<17 mane 2 1 wait me-us a um my, mine mi‘O my’ miser miser-a um unhappy moned 2.1 advise, warn murmurd 11 mutter neque neither, and nimis too (much) nas (nom., acc.) we, us ftumquam never occid® I'm done for! occipiti-um 7 2n. back of head occliide shut! ocul-us 72m. eye ohé stop! operam da! pay attention! pauper (nom.) poor (man) + not Learning vocabulary Nouns aqu-a ae 1f. water domin-us 7 2m. master, lord Adjectives mal-us a um bad, evil, wicked Verbs 511 ponder, reflect, consider 103-5 11 ask seru-5 1 I save, keep Others 8 ex (+abl.) out of, from neque neither; and... not; nor New forms: adjectives miser miser-a um miserable, unhappy, wretched 36 peciini-a ae 1f. money per diem by day per noctem by night perit I'm lost! peruigilé 11 stay awake praetor praetor-is 3m. praetor prohibé stop (her)! quid what? quid agis? what are you (6.) up to? ud where? redeé 1 return redit (he/shefit) returns respondé reply! 1og6.1 1 ask (for) salu-us a.um safe sécum with himself/herself for 1C ocul-us 72m. eye wicin-us 7 2m. neighbour(ing) me-us a um my, mine (voc. mi ‘O my’) st-5 1 stand uerber-6 1 I flog, beat uex-5 1 I annoy, trouble, worry numquam never quid? what? statim at once Section 1C sédulé carefully serua keep! seruS 1 1 keep, preserve sollicits 11 worry sta! stand (still)! statim at once tacé shut up! taceé 2.1 am silent tam so tu-us a um your uerberé 1 1 flog, beat uexé 1 I annoy, trouble uicin-us 7 2m. neighbour ut how! ut ualés? how are you? (s.) ignis ign-is 3m. fire saluous a um safe tueus a um your(s) mane-6 21 remain, wait mone-6 2 1 advise, warn tace-6 2 | am silent ut how!18 19 Section 1C 19 New forms: verbs €6 I go, come; cf. exed I come, go out; abed I come, go away; adeé I go, come to, approach; redeé I return Grammar and exercises for 1C Present imperative active 1st and 2nd conjugation 1st conj. 2nd conj. 2nds. ama ‘love!’ hab@_— ‘have!’ 2nd pl. ami-te ‘love!’ —habé-te_ have!” Notes 1 These forms express a command in Latin. 2 The understood subject is ‘you’ (s. or pl.). 3 The s. form is the bare stem of the verb; the pl. adds -te. Exercises Construct and translate the s. and pl. imperatives of these verbs: times, rogo, taced, cdgitd, moned, ciird, possided, (optional: habed, std, explicd, céld, amd, uided, mane). 2 Translate into English: da corénam!; porta aquam!}; in aedibus manéte!; tacé!; thésaurum serua!; monéte filiam! 3. Translate into Latin: see! (pl.); ask Euclio! (s.); be quiet! (pl.); hide the pot! (pl). ed ‘I go’, ‘I come’ (irregular): present indicative active Ist s. cd ‘I go’, ‘I come’, ‘I am going/coming’, ‘I do go/come’ 2nd s. ‘you go’, ‘you come’ etc. 3rd s. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. 3720 21 19 Section 1C Imperatives nds. 3 “go!” etc 2nd pl. Notes 1 The stem of the verb is simply i- (as shown by the imperative s 2 There are many compound words based on ¢6, c.g. ades ‘I approach’, go up to’ (cf. ad ‘towards’, ‘near’); see learning vocabulary for 1C. Exercises 1 Translate into English and then turn s. into pl. and vice versa: 1; cunt; itis; €0; it; imus; exitis; abimus; abitis; redeunt; re ite; reded; exeunt. 2 Translate into Latin: we are going away; they return; go away! (s.); you (pl.) are approaching; she is coming out; | am going; go back! (pl.); you (s.) go. 1st and 2nd declension adjectives: meus, tuus me-us aum ‘my’, ‘mine’, and tu-us a umn ‘your(s)’ decline exactly like mult- us a.um, and agree with their nouns in the same way. Observe that fu-us means ‘your(s)’ when you are one person. NB. The vocative of meus is mi (cf. 17A), e.g. mi filt ‘O my son’. Ist and 2nd declension adjectives: miser miser-a miser-um m. f n miser-a miscr-um miser-am —miser-um. miser-ae — miser-i miser-ae — miser-3. miser-a miscr-6. nom. ace. gen. dat. abl. m. Sf n. nom. miser-i miser-ae miser-a acc, miser-ds miser-as miser-a 3822 Section 1C 22 gen. miser-Srum —miser-irum_— miser-drum dat. «miser-is> abl. «miser-is> NB. Arrows indicate that the form shown is the same for all genders. Exercises 1 Add the appropriate forms of meus and tuus to the following nouns (see 20) and say what case they are: igne; aedis; honéris; familia; oculérum; dominé; aquae; Euclidnem; senex. 