Important Questions With Answers - Sources of Energy
Important Questions With Answers - Sources of Energy
Ans. The glass roof and glass walls of a greenhouse allow heat and sunlight to
enter it but do not allow heat (infrared radiation) to escape. On account of
this, greenhouse gets warmed.
Q.3. Name the gaseous fuel, out of the following which has the
highest calorific value: Hydrogen, Methane, LPG, Biogas
Ans. Hydrogen.
Ans. The slurry is rich in nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds and as such
serves as an excellent manure.
Ans. We use fossil fuels to meet the increased energy demands. As a result of
this, pollutants so produced adversely change the composition of the
environment.
Q.9. Name the process by which energy is produced in a nuclear
reactor.
Q.1. What is solar cell ? Name two materials mostly used for
making solar cells.
Ans. A solar cell is a device which converts solar energy directly into electric
energy. Silicon and germanium are the two most commonly used materials for
making solar cells.
Ans. The various components of a mixture should have different boiling points
in case these are to be separated by fractional distillation. Fuel oil is the
fraction of crude oil (petroleum) whose boiling point is above 350oC. It is used
as a fuel in various industries to heat boilers because it does not leave any
residue after burning.
Q.3.How were fossil fuels formed ? How these fossils fuels were
made?
Ans. Fossil fuels were formed due to high pressure, heat and the action of
anaerobic bacteria of fossils for million of years. These fuels were made form
the fossils of plants and animals buried deep in the Earth.
Q.4. Define the term ‘fuel’. What are primary and secondary fuels?
To which class of fuel do the following belong: Coke , Wood,
Petroleum, LPG.
Primary fuels. Fuels which are used directly to produce heat are called primary
fuels.
Secondary fuels. Fuels which are manufactured by chemical process using
primary fuels are called secondary fuels. Wood and Petroleum are primary
fuels and Coke and LPG are secondary fuels.
Ans. One example of a nuclear fusion reaction is when two deuterons fuse
together to form He-3 nucleus and a neutron with the emission of a large
amount of energy
Ans. In nuclear electricity generators, the process used currently involves the
fission of U-235 nuclei by bombarding them with thermal neutrons. Water is
one of the coolants; graphite is one of the moderators and enriched uranium is
one of the nuclear fuels.
Q.8.For producing electricity, the energy from flowing water is
preferred to energy obtained by burning coke. State two reasons
for it.
(ii) water energy is a renewable source of energy. Coke, on the other hand, is a
non- renewable source of energy and causes pollution on burning.
Q.10. Name the places of out country where fields of natural gas are
found. Why is it called a clean fuel? Give two reasons.
Natural gas is a clean fuel as: (1)It does not produce harmful gases on
burning,(ii) It burns without smoke and does not leave any residue after
burning.
Q.11. What is the cause of release of unusually large energies in
nuclear fission reactions? How is the energy per fission calculated?
(1)No harmful gases are produced on burning charcoal (ii) No residue is left
after it has burnt itself out.
In hydro power plants water from rivers are stored by constructing dams. The
water from the dam flows down through pipes and rotates the turbines of
generators to produce electricity.
Two limitations by hydro energy. i) The initial cost is high. ii) It causes
displacement of people from large areas of land.
The deeper regions of the earth’s crust is very hot. This heat melts rocks and
forms magma. The magma moves up and collects below at some places called
Hot spots. The underground water in contact with hot spot gets heated into
steam at high pressure. By drilling holes into hot spots the steam coming out
can be used to rotate turbines of generators to produce electricity.
Q.1. How many groups of nuclei are generated in the fission of 235
U? what are their characteristics? Explain briefly the terms (i)
prompt (ii) delayed, and (iii) spontaneous fission.
(i)One of these groups is a heavy group of nuclei with mass numbers ranging
from 130 to 149,e.g., Barium and Lanthanum.
(ii)The other groups are a lighter group of nuclei with mass numbers ranging
from 85 to104, e.g., Krypton and Molybdenum.
(iv)In delayed fission, a projectile (e.g., neutron) enters the target nucleus and
causes an instability which results in the fission of the target nucleus after a
short while.
Q.2. Write the four processes that can take place, after neutrons
are emitted in a fission reaction. Which of these processes will
cause the fission to continue? How is the energy of released
neutrons lowered from 2 Me V to 0.025 Me V?
Ans. The four process that can take place after neutrons are emitted in a
fission reaction are :
At least one such neutron hits another nucleus to cause its fission
releasing more neutrons.
