TORCH?

Core Tutorial Reading:

Documents:

Excerpts from Hugh Gibson (eds), The Ciano Diaries 1939-1943, Doubleday, New York, 1946.
Excerpt from B.H. Liddell Hart (ed), The Rommel Papers, Collins, London, 1953.

Secondary:

Norman Gelb, Desperate Venture: The Story of Operation Torch, the Allied Invasion of North
Africa, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1992, ch. 11.
Philip Morgan, The Fall of Mussolini: Italy, the Italians, and the Second World War, Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 2007, ch. 2.
Michael Paris, El Alamein: The peoples battle, History Today, vol. 52, no. 10, 2002, pp. 21-27.

Background:

Evan Mawdsley, World War II: A new history, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009, ch.
10

Other Reading:

Nir Arielli, Fascist Italy and the Middle East 1933-1940, Palgrave, London, 2010.
Rick Atkinson, An Army at Dawn: The war in North Africa 1942-43, Holt, New York, 2002.
Simon Ball, Bitter Sea: The struggle for mastery of the Mediterranean 1935-1949, Harper Collins,
London, 2009.
Neil Barr, Pendulum of War: Three Battles of Alamein, Cape, London, 2004.
Patrick Bernhard, Behind the Battle Lines: Italian Atrocities and the Persecution of Arabs, Berbers
and Jews in North Africa during World War II, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol. 26,
no. 3, 2012, pp. 425-446.
R.J.B. Bosworth, The Italian Dictatorship: Problems and perspectives in the interpretation of
Mussolini and Fascism, Arnold, London, 1998.
R.J.B. Bosworth, Mussolini, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002
R.J.B. Bosworth, Mussolinis Italy: life Under the Dictatorship, Penguin, New York, 2006.
Michael Carver, Dilemmas of the Desert War: A new look at the Libyan campaign 1940-42,
Imperial War Museum, London, 1986.
Paul Corner, The Fascist Party and Popular Opinion in Fascist Italy, Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 2012.
Jonathan Fennell, Combat and Morale in the North Africa Campaign: The Eight Army and the path
to El Alamein, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
Jonathan Fennell, Courage and Cowardice in the North African Campaign: The Eighth Army and
Defeat in the Summer of 1942, War in History, vol. 20, no. 1, 2013, pp. 99-122.
26
Norman Gelb, Desperate Venture: The Story of Operation Torch, the Allied Invasion of North
Africa, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1992.
Macgregor Knox, Hitlers Italian Armies: Royal Armed Forces, Fascist Regime and the War of
1940-43 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000).
Aristotle A. Kallis, Fascist Ideology: Territory and Expansionism in Italy and Germany 1922-
1945, Routledge, London, 2000.
Philip Morgan, The Fall of Mussolini: Italy, the Italians, and the Second World War, Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 2007, ch. 2.

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 Week 9 beginning 2 October
Home Fronts in Europe, Asia, the United States and Australia

Questions:

1. What is meant by the concept of a Home Front as it applied during World War II, and
what does it seek to reflect?
2. Are there any common features to the home fronts as they developed across the range of
nations involved in World War II?
3. What groups in society were most effected by the domestic impacts of total war and in
what ways?

Core Reading:

There are no set documents for this weeks reading: students are encouraged to select their own,
and come to class prepared to discuss their choice.

Secondary

Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behaviour in the Second World War, New York, Oxford
University Press, 1989, pp. 164-95
Donny Gluckstein, A Peoples History of the Second World War: Resistance versus Empire,
Pluto, London, 2012, pp. 177-192.
Arthur Marwick, Problems and Consequences of Organising Society for Total War in N.F.
Dreisziger (ed), Mobilisation for Total War: The Canadian, American and British
Experience, Laurier University Press, Waterloo Ontario, 1981, pp. 3-21.
Rebecca Manley, To the Tashkent Station: Evacuation and Survival in the Soviet Union in the
Second World War, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 2009, ch. 5.

For the more adventurous:

Susan Gubar, This Is My Rifle, This Is My Gun: World War II and the Blitz on Women in
Margaret Higonnet et al (eds), Behind The Lines: Women and Gender and the Two
World Wars. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1987, pp. 227-59.

