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    Questions:: R. I. Badran Solid State Physics

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    Cazimir Bostan
    This document discusses crystal structures and properties of different Bravais lattices. It includes: 1) Tables of lattice constants for common elements that crystallize in fcc and bcc structures. 2) Questions about the number of lattice points, coordination number, cell volume, and nearest neighbor distances for fcc and bcc structures. 3) A table summarizing properties of sc, bcc, and fcc cubic crystal structures. 4) Information about the simple hexagonal Bravais lattice structure, including a calculation of its packing fraction.

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    Questions:: R. I. Badran Solid State Physics

    Uploaded by

    Cazimir Bostan
    29 views5 pages
    This document discusses crystal structures and properties of different Bravais lattices. It includes: 1) Tables of lattice constants for common elements that crystallize in fcc and bcc structures. 2) Questions about the number of lattice points, coordination number, cell volume, and nearest neighbor distances for fcc and bcc structures. 3) A table summarizing properties of sc, bcc, and fcc cubic crystal structures. 4) Information about the simple hexagonal Bravais lattice structure, including a calculation of its packing fraction.

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    This document discusses crystal structures and properties of different Bravais lattices. It includes: 1) Tables of lattice constants for common elements that crystallize in fcc and bcc structures. 2) Questions about the number of lattice points, coordination number, cell volume, and nearest neighbor distances for fcc and bcc structures. 3) A table summarizing properties of sc, bcc, and fcc cubic crystal structures. 4) Information about the simple hexagonal Bravais lattice structure, including a calculation of its packing fraction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views5 pages

    Questions:: R. I. Badran Solid State Physics

    Uploaded by

    Cazimir Bostan
    This document discusses crystal structures and properties of different Bravais lattices. It includes: 1) Tables of lattice constants for common elements that crystallize in fcc and bcc structures. 2) Questions about the number of lattice points, coordination number, cell volume, and nearest neighbor distances for fcc and bcc structures. 3) A table summarizing properties of sc, bcc, and fcc cubic crystal structures. 4) Information about the simple hexagonal Bravais lattice structure, including a calculation of its packing fraction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    R. I.

    Badran Solid State Physics

    Table 1: Examples of fcc elemental (monatomic) crystal structures


    o o
    Element a ( A) Element a ( A)
    Ar 5.26(4.2K) Ne 4.43(4.2K)
    Ag 4.09 Ni 3.52
    Ca 5.58 Pb 4.95
    Cu 3.61 Th 5.08

    Table 2: Examples of bcc elemental (monatomic) crystal structures


    o o
    Element a ( A) Element a ( A)
    Ba 5.02 Li 3.49(78K)
    K 5.23(5K) Na 4.23(5K)
    Cr 2.88 Mo 3.15
    Fe 2.87 V 3.02

    Questions:

    1) How many lattice points are in a unit cell of each of the fcc
    and bcc Bravais lattices?
    2) What is the coordination number of each of fcc and bcc
    structures?
    3) Find the volume of primitive cell in each of the fcc and bcc
    structures.
    4) What is the value of the distance of nearest neighbor for
    each of the fcc and bcc structures?

    [Note: There is two important factors that specifies the most


    densely crystal structure; these are, (a) the largest PF (b) the
    highest coordination number].

    19
    R. I. Badran Solid State Physics

    Packing Fraction (PF) for cubic crystal structures:


    Example: Copper crystallizes in a fcc structure.
    a) What is the total number of atoms in this structure?
    b) Find the PF of this structure.

    4r

    Figure 14: A cross-ection of half-face of the cubic


    fcc conventional cell.

    Solution:
    a) The total number of atoms= (1/8 × 8 + 1/2 × 6)= 4 atoms
    a
    b) Since 4r = a 2 , thus the distance of nearest neighbor =
    2

    , [because 2r is the nearest neighbor].

    vatoms 4( 4 3 πr 3 )
    PF = =
    Vcell a3

    a
    we found that r =
    2 2
    16π
    ∴ PF = = 0.74
    3(16 2 )

    20
    R. I. Badran Solid State Physics

    Table 3: Properties of cubic crystal structures

    sc bcc fcc
    Lattice points per unit cell 1 2 4
    Lattice points per unit volume 1 2 4
    a3 a3 a3
    Number of nearest neighbors 6 8 12
    Nearest neighbor distance a 0.86a 0.707 a
    Number of second neighbors 12 6 6
    Second neighbor distance 1.41a a a
    Volume of conventional cell a3 a3 a3
    Volume of primitive cell a3 a3 a3
    2 4
    Packing fraction 0.52 0.68 0.74

    Simple hexagonal lattice (sh):


    The primitive vectors that form a simple hexagonal Bravais

    r r a r
    a
    lattice are, 1 = a ˆ
    x , 2 = ( xˆ + 3 yˆ ) and a3 = czˆ , as shown
    a
    2
    r r
    a a
    in figure 15. The vectors 1 and 2 give us the triangular lattice
    in the x-y plane, while c represents the altitude; this is because
    a third atom stacks the planes a distance c above another i.e.
    c= a =2r.
    In the conventional sh unit cell there are three atoms which
    contribute as follows:

    21
    R. I. Badran Solid State Physics

    1. Since there are 12 atoms at the corners that are equally shared
    between 6 unit cells; thus they contribute a total of two atoms.
    2. The atoms in the centers of the top and bottom of the cell are each
    shared between two unit cells. They contribute a single atom to
    the cell, [see figure 16].

    ẑ
    r
    a3
    r
    r ŷ a2 r
    a3 a2

    60°

    r x̂ r
    a1 a1

    Figure 15: The simple hexagonal (sh) Bravais lattice

    22
    R. I. Badran Solid State Physics

    a
    60°

    Figure 16: The base of simple hexagonal conventional cell

    Example: Find the PF of the simple hexagonal Bravais lattice.

    Solution:
    The volume of hexagonal unit cell =
    The area of the base (hexagon) × Altitude (c)
    Area of hexagon = 6 × area of dashed triangle (in figure 16)
    3 3 2
    = 6( 1 2 ha) = a
    2

    3 3
    ∴ V cell = ca 2

    2
    we know that c = a = 2r

    3( 4 3 πr 3 )
    ∴ PF = = 0.60
    3 3 2
    ca
    2

    23

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