SM CH07
SM CH07
SM CH07
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5 kN A A
4 ftm
1.2 1m
0.300(9.81)(3)
D
= 8.8 kN
3 kN 3 kN (a) (b)
0.400(9.81)(1.2)
= 4.7 kN
150 mm
0.26 ftm
350 N · m 500 N · m
500 N · m
4351
80 N 45�
Equations of Equilibrium:
+
Q©Fx¿ = 0; NA - 80 cos 15° = 0
NA = 77.3 N Ans.
VA = 20.7 N Ans.
MA = - 0.555 N # m Ans.
or
MA = - 0.555 N # m Ans.
Negative sign indicates that MA acts in the opposite direction to that shown on FBD.
2436
••7–5.
1–5. Determine the resultant internal loadings in the 315kip
kN
beam at cross sections through points D and E. Point E is
1.5 kip/ ft
25 kN/m
just to the right of the 3-kip
15-kNload.
load.
A
D B E C
62 ft
m 26m
ft 4 ftm
1.5 4 ftm
1.5
a + ©MB = 0; 50(4/3)
9.00(4) –-AA
y(4) = 0= 0
y(12) Ayy ==16.67 kN
3.00 kip
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Bx = 0
+ c ©Fy = 0; By ++ 16.67
3.00 –- 50 = 0= 0
9.00 Byy == 33.33
6.00 kip
kN
: ©Fx = 0;
+
ND = 0 Ans.
VDD == 4.17
V kN
0.750 kip Ans.
MD == 25.17 kN #· ftm
13.5 kip Ans.
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NE = 0 Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; –33.33
- 6.00 -– 15
3 -– V
VEE=
= 00
VEE == –48.33
- 9.00 kN
kip Ans.
a + ©ME = 0; ME ++33.33(1.5)
M 6.00(4) ==00
ME = –50.00 kN #· ft
- 24.0 kip m Ans.
Negative signs indicate that ME and VE act in the opposite direction to that shown
on FBD.
1
2 (25)(4) = 50 kN 15 kN 1 33.33 kN 15 kN
2 (12.5)(2) = 12.5 kN
1.5 m
2m 2m 4 2
8 4 3 m 3 m
3 m 3 m
16.67 kN
4373
1–6.
7–6. Determine the normal force, shear force, and moment B
at a section through point C. Take P = 8 kN .
0.1 m
Support Reactions: 0.5 m
C A
a + ©MA = 0; 8(2.25) - T(0.6) = 0 T = 30.0 kN
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 0.75 m 0.75 m 0.75 m
30.0 - A x = 0 A x = 30.0 kN
P
+ c ©Fy = 0; Ay - 8 = 0 A y = 8.00 kN
: ©Fx = 0;
+
- NC - 30.0 = 0
NC = - 30.0 kN Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC + 8.00 = 0
VC = - 8.00 kN Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; 8.00(0.75) - MC = 0
MC = 6.00 kN # m Ans.
Negative signs indicate that NC and VC act in the opposite direction to that shown
on FBD.
1–7.
7–7. The cable will fail when subjected to a tension of 2 kN. B
Determine the largest vertical load P the frame will support
and calculate the internal normal force, shear force, and
moment at the cross section through point C for this loading. 0.1 m
0.5 m
C A
Support Reactions:
0.75 m 0.75 m 0.75 m
a + ©MA = 0; P(2.25) - 2(0.6) = 0
P
P = 0.5333 kN = 0.533 kN Ans.
: ©Fx = 0;
+
2 - Ax = 0 A x = 2.00 kN
: ©Fx = 0;
+
- NC - 2.00 = 0
NC = - 2.00 kN Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC + 0.5333 = 0
VC = - 0.533 kN Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; 0.5333(0.75) - MC = 0
MC = 0.400 kN # m Ans.
Negative signs indicate that NC and VC act in the opposite direction to that shown
on FBD.
4438
*1–8.
*7–8. Determine the resultant internal loadings on the 6 kN
cross section through point C. Assume the reactions at 3 kN/m
the supports A and B are vertical.
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NC = 0 Ans.
••7–9.
1–9. Determine the resultant internal loadings on the 6 kN
cross section through point D. Assume the reactions at 3 kN/m
the supports A and B are vertical.
: ©Fx = 0;
+
ND = 0 Ans.