Other

Michael Adams, The Best War Ever: America and World War II, Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1994, ch. 6
John Barber and Mark Harrison, The Soviet Home Front 1941-1945: A Social and Economic
History of the USSR in World War II, Longman, London, 1991.
Angus Calder, The Peoples War: Britain 1939-45, Cape, Lond, 1969.
Kate Darian-Smith, War Stories: Remembering the Australian Home Front During the Second
World War in eds. Kate Darian-Smith and Paula Hamilton, Memory and History in
Twentieth-Century Australia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1994, pp. 137-157
Donny Gluckstein, A Peoples History of the Second World War: Resistance versus Empire,
Pluto, London, 2012.
Margaret Higonnet et al (eds), Behind The Lines: Women and Gender and the Two World
Wars. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1987.
Maureen Honey, Creating Rosie the Riveter class, gender, and propaganda during World War II,
University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 1984
David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War 1929-45,
New York, Oxford, 1999, pp. 746-97.
Marilyn Lake, Female Desires: The Meaning of World War II in Richard White and Penny
28
 Russell (eds), Memories and Dreams: Reflections on 20th Century Australia, Allen and
Unwin, Sydney, 1990, pp. 117-136
Jeremy Noakes (ed), The Civilian in War : the home front in Europe, Japan and the USA in
World War II, Exeter University Press, 1992.
William L. ONeill, A Democracy at War: Americas Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II,
New York, Free Press, 1993, pp. 201-66.
George Roeder, The Censored War: American visual experience during World War Two, Yale
University Press, New Haven, 1993.
Kay Saunders, War on the Homefront: State Intervention in Queensland 1938-1948 (St Lucia:
University of Queensland Press, 1993.
W.H. Tuttle, Daddys Gone to War: The Second World War in the Lives of Americas Children,
Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
Mikhail N. Narinsky, The Soviet Union: The Great Patriotic War? in David Reynolds et al, Allies
at War: The Soviet, American and British Experience 1939-1945, New York, St Martins,
2006, pp. 261-83.

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 Week 10 beginning 9 October
The Secret War: Spies, Signals Intelligence and Deception

Questions:

1. Why, and in what ways, was signal-intelligence so central to the conduct of World War
II?

2. What is ULTRA, and why was the dissemination of ULTRA material to be so closely
guarded?

3. What was the Fortitude South deception and why did the German High Command fall
for it?

4. Do you agree that the success of Operation Overlord depended on two key factors,
allied control of the air, and deception?

5. Why does the image of the 'spy' occupy such a central place in recreations of World War
II?

Core tutorial reading:

Ewen Montagu, Beyond Top Secret U, London, 1977, pp.36-45 & 157-61.

Ultra, Marshall to Eisenhower, memorandum 15 March 1944, in T. Mulligan (ed), Covert

Warfare. 1 Ultra, Magic and the Allies, New York, 1988, ch.6.

Decoded ULTRA intercepts, reproduced in R. Bennett, Ultra in the West: the Normandy
Campaign of 1944-45, London, 1979. ( indicates repeat. Spellers, ABLE, BAKER,
CHARLIE etc indicate a letter, i.e., ABLE = A).

F.H. Hinsley, The influence of Ultra in the Second World War, in F.H. Hinsley & A. Stripps
(eds), Codebreakers: the inside Story of Bletchley Park, Oxford, 1993, pp.1-13.

Charles Cruickshank, Deception in World War II, Oxford, 1979, pp.170-189.

Richard Overy, Why the Allies Won, Pimlico, London, 1996, pp.144-179

Other reading:

Richard Aldrich, Intelligence and the War against Japan: Britain, America and the Politics of
Secret Service, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Ralph Bennet, Behind the Battle: Intelligence in the war with Germany, 1939-45,
London, 1994.
Ralph Bennet, Intelligence Investigations: How Ultra Changed History, London, 1996.
S. Budiansky, Battle of Wits. The complete story of codebreaking in World War II,
Harmondsworth, 2002.
Cabinet Office, British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy
and Operations, HMSO, 1993.
Charles Cruickshank, Deception in World War II, Oxford, 1979.
David M. Glantz, Soviet military deception in the Second World War, London, F. Cass, 1988.
M.I. Handel (ed), Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War, London,
1987.
F.H. Hinsley & A. Stripps (eds), Codebreakers: the inside Story of Bletchley Park,

