GENERAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

"ARTICLE 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Cooperative Code of 2008".

"ART. 2. Declaration of Policy.- It is the declared policy of the State to foster the creation and

growth of cooperatives as a practical vehicle for promoting self-reliance and harnessing people

power towards the attainment of economic development and social justice. The State shall

encourage the private sector to undertake the actual formation and organization of cooperatives

and shall create an atmosphere that is conducive to the growth and development of these

cooperatives.

"Toward this end, the Government and all its branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities and

agencies shall ensure the provision of technical guidance, financial assistance and other services

to enable said cooperatives to develop into viable and responsive economic enterprises and thereby

bring about a strong cooperative movement that is free from any conditions that might infringe

upon the autonomy or organizational integrity of cooperatives.

"Further, the State recognizes the principle of subsidiarity under which the cooperative sector will

initiate and regulate within its own ranks the promotion and organization, training and reserach,

audit and support services relative to cooperatives with government assistance where necessary.

"ART. 3. General Concepts. - A cooperative is an autonomous and duly registered association of

persons, with a common bond of interest, who have voluntarily joined together to achieve their

social, economic, and cultural needs and aspirations by making equitable contributions to the

capital required, patronizing their products and services and accepting a fair share of the risks and

benefits of the undertaking in accordance with universally accepted cooperative principles.

Filipino culture, good values and experience and the universally accepted principles of cooperation

which include, but are not limited to, the following:

"(1) Voluntary and Open Membership - Cooperatives are voluntary organizations, open to all

persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership, without

gender, social, racial, cultural, political or religious discrimination.

"(2) Democrative Member Control - Cooperatives are democratic organizations that are controlled

by their members who actively participate in setting their policies and making decisions. Men and

women serving as elected representatives, directors or officers are accountable to the membership.

In primary cooperatives, members have equal voting rights of one-member, one-vote.

Cooperatives at other levels are organized in the same democratic manner.

"(3) Member Economic Participation - Members contribute equitably to, and democratically

control, the capital of their cooperatives. At least part of that capital is the common property of the

cooperative. They shall receive limited compensation or limited interest, if any, on capital

subscribed and paid as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any or all of

the following purposes: developing the cooperative by setting up reserves, part of which should at

least be indivisible; benefitting members in proportion to their partonage of the cooperative's

bubsiness; and, supporting other activities approved by the membership.

"(4) Autonomy and Independence - Cooperatives are autonomous, self-help organizations

controlled by their members. If they enter into aggreements with other organizations, including

government, or raise capital from external sources, they shall do so on terms that ensure democratic

control of their members and maintain their cooperative autonomy.

their members, elected and appointed representatives, managers, and employees, so that they can

contribute effectively and efficiently to the development of their cooperatives.

"(6) Cooperation Among Cooperatives - Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and

strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national, regional and

international structures.

(7) Concern for Community - Cooperatives work for the sustainable development of their

communities through policies approved by their members.

"ART. 5. Definition of Terms. The following terms shall mean:

"(1) Member includes a person either natural or juridical who adhering to the principles set forth

in this Code and in the Articles of Cooperative, has been admitted by the cooperative as member;

"(2) General Assembly shall mean the full membership of the cooperative duly assembled for the

purpose of exercising all the rights and performing all the obligations pertaining to cooperatives,

as provided by this Code, its articles of cooperation and bylaws: Provided, That for cooperatives

with numerous and dispersed membership, the general assembly may be composed of delegates

elected by each sector, chapter or district of the cooperative in accordance with the rules and

regulations of the Cooperative Development Authority;

"(3) Board of Directors shall mean that body entrusted with the management of the affairs of the

cooperative under its articles of cooperation and bylaws;

"(4) Committee shall refer to any body entrusted with specific functions and responsibilities under

the bylaws or resolution of the general assembly or the board of directors;

"(5) Articles of Cooperation means the articles of cooperation registered under this Code and

includes a registered amendment thereof;

thereof;

"(7) Registration means the operative act granting juridical personality to a proposed cooperative

and is evidenced by a certificate of registration;

"(8) Cooperative Development Authority refers to the government agency in charge of the

registration and regulation of cooperatives as such hereinafter referred to s the Authority;

"(9) Universally Accepted Principles means that body of cooperative principles adhered to

worldwide by cooperatives;

"(10) Representative Assembly means the full membership of a body of representatives elected by

each of the sectors, chapter or district o the cooperative duly assembled for the purpose of

exercising such powers lawfully delegated unto them by the general assembly in accordance with

its bylaws;

"(11) Officers of the Cooperative shall include the members of the board of directors, members of

the different committee created by the general assembly, general manager or chief executive

officer, secretary, treasurer and members holding other positions as may be provided for in their

bylaws;

"(12) Social Audit is a procedure wherein the cooperative assesses its social impact and ethical

performance vis--vis its stated mission, vision, goals and code of social responsibility for

cooperatives to be established by the Authority in consultation with the cooperative sector. It

enables the cooperative to develop a process whereby it can account for its social performance and

evaluate its impact in the community and be accountable for its decisions and actions to its regular

members;
"(13) Performance Audit shall refer to an audit on the efficiency and effectiveness of the

cooperative as a whole; its management and officers; and its various responsibility centers as basis

for improving individual team or overall performance and for objectively informing the general

membership on such performance;

"(14) A Single-Line or Single-Purpose Cooperative shall include cooperative undertaking

activities which are related to its main line of business or purpose;

"(15) Service Cooperatives are those which provide any type of service to its members, including

but not limited to, transport, information and communication, insurance, housing, electric, health

services, education, banking, and savings and credit;

"(16) Subsidiary Cooperative refers to three or more primary cooperatives, doing the same line of

business, organized at the municipal, provincial, city, special metropolitan political subdivision,

or economic zones created by law, registered with the Authority to undertake business activities

in support of its member-cooperatives."