Debitum White Paper

DEBITUM
NETWORK
Borderless small business financing
https://debitum.network 1
Borderless small
business financing
White paper
V1.2, 11-01-2018
This is the White Paper on the issue of potential benefits for the alternative finance
industry to be decentralized with the blockchain technology. We offer a particular
solution and provide detailed description and reasoning.
The minimum viable product is available at https://demo.debitum.network
The goal of this document is to demonstrate that our undertaking is worthy as

well as to receive Your feedback. Please join our community via https://debitum.
network to ask questions and make suggestions.
Debitum Network
https://debitum.network
Table of contents
Challenge and market opportunity 8
Global credit gap 8
Alternative finance industry 10
Globalization of available capital 12
Necessity to decentralize using blockchain 13
Solution - Debitum Network 15
Three main pillars of the ecosystem 16
True DECENTRALIZATION 17
HYBRID connecting crypto and fiat 20
TRUST based 22
Business cycle of the financing process 24
Technical mechanics 40
Infrastructure 40
System components 42
Smart Contracts 46
Token economy 53
Debitum token (DEB) 53
Closed loop of aligned incentives 56
Action plan 57
Country selection analysis 58
Use of Proceeds 61
Self-sustainability 65
Potential business challenges 65
Debitum Network Solution Summary 67
The pain 67
Pain killer 67
Market timing 68
System 68
Business model 68
Competition 69
Future Prospects 70
About the team 73
The Team 75
The Advisors 77
The Supporters 78
APPENDIX A - credit gap by country 79
Preface
Very soon, Susan, who runs a small dry cleaning shop in Bangkok,
will find herself engaged in a small conversation with a client,
hoping to distract herself from the boredom of her day.
“It was, like, the whitest and softest shirt of my life, the one I
cleaned here” the client tells her happily.
“I will recommend your place to our administrative director.”
Soon enough, Susan is looking at a copy of the massive

outstanding invoice of hers, the order behind it being from
the entire corps diplomatique, ten times beyond her current
capacity. The money is hers but not quite yet — she must wait
for up to 120 days. She neither has the working capital needed
at the moment nor a lack of willpower to keep the client by all
means.
Perhaps she could use some traditional extended overdraft,

but to get financing, businesses often have to struggle through
an inadequate ‘presumption of guilt’ with ‘judges’ [salaried
non-entrepreneurs] unwilling to listen. Good borrowers are
in a position to prove that two plus two isn’t five and remain
unfinanced, albeit the whole point for institutional financiers
to exist in this fundamentally inflationary economy is to ensure
the maximum circulation of capital. While alternative financing
channels have emerged as a necessary measure, effective
international marketplaces and transparent pledge security
registries have not been developed.
“When I work hard, when my clients respect me and
I receive large orders from them, the idea that my
business has problems with accountability sends me
into angry fits,” Susan told a friend of hers, Mario.
He shared an idea with Susan: large businesses spend a lot of

money trying to predict the eventual cost of capital and the
cash flow, but you should use the power of an open market—
Debitum. In a matter of minutes, Susan turns her invoice in and
receives her funding while associated interest and charges start
travelling as a cryptocurrency that is liquidly trading in pairs to
major fiat and cryptocurrencies. Thus, the market tariffs her
on the prediction of when the client will pay and provides the
money immediately. The open-source, distributed network of
hundreds of local debt validators and millions of global loan
providers quickly makes up a customized offer for Susan.
Mario was the right guy to ask because back in his days of glory,
having him on vacation seemed too stressful for the entire
domestic financial community. When he was on leave from his
office at the Anti-Fraud Dept., financiers could expect bizarre
and disturbing developmentsto occur at any moment. Picture
this: a local exporter issues a large invoice to a foreign buyer and
offers it to several invoice financing firms, receiving funds from
at least three and cashing in 0.8x3=2.4 of the invoice sum. While
one financier later receives the payment from the buyer, others
don’t. As the exporter goes bankrupt, the question arises: who
has secured the buyer’s payment in the first place? The financier
who’s got the money is in trouble too, because the other firm
has secured the receivable with tax authorities and has the real
case to claim. What makes it even worse is that the buyer makes
a mistake and double-pays upon the same invoice to the seller.
Not to mention the buyer never gets his goodsdelivered.
The gallows humor of this story is that a person like Mario has
never existed to prevent frauds, nor is he around to advise a yet
inexistent but highly demanded service like Debitum.
Challenge and market
opportunity
Global credit gap
In accordance with the World Bank’s review, approximately 70% of all micro, small
and medium-sized enterprises in emerging markets lack access to credit. At the
same time, the small and medium-sized businesses stratum is the most promising
target audience for financiers. Among industry experts, small business finance is
considered today as a globalissue worth addressing — formally registered small
businesses account for more than half of the GDP in developedcountries.
SMEs growth globally is capped by inflexible local financing, creating $2 trillion

credit gap worldwide as accounted by IFC, the World Bank organization:
Unserved &
Credit Gap, SMEs, Credit Gap /
Region Underserved,
$M number SMEs, $
% of SMEs
South America 495 686 34 640 661 21 392,93 51,12%
Middle East 297 327 7 365 431 41 444,13 42,73%
Southeast Asia 218 284 71 430 759 22 719,15 46,27%
Europe 210 120 9 400 815 20 403,62 51,50%
Central America 124 145 17 828 851 12 540,08 48,77%
West Africa 60 808 16 737 793 6 032,83 53,82%
North Africa 56 483 13 103 327 7 583,91 49,67%
Central Africa 29 657 5 696 801 13 871,42 54,50%
South Africa 22 130 9 280 826 4 304,56 47,22%
East Africa 21 216 7 940 609 3 707,39 50,80%
Australia & Oceania 2 605 781 180 4 369,25 49,33%
Source: https://www.smefinanceforum.org/data-sites/ifc-enterprise-finance-gap
The data accounts only for formal SMEs; however, the World Bank estimated that
informal companies worldwide have additional credit gap of around $1 trillion.
Moreover, one must understand that potential of offering new finance instruments
also exists in developed countries not officially accounted for having a credit gap.
Hence the total market opportunity may well be larger than the $1.538 trillion
noted as unserved or underserved by the World Bank.
Alternative ﬁnance industry
Why the traditional banking industry established more than 600 years ago is not
able to solve the outstanding credit gap? Both banks and small businesses are
responsible.
The banks are responsible for cherry picking and mostly working with less risky and
larger businesses due to low risk tolerance of traditional finance industry. As there
are so many legacy solutions in banking industry, mostly inflexible and standardized
terms are used, it is very costly for banks to serve each individual customer. Thus
banks are trying to maximize their income (interest and fees) from each individual
business case by working on larger business cases.
Also the abundance of local banks — where a fellow banker would be familiar with
a local business — is a thing of the past. For example, 30 years ago, in 1984 there
were 14 400 commercial banks in USA; however, today there are only 4 982 banks
left. Such decline of individual banks can be explained by centralization that brings
more internal regulations and centralized processes, making it harder for banks to
serve small, local companies.
On the other hand, in a small company, finances are normally taken care of by
owners, not by dedicated professionals. Good financial management is rarely a core
strength of a small business. Actually, accessing external finance is often named as
the poorest area of expertise.
The industry that has taken the challenge to solve the problem up is often referred
to as ‘alternative finance’. As the name itself suggests, alternative finance is when
someone borrows money or sells equity, choosing an option to go a non-traditional,
non-institutional route.
Alternative finance is an umbrella term for various financing options such as peer-
to-peer lending (P2P), crowdfunding, balance-sheet lending, , invoice trading (loans
backed by account receivables), supply chain finance, reverse factoring, merchant
loans, VAT financing, and others. No single institution, company, or regulator covers
all business spheres in alternative finance. Some of largest alternative finance
companies are Zopa in UK (market size of xxx USD), LendingClub in USA (market
size of xxx USD) or CreditEase in China (market size ofxxx USD).
Such alternative finance services usually ensure initial initial access to financing for
SMEs by providing services and financing when traditional banks would not. In long
term financing received via alternative finance services allows SMEs to grow and
to become “bankable”, hence being able to access traditional finance instruments.
Hence the alternative finance industry is operating as a bridge financing that allows
business to grow and reach the riskless requirements of clumbersome traditional
finance industry. In essence filling the gap between what strongly constrained and
strictly regulated traditional institutions such as banks can offer and what individuals
or some smaller businesses can possibly comply with.
Flexibility is key, but a great deal of the business essence also comes from the
effectiveness of online operations and the idea of crowdsourcing. Another reason
why alternative finance is booming might be that investors have grown educated
enough to not be happy with allowing banks to earn on their money and pay out
only marginal interest rates. Many people feel it is worthwhile to get connected
with borrowers directly. Last but not the least, unlike traditional institutions, who do
much of the work manually and do not share data concerning the risk assessment,
alternative financiers are highly automated and interconnected which gives them
an additional competitive advantage.
Besides easier access to funding, an important benefit of alternative financing is
its higher speed of operations and convenience. Of course, most of the business
is done online, paperwork is minimum, and funds are usually made available in a
matter of hours or days, which in all cases is significantly quicker as compared to
banks.
The World Bank recently estimated that the world’s alternative finance market
could grow to $90 billion of investment by 2020 from $34 billion at present. As
banks see increasingly stricter regulatory burdens, both investors and SMEs will
seek other financial solutions.
Globalization of available capital
As the enormous credit gap is still there and growing, we should admit the incumbent
solution is not likely to cope with the problem, so a different approach is required.
The decentralization of lending, and the continued disruption to financial services,
therefore, looks set to continue narrowing of the credit gap for SMEs.
There is a lot of capital available to be invested in various finance instruments or lent