1
+ c ©Fy = 0; VD - (1.5)(1.5) + 3.00 = 0 VD = - 1.875 kN Ans.
2
(1.5)(1.5)(0.5) - MD = 0 MD = 3.9375 kN # m
1
a + ©MD = 0; 3.00(1.5) -
2
= 3.94 kN # m Ans.
4395
1–10.
7–10. The boom DF of the jib crane and the column DE D B A F
have aauniform
uniformweight
wieghtofof
50750
lb/ft.N/m.
If theIfhoist
the and
hoistload
andweigh
load
weigh
300 lb, 1500 N, determine
determine the resultant
the resultant internal in
internal loadings loadings in
the crane 2 ft 2.4
8 ftm 0.9
3 ftm
thecross
on cranesections
on crossthrough
sectionspoints
throughA, B,points
and C.A, B, and C. 1.5
5 ftm 0.6 m
C
1500 N
300 lb
2.1
7 ftm
; © Fx = 0;
+
NA = 0 Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; VA –-0.675
150 - 300 == 00
– 1.500
0.45 m 0.45 m
VA == 2.175
450 lbkN Ans. 1.500 kN
a + ©MA = 0; –M
- MAA –-0.675(0.45)
150(1.5) -– 300(3)
1.500(0.9)
= 0= 0
Negative sign indicates that MA acts in the opposite direction to that shown on FBD.
1.65 m 1.65 m
Equations of Equilibrium: For point B
1.500 kN
; © Fx = 0;
+
NB = 0 Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; VBB –- 2.475
550 -– 1.5
300==0 0
0.750(3.9) = 2.925 kN
VBB = 3.98
850 kN
lb Ans.
a + © MB = 0; - MBB–-2.475(1.65)
–M 550(5.5) -– 300(11)
1.500(3.3)
= =0 0 0.750(1.5) = 1.125 kN
MBB = –9.034
M lb # ·ftm= - 6.325 kip # ft
- 6325kN Ans. 1.95 m 1.95 m
1.500 kN
Negative sign indicates that MB acts in the opposite direction to that shown on FBD.
; © Fx = 0;
+
VC = 0 Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; - NCC –-1.125
–N 250 –- 2.925
650 -– 1.500
300 ==00
NCC == –5.55
- 1200
kNlb = - 1.20 kip Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; –M
- MCC –-2.925(1.95)
650(6.5) -– 300(13)
1.500(3.9)
= =0 0
MC –=11.554 lb ·# ft
- 8125kN m = - 8.125 kip # ft Ans.
Negative signs indicate that NC and MC act in the opposite direction to that shown
on FBD.
6440
1.11.
1–11.
7–11. The force FF== 400
The force 80 lbN acts
acts on
on the
the gear
gear tooth. a
� 400
FF N
80 lb
Determine the resultant internal loadings on the root of the
tooth, i.e., at the centroid point A of section a–a. 30
30�
Equations of Equilibrium: For section a–a
+
Q©Fx¿ = 0; VA –-400
80 cos 15° = 0
5.75
0.23mm
in.
VA = 386.37
77.3 lb N Ans.
A
a+ ©Fy¿ = 0; NA –-400
80 sin 15° = 0 4 mm
0.16 in.
103.53
NA = 20.7 lb N Ans.
a + ©MA = 0; -
–MMAA –-400
80 sin 15°(0.16) ++ 400
sin 15°(0.004) 80 cos
cos15°(0.23) = 0= 0
15°(0.00575)
45
45�
1.808lbN# in.
MA = 14.5 ·m Ans. a
400 N
0.00575 m
0.004 m
*1–12.
*7–12. The sky hook is used to support the cable of a 0.2 m 0.2 m
scaffold over the side of a building. If it consists of a smooth
B
rod that contacts the parapet of a wall at points A, B, and C,
determine the normal force, shear force, and moment on 0.2 m 0.2 m
the cross section at points D and E.
D E
Support Reactions:
0.3 m 0.2 m
+ c ©Fy = 0; NB - 18 = 0 NB = 18.0 kN
A C
d+ ©MC = 0; 18(0.7) - 18.0(0.2) - NA(0.1) = 0
NA = 90.0 kN 0.3 m
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NC - 90.0 = 0 NC = 90.0 kN
Equations of Equilibrium: For point D 18 kN
: © Fx = 0;
+
VD - 90.0 = 0
VD = 90.0 kN Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; ND - 18 = 0
ND = 18.0 kN Ans.
d+ © MD = 0; MD + 18(0.3) - 90.0(0.3) = 0
MD = 21.6 kN # m Ans.