30
 Oxford, 1993. Michael Howard, Strategic Deception in the Second Ward
War, Pimlico, London, 1990.
Wladyslaw Kozaczuk, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher was Broken, and How it
was Read by the Allies in World War Two, trans, C. Kasparek, University
Publications of America, 1984.
Roland Lewin, The Other Ultra, London, 1982.
J.C. Masterman, The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945, Canberra, 1972.
Ewen Montagu, Beyond Top Secret U, London, 1977.
Timothy Mulligan (ed), Covert Warfare. 1 Ultra, Magic and the Allies, New York, 1988.
Richard Overy, Why the Allies Won, Pimlico, London, 1996
R.A. Ratcliff, Delusions of Intelligence: Enigma, Ultra and the End of Secure Ciphers,
Cambridge, 2006.
Hugh Skillen, Spies of the airwaves: a history of Y Sections during the Second World War,
Pinner, Middlesex, 1989.
Hugh Skillen, Enigma and its Achilles Heel, Middlesex, 1992.
Nigel West, MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations, 1909-45, London,
1983.
Nigel West, Unreliable Witness: Espionage Myths of the Second World War, London,
1984.
F.W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret, London, 1975.
F.W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Spy, London, 1989.
Martin Young, Trojan horses: extraordinary stories of deception operations in the Second
World War, London, Bodley Head, 1989.

31
 Week 11 - Week beginning 16 October

Bombing the reasons, the impacts, the debate

For this weeks tutorial students should choose either Strategic Bombing or The Atomic Bomb and
come to class prepared to debate the arguments associated with each.

Strategic Bombing

Questions:

1. What arguments did Bomber Harris use to resist the breaking up of Bomber Command
in 1942?

2. What was the effect of the Allied bombing campaign on the German economy and war
production?

3. Did the Allied bombing campaign strengthen or weaken German civilian morale?

4. Was the British and US bombing of German cities morally justified?

Core tutorial reading:

Harris Memorandum, 28 June 1942, in A. Verrier, The Bomber Offensive, Batsford, London,
1968, pp.338-42.

The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy. The United States Strategic
Bombing Survey, Overall Economic Effects Division, 31 October 1945, pp.1-14.

Air Raids and their impact on German morale, in J. Noakes (ed), Documents on Nazism, 1919-
1945 vol.4, University of Exeter Press, Exeter, 1998, pp.552-58 & 565-70.

Neil Gregor, Schicksalsgemeinschaft? Allied Bombing, Civilian Morale, and Social

Dissolution in Nuremberg, 1942-1945, Historical Journal, 43(4), 2000, pp.1051-1070.

Frederick Taylor, Dresden: Tuesday 13 February 1945, Bloomsbury, 2005, pp.412-26.

Other reading:

H. Boog (ed), The Conduct of the Air War in the Second World War, New York, 1992.
S. Cox (ed), The strategic air war against Germany, 1939-1945: report of the British
Bombing Survey Unit, London, F. Cass, 1998.
G. Daniels, 'The Great Tokyo Air Raid, 9-10 March 1945, in W.G. Beasley (ed)., Modern
Japan, London, 1975.
Gordon Daniels (ed), A Guide to the reports of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey:
I Europe, II The Pacific, London, Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1981.
R.G. Davis, Carl A Spaatz and the Air War in Europe, Washington, 1993.
Jorg Friedrich, The Fire. The Bombing of Germany, 1940-1945, Columbia University Press,
2006.
S.A. Garret, Ethics and Airpower in World War II. The British Bombing of German Cities,
New York, 1996.
Neil Gregor, Schicksalsgemeinschaft? Allied Bombing, Civilian Morale, and Social
Dissolution in Nuremberg, 1942-1945, Historical Journal, 43(4), 2000, pp.1051-1070.
W.C. Haraldson, et.al., Overall Economic Effects Division report, U.S. Strategic Bombing