for interest throughout the developed world. Available capital for lending; however,
is limited in less developed parts of the world – the same parts that experience the
credit gap indicated by the World Bank. There is a mismatch between geographical
availability of capital and local businesses.
Partly the geographical mismatch is being solved by many alternative finance

companies, especially marketplaces and P2P platforms (KPMG global survey in
2015 shows 1086 alternative finance platforms). However, many of them operate
in a single or limited markets (most often up to 10 countries), many of them in the
developed world like USA, UK, France, Germany, or the only noteworthy exception
- China.
Based on our professional experience it is well understood – different steps of
the financing process are often very specific to local environment. For example,
debt collection procedure in most parts of Eastern Europe is based on German
law and precision of procedures; however, in many countries throughout Southeast
Asia debt collection is based on a notion of shame and public disgrace. Hence to
efficiently move available global capital from the developed part of the world to the
less developed, one must connect it to the local and regional counterparties.
Necessity to decentralize using blockchain
Any solution to meaningfully decrease the existing credit gap requires three main
characteristics: trust, full end-to-end financing process and structure supporting
exponential growth. KPMG in their report on global alternative finance industry
supports this by stating that from 2017 and onward for alternative finance market
to grow and truly become global phenomenon, it needs:
a transparent to deal with to gain distribution

and supportive investment failures, via efficient
framework to ensure confidence sales channel
of global investors
incredit assessment
and debt collection
processes
Internet and online marketplace or P2P solutions are trying to allow that; however,
when dealing with different parts of the world trust between counterparties is
more important than technical capability of interconnecting. Traditional non-crypto
market place solutions can’t ensure successful global integration of all local, regional
and global counterparties. Why? Because existing centralized solutions force
various global counterparties with different cultural and experience backgrounds
to trust a single party running the marketplace. If the central party goes out of
business, most likely investors will not be able to get their investments back directly
from the borrowers. Global problem requires global solution only allowed by the
blockchain technology.
Blockchain by design allows to ensure ultimate transparency and trust, allows to

automate processes by using smart contracts and its decentralized nature allows
for exponential growth of the number of members within any blockchain based
solution.
Solution - Debitum Network
Lending money is all about trust and its mechanical gears such as collateral, quantified
reputation, and fear of punishment. Born in already well-established societies, we take
the existing business trust culture for granted; we rarely doubt its basics and address
the quantitative measurements of business friction costs. However, to solve global
credit gap – we should mostly operate in younger countries where business trust is not
granted. Using trust based blockchain solution Debitum Network ensures needed trust
for all counterparties, especially investors, to operate within the ecosystem.
To consider comparatively complex lender-borrower relations, let’s take a step back

and see how Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies may change and simplify retailer-
consumer interactions. To be able to conveniently pay in all stores, consumers go
to the market of payment instruments where they have a narrow choice of VISA or
Mastercard which are essentially the same.
Retailers have more options — Ingenico, Verifone, and a few others—but, since the
interchange fee is still there down the line, that seeming variety does not allow
them to circumvent high costs. Putting its currency and monetary dimensions aside
for now, when Bitcoin, a decentralized payment tool, steps in, it theoretically allows
consumers and retailers to interact with no intermediary, using the free open source
tool. In practice, however, there are ‘Bitcoin operators’ such as a wallet software
or side-chain providers who make life a lot easier without charging monopoly-like
fees.
Three main pillars of the ecosystem
Debitum Network is based on three important pillars that ensure its uniqueness,
disruptiveness as well as will ensure positive results on smalling the credit gap:
True decentralization
There are 154 countries indicated by the World Bank where SMEs experience
credit gap and where a solution like Debitum Network could help closing that gap
by providing ecosystem of counterparties and connecting it with global investors.
However, saying that Debitum Network team will just set up in 154 countries and
bring the ecosystem to market on their own would be a fallacy.
As Debitum Network is initial market maker and facilitator for solving worldwide
credit gap by connecting SMEs with global investors who can rely on service provided
by local or regional counterparties, i.e., verification, risk assessment, insurance, debt
collection. It is possible to attract global investors to distribute their available capital
as well as attract SMEs to borrow and finance their growth; however, to make the
whole ecosystem truly decentralized, global and self sustainable service providers
will be organized in ‘communities’.
Communities are decentralized and truly global, consisting of various service

providers and ‘institutional borrowers’ - alternative finance companies already
serving SMEs that could attract more global investment and restructure their
portfolio by using Debitum Network.
A community consists of one or many local or regional service providers that
work together to ensure service provision. Members of the community can be
both crypto or non-crypto (having a crypto agent) based. Communities will offer
a unique motivation for each individual as well as whole group to become more
trusted as when any service is performed both the individual counterparty and
their community will earn or lose trust rating.
A community leader will get a fee via community’s trust arbitrage smart contract
from each of community’s members activity, hence the leader would be motivated
to develop business and grow the community - thus leading to self sustainable
Debitum Network ecosystem in thelong run.
Borrowers and investors should be excited to have communities within Debitum

Network as they can trust their service to community and whoever is there can
deliver it. On the other hand, it is better for individual counterparty to be a part of
a community as it provides more business opportunities and faster growth via trust
(as community’s trust grows, each counterparty’s trust de facto grows).
Communities are also the ones that take care of resolving issues, marketing their
members, growing the community and other tasks relevant to the community (on
and off the blockchain). Each community will have a community leader who has
additional functions available for community trust arbitrage smart contract.
We believe that using communities is the only way to ensure that needed level
of control is decentralized and closer to the final customers of service providing
counterparties – borrowers and investors. At the same time, such organizational
design provides a lot of freedom to local and regional communities and service
providers. We believe that this is the only way to ensure fast, efficient and stable
global growth of Debitum Network.
Setting up a community
Anyone (single or several companies, single or more individuals) who wants to

start a community for service provision within Debitum Network, must implement
Debitum Network Community smart contract interface / API. Additionally, in this
smart contract, the community leader must provide rating calculation algorithm
for community members and provide it for an audit by Debitum Network Trust
Arbitrage to ensure the rating calculation fits local specifics and are objective and
in line with all other rating calculations.
As an alternative Debitum Network provides an implementation of Community

trust arbitrage smart contract. Community leader may order implementation of
Community trust arbitrage smart contract from Debitum Network Trust Arbitrage
smart contract factory. Community is listed on Debitum Network portal if and only
if Community’s trust arbitrage smart contract passes audit.
If community will choose to construct their own implementation of Community trust

arbitrage smart contract they have to consider implementation of community trust
arbitrage smart contract standard (protocol).
Feedback management
All audited trusted communities will be listed on Debitum Network. If service

requestor (borrower or investor) will have feedback about provided services from
community member, community must ensure possibility to register feedback (both
positive and negative) and communicate with member, especially to solve negative
feedback.
Community and community leader must take responsibility for ensuring that
provided service from their members is appropriate and performed on decent level
of quality. Otherwise they must ensure the underperforming counterparty improves
or is removed from the community.
If service requestor (borrower or investor) won’t get any follow up actions from
particular community, it will be possible to register feedback with Debitum
Network Trust Arbitrage. It will investigate if community actions were sufficient.
If not, Debitum Network Trust Arbitrage may take a pre-designed action, i.e., use
counterparty’s frozen Debitum tokens to compensate feedback provider, manually
drop rating for the counterparty or its community, or even ban the counterparty or
its entire community from Debitum Network.
HYBRID connecting crypto and fiat
Importantly, as crypto is not recognized as a traditional currency in most countries

(except for Japan) and as most cryptocurrencies are too volatile, most business
borrowers and investors in short and medium term would prefer to deal with loan
principal and interest payments in its usual legacy way – using fiat payments.
Incorporating loan-related capital transfers might serve as a fancy façade for any
project, but the interest in such a system will remain chiefly an academic one for years
to come. By a premature move of onboarding loan-related capital today, we would
spook many potential users. Hence Debitum Network will use crypto currency only
for other financing cycle related fees and guarantee-like token freezes.
As for the loan-related capital, we look at it as “physical goods” that can be dealt
with off-the-blockchain with reference to it on the blockchain. The ecosystem has a
designated role – fiat facilitator – to take care of all fiat transactions, make necessary
records on the blockchain using smart contracts and ensure that the ecosystem can
be used from day one.
Hybrid approach allows us to combine current state of business practices and

blockchain infrastructure to have an operational ecosystem from day one. At the
same time it does not forbid to have a long term vision of crypto only transactions.
As time goes by and crypto currencies become more mainstream, Debitum Network
will be able to develop and evolve and transfer loan-related capital on blockchain.
Meanwhile, we will work hard to promote blockchain solutions to SMEs worldwide
at the same time addressing the credit gap issue small businesses are having.
Market making within Hybrid platform
As Debitum Network operates on the three-sided market. The problem of reaching

a critical mass of users on all sides (borrowers, investors and service providers) is
essential.
It will be possible for Debitum Network to use Debitum tokens from Reserve to
solve ‘empty room’ problem by lending Debitum tokens to various parties and
motivating them to try Debitum Network. Later, as they receive loans, interests or
payments - lent Debitum tokens will be returned to Reserve.
Debitum Network also aims to use ‘at the time not needed funds’ to conservatively
lend them to borrowers to stipulate more and more borrowers to join Debitum
Network. As there will be more investors in the ecosystem, these funds will be
returned to Debitum Network budget.
Lastly, we need to ensure compatibility and interoperability with other existing

finance or FinTech solutions. That way we would allow existing incumbent
companies to integrate to Debitum Network and become part of its ecosystem.
Debitum Network does not aim to ‘replace’ everything that has been built - we
must disturb the current way of doing business but at the same time allow existing
companies and businesses in the alternative finance sector to connect and move
from their existing solutions to Debitum Network.
TRUST based
By combining fiat operations and highly trustable and efficient blockchain