Equations of Equilibrium: For point E
: © Fx = 0;
+
90.0 - VE = 0
VE = 90.0 kN Ans.
+ c © Fy = 0; NE = 0 Ans.
d + © ME = 0; 90.0(0.2) - ME = 0
ME = 18.0 kN # m Ans.
4417
•7–13.
•1–13. The 800-lb
4-kN loadloadisisbeing
beinghoisted
hoisted atat aa constant speed M
M
using the
the motor
motorM, M,which
whichhas hasa weight
a weight ofof
0.45
90kN.lb. Determine
the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section 1.5
0.45ft m
through point B in the beam. The beam has a weight of A
A
0.6
40 lb >ft and
kN/m and
is is fixedtotothe
fixed thewall
wallatatA.A. D
D C
C B
B
4 ftm
1.2 4 ftm
1.2 3 ftm
0.9 3 ftm
0.9 4 ftm
1.2
: ©Fx = 0;
+ –NN ( 42 )0.4
- BB– - = 0= 0
0.25 ftm
0.075
N = –2-kN
NBB = 0.4 kip Ans.
V = 4.72
VBB = 0.960kN
kip Ans.
a + ©MB = 0; BB– -
–MM
- 0.6(1.2)(0.6) – 4(1.275)++ 0.4(1.5)
0.16(2) - 0.8(4.25) 2(0.45) ==00
MBB =
M = 4.632
- 3.12kN # ft
kip· m Ans.
0.45 m
4 kN
0.675 m
0.6 m 4 kN
For point C:
0.075
0.25 ftm
; ©Fx = 0;
+ 4
NCC ++ (0.4
2 ) ==0;0; NC == –2-kN
N 0.4kip Ans.
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC =- –0.8
V 4 –-0.6(2.1)
0.04 (7) = 0;
= 0; VCC == 5.26
V 1.08kN
kip Ans.
a + ©MC = 0; - CC– -
–MM 4(2.175) – 0.6(2.1)(1.05)
0.8(7.25) + 2(0.45)
- 0.04(7)(3.5) =0 = 0
+ 0.4(1.5)
MC ==–9.123
M kip·# m
- 6.18 kN ft Ans.
For point D:
; ©Fx = 0;
+
ND = 0 Ans. 2 kN
0.45 m
a + ©MD = 0; –M
-D - 0.09(4)
M–D0.45(1.2) - 0.04(14)(7)– 4(4.275)
– 0.6(4.2)(2.1) - 0.8(14.25)
=0 = 0 1.05 m 1.125 m
MD = - 15.7kN
M=D –22.932 # ft
kip· m Ans.
4 kN
0.45 kN
1.2 m
0.6(4.2) = 2.52 kN
4 kN
2.1 m 2.175 m
8442
1–15.
7–15. Determine the resultant internal loading on the 20 N
cross section through point C of the pliers. There is a pin at 120 mm 40 mm
A, and the jaws at B are smooth. 15 mm
C
+ c ©Fy = 0; - VC + 60 = 0; VC = 60 N Ans.
B
: ©Fx = 0;
+ A
NC = 0 Ans.
D
+d ©MC = 0; - MC + 60(0.015) = 0; MC = 0.9 N.m Ans.
80 mm
30�
20 N
*1–16.
*7–16. Determine the resultant internal loading on the 20 N
cross section through point D of the pliers. 120 mm 40 mm
15 mm
R+ ©Fy = 0; VD - 20 cos 30° = 0; VD = 17.3 N Ans. C
80 mm
30�
20 N
4439
1–17.
••7–17. Determine resultant internal loadings acting on
section a–a and section b–b. Each section passes through 5 kN
B
the centerline at point C.
b
Referring to the FBD of the entire beam, Fig. a, a
1.5 m
a + ©MA = 0; NB sin 45°(6) - 5(4.5) = 0 NB = 5.303 kN C
1.5 m
Referring to the FBD of this segment (section a–a), Fig. b, 45�
b a
+ b©Fx¿ = 0; Na - a + 5.303 cos 45° = 0 Na - a = - 3.75 kN Ans. 45�
A 3m
+a ©Fy¿ = 0; Va - a + 5.303 sin 45° - 5 = 0 Va - a = 1.25 kN Ans.
