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    (AAUR) Steps of Synopsis Writing

    Uploaded by

    Junaid Ali Murtaza
    The document provides guidance for writing the introduction chapter of a research study. It outlines including background information on the topic and study, identifying the problem area through literature and comparing current situations, stating the specific problem, research questions, and objectives of the study. It also discusses justifying the significance and scope of the study. For the literature review chapter, it recommends reviewing past literature on the study variables and relationships found. The theoretical framework should include diagrams of relationships between variables based on literature. The methodology chapter should describe the research design, population, sampling, instruments, data collection procedures, analysis techniques, and references in the proposed tense. An example questionnaire is also provided.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    (AAUR) Steps of Synopsis Writing

    Uploaded by

    Junaid Ali Murtaza
    77 views7 pages
    The document provides guidance for writing the introduction chapter of a research study. It outlines including background information on the topic and study, identifying the problem area through literature and comparing current situations, stating the specific problem, research questions, and objectives of the study. It also discusses justifying the significance and scope of the study. For the literature review chapter, it recommends reviewing past literature on the study variables and relationships found. The theoretical framework should include diagrams of relationships between variables based on literature. The methodology chapter should describe the research design, population, sampling, instruments, data collection procedures, analysis techniques, and references in the proposed tense. An example questionnaire is also provided.

    Original Description:

    synopsis writing

    Original Title

    (AAUR) Steps of Synopsis Writing (1)

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    The document provides guidance for writing the introduction chapter of a research study. It outlines including background information on the topic and study, identifying the problem area through literature and comparing current situations, stating the specific problem, research questions, and objectives of the study. It also discusses justifying the significance and scope of the study. For the literature review chapter, it recommends reviewing past literature on the study variables and relationships found. The theoretical framework should include diagrams of relationships between variables based on literature. The methodology chapter should describe the research design, population, sampling, instruments, data collection procedures, analysis techniques, and references in the proposed tense. An example questionnaire is also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    77 views7 pages

    (AAUR) Steps of Synopsis Writing

    Uploaded by

    Junaid Ali Murtaza
    The document provides guidance for writing the introduction chapter of a research study. It outlines including background information on the topic and study, identifying the problem area through literature and comparing current situations, stating the specific problem, research questions, and objectives of the study. It also discusses justifying the significance and scope of the study. For the literature review chapter, it recommends reviewing past literature on the study variables and relationships found. The theoretical framework should include diagrams of relationships between variables based on literature. The methodology chapter should describe the research design, population, sampling, instruments, data collection procedures, analysis techniques, and references in the proposed tense. An example questionnaire is also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Introduction

    (Write this chapter in present tense)

    Background (pages 2-3)


    Introduction of the study along its origin, history, and background. Introduce the topic
    with the support of references in ascending order. Also, write the introduction of company,
    organization, sector, or industry, where you are going to conduct research. However, your focus
    should be on the topic. You may also describe each variable in this part.

    Problem Identification/ Broad Problem Area/Need of the Study (2 pages)

    You have to identify the problem, how the actual problem is existing theoretically as well
    as practically. I mean build a story by three different ways 1) Find the gap from literature with
    proper references (future directions/ limitations from recent papers specially from post 2010
    papers); 2) build the local scenario of your target sector or companies by comparing the
    theory/literature and practice/actual situation and 3) compare the current situation of your
    particular sector or company with developed/underdeveloped/emerging economies and write
    situation of Pakistan. This is the very important part of your study.

    Problem Statement

    Write the actual problem/crux in one or two sentence/s drive it from the problem identification.

    Research Question/s

    Derive from problem statement, should start from how, why, where, what, to what extent, to
    whom, etc.

    Objective/s of the Study


    Write the objective/s of your study which start from “to” and the mostly useable words
    are (To explore, to determine, to find out, to measure, to highlight, to examine, to judge). There
    should be developmental aspect.

    Significance of the Study (1.5 -2 pages)

    Discuss the importance/worth/rationale of the study, what kind of benefit and who will be
    the beneficiary/ies of this work, what will be the practical implications, how this study will
    contribute in your particular area or sector? What kind of policy will be given by this study?
    How the policies will be implemented.