based financing process Debitum Network will ensure high interest from SMEs
and investors. As lending is primarily driven by trust in the borrower’s ability to
repay, Debitum Network will ensure that all transactions will interconnect with
trust arbitrage smart contract that will provide objective trust rating for each
single counterparty as well as communities of counterparties (i.e., risk assessors
community in a single country).
To ensure the objectivity Debitum Network’s trust arbitrage smart contract will be
based on hard blockchain-based facts like services’ smart contracts engaged in, loan
principal amount worked with and other. Each ‘positive’ experience (like successful
execution of a service smart contract) will add some trust rating points, while each
‘negative’ experience (like failure to provide service in prior agreed period of time)
will deduct some trust rating points. This will allow investors to clearly see the
trust level of involved counterparties in every single financing deal as well as will
motivate borrowers, service provider communities and individual counterparties to
act responsibly.
Such approach measuring each counterparty’s trust level will allow for informed
decision making by:
Investors will clearly see the trust level of the potential borrower and will be
able to make trust vs. interest rate decision.
Anyone will clearly see the trust level of any other counterparty that offers
services and will be able to make trust vs. price of a service decision.
Communities to see how their individual members behave, allowing to make

organizational decisions based on trust points earned or lost ability to have
such objective and trust based information for deciding on distribution of
available capital for financing SMEs and lending is a currently non-existing
opportunity for global investors. Hence Debitum Network creates a new
market, a new asset class that will satisfy global investors demand, attract their
available capital and solve worldwide credit gap challenge for SMEs.
Business cycle of the financing process
It is important to notice that Debitum Network recognizes the need for more than
two main parties (borrower and lender) to exist to make a successful investment
transaction. The team behind Debitum Network does not bluntly believe in
‘theoretical’ twofold peer-to-peer approach connecting just investors with
borrowers. All other stages of the financing process must be done by someone – in
the case of many of the current alternative marketplaces or P2P networks, usually
those stages are done by loan brokers / operators or by P2P operator itself.
To allow greater exposure and better access to financing for SMEs, the complete
financing process must be decentralized. To do that one must understand that a
financing process is based on a set of specific stages, i.e., potential customer must
indicate the need for finance, financial asset used as a collateral for the loan must
be verified to ensure authenticity, risk of the potential loan must be evaluated,
funds must be provided, later on (debt) collection process should be activated.
Additional services like insurance of the loan provided or secondary market for
sale/purchase of existing investments (loans already provided) may be provided
around the core business process.
Only if all steps are available, it is possible to ensure full end-to-end SMEs financing
process. Currently, this end-to-end process is locked by traditional finance
institutions or by alternative financing companies. Unfortunately, it means that
investors must put all their trust and funds in single interconnected hands of a
particular company and its employees from various departments.
Debitum Network allows potential investors to transparently weight investment
opportunities and directly invest in SMEs (opportunity traditionally locked by
centralized finance sector). Such ecosystem works as an incentive layer on top of
smart contract framework, which can provide the logical infrastructure for the data
and payment exchange. Transparency and additional trust it builds allows currently
localized or regionalized alternative finance industry to become truly global, in
addition, eliminating two levels of ‘centralization’:
A middleman in a form of traditional financial institutions or centralized

alternative finance companies or platformsю
Opening and decentralizing individual stages of traditionally locked financing

process.
Stages of the financing process
A financing process for a specific asset can take various forms, but the stages of any
full end-to-end financing process are the same:
More detailed descriptions of the stages with more details in regards of how the
stage is carried on within Debitum Network:
Crypto vs.
Stage Process Description Actor
Non-crypto
On- Pre First time borrowers are Borrower Crypto

boarding qualification pre-qualified to ensure
and their compliance with
Application minimal conditions before
joining Debitum Network.
Borrower presents loan
application, including
assets available for
backing the required loan.
Assessment Asset Verifiers check if the Verification Crypto

verification asset corresponds to and Risk
and Risk the description. assessment
assessment Risk assessors evaluate Counterparty
loan application, available
collateral and estimate risk
premiums and suggested
pricing structure.
Insurance Insuring loan Insurers may be used Insurance Crypto
to be provided to insure the future Counterparty
investors against default
of the borrower and
guarantee partial or full
repayment of the loan.
Insurance availability
might vary depending
on the loan product.
Funding Investment Investors assess available Investor Crypto (if

in a single or information (optionally additional
multiple loans requiring additional services
counterparties to provide required)
services to improve Non-crypto
available information) (fiat transfer
and choose which loan of principal
applications to grant – in amount)
most cases based on trust
vs. risk vs. premium.
Secondary Sell / Purchase Current investors can Investor Non-crypto

market existing use secondary market (trade existing
investment to liquidate regular or investments
in a loan on altered-risk loan positions, in fiat)
a secondary new investors can Crypto (trade
market use secondary market of a new
to get into positions tokenized
already invested in. asset class)
Collection Repayment of Loans are fully repaid Borrower Non-crypto
loan or Debt by borrower. or Debt (fiat transfer
collection If loan is not repaid on collection of principal
if unpaid time and within agreed Counterparty amount +
conditions, debt collection interest,
process is started to legal debt
ensure partial or full collection
repayment. If insurance actions)
is present, investors are Crypto
compensated right away, (records
while debt collectors of debt
work towards ensuring collection
funds to insurer process)
Trust Automatic Trust arbitrage smart Debitum Crypto

arbitrage updates contract updates trust Network (automatic
of trust rating and defines smart smart
ratings and further conditions for all contracts, contract
Community involved counterparties. Communit transactions,
manages own Community may manage management
counterparties its counterparties, for of community
example, if one failed smart
to deliver service, contracts)
misconducted or did Non-crypto
exceptional work. (management
of community
Detailed steps of financing process
Detailed financing process indicating actions of various members of the ecosystem

as well as automatic Debitum Network actions based on smart contracts:
Note: DN means
Debitum Network
Description of Debitum Network financing process:
1A New Borrower: New SME applies using their business credentials to join
Debitum Network and must undergo initial pre-qualification process, i.e.,
prove that it is a legal company, provide some generic company data. SME is
automatically check against Trust arbitrage smart contract to make sure that
if SME was ‘removed’ earlier from Debitum Network, it would not be able to
return before the reconciliation period ends.
SMEs can join Debitum Network directly or via a broker / agent who deals with
SME non-crypto way while moving the needed loan onto Debitum Network.
Moreover, to further stipulate self sustainability of the ecosystem, referral
system compensating anyone attracting a new borrower with Debitum tokens
will be in place.
Borrower is registered on Debitum Network, a new account for crypto currency

is created (unless an existing one is used during the onboarding process).
1.1 Prequalify: If Borrower passes automatic prequalification (i.e., amount of

revenue, time from registration), the financing process advances; otherwise
Borrower can’t join Debitum Network and can try doing it later.
1B New application: Borrower can apply for a new loan (indicating needed
amount, acceptable interest rate, advanced interest rate in case of minimal
late payment, repayment date and other critical data) and provide information
on assets to be used as a collateral for the loan, if any. Initial validation of
application will be taken care - to automatically refuse applications that would
not make any business sense for the ecosystem thus not wasting members’
time as well as not to fill the ecosystem with ‘garbage’ applications.
All data is recorded on the blockchain. New smart contract for particular asset
is automatically created. Borrower shall have Debitum tokens before applying
for the loan as Borrower pays Debitum tokens for asset creation within the
ecosystem.
2A Verify asset: Borrower (or Investor) requests verification counterparty to

verify the asset and authenticate it to description provided using traditional
measures, i.e., phone call to company, checking signed copies of documents,
or automatic process, i.e., automated process linked to local databases or other
blockchain solutions.
New smart contract for verification of the asset is automatically created.

Borrower (or Investor) may request more than one verifier to perform this step,
then all individual verifications as well as aggregated verification is presented.
Results of verification are recorded to blockchain. The initiator of this step
(Borrower or Investor) shall compensate counterparty for performing this step
in Debitum tokens - considering trust rating vs. price of verification. Amount
of 10% from all received fees by the verification counterparty is frozen to
guarantee quality of future services delivered.
2.1 Verified: If asset is verified, the financing process advances; otherwise the
fact about ‘unverified asset’ is passed to trust arbitrage smart contract and
the financing process is terminated, the loan request (based on the asset) is
removed from Debitum Network.
2B Assess Risk: Borrower (or Investor) requests risk assessor counterparty to

assess the risk of the asset (loan). Risk assessment is a complicated process that
is influenced by data available for different geographic locations and involves
various facets of potential risk like SME, its financial data, its customers,
liquidity of assets provided, market they operate, location they operate etc.
Counterparty can do risk assessment manually by analyzing data or by using
automated risk scoring algorithms.
New smart contract for risk assessment is automatically created. Borrower