; ©Fx = 0;
+
Nb - b - 5 cos 45° + 5.303 = 0 Nb - b = - 1.768 kN
= - 1.77 kN Ans.
Mb - b = 3.75 kN # m Ans.
10
444
1–18.
7–18. The bolt shank is subjected to a tension of 400
80 lb.
N
Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the
cross section at point C. C
6 in.
150 mm
90�
A B
Segment AC:
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NC ++ 400
N 80 = 0;
0; NCC == –400
- 80 N
lb Ans.
150 mm
+ c ©Fy = 0; VC = 0 Ans.
400 N
a + ©MC = 0; MC ++ 400(0.150)(6)
80(6) = 0; = M = –60lbN# in.
=C -480
0 C M ·m Ans.
1–19.
7–19. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on 100 kN/m
6 kip/ft 100 kN/m
6 kip/ft
the cross section through point C. Assume the reactions at
the supports A and B are vertical.
A C B
D
13 m
ft 13 m
ft 26 m
ft
: ©Fx = 0;
+
NC = 0 Ans.
11
+ c ©Fy = 0; 18.0–- (50)(1)
100 (3)(3)– -(50)(1)
(3)(3)– -VCVC= 0
= 0VC =V25
C kN
= 4.50 kip Ans.
22
11 2
a + ©MC = 0; (3)(3)(1.5) + (50)(1)a
MC ++ (50)(1)(0.5) (3)(3)(2)b-– 100(1)
18.0(3)==0 0
22 3
MC == 58.33 kN #· ft
31.5 kip m Ans.
2
1 1 m
2 (100)(2) kN 2 (100)(2) kN 3
1 50 (1) kN
2 (50)(1) kN
0.5 m
50 kN/m
2 8 2
3 m 3 m 3 m 1m
Ay = 100 kN
11
445
*1–20.
*7–20. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting 6 kip/ft
100 kN/m 6 kip/ft
100 kN/m
on the cross section through point D. Assume the reactions
at the supports A and B are vertical.
1
2 (100)(2) kN
1 1
2 (100)(2) kN 2 (100)(2) kN
2
3 m
Ay = 100 kN
2 8 2
3 m 3 m 3 m
Internal Loadings: Referring to the free-body diagram of the section of the clamp
shown in Fig. a, a
F � 900 N
©Fy¿ = 0; 900 cos 30° - Na - a = 0 Na - a = 779 N Ans.
A
©Fx¿ = 0; Va - a - 900 sin 30° = 0 Va - a = 450 N Ans. 30�
12
446
1–31.
7–21. The column is subjected to an axial force of 8 kN, 8 kN
which is applied through the centroid of the cross-sectional
area. Determine the average normal stress acting at section 75 mm
a–a. Show this distribution of stress acting over the area’s 10 mm 75 mm
10 mm
cross section.
10 mm 70 mm
70 mm
a
a
A = (2)(150)(10) + (140)(10)
P 8 (103)
s = = = 1.82 MPa Ans.
A 4.4 (10 - 3)
250 mm 250 mm
20 N 20 N
V 833.33
tavg = = p 6 = 29.5 MPa Ans.
A 2
4 (1000 )
21
447
Equations of Equilibrium:
A
Average Normal Stress and Shear Stress: Area at u plane, A¿ = .
sin u
N P sin u P
s = = A
= sin2 u Ans.
A¿ sin u
A
V P cos u
tavg = = A
A¿ sin u
P P
= sin u cos u = sin 2u Ans.
A 2A
At D:
P 4(103)
sD = = 2
= 13.3 MPa (C) Ans.
A p
4 (0.028 - 0.02 2)
At E:
P 8(103)
sE = = = 70.7 MPa (T) Ans.
A p
4 (0.012 2)
22
448
7–25.
1–35. The bars of the truss each have a cross-sectional B C
area of 780
1.25mmin2.2.Determine
Determine the
the average
average normal
normal stress in
each member due to the loading P == 40 kN. State whether
8 kip.
the stress is tensile or compressive. 3 ftm
0.9
A E D
4 ftm
1.2 4 ft
1.2 m
0.75 P
P
FAE 3
10.67
53.333(10 )
sAE = = = 8.53= ksi
68.376 MPa
(C) (C) Ans.