2 Add the appropriate form of miser to the following nouns and say what case they are: Euclidni; Phaedra; deus; filiam; aedibus; domini; seruarum; coquis; senum. Personal pronouns: ego ‘I’ and til ‘you’ nom. égo ‘T ta ‘you’ acc, mé te gen. méi tat dat. mihi (mi) tibi abl. mé te Notes 1 ti is used when one person is being referred to (cf. tuus). 2 When ‘T or ‘you’ are subject ofa verb, we have seen that Latin doesnot need to express them separately, since the verb itself indicates the person by its personal endings -6, -s, -t etc. But Latin does use ego, tii when the speaker wants to stress the identity of the person talking or draw a specific contrast between one person and another. E.g. (a) ego Eucliénem ams, ti Phaedram ‘I like Euclio, whereas you like Phaedra’ (b) ego deum ciiro, tii senem uexas ‘I care for the god, you simply annoy the old man’ It is a matter of emphasis, especially when a contrast is involved. 3 mei and tut are ‘objective’ genitives, ic. ‘of me’, ‘of you’ means ‘directed at me/you’, For example, amor tri means ‘love of]for you’ in the sense ‘love directed at you’. The idea ‘belonging to me/you’ is performed by the adjectives meus, tuus e.g. pater meus = ‘my father’, i.e. ‘the father belonging to me’. 3923 Section 1€ Exercises 1. Translate these sentences, then change nouns and their adjectives and verb to the s. or pl. as appropriate: (a) manent in domini mei aedibus neque seruae neque serui. (b) mali senis mala serua dominum meum uexat. (c) tuus uicinus uicinum meum uidet. (d) _ senis miseri seruus in aedibus numquam manet. (e) seruae miserae ad Larem meum numquam adeunt neque supplicant. (f) dominus malus seruas statim uerberat miseras. 2 In these sentences, most adjectives are not directly next to the noun they qualify. Read through each sentence, predicting the gender, number and case of the noun you await (where the adjective comes first) and indicating when the adjective is ‘solved’. Then translate. (a) malus igitur senex ndn multum habet hondrem. (b) mea est tuus ignis in aula. (c) meis tamen in aedibus multi habitant patrés. (d) malés enim senés Lar nén amat meus. (e) meusne tuum seruat pater ignem? (-ne = ?) 3 Translate these sentences: (a) sola peciinia régnat. (Petronius) (b) uéritas numquam perit. (Seneca) (c) semper auarus eget. (Horace) (d) nén déterret sapientem mors. (Cicero) (©) in fuga foeda mors est, in uictoria gléridsa. (Cicero) sél-us a.um alone auar-us i 2m. miser mors mort-is 3f. death Péciiniva ae 1f. money eged 21 am in need fug-a ae 1f. rout, flight régné 11 rule, am king deterred 21 frighten off, ——foed-us a um disgraceful éritas uéritat-is 3¢. teuth deter uictoria ae 1£. victory eres (conjugates like ed) 1 sapiéns sapient-is 3m. wise _glrids-us a um glorious die fear 23 Prepositions Note that 4, ab ‘(away) from’ and @, ex ‘out of”, ‘from’ take the ablative (cf. in+ abl. at 10). NB. aband ex are the forms used before following vowels, e.g. ab aula, ex igne. 40Section 1C 24> Exercise Translate into Latin: out of the water; into the eye; away from the fire; towards the masters; away from the house; onto the stage (optional: out of the pot; towards the thieves; from the old men; into the house.) Reading