32
 Survey, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, n.p., [1946].
Sir Arthur Harris, Bomber offensive, London, Collins, 1947.
Max Hastings, Bomber Command, London, 1999.
Robert Jackson, Storm from the skies: the strategic bombing offensive, 1943-1945, London,
Barker, 1974.
E.B. Kerr, Flames over Tokyo, New York, 1991.
Gerald Kirwin, Allied Bombing and Nazi Domestic Propaganda, European History
Quarterly, 15(3), 1985, pp.341-362.
Alan J. Levine, The strategic bombing of Germany, 1940-1945, New York, Praeger, 1992.
Norman Longmate, The bombers: the RAF offensive against Germany, 1939-1945, London,
Hutchinson, 1983.
David MacIsaac, Strategic bombing in World War Two: the story of the United States
Strategic Bombing Survey, New York, Garland, 1976.
Charles Messenger, 'Bomber' Harris and the strategic bombing offensive, 1939-1945, London,
Arms and Armour, 1984.
Martin Middlebrook and Chris Everitt (eds), The Bomber Command war diaries: an
operational reference book, 1939-1945, Harmondsworth, Viking, 1985.
R.J. Overy, The air war 1939-1945, London, Europa, c.1980.
Alison Owings, Frauen. German Women recall the Third Reich, Penguin, London, 1995,
esp. Frau Ursula Kretzschmar, pp.191-96.
Richard Overy, Bomber Command 1939-1945, London, HarperCollins, 1997.
Ronald Schaffer, Wings of judgment: American bombing in World War II, New York, Oxford
University Press, 1985.
M.S. Sherry, The Rise of American Air Power: the Creation of Armageddon, Yale University
Press, New Haven, 1987.
Eric Taylor, Operation Millennium: Bomber Harris's raid on Cologne, May 1942, London,
Hale, 1987.
Frederick Taylor, Dresden: Tuesday 13 February 1945, Bloomsbury, 2005.

The Atomic Bomb

Questions:

1. Who was in favour of using of the Atomic Bomb against the Japanese in 1945 and
who opposed its use?

2. What factors were behind President Trumans decision to drop the Atomic Bomb on
Japan?

3. Did the Atomic Bomb really end the war with Japan?

4. Why did the proposed fiftieth anniversary Enola Gay exhibition at the
Smithsonian prove unacceptable to the US Senate in 1995?

Essential tutorial reading:

Excerpts from writings by Truman, Stimson, Eisenhower, Leahy, Crew, McCloy,

Byrnes, Forrestal, together with Japanese peace feelers, in W.B. Wheeler & S.D.
Becker (eds), Discovering the American Past, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1995,
pp.206-227

Henry L. Stimson, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, Harpers Magazine, February
1947, reprinted in K.Bird & L. Lifschultz (eds), Hiroshimas Shadow, Pamphleteers
Press, Connecticut, 1998, pp.197-210.

B.J. Bernstein, A Post-War Myth: 500,000 US lives saved, in K.Bird & L. Lifschultz (eds),
33
 Hiroshimas Shadow, Pamphleteers Press, Connecticut, 1998, pp.130-4.

John W. Dower, Unconditional Surrender at the Smithsonian, in K.Bird & L. Lifschultz

(eds), Hiroshimas Shadow, Pamphleteers Press, Connecticut, 1998, pp.338-42.

Other reading:

Michael Amrine, The Great Decision: the secret history of the atomic bomb, New York,
Putnam, 1959.
Gar Alperovitz, Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam, New York, 1965.
B.J. Bernstein, 'The Perils and Politics of Surrender: Ending the War with Japan and Avoiding
the Third Atomic Bomb', Pacific Historical Review, vol.46, no.1, February, 1977.
Committee for the compilation of materials on damage caused by the atomic bombs,
Hiroshima and Nagasaki: the physical, medical and social effects of the atomic
bombings, Basic Books, New York, 1979.
J.D. Chappell, Before the Bomb: How America Approached the End of the Pacific War,
Lexington, 1997.
Herbert Feis, Japan Subdued: the atomic bomb and the end of the war in the Pacific, Princeton
University Press, 1961.
Edwin Fogelman, Hiroshima: the decision to use the A-bomb, C. Scribner's Sons, New York,
1964.
Margaret Gowing, Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939-1945, London, 1964.
L.R. Groves, Now It Can Be Told, The Story of the Manhattan Project, New York, 1962.
Michihiko Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary: the journal of a Japanese physician August 6 -
September 30, 1945, translated and edited by Warner Wells, Chapel Hill, University of
North Carolina Press, 1955.
Stephen Harper, Miracle of Deliverance: the case for the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1985.
Robert Jay, Hiroshima in America: fifty years of denial, New York, Putnam's Sons, 1995.
Dan Kurzman, Day of the Bomb: countdown to Hiroshima, New York, McGraw Hill Book
Company, 1986.
R.J. Maddox, Weapons for Victory: The Hiroshima Decision Fifty Years Later, Columbia
Missouri, 1995.
Ronald Schaffer, Wings of Judgment: American bombing in World War II, New York: Oxford
University Press, 1985.
Kyoko Iriye Seldon & Mark Seldon, The Atomic Bomb: voices from Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Armonk, N.Y, M.E. Sharpe, c1989.
Martin J. Sherwin, A World Destroyed: The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance, New
York, 1975.
Dennis D. Wainstock, The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb, Westport CT, 1996.
J. Samuel Walker, Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the use of atomic bombs
against Japan, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