A AE 1.25780 FEB =30 kN
FED = 53.333 kN
Joint E:
FED 3
10.67
53.333(10 ) 30 kN
sED = = = 8.53= ksi (C)
68.376 MPa (C) Ans.
A ED 1.25780
FEB 30(103)
6.0
sEB = = = 4.80 ksi MPa
= 38.462 (T) (T) Ans. FBC =146.67 kN
A EB 1.25
780
66.67 kN FBD =176.67 kN
30 kN
Joint B:
FBC 146.67(103)
29.33
sBC = = = 23.5= ksi
188.034 (T)
MPa (T) Ans.
A BC 1.25780
FBD 3
23.33
116.67(10 )
sBD = = = 18.7= ksi
149.573 MPa
(C) (C) Ans.
A BD 1.25780
23
449
A E D
1.2
4 ftm 1.2 m
4 ft
0.75 P
P
Joint A:
3
+ c ©Fy = 0; - P + a b FAB = 0
5
FAB = (1.667)P
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 4
- FAE + (1.667)Pa b = 0
5
FEB =30 kN
FAE = (1.333)P
53.333 kN FED = 53.333 kN
Joint E:
30 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; FEB - (0.75)P = 0
FEB = (0.75)P
: ©Fx = 0;
FBC =146.67 kN
+
(1.333)P - FED = 0
66.67 kN FBD =116.67 kN
30 kN
FED = (1.333)P
Joint B:
3 3
+ c ©Fy = 0; a b FBD - (0.75)P - (1.667)Pa b = 0
5 5
FBD = (2.9167)P
(2.917)P
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 4 4
- –(2.9167)Pa
FBC
FBC (2.917) b - (1.667)P a b = 0
5 5
FBC = (3.67)P
(3.667)P
24
450
The resultant force dF of the bearing pressure acting on the plate of area dA = b dx
= 0.5 dx, Fig. a,
1 1
dF = sb dA = (15x2)(106)(0.5dx) = 7.5(106)x2 dx
L
+ c ©Fy = 0; dF - P = 0
4m
L0
1
7.5(106)x2 dx - P = 0
P = 40(106) N = 40 MN Ans.
Equilibrium requires
L
a + ©MO = 0; xdF - Pd = 0
4m
L0
1
x[7.5(106)x2 dx] - 40(106) d = 0
d = 2.40 m Ans.
25
451
N –-2 400
N sin 30° = 0; = 0;
sin 30° N ==1200
kN lb
2400
coscos – V-=V0; = 0;
30°30° V ==1.732 kNlb
346.41
1.5(1)
37.5(25)
A9 5
A¿ = in2 mm2
=531875
sin
sin30°
30°
2 kN
N 200 3)
1(10
=
s =
5 = =66.7 psi kPa
533.33 Ans. 2 kN
A¿ 3
1875
V 1.732(103)
346.41
t = =
5 = 923.76
= 115 psi kPa Ans.
A¿ 31875
P 600(103)
savg = = = 5(106) Pa = 5 MPa Ans.
A 0.12
The average normal stress distribution over the cross-section of the block and the
state of stress of a point in the block represented by a differential volume element
are shown in Fig. a
26
452
7–30.
*1–40. The pins on the frame at B and C each have a 13 m
ft 13 m
ft
6 mm.
diameter of 0.25 in. IfIf these
these pins
pins are
are subjected to double 500kN
2.5 lb
A
shear, determine the average shear stress in each pin.