(or Investor) may request more than one risk assessor to perform this step,
then all individual assessments as well as aggregated assessment is presented.
Results of risk assessment are recorded to blockchain. The initiator of this
step (Borrower or Investor) shall compensate counterparty for performing this
step in Debitum tokens - considering trust rating vs. price of risk assessment.
Amount of 10% from all received fees by the risk assessment counterparty is
frozen to guarantee quality of future services delivered.
3A Insurance: The loan may be insured to decrease risk for Investors against
default of borrower and guarantee partial or full repayment of the loan.
Hence ensuring better traction of financing. It is a step performed by insurer
counterparty on the request of Borrower or Investor.
New smart contract for insurer is automatically created. Borrower (or Investor)
may request more than one insurer to perform this step. Fact of insurance
is recorded to blockchain. The initiator of this step (Borrower or Investor)
shall compensate counterparty for performing this step in Debitum tokens -
considering trust rating vs. price of insurance and proposed terms of insurance.
Amount of 10% from all received fees by the insurance counterparty is frozen
to guarantee quality of future services delivered.
4A Invest in a loan: Investors use list of available loans / dashboard of available

loans on Debitum Network to check, pick and invest in one or many loans at
the same time. Investors will be able to request more services to have better
information about the asset or based on the available information make an
informed decision in which loan to invest. Manual and automatic investment
options will be available – automatic option allocates designated investor’s
funds based on predefined criteria, for example, risk rating, amount of loan,
geographic location, market operated in etc.
Investors will use existing borrower’s asset smart contract to record investment.
To have an automatic investment Debitum Network will scan and analyze
existing borrowers asset smart contracts and automatically invest in the loans
corresponding to automatic investment options set by particular investor.
Fact of investment is recorded to blockchain. Investor needs to have Debitum
tokens before investing in a loan as Investor should pay Debitum tokens for
investment creation within the ecosystem.
4B Fiat investment: As Debitum Network is a hybrid solution, all loan-related

payments (principal and interest) will be dealt in fiat currencies and treated
as “physical financial goods”. There will be a specific counterparty to ensure
fiat transactions – a fiat facilitator. Investors will make fiat transfers to fiat
facilitators who will make needed transfers to Borrowers based on investor’s
investment indications on Debitum Network. As Borrowers need to receive
a single fiat wire for the deal, many investors’ payments in fiat need to be
aggregated beforehand by fiat facilitator.
Fiat facilitators will use existing borrower’s asset smart contract to record fiat
payments sent. Fact of fiat transfer is recorded to blockchain. Fiat facilitators
keep a small percentage of fiat payments made as a compensation for their
services of distributing fiat from investors to borrowers and vice versa.
5 Secondary market: As soon as investors have invested in a loan, a new

tokenized asset class, a sub-investment instrument, is created. Such crypto
assets can be sold to other investors directly on Debitum Network’s secondary
market. Secondary market ensures that other investors will be able to purchase
“late assets with discount” or current investors will be able to liquidate their
existing investment with or without discount. Investor may list investments
in loans that investor wants to resell and indicate discount offered to new
investors. Other investors may choose to buy the existing investment.
If one investor buys an existing investment from another investor on Debitum

Network secondary market, investment smart contract is changed that ensures
the repaid principal and interest is transferred to the new investor. Results of
secondary market transactions are recorded to blockchain. Current investor
needs to have Debitum tokens before publishing an existing investment on a
secondary market as current investor should pay Debitum tokens for creation
of a secondary market item within the ecosystem.
6.1 Loan paid on time: If Borrower repays loan with interest on time by making
a fiat payment to fiat facilitator, process is continued by fiat facilitator.
If Borrower does not repay loan with interest on time (including advanced
interest period, if such was anticipated), debt collection process is started.
6A Fiat repayment: When Borrower repays principal and interest, fiat

facilitator assigns received fiat to investors as well as exchange agreed part
of interest received to Debitum tokens and transfer to investors’ accounts on
Debitum Network. This allows investors to keep continuously using services
on the ecosystem. Fiat facilitators repay fiat to investors only if requested by
an investor. Fiat is not repaid every time as holding it allows fiat facilitator to
optimize for fiat transfer costs, to distribute operated fiat over various regions
and countries. It is important as SMEs joining Debitum Network should use
local (the cheapest) fiat transfers available.
Fiat facilitators will use existing borrower’s asset smart contract to record fiat
payments received. Fact of fiat transfer is recorded to blockchain.
6B Debt collection: If Borrower does not repay loan with interest on time
(including advanced interest period if such was anticipated) a new smart contract
for debt collection is automatically created and debt collection counterparties
may make proposals. Investors should vote on which proposal to take as they
may be extremely different, i.e., anything from regain small amount fast to
regain most of the amount very slowly. The period for votes closes either if
more than 50% of Investors picked a single debt collection option or time
dedicated for voting ends. The option most supported by Investors is picked
and that particular debt collector starts work for all existing Investors (not only
the ones that voted). When (part of) debt is collected, information is passed to
fiat facilitator to understand how fiat payment received should be distributed.
Fact of debt collection is recorded to blockchain. All debt collection costs are
taken from the borrower.
7A Trust arbitrage: When the process for particular loan ends (either by
successful repayment of loan or buy debt collection process), automatic trust
arbitrage process is triggered for all members involved in the particular loan.
Each smart contract used throughout financing of a particular loan will

automatically trigger trust arbitrage smart contract for both parties involved.
Trust arbitrage smart contracts will be linked to main asset smart contract to
follow ‘the outcome’ of the loan. Based on specific objective criteria trust rating
will be updated (increased or decreased by certain amount of trust points) for
each party involved.
Service counterparties will not trigger Debitum Network trust arbitrage

directly but via community trust arbitrage smart contract to ensure that the
whole community represented by a particular counterparty gets their trust
rating updated.
Trust rating can define availability, price, or priority for further actions within
Debitum Network bringing financing process to a new level by optimizing
financing process to promote the best performing members of the ecosystem.
Available trust ratings will be displayed on Debitum Network to allow other

members to consider trust before engaging into mutual business operation.
Data displayed may also include particular parts of trust rating, for example,
number of successful transactions, number of ‘thumbs up/down’, number of
disputes, and total transaction volume. With every successful transaction and
good final ranking, the increase in the system reputation will result in additional
Debitum token transfers across all involved members.
7.1 Action needed: Specific business rules will be developed within trust
arbitrage smart contract for automatic operations with Debitum Network
members based on changing trust ratings. To do that Debitum Network will
scan and analyze existing trust arbitrage smart contracts and performed
designated actions if trust arbitrage smart contract corresponds to automatic
actions designed.
7B Trust action: Based on changing trust ratings, specific business rules will
trigger trust arbitrage smart contract to perform certain actions. For example, if
trust rating of a counterparty drops by 50% its community shall decide of what
to do with particular counterparty, if no ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ action is taken –
the counterparty involved is automatically frozen for certain period or removed
altogether. Any automatic rule will be transparent and publicly available to
anyone. They are needed to ensure that only trustworthy counterparties are
participating within the ecosystem and to minimize fraudulence and potential
trust damage to the whole global ecosystem.
To recap, financing process within Debitum Network is designed in a way that it can
be used by direct counterparties for each financing stage, i.e., SME, investor, risk
assessor etc., but it also allows proxy counterparties to use Debitum Network and
perform actual steps in non-crypto environment. For example, a loan originator can
register instead of a single SME and resell existing SME loans to investors, a sales
broker can register instead of investor and reinvest investors’ funds, any broker
may register instead of designated counterparty and resell needed services. Such
approach ensures better Debitum Network growth opportunities, ensures more
services to be traded for Debitum tokens on Debitum Network as well as allow new
businesses to be created and formed around Debitum Network.
Made for present, ready for the future
On the global level, most of the financing stages currently are carried out manually
– meaning that they require human interaction that is usually supported by
technology or some sort of an IT solution. Currently there are fewer counterparties
that have fully automated the processes.
However, as time passes, it is believed that stages of financing process will become
fully automated, for example using artificial intelligence solutions, machine learning
algorithms and similar. To be ready for such development Debitum Network will
provide public APIs (protocols) for all smart contract types in the ecosystem. Hence
Debitum Network will be built to support current way of working as well as will
future automation – artificial intelligence solution will be able to use smart contract
API and integrate its actions with Debitum Network.
Such API based approach allows Debitum Network to grow in the long run:
it allows counterparties to integrate AI, machine learning, or traditional

information systems to perform their services automatically, faster, more
efficient and with less errors.
it allows to integrate Debitum Network with other blockchain solutions, for
example, supply chain blockchain solutions that could automatically provide
Debitum Network ecosystem with trustworthy assets.
Technical mechanics
Debitum Network requires strong architectural design and bullet proof technical
implementation to ensure successful launch and usability of Debitum Network.
The primary design goal of Debitum Network is to deliver the open system, which
could not only communicate with ecosystem powered by blockchain but also that
would be robust, easy to scale, and suitable for implementation for protocols needed
for Debitum Network ecosystem. Users must have possibility to communicate with
ecosystem not only through blockchain, but also by different system adapters using
them through computer desktop or browser.
Infrastructure
Debitum Network is a comprehensive middleware with its core running on Ethereum

blockchain and a number of gateways ready to incorporate counterparties who
run other standards of distributed applications. Since Debitum Network does not
incorporate its own consensus mechanism, its attack to sensitive data resistance and
fault tolerance are equal to those of Ethereum’s. For the same reason, Debitum has
no internal common mode failure problem. A fundamental limitation of blockchain
applications of being expensive is not relevant in Debitum Network’s case because
B2B transactions are relatively large. On average an SME loan is around 15 thousand
USD, hence currently known blockchain application related infrastructure costs are
relatively low.
For security purpose, system infrastructure will have public, easy available for
everyone, and private, controlled by system administrators, subnets. Adapters will
communicate with the ecosystem through load balancers in public subnet which
main goal is to send data for ecosystem parts in private subnet. In private subnet,
EVM for communication with blockchains, would be deployed. Also, kubernetes
cluster where application, which will communicate with blockchain, and provide
data of smart contract status changes. All (which are not powered in Ethereum
blockchains) infrastructure will run in Amazon Web Service infrastructure.
Blockchain proves the existence of the content, both borrower-related and deal-
related. Hashed records are used for timestamps and current status of a deal. The
main system textile keeps metadata links to complete versions of documents stored
elsewhere, in other specialized blockchain-based systems. Some fair automation
will be applied, so long as it does not force contributors to change their normal
legal ways. Should the Ethereum ecosystem gain some legal acceptance, we will
incorporate the corresponding updates. Maximum indexing and labeling of data for
future use of big data and machine learning will be applied.
System components
Use Cases
The following are the set of use cases that are architecturally significant to the
Debitum Network system:
User management Debitum Network users will be able to securely