exercises 1. Take the Latin as it comes and, as you translate, say what each word is doing in the sentence, taking care to ascribe adjectives to the correct nouns (if they follow them) or to predict the number, gender and case of the noun (if the adjective precedes). Then supply a suitable verb in the correct person and translate into correct English. (a) uicinum senex miser . . . (b) dominus enim meus tuum ignem . . . (c) neque ego meum neque ti tuum seruum . . - (d) deinde mé serui mali. . . (ce) seruds malés uicinus meus . . . (£) aulam, mi domine, serua mala . . . (g) fiarem miserum ego quoque . . . (h) ignem ti, ego aquam . . .? (i) oculds meés serua tua semper . . . (j) quaré aurum et unguentum et cordnas Euclié miser numquam 2 + Verb 2nd s. 2 Verb Ist s. 2 Analyse noun-functions, adjectives, and verbs: (a) Close up the casement, draw the blind, Shut out that stealing moon, She wears too much the guise she wore Before our lutes were strewn With years-deep dust, and names we read On a white stone were hewn. (Thomas Hardy) (b) Hail, native language, that by sinews weak Didst move my first endeavouring tongue to speak, And mad’st imperfect words with childish trips, Half unpronounced, slide through my infant lips . . . (Milton) 4123 Section 1C (c) Know then thyself, presume not God to scan; The proper study of Mankind is Man. (Pope) Reading exercise / Test exercise Read the following passage carefully, translating each word as it comes and analysing its function. Identify word-groups and anticipate, as far as you can, what is to come. When you have done this, translate into correct English. Finally read out the passage in Latin with the correct phrasing, thinking out the meaning 4s you read. Use the running vocabulary of 1C. EUELIO (dlamat) exi! exi ex aedibus, serua. (serua in scaenam intrat) SERVA quid est, mi domine? quaré ti mé ex aedibus uocas? (Euclié seruam uerberat) & m& miseram. ut dominus meus mé uexat. nunc enim mé uerberat. sed ti, mi domine, quaré mé uerberas? EUC. 6 mé miserum. tacé. ut mala es! ut mé miserum uex4s! mané istic, Staphyla, mané! sta! mone té. (in aedis intrat Euclid) SER. 6 mé miseram. ut miser dominus meus est. (Euclis ex aedibus in scaenam intrat) BUC. saluum est, tii tamen quaré istic stas? quaré in aedis n6n is? abi! intra in aedis! occliide ianuam! (serua in aedis intrat) nunc abed ad praetorem, quod pauper sum. ut inuitus ed! sed si hic Maneé, uicini mei ‘hem’ inquiunt ‘senex miser multum habet aurum.’ English-Latin Translate the Latin sentences into English. Then translate the English sentences into Latin, using the pattern of the Latin ones to help you arrange the word-order correctly, (2) Staphyla, abi et aquam porti! Slave-women, go out and ask for fire! (>) t& autem, mi domine, quaré ciiras malas habés? But why do you, my Euclio, love a wretched slave-woman? (c) ut aurum multum senés uexat miserds! How the evil old man beats his unhappy slaves! (4) 6 mé miseram! ut oculi mei mé uexant! O dear me! How wretched an old man I am! 42Section 1C 24> (ce) malés dominés miseri serui habent. (It is) a wretched old man the unhappy daughter loves. (£) maldrum seruérum oculi domini miseri ciras nén uident. The eyes of a bad slave-woman do not see the worry of the unhappy daughter. Deliciae Latinae Word-building Prefixes ine can =‘into’, ‘in’ (e.g. ined ‘I go in’, insum ‘Iam in’), but it can equally well be a negative, e.g. insanus = in+ sanus ‘not sane’, ‘mad’ - 2, ex usually means ‘out of”, ‘out’, e.g. exit ‘he goes out’, exstingud ‘[ put out’, expelld ‘I push out’ a, ab=‘away (from)’, e.g. abed ‘I go away’ . re- (only used as a prefix) = ‘back’, ‘again’, e.g. redit ‘he returns’. (Observe that re- becomes red- before vowels) Exercise 1 Give the Latin derivation (prefix and root) of the following English words: cogitate, excogitate, instate, reinstate, reverberate, export, revoke, abrogate, reserve, explicate (plicé ‘fold’). - 2 Give English words, with meanings, formed from the following stems mans- (maned); monit- (moned). Use prefixes as necessary. Word exercises 1 What do the following English words mean? vexatious, admonish, aquatic, dominant, impecunious, inexplicable. 