13 m
ft
Support Reactions: FBD(a)
Dyy == 3.25
650 kN
lb
1.5 m
0.5 ft 1.5 m
0.5 ft
13 m
ft
; ©Fx = 0;
+
500–-ExE=x 0
2.5 = 0 Ex == 2.5
500kN
lb
300kN
1.5 lb
E
+ c ©Fy = 0; 3.25 -
650 300– -
– 1.5 = 0
EyE=y 0 Eyy == 1.75
350 kN
lb D
a + ©MB = 0; (3)–-1.5(0.5)
Cy(1) = 0 = 0
300(1.5) Cyy == 0.75
150 kN
lb
2.5 kN
Bx ==2.875 kN
575 lb
1m 1m
From FBD (c),
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Cx –-2.875
575 = 0
0 Cx == 2.875
575 lbkN
87522 ++ 0150
Hence, FB = FC == 22.575 .7522 == 2.971
594.24kN
lb
2.5 kN
Average shear stress: Pins B and C are subjected to double shear as shown on FBD (d)
V 297.12 3)
1.4855(10 1m
(tB)avg = (tC)avg = = p p 2
4 (0.25
A 4 (6 )
0.5 m 0.5 m
= 6053
5 52.5 psi2 = 6.05 ksi
N/mm Ans. 1m 1.5 kN
0.5 m 0.5 m
3.25 kN
V = 1.4855 kN
FB = FC = 2.971 kN
27
453
13 m
ft
B C
; ©Fx = 0;
+
500–-ExE=x 0
2.5 = 0 Exx ==2.5
500kN
lb
+ c ©Fy = 0; 3.25
650 -– 1.5
300– -
EyE=y 0
= 0 Ey == 1.75
350 kN
lb 2.5 kN
a + ©MB = 0; y(1)
CC – 1.5(0.5)
y (3) = 0 = 0 CyC=y 0.75
- 300(1.5) kNlb
= 150
1.5 kN 1m
+ c ©Fy = 0; By ++ 0.75
150 –-1.5 = 0
300 = 0 Byy == 0.75
150 kN
lb
BBx x==2.875
575 kN
lb
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Cx –-2.875
575 = 0
0 = 575kN
CxC=x 2.875 lb
1m
22 22
Hence, FB = FC = 0.75 == 2.971
.875 ++ 150
= 22575 594.24kN
lb
0.5 m 0.5 m
Average shear stress: Pins B and C are subjected to single shear as shown on FBD (d) 1m 1.5 kN
V 594.24 3)
2.971(10
(tB)avg = (tC)avg = = p p 22
4 (0.25
A 4 (6 ) 0.5 m 0.5 m
2
5 105.1 N/mm
= 12106 psi = 12.1 ksi Ans. 3.25 kN
V = 2.971 kN
FB = FC = 2.971 kN
28
454
31 ft
m
B C
1.5 m
0.5 ft 1.5 m
0.5 ft
31 ft
m
Support Reactions: FBD(a)
300kN
1.5 lb
a + ©ME = 0; 500(6)++1.5(1)
2.5(2) – D-y(2)
300(3) =0= 0
Dy(6) E
D
Dyy = 3.25
D kN
650 lb
; ©Fx = 0;
+
2.5 –-EE
500 x= = 0
x 0 Exx == 2.5
500kN
lb
2.5 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; 3.25 -– 1.5
650 300– -EyE=y 0
= 0 350 kN
Eyy = 1.75
E lb
1m
Average shear stress: Pins D and E are subjected to double shear as shown on FBD
(b) and (c).
FF 1.5 kN 1m
DD
For Pin D, FD = Dyy == 3.25 lb then
650 kN DD==
thenVV z ==325 lb kN
1.625
2
VD 325 3)
1.625(10
(pD)avg = = p p 22 1m 1m
4 (0.25)
AD 4 (6 )
2
=
5 57.47 = 6.62
N/mm
6621 psi ksi Ans.
F Fg VD = 1.625 kN
.52 2++1.75
For Pin E, FE = 2 2500 35022
==3.05 kN lb
610.32 then VEV=E =g z= =
then 1.525 kN lb
305.16
2
VE 305.16 3)
1.525(10
(tE)avg = = p p 22
4 (0.25
4 (6 ))
AE
FD = 3.25 kN
=5 6217 psi = 26.22 ksi
53.9 N/mm Ans.
FE = 3.05 kN
VE = 1.525 kN
29
455
; ©Fx = 0;
+ 1.5 m
0.5 ft 1.5 m
0.5 ft
2.5 –-EE
500 x= = 0
x 0 EEx x= =2.5500
kNlb 31 ft
m
VD 650 3)
3.25(10 1m
(tD)avg = = p p 22
4 (0.25
4 (6 ))
AD
2
= 114.9.1
5 N/mm
13242 psi = 13.2 ksi Ans. 1.5 kN 1m
= 107.9
5 psi =2 12.4 ksi
12433N/mm Ans. VD = 3.25 kN FE = 3.05 kN
FD = 3.25 kN VE = 3.05 kN
7–34.