register in system and manage their profiles, for
providing data for all system participants in different
groups.
Asset management Authenticated users will be able to operate with

assets as Borrowers, Investors, and Fiat Facilitators
Risk assessment Authenticated users will be able to register in risk

management assessment communities, provide risk assessment
services, manage community as managers. Also,
investors, borrowers, Fiat Facilitators will be able to
order assets risk assessment and rate risk assessors.
Debt collection Authenticated users will be able to register in debt

management collection communities. Investors, Fiat Facilitators
will be able to order debt collection from debt
collection communities and rate provided services.
Each use case will be separated by additional domain contexts which will
communicate between each other.
Domain separation
Each use case will process in different domain context. Domains contexts will
be managed by additional services, which will communicate between each other
in orchestrated cluster. System design will have structure of the loosely coupled
services. Decomposing the system into the smaller autonomous parts will improve
modularity and makes easier to understand, develop, and test the all system.
Frontend Components
Although Debitum Network system processes will be managed in Ethereum smart

contracts, users are not expected to interact with it through smart contracts
manually. For this purpose, they will be using front-end components that make
system functionality easy to use. Front-end components will be responsible to
manage (in the background) a sequence contract interactions on the ecosystem
network.
Backing Services
Not all system services will manage business domains contexts. System will consume
backing services as part of its natural operations. In Debitum Network system we
will have mainly three backing services:
Gateway service Service responsible for user authentication/

authorization management and protects back-
end resources in the all application. Will manage if
resources can be exposed to front-end components.
A protected resource would only be accessible if user
will be authenticated. Unprotected resources could
be viewed by users who are not authenticated.
Discovery service Service responsible for maintaining a registry of
other service information in all system cluster.
Each service will subscribe in Discovery service at
the start-up. In subscribing service will provide its
networking information. By doing this, all other
services in the cluster environment will be able to
locate other services by downloading a service
registry and caching it locally. Discovery service will
be used as-needed to retrieve the network address
of other services that has dependency on needed
domain processes.
Config server Service responsible for centralizing external

service configurations needed for other services. This
service will allow other services to retrieve their
tailored configurations for the target environment.
Backing services are still considered as services, that solves a set of concerns that
are purely operational and security-related. All backing services will run in Docker
containers managed by Kubernetes orchestration.
Backend Services
Business logic of the Debitum Network system almost entirely managed by backend
services. Each of these services will be exposed as a seamless REST API which will
run in Docker containers and managed by Kubernetes orchestration. All business
domain processes will be managed by Debitum Network services:
Assets Service Service responsible for managing processes related
with assets management through business flow
between Borrowers, Investors, and Fiat Facilitators.
Risk assessment Service responsible for managing communication

management processes between risk assessment inquirer and risk
service assessor communities.
Debt collection Service responsible for managing communication

service processes between debt collection requestors and
debt collection communities.
User management Service responsible for managing user profile states

service changes in all system.
Smart Contracts
Rather than centralizing ownership of communities’ processes, interlinked Ethereum

smart contracts will give possibility to distribute ownership of processes flow
managed by various communities. Debitum Network smart contract standards will
facilitate a settlement flows between the service provider communities, investors,
fiat facilitators, and borrowers. To illustrate the intended functionality, we provide
workflow scheme which reflects communication flow on blockchain between
different ecosystem parties:
C
B
RISK ASSESSMENT
COMMUNITY
B
A
A
ASSETS
TRUST ARBITRAGE
DEBT COLLECTION
COMMUNITY
Community smart contracts
Processes flows of different system parties will be monitored and managed by

communities. To enable community participation in all Debitum Network ecosystem,
community administrators, must implement Debitum Network community
smart contract standard and register through trust arbitrage of smart contracts.
Community smart contact will have to implement “Community” standard interface:
contract Community {
function approvedMember(address _member) constant returns

(bool);
function status(address _member) constant returns (string);
function register(string _fullname, string _email, string _data)

returns(bool);
function removeMember(address _member) returns (bool);
function approve(address _member) returns (bool);
function ratingAddress(address _member) constant returns

(address);
event MemberRegistered(address _memberAddress, string _

fullname, string _email, string _data);
event MemberRemoved(address _memberAddress);
event MemberApproved(address _memberAddress);
The description of the interface methods is provided below:
approvedMember – returns true if user is a member of particular community;
status – returns member status in community, which is managed by community

administrators, i.e., registered, active, blocked;
register – registration method for new community member;
removeMember – method which can only be used by community administrators

to remove a member from community;
approve – method which can only be used by community administrators to

approve member registration in community;
ratingAddress – returns address of rating smart contract for a particular

community member
Each community contract will be audited by trust arbitrage and if it passes it will be
registered in Debitum Network system.
Rating smart contracts
Each community will have to implement rating functionality for their members, to
provide objective member ratings for all members of the ecosystem. For users to
check information and ratings of different communities they will be able to check
it using communities smart contract by calling method ratingAddress. Community
administrators will have to implement rating factory implementation which will
construct rating smart contract for each community member. Rating smart contracts
will have to implement interface standard:
contract Rating {
function community() constant returns(address);
function member() constant returns(address);
function fullname() constant returns(string);
function data() constant returns(string);
function email() constant returns(string);
function rating() constant returns(uint);
The description of interface method is provided below:
cummunity – community to which user/member belongs;
member – member, which rating smart contract represents;
fullname – members full name;
data – additional data about community member;
email – community members email;
rating – members rating, provided by community.
Service request management contracts
Debitum Network system users will be able to request different services (as risk
assessment, debt collection, etc.), decide from which user to order service, to pay
for provided services, and to publish rating for delivered results.
ServiceRequest smart contracts reflect agreements between service requestor
(borrower or investor) and counterparties (community members). When service
is provided / finalized for service requestor, particular smart contract sets status
of finished service and initiates trust arbitrage smart contract for counterparty
(community member) involved.
Each service request smart contract will have to implement interface standard:
contract ServiceRequest is ERC223Receiver {
function tokenFallback(address _sender, address _origin, uint

_value, bytes _data) returns (bool ok);
function proposePrice(uint _value) returns(bool);
function assetId() constant returns(string);
function deadline() constant returns(uint);
function serviceCommunity() constant returns(address);
function serviceProvider() constant returns(address);
function status() constant returns(string);
The description of interface method is provided below:
tokenFallback – service request contract will have to accept ERC223 standard

tokens, for this purpose it must implement ERC223 receiver standard method;
proposePrice – method letting propose price for community members;
assetId – asset identifier for which service must be delivered;
deadline – timestamp, till when service must be delivered;
serviceCommunity – community smart contract address, which member is

responsible for service delivery;
serviceProvider – community member who was chosen as service provider;
status – status of service accomplishment.
Token economy
To understand if Debitum token is sufficiently likely to gain value over time after the
Crowdsale, it is important to apprehend token economy within Debitum Network
ecosystem.
Most important details are described in this section; however, please refer also to
Debitum Network Token Generation Event document, especially sections “Utility
of Tokens” and “Token Economy” for more details.
Debitum token (DEB)
The goal is to create fast growing, trusted, self-governed and global business
financing ecosystem, Debitum Network, that is built around its members and
employs single ecosystem’s cryptocurrency – Debitum token to pay for all the
services rendered. Only those having Debitum token will be able to purchase
various services via Debitum Network.
There are two intrinsic values for Debitum token to exist:
‘Value Exchange’ as Debitum token is the only means of payments within the
Debitum Network
‘Toll’ as all service providers should ‘freeze’ certain amount of Debitum tokens
to guarantee execution of future services via Trust Arbitrage mechanism
Below more detailed flow of Debitum tokens is depicted among various Debitum
Network members. As with any money-like instrument, the flow should be in an
equilibrium – number of all inflows equals to number of all outflows. However, the
time between inflow and outflow is the crucial factor directly impacting the scarcity
of the token and its increased value as demand shifts upwards.
F I AT TRUST
FAC I L I TATO R ARBITRAGE
BORROWER COMMUNITY
SERVICE
INVESTORS
PROVIDERS
Based on experience most investors, especially the largest ones or institutional ones,
are keen to stay in the ecosystem for a long term. Service providers seeing profitable
business opportunity will also stay in the ecosystem for a long term. Borrowers
are twofold: SMEs will stay for a short to medium term as they are expected to
grow stronger and become ‘bankable’ and move to cheaper financing options;
while organizational borrowers (operators) should be keen to stay for a long term.
Thus we believe that as Debitum Network grows, more and more members will
join that will need to use Debitum token simultaneously, hence we should see the
demand in a point of time increase – increasing the value of the token. Moreover,
the members of the ecosystem and Debitum Network broader community noticing
the increase in the value of the token may opt to hold on to tokens rather than
selling them just after receiving via business transaction. As this would make supply
shift downwards, the value of the token should further increase.
TOKEN LIFETIME
PER LOAN
100% INVESTOR
90% OR
INCREASED
80% BUY SERVICES NET DEMAND
70%
DEBT
COLLECTOR
60%
SERVICE PROVIDERS SELL