    Scope of the study (1 page)

    What will be the scope of your research? How much your study will cover the scenario?
    How much the study results are generalized?
    Literature Review

    (Write this chapter in past tense, use second form)

    In this part explain your study variables by the support of citations/references, I mean
    bombard this part with references. Literature review should be written as i.e. the significant
    relationship was found among the dependent and independent variables (Aurther, 2009: 23
    page); or Sing (2010) conducted a research on…………. page numbers if possible. Also put you
    voice among the different scholars ideas/findings (I mean commentary).

    The appropriate words could be (Elaborated, declared, discussed, highlighted, examined,


    explored, agued, found, focused on, determined, revealed, investigated, described, showed,
    used, predicted, studied, developed, follow the approach used by, documented, favored this,
    noticed that, studied the determinants, Earlier researches relied on, suggested, reinforced etc.)

    At the end of the literature review before theoretical framework you have to write the
    summery of the literature how many variables are used and what relationship is found in the
    literature?

    Theoretical Framework

    Draw a figure which shows the independent/s mediating/moderating/ intervening and dependent
    variables relationship and put the sign (+ or -) on arrows on the bases of literature review.

    OR

    Research Model (only for secondary data)

    Draw an equation and explain the abbreviation/s or alphabetic/s

    Hypotheses Statements

    Draw the hypothesis/es on the bases of literature review. What relationship was found in
    previous researches and yours’ study assumptions/hypotheses will be in line of previous studies.
    Research Methodology

    (Write this chapter in future tense, almost use will/shall)

    Methodology of primary Data collection

    Research Design

    Explain what is research design? and what will be the design of yours’ study? Nature of
    investigation.

    Population of the Study

    Explain what is population? and what will be the population of yours’ study?

    Sampling Techniques

    Explain the techniques of sampling and what will be sampling technique of yours’ study?

    Sample Size

    What is sample? And what will be sample size of yours’ study?

    Instrument and Measures/ Research Tools (very important part of this chapter)

    Write about the research instrument, how many variables are being used? How many are
    independents and dependent? Write their names. Is scale/instrument/questionnaire self
    developed, adopted, or adapted from previous studies? If adopted/adapted from past studies give
    their references. Also, write how many items/statements/questions are used to measure the each
    variable. Which software will be used for analysis? Discuss which tool will be used for data
    analysis.

    Pilot Testing

    Procedure/ data collection

    Explain what will be the procedure of data collection

    Data Analysis/Techniques
    What will be the most appropriate tests for yours’ study and write the assumptions/applications
    of those tests?

    Methodology of Secondary Data collection

    Research Design

    Methodological Literature

    Write the different techniques of data analysis which have been used in previous studies
    i.e. Smith (2011) conducted research/analyzed on………………. And used/apply the
    technique………. towards data analysis ……………….

    Data

    From where the data of each variable was taken and what was the time span?

    Statistics

    Write about the variables, their formulas/equations etc. dependent, and independent variables

    Techniques

    What will be the most appropriate technique for data analysis and introduction of that technique?
    Background of those technique or assumptions etc.

    References (Should as per manual of University)

    The citations/references, which are used in text, must be include in reference list and
    should be written in proper referencing style.
    Questionnaire should be designed as following only for primary data if any

    APPENDIX

    Questionnaire:

    Title of the Study

    The study is being conducted by -----; --- University Islamabad Campus. The primary objective
    of this study is to ----------. I wish to assure you that any response you make will be strictly
    confidential. If you have any query, you can contact at E-mail: -------- or Cell: ----------.

    Section: 1 (Demographic Variables)

    You can add or adjust these variables as per your study

    1. Gender Male ( ) Female ( )

    2. Age 18-31, 32-44, 45-57, 58-70

    Section: 2 (research variables)

    Please Tick () your responses using the following scale:

    (1= Strongly Disagree, 2= Disagree, 3= Neutral, 4= Agreed, 5= Strongly Agree)

    Rating
    Sr. # Variables
    DA D N A SA

    I Name of Variable 1
    1
    2
    3
    4
    II Name of second Variable

    III Name of third Variable


    IV Name of fourth Variable

    V Name of fifth Variable

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