34
 Week 12 Week beginning 23 October

Ideas of Reconstruction in Peace, and Justice

Questions:

1. What were seen as the central priorities and objectives of post-war reconstruction, and what
were seen as the central challenges?
2. What resources were available to those in government, or in society, seeking to make the
transition from war to peace, and how well were they served by those resources?
3. In what ways were the challenges of reconstruction, and of finding justice, understood by
the victorious nations in the approaches to the defeated nations, and to those areas of the
world seen to be on the edge of a new nationalism in the wake of World War II?

Core Reading:

Documents:

William Beveridge, extract from Social Insurance and the Allied Services (1942) from Karel
Williams and John Williams, A Beveridge Reader (Allen and Unwin, London, 1987), pp.
54-55.
Commonwealth of Australia, extract from Full Employment in Australia, Government Printer,
Canberra, 1945, pp. 2-3.
Excerpts from Michael R. Marrus, The Nuremberg War Crimes Trail 1945-46, Bedford Books,
Boston, 1997, pp.35-43
British Commonwealth Occupation Forces, excerpts from Know Japan, BCOF, Tokyo, 1946.
John Morris, excerpts from The Phoenix Cup: Some Notes on Japan in 1946, Cresset Press, 1947.

Secondary:

Georgina Fitzpatrick, Cannibalism and the War Crimes Trials in Georgina Fitzpatrickm Tim
McCormack and Narelle Thomas (eds), Australias War Crimes Trials 1945-1951, Brill
Nijhoff, Leiden, 2016, pp. 291-235.
Joanna Bourke, Going Home: The Personal Adjustment of British and American Servicemen
after the War in Richard Bessel and Dirk Schumann eds), Life after Death: Approaches to
a Cultural and Social History of Europe during the 1940s and 1950s, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2003, pp. 149-160.
Jose Harris, Great Britain: The Peoples War? in David Reynolds et al, Allies at War: The Soviet,
American and British Experience 1939-1945, New York, St Martins, 2006, pp,.233-59.
Ian Nish, Britain, The End of the War in Asia and the Transformation of Empire in Gerhard
Krebs and Christian Oberlander (eds), 1945 in Europe and Asia, Deutsches Institut for
Japanstudien, Munich, 1997, pp. 235-249.

Other reading

Sanjoy Bhattacharya and Benjamin Zachariah, A Great Destiny: the British Colonial State and
the Advertisement of Post-War Reconstruction in India, 1942-45, South Asia Research,
vol. 19, no. 71, 1999, pp71-100.
Richard Bessel and Dirk Schumann eds), Life after Death: Approaches to a Cultural and Social
History of Europe during the 1940s and 1950s, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
2003,
Theodore Cohen, Remaking Japan: The American Occupation as New Deal, Free Press, New York,
1987
Jose Harris, William Beveridge: A Biography, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1977, ch.15-16.
Colin Hay, The Structural and Ideological Contradictions of Britains Post-War Reconstruction,
35
 Capital and Class, vol. 18, no. 12, 1994, pp. 2559.
T.E.B. Howarth, Prospect and Reality: Great Britain 1945-1955, Collins, London, 1985.
Kevin Jeffreys, British Politics and Social Policy during the Second World War, Historical
Journal, vol. 30, no.1, 1987, pp. 123-44.
Gerhard Krebs and Christian Oberlander (eds), 1945 in Europe and Asia, Deutsches Institut for
Japanstudien, Munich, 1997
Rodney Lowe, The Second World War, Consensus, and the Foundation of the Welfare State,
Twentieth Century British History, vol. 1, no. 1, 1990, pp. 152-82.
Tim Maga, Judgement at Tokyo: the Japanese War Crimes Trials, University of Kentucky Press.
Lexington, 2001.
Phillip Piccigallo, The Japanese on Trial; Allied War Crimes Operations in the East 1945-1951,
University of Texas Press, Austin, 1979.
N. Tiratsoo, Reconstruction, Affluence and Labour Politics, Routledge, London, 1990.
Richard Ned Lebrow, Wulf Kansteiner and Claudio Fogu (eds), The Politics of Memory in Postwar
Europe, Duke University Press, Durham, 2006.
Marianna Torgovnick, The War Complex: World War II in Out Time (University of Chicago
Press, Chicago, 2005.

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