50%
BORROWER SELL TOKENS
OR RECEIVED
40% INVESTOR
SALE
T O TA L
30% DEMAND
PAY S F O R S E R V I C E
20%
10%
TIME
WA I T F O R INTEREST TO
LOAN TO BE TOKENS
R E PA I D
10%
FREEZE
TO K E N S PA I D F O R
DEBT COLLECTION
NET TOKEN DEMAND
TOKEN
DEMAND
T O K E N S U P P LY
Such design of token economy ensures Debitum token has intrinsic value. It
indicates that Debitum token may increase in value due to the following Debitum
token demand by:
borrowers and financial asset originators to pay for services rendered of other
counterparties within the process of receiving financing;
investors to pay for certain Debitum services, i.e., advance on debt collection,
additional insurance;
all ecosystem participants to use Debitum token for Trust arbitrage smart
contracts – where Debitum token directly allows individual counterparties and
communities to be rated. This provides additional social paradigm to Debitum
token and involves Debitum ecosystem members on a deeper level.
Debitum token traders to buy and later sell the token to capitalize on the
growth of crypto currency as the whole Debitum Network ecosystem growth.
Closed loop of aligned incentives
Action plan
Using the experience of our team and the advisors on doing and building international
and finance operations, we have created the action plan to be followed to fully
develop and deploy Debitum Network. We can define several stages needed to
achieve our objective:
Stage 0 “Development”: during the initial stage, we will develop Debitum

Network 1.0 version and deploy it. This version will be fully functional to serve
initial markets.
Stage 1 “Preparation”: preparing market making and business development

operations for a specific region / country. Action may include hiring country
specific staff, preparing needed legal framework, adjusting procedures to
local / regional specific and similar. During Stage 1 operations in a country are
managed directly from the headquarters.
Stage 2 “Market entry”: starting actual market making and business

development activities within a specific region / country. During this stage,
initial counterparties / communities are on-boarded in a specific region /
country. At the end of stage 2 a country is managed via regional management.
Stage 3 “Market penetration”: market penetration happens during a period

of around 3 years for each country. After this period, there are enough
counterparties and communities as well as local borrowers that the daily
market making and business development operations are not needed and the
ecosystem is self-sustainable in that specific country. At the end of stage 3,
country operations are downsized, most of involvement happens from the
regional level.
Stage 4 “Self-sustainability”: With time the ecosystem will have enough
counterparties, communities, borrowers and investors to be self-sustainable.
No further business development activities will be needed.
Note: stage 0 and stage 4 are general stages for the whole ecosystem, while
stages 1 to 3 are specific for each region and country within that region, for
example, a country in Europe may go through stages 1 to 3 at a different
timeline and pace than a country in South America.
Country selection analysis
Our team together with our Advisors who have great deal of experience in
worldwide business has analysed data from the World Bank and has come up with
a list of countries where Debitum Network should be launched. In total there are
50 countries:
Euro zone countries Lithuania Latvia Estonia Hungary

Slovenia Greece
Non-euro zone Poland Romania Bulgaria

EU countries Czech Republic Slovakia
Balkans Croatia Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina

Turkey
Other European Russia Ukraine Belarus

countries
South America Brazil Argentina Chile Uruguay
Venezuela Bolivia Paraguay Peru
Colombia Ecuador
Central America Mexico Honduras Jamaica

Costa Rica Guatemala Dominican Republic
Trinidad & Tobago
Asia Thailand South Korea China

Kazakhstan Hong Kong Singapore
Malaysia Brunei India
Middle East Saudi Arabi United Arab Emirates Iran

Kuwait Qatar
Africa South Africa
In the first two steps of Debitum Network geographical development we focus on

home markets we know best:
Step 1 Step 2
6 Euro zone countries:
Estonia Greece Poland Romania
Hungary Latvia Czech Republic Slovakia
Lithuania Slovenia Bulgaria and the Balkan countries
After initial success in home markets, we plan to launch first markets outside Europe
within Step 3 in 2019Q4. We will focus on the markets with the largest credit gaps
for SMEs and the largest credit gaps per SME, in a good balance of these two
factors. In addition, we assessed each potential market for ease of doing business
as well as risks for launching and running business in each specific market.
For example, we chose to exclude significant potential
markets with estimated credit gap for SMEs above 25
billion USD but with a credit gap per SME below 3,000
USD, such as Nigeria, Indonesia and Vietnam. Average
credit gap per SME in the markets covered by the current
Debitum Network development plan is ca. 7,000 USD. In
European markets where Debitum Network is destined
to start, credit gap per SME is above 24,000 USD.
In addition, we excluded small markets with high credit gap per SME such as
Montenegro, Armenia or Belize for their limited market potential. Thus the list of
countries to be launched in upcoming steps are:
Step 3 Step 4
Brazil Argentina Chile
Mexico Thailand Saudi Arabia United Arab
South Korea China Emirates Iran Kuwait
India Qatar Honduras
Jamaica Costa Rica
Guatemala Dominican
Republic Kazakhstan
Russia Ukraine Belarus
South Africa Colombia
Ecuador Peru Uruguay
Trinidad & Tobago Venezuela
Bolivia Paraguay
Hong Kong Singapore
Malaysia Brunei
Use of Proceeds
The exact usage of fund received will be adjusted by the total amount of funds
received. The rule of thumb is that the more funds are received, the more countries
may be ‘launched’ within a shorter timeline. For Debitum Network (or any other
ecosystem, for that matter) to truly become a leading global player, one must move
as fast as possible. Why? Because competition increases, various local ‘copy-cats’
are created, momentum might not be reached and similar. It also means that most
of the funds shall be spent on market making and business development.
0.33% 10.3%
AUDITING
4.72%
HEADQUARTERS
P L AT F O R M D E V E L O P M E N T 2.3%
ECOSYSTEM
Wide business development
7.75%
REGIONAL (10)
Business development
74.60%
COUNTRY (50)
Business development
Each country’s development (i.e., country business development, customer

relations, initial market making) takes around 1.42% of the budget and totals
to around 71%. Current calculations are made based on the hand picked list of
50 countries based on their total credit gap as indicated by the World Bank and
individual economic analysis carried out by the team. A community based approach
means that Debitum Network team should set up at least one community for each
type of service providers and help growing it. Moreover, if there is a potential for an
‘institutional borrower’ community - it will make it easier to attract more borrowers
/ SMEs via ‘institutional borrowers’ to ensure steady demand of loans. If there are
no such ‘institutional borrowers’, a particular country might require more direct
marketing and sales activities.
Managing the development and deployment of Debitum Network or ecosystem
management costs take around 11.3% of the total budget.
Each region’s development (i.e., coordination of activities within the region, bridging
the gap between global operations and country operations and similar) takes around
0,67% of the budget and totals to around 6.68%. Current calculations are based on
splitting all hand-picked 50 countries into ‘manageable’ regions based on market
sizes, geographic proximity and cultural similarities of the countries.
Ecosystem-wide business development (i.e., attracting global investors and ensuring

customer support) takes around 5.9% of the budget.
Debitum Network ecosystem technological development takes around 4.8%. We

will use a lower cost nearshore country for developing Debitum Network solution.
This budget allows to have an IT team of around 12 people that would develop initial
solution as well as ensure further development and country specific adaptations or
integrations, if needed.
Auditing of financial transactions as well as Debitum Network IT solution take

around 0.32% of the budget. We want to make sure that token holders are assured
that Debitum Network team spends funds in designated way and that the created
technological solution is secure and properly working. On top of paid auditing, we
are planning to use community testing and feedback to ensure the highest possible
quality to our deliverables.
As we have outlined the proportions for full scenario with 50 countries, initial use
of funds (after Stage 1) shall be different; however, in the longer period of time
proportions should reach the percentages indicated above.
Alternative development plans based on funds raised
In addition to the best scenario when the ‘hard cap’ is collected, we have developed
approach of how to act if less funds are raised. That approach is based on splitting
final market reach into four stages:
MARKETS LAUNCHED
1 2 3 4
7 EURO-ZONE +9 CEE & BALKAN +6 KEY MARKET +29 MARKETS

COUNTRIES COUNTRIES REGIONS WORLDVIDE
Debitum Network crowdsale is designed in stages. Reaching the ‘hard cap’ of initial
Stage 1 would allow to cover initial two steps of the business development plan.
Moreover, the short term excess of funds may be used to ensure better market
making and to fill ‘empty room’ problem from investors’ side. In such case funds
used for market making will decrease as more funds will be needed to cover costs
of business development in more and more regions and countries.
Self-sustainability
It is important for initial and later token holders to know that Debitum Network
can be self-sustainable in the long run and does not require additional funding to
run. Funding is needed to finalize the technology solution, set up operations and
expand in many markets around the world to truly create a global ecosystem.
Our business plan calculations show break even time for each step of the ecosystem:
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

in two and a in three years in three and a in five years
half years from from the project half years from from the
the project beginning the project project
beginning beginning beginning
Potential business challenges
There are several potential business challenges that may alter the time needed for
a particular market to become self-sustainable:
Need for Education about Alternative Financing: it might be that a particular

market players, i.e., small businesses, have not heard of any other financing
opportunity than traditional bank financing. In that case it will take more time to
initially raise awareness of the whole alternative finance industry and services
available. Only after the initial awareness is raised, one may successfully start
offering alternative financing services to small businesses.
Crypto awareness: many business organizations do not have any experience

with crypto or tokens. Hence it might take time and extra effort to show how
such tokens are to be purchased / sold, how to use tokens and underlying
infrastructure, like wallet or exchange. To successfully implement Debitum
Network we should raise the general awareness of crypto and teach local
organizations how to use it. At the same time we need to put more user
experience effort into the solution to make it easier understandable.
Debitum Network Solution
Summary
Project purpose
Facilitation of alternative financing forms through a distributed

cross-border platform for businesses and individuals.
The pain
The cost of provision of trust between lenders and borrowers is too high. Businesses
struggle for reasonably accessible financing due to the lack of effective international
marketplaces and transparent pledge security registries.
Pain killer
Decentralized, community and trust based ecosystem that connects borrowers,

investors and service providers in an efficient way. In long run design of Debitum
Network allows it to become self-sustainable. Debitum tokens will be used within
Debitum Network, while loan principal and interest payments will be transferred
using fiat.
Market timing
We will advance over the maximally wide frontline but will work in each place for
a certain period of time to ensure self-sustainability. A partial use of incumbent
practices allows the Debitum Network community to start making money right
away without strong dependence on the lagging broader adoption of crypto.
System
Debitum Network is a distributed business-to-business ecosystem. The core