2 Give English words from: ignis, oculus, mane}, malus, saluus. Everyday Latin nota bene (NB) ‘note well!’ What conjugation is notd? vidé! infra (or simply vide, abbreviated v.) ‘see below’ 4323 Section 1C adeste, fidélés ‘be present, faithful!’ ‘O come, all ye faithful’ exit (s)he goes out’; exeunt ‘they go out’ 4 See n. 10 on p. xii, Real Latin Vulgate honora patrem tuum et matrem tuam. (Exodus 20.12) Gs estis sal (‘salt’) terrae . . . uds estis lax (‘light’) mundi. (Matthew 5.13) Sayings of Cato Parentés ama, datum (= what you are given) serua. Uerécundiam (= modesty) serua. These are ftom a collection of dicta Catonis ‘Sayings of Cato’, (= Marcus Cato, 234-149 B.C.), written in the third or fourth century A.D. but ascribed to that grand old man who epitomised Roman wisdom and tradition to later generations. They were firm favourites from the Middle Ages till the seventeenth century in England. Beginning of an epitaph sepulcrum hau pulcrum pulcrat feminae . . . sepuler-um 7 2n. tomb ‘haw mot (atchaic for haud) pule(h)r- beautifal, fine pulerat : note ancient fs. genitive ending ‘We know the woman buried there was called Claudia — perhaps one of the family called Claudii Pulchri?Section 1D 245 Running vocabulary for 1D 4, ab (+abl.) away from adstant (they) hang about anim-us 72m. mind arculari-us 7 2m. chest- maker audio 1 hear, listen aurifex aurific-is 3m goldsmith aurique and (of) gold calceolari-us 7 2m. shocmaker caups caupén-is 3m. shopkeeper clamor clamér-is 3m. shout dic say! tell! dicis you (s.) say, are saying, mean dics I say dives diuit-is rich (man) domi at home domum (to) the home domum dite marry! domum nén diicis you (s.) do not marry dos détis 3£. dowry détemque and a dowry drama dramat-is 3n. play dicis you (s.) lead, take dicit (hejshefit) leads, takes died | lead, take eburat-us a um adorned with ivory ecce look! egone I? Exnomi-a ae 1f. Eunomia faciunt (they) make, do ‘femin-a ae Vf. woman filicus 72m. son ‘flamméri-us 7 2m. maker of bridal veils Jfor-um 7 2n, forum ‘frdter fratr-is 3m. brother “full6 fullén-is 3m. fuller ‘habed 21 hold, regard as imperi-um 7 2n. command, order intolerabilis uncndurable ita so, thus inbed 2.1 order Fimbuléri-us a. um concerned with making ornamental hems linted linteé-nis 3m. linen weaver Lyconidés Lyconid-is 3m. Lyconides magn-us a.um great, large manuleari-us 72m. maker of sleeves manum acc.) hand Megadér-us i 2m. Megadorus mihi (to) (for) me monedque ‘and | warn’ monument-a drum 2n. (pl.) memorial(s) nec and . . . not, neither nimis (+ gen.) too much (of) némen name némine by name niipti-ae drum 1f. (pl) matriage-rites eccidi I'm done for! oper-a ae If. attention optim-us a um best pall-a ae 1f. garment pater patr-is 3m. father pauper pauper-is poor (man) peciini-a ae 1€. money perit I'm lost! person-a ae 1f. actor phrygié phrygion-is 3m. embroiderer post (+acc.) after potestas potestat-is 3f. power practered furthermore propala -ae 1m, retailer puell-a ae 1f, girl puellamne the girl? pulcher pulchr-a um beautiful purpura ae 1f. purple quaesé please (lit. ‘I ask’) quam (acc.) whom? what ‘woman? quamquam although -que and quis who? quod because recté rightly satis enough (of) sécum with himselffherself seruantque ‘and they protect’ simul at the same time sonari-us ¢ 2m. girdle- maker soror sordr-is 3f. sister sororque and your sister strophiari-us 7 2m. seller of breast-bands siimplus extravagance, expense textor textoris 3m. weaver 4523 thylacist-a ae 1m. collector tine ‘do you?” (s.) of offerings ualél goodbye! {ibi to you (s.) tum then Learning vocabulary for 1D Nouns Stmin-a ae 1f. woman husband peciini-a-de 1f. money diues diuit-is 3m.