Practical Navigation

Uploaded by

profaderomana

Available Formats

Download as PDF or read online on Scribd

50% found this document useful (2 votes)

318 views

Practical Navigation

Uploaded by

profaderomana

Available Formats

Download as PDF or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 121

PRACTICAL NAVIGATION Sra e¥ 13/26(06 NUTSHELL SERIES BOOK 1 BY SUBRAMANIAM Principal, LBS. Collegeof Advanced Maritime Studies & Research, ‘Munda VIJAYA PUBLICATIONS 2 CHAITRA, $50 ELEVENTH ROAD, (CHEMBUR, MUMBAI, 400 071PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION “The overheling response, in India and abroad, to the “Nutshell Series’ of books, espevally this fst one ~ Practical Navigation - has encouragod me wo keep thinking of various ways by which improvements could be made with cach subssqunt ction In this edition, sufficient theory has been added to make the student understand the subject of racial Navigation batter than was posible with the previous editions Working with the help of Nautical Tables has boon retained but the ute of a simple, scenic, electronic ealulstor tas bern ilutrated and encouraged throughout, Since the subject of ‘Spherieal Trigonometry” has been covered by ‘Nutshell Seis’ book number eight, the descriptions Of steps in the chapters on Great Citele and Composite Cire Saag havo ben suitably reduced Bombay Ist December 1995 1H. Subramsniam 1 2 3 4 3 7 ® 9 10 n 2 a rr 1s CONTENTS Recommended ers and abbreviations Teresi references Celestial references Figure dawing| Prsiminary calculations Plane ad parallel sling ise | ~ Plane & parallel sailing ‘Use of Traverse Tables Exercise 2- Use of Traverse Tables “Tho Mercator Char Mereator sailing serie 3~ MeteatorSaling “orteton of aides theory CConetion of altitudes - practical Days work Chronometer tine Exercise 4 = Chronometer error “Theory of astronomical position ines SUN orked examples and excises M1 = Meridian altitude 142 Azimuth 143- Amplitude 14,4 Lamgitde by chronometer 145 ere 146 -Ex-meriian SSTARS - worked examples and exercises 15.1» Meridian altitude 152 Azimuth 153 = Longitude by chronometer 1544 Increet 133-Ex-meciian 156 Polaris2 4 2s PLANETS - wotked examples and exercises 6.1 -Merdan ale 162 ~ Azimut 163 -Langiude by chrovometr 164 Iterecpt 165 -Exmerdian MOON - worked cxamples and exerises 17.1 Amplitude 172 Meridian altude 173 Asimuth 174 Longitude by chonometer 17 Tmorsopt 17.6- Exmersian Grapes) combination of sights ‘A =. Sinultancous observations B- Staggered observations Corestion of simple erors insights [Exercise 25 - Eros in sights Computation of abides Eerese 29 - altitude computation Star identification Exercise 30 star ieatifiation Great Cece Sailing Exercise 31 - great stele sling Composite Circle Sailing ercie 32~compeite circle sling [Ati Above and below the pole ‘Stars suitable for observation Exercne 33 suitable stars Answers ‘Summary of formula: for us by cleultor 21 ry 126, ps re 136 139 140 Ma M6 as 6s vs 12 ie 137 188 [ABBREVIATIONS] RECOMMENDED TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS TERMS: (4) Dead reckoning (or DR) poston is that obtained by allowing for courses and distances ony () Eximated position (or EP) is that obtained by allowing for courses and distances and also for estimated leeway and current, ian, (@) Chosen position (or CP) is that position, nearst to the jobsner, chosen #0 tha the latte san intepal degre and {he longiode ie such that dhe local hour angle of the body at the time ofthe observation is also an integral degre. (Setanta that rad ofa sextant (©) Observed alte is the sextant altitude eoracted fr index cto, ifamy ABBREVIATIONS Latte rs Course © Cotati Coat Gyro G‘Mean latte Diff oft Longitude Diff of lone Meridian Meridian passage Merion parts Difference of MP DR positon Esiinated positon Geogr postion Sextan aide (Observed abide ‘Apparent atts “Tre alti Tabulted atid CCalaulted 2D Tat terminal pint (Chronometer Local meantime Greenwich meantime Greenwich hour angle Local hour angle Sideeal hour angle First Point of Aries Paral in alt Horizontal parallax ‘Avinath Peston ine Ample ‘Travers tables Nautical almanac ‘Norther hemisphere Souter hemisphere ABBREVIATIONS} a c bev Vir ce bs det « Ka a ma” | OF * Zant dsanes —_ 2D fnc2D TZ Ieee i Zowime ZT Fowamie HA Desmond Poarditaxee PD Ratan horson RE * Loweriin = LL Upperime UL Sendamcer SD) iinet Retain Hoighofee HE CCoreion” —Corm Mares = ionctes ln [1- TERRESTRIAL REFERENCES) TERRESTRIAL REFERENCES (GEOGRAPHIC POLES The two points where the axis af rotation outs the sure of the arth az called the geographic poles ~ the upper one is calle the "North ple andthe lower, the South Poe. EQUATOR “The equator ie a great circle which is equidistant from, and therefore 90° away ftom, the goograpi poles. Tae equator ‘vids the cath info to hemispheres the None Hemisphere aad the Southern Hemisphers PARALLELS OF LATITUDE Parallels of atime sre smal ices parallel to the equator. MERIDIANS OF LONGITUDE Metidians are great circles that pas through the gsogrephic pols, Merians cost the equator and all parallels of laitude at right angi(U- TERRESTRIAL REFERENCES) [Pigure showing axis, pos, equator, paral flat, meridians} AXIS OF ROTATION >] PARALLEL OF LATITUDE MERIDIAN, EQUATOR >| LATITUDE Latitude of a place is the are of a median, oF the angle atthe centr of the earth, eared between the equator and the parallel of latinde pasing through that place, Laude is expressd in