technical offering is Ethereum-based application. Debitum Network features
forthcoming APIs to enable middleware developers to easily link other networks to
Debitum Network.
Business model
There are many places for different actors to make money on the ecosystem,
communities’ leaders can earn from growing and looking after the community,
investors can earn interest on loans provided, SMEs can gain access to loans needed
for growth. Debitum Network will ensure trust arbitrage smart contract and will be
able to participate in the whole ecosystem.
Competition
Debitum Network competes with pseudo peer-to-peer systems with centralized
management, with traditional vertically integrated institutions such as banks and
credit unions as well as with some blockchain based solutions. Most important
advantages of Debitum Network are lower costs and entry barriers. The main
drawback is the unusual nature of the framework which may limit the interest from
businesses at the initial stage.
Future Prospects
Today’s industry “whales” represent an existential threat to themselves. They
monopolize entire sectors and raise prices until the people have to fight back
in antitrust courts. They concentrate so much sensitive data in one place that if
something goes really wrong the size of the problem will be way beyond the scope of
any single company. And it feels more like ‘when’ than ‘if’. They abuse crowdsourcing
by seizing the sharing economy trend, creating an illusion of “democratization” but
in reality, restricting access, dictating rules, lowering margins for everybody else,
and generating the endless stream of all sorts of conflicts. The latest development
is that they are attempting to build permissioned distributed ledgers. That’s a cargo
cult and a serious security trap. Those systems, raised in sterile environments,
are going to be very vulnerable in the environment where hackers are trained on
constantly attacking open platforms which keep developing their immune systems
being open to the wild. Big corporations are trying to build an “intranet” again,
but this time, when they fail, the wild versions of things are soon going to be fully
functionable to entice their clientele.
An extreme centralization of things that we see today is temporary and nothing new.
History develops in an upward spiral where governance centralization fluctuates
between periods of weakness and strength. As a result, many tech stacks have a
sandwich structure—there are layers created in periods of relative decentralization
or chaos and layers created in periods of relative centralization or autocracy.
More new rounds of both centralization and decentralization are ahead. And it is
evident whose turn it is now. Decentralization is a vague term meaning anything
from “not all the processing of the transactions is done in the same place” to “not
one single entity has control over all the processing”. In case of Debitum Network,
from the very beginning, we will have ‘architectural’ decentralization (many physical
computers hosting the system) and ‘political’ decentralization (many individuals or
organizations ultimately control the computers that the system is made up of).
Once enough counterparties across many regions join the system, it will achieve
the final stage of decentralization, a ‘logical’ one—the interface and data structures
will become an amorphous swarm.
At later stages, the crypto innovation and decentralization might be accompanied

by shifts in the entire fabrics of economics. Economics is essentially how people
respond to incentives. Some big changes may take place in the not-so-distant future,
so people’s motivations will substantially mutate. The dominant business model for
physical goods may follow the software business fashion and play the ‘subscription
shuffle’ game so more people will not own products so much anymore, in a traditional
sense, but will “subscribe” to stuff and maybe even own the manufacturing in a
collective way. Unlike in software, in hardware it might actually make a lot of sense.
For example, Philips is setting up a business model where they sell light, not lamps.
A person pays for light, like an annual fee. The same is broadly discussed about cars
when they are self-driving. The same would also be good for shoes, jeans and many
other commodity-like things. Thus, consumers get quality products with constant
upgrades and can precisely plan their expenses; businesses cut costs and invest
in strategic improvements, not into a pointless new model rush; society can rely
on vertically integrated responsible actors to channel energy, waste, and other
pressure on the environment. In line with the above “saving economy”, a potential
switch from inflationary monetary model to deflationary one may become another
reason for economics to change. Now people are eager to spend dollars but prefer
to hold bitcoins. While we know for sure that the inflationary model of consumerism
can generate economic growth, albeit with constant threat of crises, in case of an
economy with dominant bitcoin-like money, we don’t know whether people will be
that motivated to set alarm clocks and go to work much.
Why does Debitum Network has better than average chances to survive such
[political] tectonics? First of all, it can adapt to a needed size and seamlessly migrate
its focus to more lucrative regions where there’s more demand. Secondly, it can
comparatively easily incorporate cryptocurrencies to carry principal capital and
new types of collateral including those new smart-contract-based types. And most
importantly, Debitum Network will accumulate efforts invested into it over time
in the form of structural improvements of distributed software not as tangible and
intangible assets exposed to political risk. Should a major crisis occur, it can always
wait it out in a temporary hibernation mode.
About the team
The Debitum Network team comes from the innovative technology company
INNTEC and DEBIFO, a successful traditional invoice financing business in Europe.
Tested by the Market
DEBIFO is a recognized brand in the alternative financing sector. Since the launch
in mid-2015, the company has financed more than 3,700 individual invoices to
small and medium businesses and traded over 25M Eur of funded invoices.
Verified by Institutional Investors
DEBIFO has raised 3M Eur of capital including 1M from MUNDUS Asset Management
Fund. Three funds have conducted successful due diligence of DEBIFO.
Awarded by the Industry Consortium
DEBIFO has received acknowledgement as “The Best Financial service of 2016”

provided by the Lithuanian Business Confederation, the organization that unites
companies which account for around one quarter of Lithuania’s GDP.
Acknowledged by Professional Media
In 2016, DEBIFO has been recognized by Forbes as a “FinTech company to follow”.
The Team
The team behind the Debitum Network who is working on making the project
happen:
Debitum Network team constitutes of inspired finance and technology professionals
who already have a successful track record of creating working alternative financing
ecosystem in Europe.
We have adopted the solution based on feedback, comments and suggestions

provided by our advisor team and community. We believe that Debitum Network
due to its design and architecture (both business and technical) can change the
SME financing worldwide!
The Advisors
The team of advisors who are supporting the team on various questions, mostly on
finance and international business development:
The Supporters
The supporters who are supporting the cause behind Debitum Network or are
waiting for the launch of Debitum Network to join the ecosystem:
Visit https://debitum.network to subscribe for future updates; to comment and ask

questions.
APPENDIX A - credit gap by
country
Detailed data for countries that have been recognized by the World Bank as having
a credit gap:
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Region Country SMEs, number gap / Underserved,
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
East Asia China 337.886 103.547.974 3.263 49%
South
Brazil 237.429 16.030.344 14.811 53%
America
Middle East Saudi Arabia 237.392 1.842.991 128.808 49%
West Asia India 140.282 49.634.092 2.826 47%
East Asia South Korea 114.071 4.643.936 24.563 49%
Europe Turkey 72.826 4.120.213 17.675 50%
South
Argentina 66.630 2.133.094 31.236 49%
America
Southeast
Thailand 65.864 11.378.577 5.788 49%
Asia
Central
America & Mexico 63.578 11.204.405 5.674 48%
Caribbean
Europe Greece 57.038 1.065.737 53.520 49%
Europe Russia 49.827 3.605.142 13.821 52%
South
Venezuela 45.070 3.274.676 13.763 48%
America
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
South
Chile 39.591 1.870.040 21.171 53%
America
Europe Poland 38.085 2.137.939 17.814 52%
Czech
Europe 37.419 1.099.857 34.022 55%
Republic
West Asia Iran 37.038 4.475.981 8.275 50%
South
Colombia 35.667 4.289.790 8.314 63%
America
Southeast
Hong Kong 33.434 791.294 42.252 49%
Asia
South
Ecuador 28.197 1.773.810 15.896 52%
America
West Africa Nigeria 27.648 9.480.996 2.916 52%
Southeast
Indonesia 27.538 41.115.822 670 53%
Asia
Southeast
Vietnam 24.672 9.245.088 2.669 49%
Asia
Southeast
Singapore 23.816 497.975 47.826 49%
Asia
East Asia North Korea 22.310 2.822.944 7.903 49%
Central
America & Cuba 21.969 1.038.225 21.160 49%
Caribbean
Southeast
Malaysia 19.377 2.625.575 7.380 48%
Asia
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
South
Peru 17.516 2.371.293 7.387 57%
America
North Africa Algeria 16.385 1.712.733 9.567 52%
United Arab
Middle East 16.086 257.908 62.371 49%
Emirates
Europe Hungary 15.254 761.241 20.038 48%
Middle East Kuwait 14.061 161.826 86.890 49%
South Africa South Africa 13.428 2.213.146 6.067 47%
West Asia Pakistan 12.073 9.079.836 1.330 47%
Europe Romania 11.784 1.111.909 10.598 50%
Southeast
Philippines 11.707 3.893.667 3.007 49%
Asia
North Africa Sudan 11.355 1.951.120 5.820 49%
Central Asia Kazakhstan 11.138 750.414 14.842 50%
South East
Burma 11.055 4.750.360 2.327 49%
Asia
North Africa Egypt 10.939 6.424.010 1.703 49%
Congo
Central Africa 10.581 3.000.683 3.526 62%
Dem. Rep.
West Asia Bangladesh 10.409 10.627.090 979 50%
Central Africa Angola 9.369 844.992 11.088 66%
Europe Slovenia 8.630 148.288 58.198 52%
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
Southeast
Brunei 8.551 63.127 135.457 49%
Asia
North Africa Libya 8.407 399.443 21.047 49%
South
Bolivia 8.196 1.171.777 6.995 51%
America
West Africa Niger 7.988 676.954 11.800 51%
Middle East Qatar 7.826 59.078 132.469 49%
Middle East Syria 7.807 824.704 9.466 49%
North Africa Morocco 7.539 2.130.833 3.538 50%
Middle East Iraq 7.421 1.900.575 3.905 49%
Central
America & Honduras 7.143 743.726 9.604 54%
Caribbean
Central Asia Uzbekistan 6.880 965.156 7.128 50%
South
Paraguay 6.353 1.139.366 5.576 50%
America
East Africa Kenya 6.298 2.303.635 2.734 50%
West Africa Cote d'Ivoire 5.997 1.141.684 5.253 80%
Europe Croatia 5.958 278.167 21.419 50%
South
Uruguay 5.583 313.023 17.836 50%
America
Central
America & Guatemala 5.564 1.059.789 5.250 37%
Caribbean
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
East Africa Ethiopia 5.434 2.319.072 2.343 52%
Central
America & Jamaica 5.322 478.778 11.116 49%
Caribbean
Bosnia and
Europe 4.989 242.261 20.593 49%
Herzegovina
West Africa Ghana 4.822 1.479.310 3.260 51%
Europe Ukraine 4.799 567.838 8.451 55%
Central
America & Costa Rica 4.327 307.505 14.071 51%
Caribbean
Europe Belarus 4.191 277.535 15.101 53%
West Africa Burkina-Faso 4.136 864.128 4.786 83%
Europe Lithuania 4.111 210.916 19.491 49%
Europe Serbia 4.099 289.814 14.144 56%
Central
America & Haiti 3.853 899.177 4.285 49%
Caribbean
Central
Dominican
America & 3.778 518.412 7.288 49%
Republic
Caribbean
Europe Slovakia 3.533 174.296 20.270 51%
West Asia Sri Lanka 3.532 1.015.354 3.479 50%
South Trinidad &