£. rich puella ae If gil ~~ s” (person) Situs 72m. son Siiter frétr-is 3m. brother wir wir 2m, man, pater patr-is 3m. father Adjectives magn-us aum great, large ptin-us.a um best, very ‘good Verbs habe-3 21 hold, regard iube-6 2 iuss-? I order, , regar iube-6 2 iuss-? 1 order, (have)* command, tell Others 4, ab (+abl.) away from —_nimis too much ‘ta-s0, thus; yes (of) + gen. mecand...not, neither; -que and al satis enough (of) + gen. tum then New forms: nouns men némin-is3n, name domum to home New forms: adjectives pulcher pulchr-a um beautiful New forms: verbs died 3 ditx-, duct 1ead—_diewo 3 dix-, dic-? | speak, domum dics Vtake home, say marry | See n. 11 on p. xii for the significance of the brackets. Section 1D husband uis you (s.) wish, want ut as uxor uxdr-is 3f. wife pauper pauper-is 3m.f. poor (person) soror sorér-is 3f. sister uxor uxér-is 3f. wife ualé goodbye! ut as, when (how!)! domi at home audi-5 4 1 hear, listen to Lear these other stems now. They are irregular and used to form other tenses. 4625 Section 1D 24 Grammar and exercises for 1D Present indicative active (3rd conjugation): dicd ‘I speak’, ‘I say’ Ist s. ‘say’ 2nd s. *you say’ 3rd 5. “he/she/it says’ 1st pl. “we say” 2nd pl. “you (pl) say’ 3rd pl. “they say’ Imperatives 2nd s. dic “say!” (irregular) 2nd pl. dic-i-te “say!” Notes 1 Note the key vowel in the 3rd conj.— the short -i- throughout (cf. amé, habed). This -i- is not part of the stem in the way that -e- in habed (stem habe-) was. 2 Observe that the 3rd pl. is dic-u-nt. 3 A similar verb to this is dicé ‘I lead’, ‘I take’. 4 Normal imperatives of 3rd conj. verbs are -e, -ite (see 36). Note that the vowels in these endings are all short. Cf. imperatives of audid in 25. Present indicative active (4th conjugation): audio ‘I hear’, ‘I listen to’ Ist s. ‘hear’ 2nd s. ‘you hear’ Sed s. ‘he/she/it hears’ Ist pl. ‘we hear’ 2nd pl. ‘you (pl.) hear’ 3rd pl. atidi-u-nt ‘they hear’ Imperatives 2nd s.aiadi ‘listen!’ 2nd pl. audi-te “listen!” Notes 1 The key vowel in the 4th conj. is -i-, which follows the same pattern of long and short as the -e- of the 2nd conj., and is, like that, part of the 4727 25 Section 1D stem. So -i- appears throughout (contrast the -i- in dic6). 2 Observe the 3rd pl. in i-unt; cf. dic-unt. Exercises 1 Translate into Latin: she says; they are leading; we hear; we say; you (pl.) hear; speak! (s,); listen! (pl.); lead! (pl.); you (s.) are saying; he ears; they are listening. 2 Identify the conjugation (1, 2, 3 or 4) of the following verbs and translate them: cir, célat, habétis, diicunt, rogas, possidémus, audid, (optional: iubétis, supplicd, clamamus). 3 Translate and turn s. into pl. and vice versa: dicitis, audiunt, supplicamus, audis, dicd, diicimus, audimus, clamant, tacés, (optional: rogat, dicit, COgitd, manétis, amatis, dicunt, mone, uocis, diicis). 3rd.decl. nouns: ndmen ndmin-is 3n. ‘name’ pl némin-a nomin-a nomin-um némin-ibus nomin-ibus Notes 1 Alln. nouns have the same forms for the nom. and acc. in both s. and Pl. (-a); cf. 15. Only the context will tell you whether they are subject or object. Note that if verb is singular then a neuter pl. must be the object; if verb is plural, then neuter s. must be the object. 