The neutrons may be captured by other nuclei without causing their
fission.
The neutrons may be captured by other nuclei (present either in the
fissionable material or in the surrounding container without causing
fission.
The neutrons may not interact with other nuclei and may escape the
system.
The energy of released neutrons is lowered from 2Me V to0.025Me V by
passing them through a moderator.
Q.3. (i) write the value of solar constant of sun. (ii) what type of
mirror is used in Box Type Solar cooker? (iii) why it is difficult to
use hydrogen as a source of energy? (iv)what is the maximum
temperature attained in a concave reflector type solar
cooker? (v)Fossil fuels are classified as non-renewable source of
energy. Explain why.
Ans. (i) 1.4kW/m2 (ii) Plane mirror. (iii) It cannot be stored safely as (i) it
burns with explosion and(ii) has low ignition temperature. (iv) about 200oC.
(v)fossil fuels cannot be replenished. It takes millions of years for their
formation.
Q.4. (a) Why is solar cooker box covered with a plane glass
plate? (b) Why is the energy of water flowing in a river considered
to be an indirect form of solar energy? (c) Write one advantage of
nuclear fission reaction.
Ans. (a) the plane glass plate traps heat radiation and thus produces a kind of
greenhouse effect. Consequently, the temperature inside the cooker become
high (100oC to140oC).
(b) Solar energy changes into potential energy of water vapour rising in the
atmosphere during evaporation of water from rivers, seas, oceans and other
water masses. The water vapour from clouds and also cover mountains with
snow. When the clouds bring rain and the snow on the mountains melts, their
potential energy changes into kinetic energy of water flowing in the rivers and
streams.
Q.5. (a) State one limitation of solar energy available from solar
cells. (b) What is the minimum wind velocity required to obtain
useful energy with a wind will ? (c) Define the term ‘nuclear
fission’.
Ans. (a) the electricity (dc) produced by solar cells panels is stored by charging
dc batteries which can be used only to operate dc devices. To operate any ac
device, this dc has to be first converted into ac by using inverters.
(b) 15km/h (c) Nuclear fission- In Nuclear fission, the heavy nucleus
distingerates, the Moment it is bombarded with law energy neutrons, it splits
up into two Righer nuclei and tremendous amount of energy is released.
Q.1. Name two gases, other than carbon-dioxide that are given out
during burning of fossil fuels and contribute towards acid rain
formation?
Q.2. Why are many thermal power plants set up near coal or oil
fields?
Ans. Coal or petroleum is used to heat water to generate steam required for
running for turbines in thermal power plants. Thus, if thermal power plants
are set up near coal or oil fields, the cost of transportation of coal or petroleum
is greatly reduced.
Ans. Hydropower is generated from water flowing out of the dam which gets
filled up again when it rains (or the snow melts) through the rivers which
supply water to the dam.
Q.4. Out of two solar cookers, one was covered by a plane glass slab
and the other was left open. Which of the two solar cookers will be
more efficient and why?
Ans. The solar cooker covered by plane glass slab will be more efficient than
the one which is left open. This is due to the reason that the plane glass slab
enables the cooker to trap heat inside it. On this account, the temperature
inside the cooker rises. In fact, the plane glass slab placed on the cooker
produces a kind of greenhouse effect.
Ans. The four possible mistakes in the construction and operation of the
cooker are:
(ii) Glass wool, which is a bad conductor of heat, prevents the loss of heat.
(iv)Mirror plate reflects the heat radiation onto the glass sheet.
Q.9. what is a solar power plant? Name one such plant in our
Country.
Ans. Sunlight is concentrated on black painted pipes (filled with water) with
the help of concave reflectors. Due to solar heat, water starts boiling and then
changes into steam. The steam so produced rotates a steam turbine which
drives a generator to produce electricity. A solar thermal power plant of 22k W
capacity is in operation at Solajipally village in Andhra Pradesh. A 50kW solar
thermal power plant is being installed at the Twal Pahari Premises of the Solar
Energy Centre, Gurgaon (Haryana).
Ans. Wood can be made a renewable source of energy only if trees are planted
in a planned manner.
Ans. Equatorial regions on the Earth receive more solar radiation than other
parts of the Earth. As such, the air at equatorial regions is hotter and rises
upwards into the atmosphere. The cooler air from other regions (especially
polar regions) starts blowing to the equatorial regions to fill the space vacated
by hot air. It is this moving air which is called wind.