3.439 104.103 33.035 49%
America Tobago
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
East Africa Madagascar 3.401 893.003 3.808 70%
Europe Bulgaria 3.214 515.991 6.229 52%
Central
America & El Salvador 2.508 635.021 3.949 51%
Caribbean
South Africa Tanzania 2.482 4.256.133 583 51%
Europe Latvia 2.475 120.071 20.613 51%
Central Africa Chad 2.474 71.049 34.821 51%
Southeast
Cambodia 2.462 1.203.568 2.046 49%
Asia
South Africa Zambia 2.449 568.272 4.310 49%
Asia Afghanistan 2.434 1.312.589 1.854 50%
Central
America & Nicaragua 2.410 616.359 3.910 50%
Caribbean
West Africa Senegal 2.305 57.133 40.344 51%
Europe Armenia 2.098 196.388 10.683 61%
Central Africa Congo, Rep 2.056 172.839 11.895 53%
West Africa Benin 2.049 676.775 3.028 55%
East Africa Somalia 2.010 560.509 3.586 49%
Europe Azerbaijan 1.971 367.247 5.367 51%
North Africa Tunisia 1.858 485.188 3.829 49%
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
Australia & Papua New

1.815 619.192 2.931 49%
Oceania Guinea
Central Africa Gabon 1.812 67.215 26.958 49%
East Africa Zimbabwe 1.763 227.725 7.742 48%
Middle East Jordan 1.648 408.537 4.034 46%
Asia Turkmenistan 1.647 188.930 8.718 49%
Middle East Oman 1.459 92.363 15.796 49%
Central
America & Panama 1.435 262.944 5.457 49%
Caribbean
West Africa Mali 1.388 665.193 2.087 74%
Middle East Israel 1.347 257.705 5.227 49%
Middle East Yemen 1.265 1.390.861 910 49%
Asia Nepal 1.204 1.305.839 922 56%
Europe Estonia 1.197 75.637 15.826 44%
Equatorial
Central Africa 1.185 28.807 41.136 48%
Guinea
West Africa Togo 1.157 302.469 3.825 52%
South Africa Botswana 1.146 99.352 11.535 39%
Central
America & Belize 1.141 36.700 31.090 49%
Caribbean
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
Central
America & Bahamas 1.117 27.810 40.165 49%
Caribbean
South Africa Malawi 1.085 1.353.253 802 49%
West Africa Mauritania 1.072 148.834 7.203 52%
Middle East Lebanon 1.015 168.883 6.010 49%
Europe Albania 1.007 134.830 7.469 51%
Europe Montenegro 938 36.116 25.972 53%
West Africa Guinea 913 629.779 1.450 50%
Europe Georgia 876 133.802 6.547 49%
Europe Macedonia 819 87.672 9.342 56%
East Africa Uganda 752 1.194.387 630 48%
Southeast
Laos 730 522.317 1.398 16%
Asia
Central
Central Africa African 708 127.226 5.565 48%
Republic
South Africa Namibia 666 100.823 6.606 46%
East Africa Eritrea 643 230.452 2.790 45%
Central Africa Burundi 613 374.485 1.637 50%
West Africa Liberia 600 172.839 3.471 49%
Europe Moldova 580 64.700 8.964 54%
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
South
Suriname 563 46.349 12.147 49%
America
Central Africa Cameroon 536 778.731 688 68%
Central
America & Barbados 535 20.002 26.747 49%
Caribbean
East Africa Mauritius 533 131.478 4.054 49%
Australia &
Fiji 471 77.399 6.085 48%
Oceania
South
Guyana 425 74.257 5.723 49%
America
West Africa Sierra Leone 386 259.259 1.489 51%
South Africa Lesotho 363 96.022 3.780 48%
Central Africa Rwanda 323 230.774 1.400 50%
Kyrgyz
Asia 286 167.331 1.709 50%
Republic
Asia Mongolia 277 251.547 1.101 51%
South Africa Swaziland 265 57.613 4.600 48%
Asia Tajikistan 259 298.047 869 52%
Central
America & Saint Lucia 258 18.540 13.916 49%
Caribbean
East Africa Djibouti 253 51.541 4.909 49%
South Africa Mozambique 246 536.212 459 48%
Credit Unserved +
Credit
Gap, $D
SME % of SMEs
Southeast
Timor-Leste 133 93.749 1.419 49%
Asia
Australia & Solomon

130 48.374 2.687 49%
Oceania Islands
East Africa Comoros 129 28.807 4.478 48%
Central
America & Grenada 127 9.270 13.700 49%
Caribbean
Australia &
Samoa 114 16.865 6.760 49%
Oceania
West Africa Guinea-Bissau 112 72.016 1.555 14%
Central Saint Vincent

America & and the 107 927 115.426 49%
Caribbean Grenadines
West Africa Cape Verde 96 24.005 3.999 52%
Asia Bhutan 93 34.936 2.662 50%
Asia Maldives 92 14.972 6.145 50%
West Africa Gambia 92 76.817 1.198 50%
Sao Tome
West Africa 47 9.602 4.895 48%
and Principe
Australia &
Tonga 43 9.675 4.444 51%
Oceania
Australia &
Micronesia 32 9.675 3.307 50%
Oceania
Source: https://www.smefinanceforum.org/data-sites/ifc-enterprise-finance-gap

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DEBITUM

The minimum viable product is available at https://demo.debitum.network

The goal of this document is to demonstrate that our undertaking is worthy as

Global credit gap 8

Alternative finance industry 10

Globalization of available capital 12

Necessity to decentralize using blockchain 13

Solution - Debitum Network 15

Three main pillars of the ecosystem 16

HYBRID connecting crypto and fiat 20

Business cycle of the financing process 24

Debitum token (DEB) 53

Country selection analysis 58

Potential business challenges 65

Debitum Network Solution Summary 67

About the team 73

APPENDIX A - credit gap by country 79

“I will recommend your place to our administrative director.”

Soon enough, Susan is looking at a copy of the massive

Perhaps she could use some traditional extended overdraft,

He shared an idea with Susan: large businesses spend a lot of

SMEs growth globally is capped by inflexible local financing, creating $2 trillion

South America 495 686 34 640 661 21 392,93 51,12%

Middle East 297 327 7 365 431 41 444,13 42,73%

Southeast Asia 218 284 71 430 759 22 719,15 46,27%

Europe 210 120 9 400 815 20 403,62 51,50%

Central America 124 145 17 828 851 12 540,08 48,77%

West Africa 60 808 16 737 793 6 032,83 53,82%

North Africa 56 483 13 103 327 7 583,91 49,67%

Central Africa 29 657 5 696 801 13 871,42 54,50%

South Africa 22 130 9 280 826 4 304,56 47,22%

East Africa 21 216 7 940 609 3 707,39 50,80%

Australia & Oceania 2 605 781 180 4 369,25 49,33%

Alternative ﬁnance industry

Globalization of available capital

There is a lot of capital available to be invested in various finance instruments or lent

Partly the geographical mismatch is being solved by many alternative finance

Necessity to decentralize using blockchain

a transparent to deal with to gain distribution

Blockchain by design allows to ensure ultimate transparency and trust, allows to

To consider comparatively complex lender-borrower relations, let’s take a step back

Three main pillars of the ecosystem

Communities are decentralized and truly global, consisting of various service

Borrowers and investors should be excited to have communities within Debitum

Anyone (single or several companies, single or more individuals) who wants to

As an alternative Debitum Network provides an implementation of Community

If community will choose to construct their own implementation of Community trust

All audited trusted communities will be listed on Debitum Network. If service

HYBRID connecting crypto and fiat

Importantly, as crypto is not recognized as a traditional currency in most countries

Hybrid approach allows us to combine current state of business practices and

Market making within Hybrid platform

As Debitum Network operates on the three-sided market. The problem of reaching

Lastly, we need to ensure compatibility and interoperability with other existing

By combining fiat operations and highly trustable and efficient blockchain

Communities to see how their individual members behave, allowing to make

A middleman in a form of traditional financial institutions or centralized

Opening and decentralizing individual stages of traditionally locked financing

On- Pre First time borrowers are Borrower Crypto