2 All3rd deci, nouns in -men are neuter, and follow the pattern of ndmen. 3 ndmen is a consonant-stem noun. There are also 3rd decl. neuter i- stems. You will meet these later. . 1st/2nd decl. adjectives: Ichr- um * Pewae q |. adjectives: pulcher pulchr-a pulchr-um ‘beautiful’, handsome’ » 5. m. fi 1 nom. piilcher —pilehr-a._—_pilchr-um acc. pilchr-um piilchr-am_piilchr-um 4828 Section 1D 28 gen. pilchr-i—pilchr-ac__puilchr-i dat. pilchr-8 —piilchr-ac__piilchr-3 abl. palchr-6 —pillchr-a_—_pailchr-d pl. m. f a nom. pilchr-i palchr-ae——_pailchr-a ace, ptilchr-ds palchr- pilchr-a gen. pulchr-drum —pulchr-drum _pulchr-Grum dat. +pilchr-is> abl. “pilchr-is> NB. We have already met miser which, apart from the nom. s. m., declines like multus on the stem miser- (21). pulcher is identical, except that it declines on the stem pulchr-. 2nd decl. nouns: puer puer-T 2m. ‘boy’, wir uir-T 2m. ‘man’, culter cultr-T 2m. ‘knife? puter puer-i 2m. ‘boy’! ir wire? 2m, ‘man’? 5. 8. pl. nom. pier nom. uir ui acc. pier-um acc. uir-um uir-ds gen. paer-i puer-6rum gen. uir-rum (uir-um - see 16) dat. piier-3 _puier-is dat. ui uir-is abl. pier-3 —_piicr-is abl. uir-3 —uir-is * These nouns decline exactly like sens on the stems puer- and uir-. Only nom. s.m. is diferent. Cf. imiser (21). culter cultr-i 2m. ‘knife’® s nom. ciilter acc. ciiltr-um gen. dat. abl, ciiltr-6 —cuiltr-is * This noun declines exactly like seru-us on the stem cultr-. Only nom. s. m. is different. Cf. pulcher @7. 4929 29 Section 1D Exercises 1 Give the correct form of the adjectives magnus, miser, pulcher for these cases of ndmen: nomen, nominis, nomine, nomina, nominum. 2 Givethe correct form of pulcher and miser to describe each of these nouns (e.g. senem ac. s. m., osenem pulchrum): uxdrum, soréribus, wird, ux6ris, feminae, fratri, aedis, Larem, serua, aedés, féminis, domini, seruds. Optional exercise Add the appropriate form of miser, then of pulcher, to the following words and translate (e.g. Euclionem=acc. s. m. — miserum/pulchrum ‘unhappy/ handsome Buclio : sordre, diuitis, uir, ux6ri, fEminae, puellis, filii, uicind, Latem, fratrum, serua. Interrogative pronoun/adjective quis/qut, quis/quae, quid/quod ‘who?’, ‘which?’, ‘what?” s. pl. mf oom m. f a. avis quis quid ) guj quae quae qui quae =~ quod “ quem quam { quid | gués quis quae quod ° * * Sen. chius— quérum) quirum = quérum dat, +cbi+ quibus (quis) > abl. que qui quo Notes 1 “Interrogative’ means ‘asking a question’. 2 Observe that the endings are a mixture of 2nd and 3rd declension. You will meet this again (it is called the ‘pronominal’ declension). 3 Adjective and pronoun are identical except fornom. s. and the acc. s.n. 4 Forthe pronoun use, cf. ‘whois calling?’ quis uocat? ‘what do I see?” quid uideO?; for the adjective ‘what man isit?” qui(quis) nir est?, what gold do T see?” quod aurum uided? 50Section 1D 32 Exercises 1 Translate into Latin the underlined words with the appropriate form of quis or qui+ noun. You will need to ask whether the question word is a pronoun or an adjective, and then define its case. (a) Whose (s, m.) are these books? (b) Which women do we see? (©) What is this? (4) What name is this? (e) Whom (m.s.) do you hate most? (f) What woman's are these? (g) Whom (fs, should we persecute? (h) Which man is guilty? 30 domus ‘house’, ‘home’ domus used with prepositions means ‘house’. But when it means ‘home’ it is used without the preposition in the following ways: domum ‘(to) home’; domt ‘at home’; domd ‘from home’. Cf. aedés which means only ‘house’: in aedis ‘into the house’, in aedibus ‘in the house’. 31 satis ‘enough’, nimis ‘too much’, ‘too many’ Both these words control nouns in the gen. case (the so-called ‘partitive’ genitive indicating part of a whole), e.g. satis peciiniae ‘enough (of) money’, nimis honéris ‘too much (of) respect’. satis and nimis are fixed in form. 32 -que -que means ‘and’ and either (i) links the noun it is joined to with the previous word e.g. seruum patremque ‘slave and father’ or (ii) in poetry indicates that a list is coming, e.g. seruumgue patremgue sordremque ‘both slave and father and sister’. 5132 Section 1D Exercises 1 In each of these sentences, there is one adjective which precedes and does not stand next t6 the noun it qualifies. Read through each sentence, predicting the gender, number and case of the noun awaited, noting when the adjective is ‘solved’. Then translate. (a) non multam possident peciiniam optimae ux6rés. (b) multi meis sorérés amant filii. ()_ seruds miserds optimi ndn uexant senés. (d)_ mali fratrés pulchras uerberant sordrés. (€)_ multi fémin’s pulchras domum diicunt senés. Before doing Exercises 2.and 3, revise carefully the ablative forms of nouns of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension. 2 Translate into English: in aedis, in aula; ad Larem; ab ignibus; in aquam; ex aulis; in aedibus; in aqua; 4 domind; ex oculis; (optional: ad dominum; in scaenam; in ndmine; 4 serua; in aulam; in scaena). 3, Translate into Latin: in the house (use aedés); towards the girl; towards the brothers; away from the wife; onto the stage; in the house; out of water; away from the fires; (optional: in the waters; from the stage; into the family; in the eye; towards the masters; out of the household). 4 Translate: nimis coronarum; satis seruérum; nimis aquae; satis ndminum; nimis sorérum; satis ignis. 5 Translate these sentences: (a) quem uirum audi? (b) cuius némen nunc dicitis? (c) in aedibus Euclidnis satis auri semper est. (@) habe filia Euclionis misera nimis cirarum. () ta autem quam féminam domum diicis? (optional) () puer pulcher est, uir tamen malus. (g) pater meus nimis peciniae habet, satis cirarum. (bh) quaté pulchra fémina pauperem numquam amat? (optim uiri satis auri semper habent. 6 Translate these sentences: (a) uir bonus est quis? (Horace) (b) quis nén paupertatem extiméscit? (Cicero) (©) quis bene célat amérem? (Ovid) 52Section 1D 335 (4) quid est beita uita? séciiritas et perpetua tranquillitas. (Seneca) (€) mors quid est? aut finis aut trinsitus. (Seneca) (f) immodica ira gignit insiniam. (Seneca) (g) uitam regit fortiina, non sapientia. (Cicero) bon-us a um good steiritas stciitat-is 36. transition paupertas paupertat-is 3£. freedom from worry immodie-us a um poverty perpetu-us a um perpetual, immoderate extiméscé 31 am greatly continuous irea ae f. anger afraid of tranquillitas tranquillitatis _gigné 3 1 beget, cause bene well 3f. peace insini-a ae 1f. madness ‘amor amér-is 3m. love mors mort-is 3f. death reg 3 1 rule, direct beat-us a um happy, blessed titea ae 1f. life aut cither ...or —_fortiin-a ae 1f. fortune in-is 3m. end sapienti-a ae 1f. wisdom Reading 1 Observe the following: ego té uxdrem habed=I regard you as a wife. ego té pauperem faci make you poor | a poor man (NB. facid conjugates like audid, but -i- is short throughout). Supply a part of habed or facid which will make sense of the following combinations and translate. Then read out in Latin, phrasing correctly. (a) tandem uir mé filium . . . (b) Euclid uicinum diuitem . . . (©) Euclidnem pauperem . . . (4) Megadorus filiam Euclinis uxdrem . . . (€) ego autem diuités miserds . . . (f) dominus malés seruds miseros . . . nN Analyse the following passage in terms of subject, object; genitive usages; adjectives; prepositions. Zeus, as he had promised, has Apollo remove the body of Sarpedon, ‘the breathless hero’, from the battlefield. Apollo bows, and from Mount Ida’s Height Swift to the Field precipitates his Flight; Thence, from the War, the breathless Hero bore, Veil’d in a Cloud, to silver Simois’ shore: There bath'd his honourable wounds, and drest 5 53+32 Section 1D His manly Members in th’ Immortal Vest, And with Perfumes of Sweet Ambrosial Dews, Restores his Freshness, and his Form renews. Then Sleep and Death, two twins of winged Race, OF matchless swiftness, but of silent Pace, 10 Received Sarpedon, at the Gods’ command, And in a Moment reach’d the Lycian land; The Corps amidst his weeping Friends they laid, ‘Where endless Honours wait the Sacred Shade. (Pope, translation of Niad XVI) Reading exercise / Test exercise Read the following passage carefully, translating in order of the words and analysing the function of each one, defining word-groups, and anticipating, as far 4s you can, what is to come. Then translate into correct English. Finally, read the Passage aloud with the correct phrasing, thinking through the meaning as you tead. Use the running vocabulary of 1D. Megadorum, uirum diuitem et Euclidnis ulcinum, soror Eunomia ex aedibus uocat. Eunomia enim anxia (worried) est, quod Megadérus uxdrem nén habet. Megad6rus autem uxdrem non uult (wants). nam uxdrés uirds diuités pauperés faciunt. habet satis aur Megadorus et fminas pulchras non amat. ut enim pulchra fémina est, ita uirum uexat. Ut uir dives est, ita uxor uirum pauperem facit. Eunomiam autem Sordrem optimam Megadérus habet. ut igitur postulat (demands) soror, ita facit fater. Phaedram enim, Eucliénis filiam, puellam optimam . ut tamen pauper Euclid est, ita ddtem habet Phaedra nallam. Megadérus autem détem non uult (wants). nam si diuités uxdrés sunt Magnamque habent détem, magnus est post niiptias simptus, nimis dant Uiri peciiniae. English-Latin Translate the Latin sentences into English. Then translate the English sentences into Latin, using the pattern of the Latin ones to help you arrange the word-order correctly, (2) ut ego soror optima sum, ita ti frater optimus. Just as Phaedra is an excellent daughter, so Euclio is an excellent father. (b) dominus meus fratrem uirum optimum habet. 54Section 1D 335 I consider beautiful women (to be) bad wives. quid ndmen uxéris est tuae? Who is the brother of my neighbour? uir pauper uxdrem pauperem domum dacit. The best husbands marry beautiful wives. féminae in aedibus stant. The girls are going into the water. satis ego auri habe6, satis peciiniae. The rich man has too much money and too much worry. Deliciae Latinae Word exercises 1 What do the following English words mean? sorority, uxorious, fraternal, virile, optimise, pauper, pulchritude, duke (also: il duce; duchy; duchess; doge; ducat (coin bearing the duke’s image)), audio-visual, magnify. 2 Derive English words from the following Latin: ndmen, domi, peciinia, fémina, ualé, satis. Everyday Latin Where would one write ex libris (liber, libr- ‘book’)? What sort of statement comes ex cathedra? (cathedra is a special papal seat ~ originally the bishop’s seat in his church, hence ‘cathedral’) Christ told the story of Dives and Lazarus. Who was Dives? (see Luke 16:19ff,) Often things seem to go on ad infinitum — explain. What is the force of the in- prefix? in vind veritas (=‘truth’). Where is truth found? To ‘ad lib’ is to talk ad libitum, i.e. to whatever extent you want (libet ‘it is pleasing, desirable’). ad nauseam — to what point? deus ex machina. machina is a stage crane. Explain how the phrase comes to refer to a miraculous ending to an event. per ardua ad astra (Royal Air Force motto) ‘Through the heights / through difficulties . . .’ — where? 55