*1–44. AA85-kg
175-lbwoman
womanstands
standson
on aa vinyl
vinyl floor
floor wearing
stiletto high-heel shoes. If the heel has the dimensions
shown, determine the average normal stress she exerts on
the floor and compare it with the average normal stress
developed when a man having the same weight is wearing
flat-heeled shoes. Assume the load is applied slowly, so that
dynamic effects can be ignored. Also, assume the entire
weight is supported only by the heel of one shoe.
Stiletto shoes:
1.2mm
30 in. 0.3mm
7.5 in.
11 2 2 0.1
2.5 in.
mm
A5
A (p)(0.3)2 ++ 15(2.5)
= (p)(7.5) (0.6)(0.1) = 0.2014
5 125.86 mmin
22
0.5 mm
12.5 in.
P 85(9.81)N
175 lb 2
s5
s = 5
= 6.625
= 5869 psi mm Ans.
A 125.86 in2 2
0.2014 mm
Flat-heeled shoes:
Flat-heeled shoes:
1
A 5 1 (p)(30)2 + 60(12.5) 5 2163.7 mm2
A = 2 (p)(1.2)2 + 2.4(0.5) = 3.462 in2
2
P 85(9.81)N
s 5 P 5 175 lb 2 5 0.385 mm2
s = A = 2163.7 mm = 50.5 psi Ans.
A 3.462 in2
30
456
1–45.
••7–35. The truss is made from three pin-connected 500 lb
2.5 kN
members having the cross-sectional areas shown in the 3 ftm
0.9
figure. Determine the average normal stress developed in C
B
each member when the truss is subjected to the load shown. AABC
BC�500 in.2 2
0.8 mm
State whether the stress is tensile or compressive.
mmin.22
m2
� 0.6
.2
Joint B:
400
m
00in
10.5
FAB 625
AAC
3 4 ftm
1.2
3.125(10 )
sAB = = = 417 5 N/mm2
psi3.125(C) (C) Ans.
�
AAC
A AB 1.51000
AB
A
FBC 375
1.875(103)
sBC = = = 469 5 N/mm2
psi3.516(T) (T) Ans.
A BC 0.8 500
Joint A:
A
œ
FAC 500 3)
2.5(10
sAC = = = 833
5 6.25 (T) 2
psi N/mm (T) Ans.
A AC 0.6400
2.5 kN
FBC = 1.875 kN
FAB = 3.125 kN
FAC = 2.5 kN
3.125 kN
*7–36.
1–46. Determine the average normal stress developed in
links AB and CD of the smooth two-tine grapple that
A C
supports the log having a mass of 3 Mg. The cross-sectional 20�
area of each link is 400 mm2.
B E D
a + ©ME = 0; P cos 20°(0.2) - (29.43 cos 30°)(1.2) + (29.43 sin 30°)(0.4 cos 30°) 1.2 m
= 0
31
457
a + ©ME = 0; P cos 20°(0.2) - (29.43 cos 30°)(1.2) + (29.43 sin 30°)(0.4 cos 30°) 1.2 m
= 0
7–38.
*1–48. The beam is supported by a pin at A and a short
link BC. If P = 15 kN, determine the average shear stress
developed in the pins at A, B, and C. All pins are in double P 4P 4P 2P
shear as shown, and each has a diameter of 18 mm. 0.5m 0.5 m
1m 1.5 m 1.5 m
C
30�
B
A
For pin A:
V 82.5 (103)
tA = = p 18 2 = 324 MPa Ans.
A 4 (1000 )
32
458
TCB = 11P
: ©Fx = 0;
+
A x - 11P cos 30° = 0
A x = 9.5263P
A y = 5.5P
Require;
V 11P>2
t = ; 80(106) = p 2
4 (0.018)
A
P = 3.70 kN Ans.
33
459
*7–40.
1–50. The block is subjected to a compressive force of 50 mm
2 kN. Determine the average normal and average shear
stress developed in the wood fibers that are oriented along a
section a–a at 30° with the axis of the block.
150 mm 2 kN
2 kN
30�
a
Force equilibrium equations written perpendicular and parallel to section a–a gives
0.15
The cross sectional area of section a–a is A = a b(0.05) = 0.015 m2. Thus
sin 30°
Na - a 1.00(103)
(sa - a)avg = = = 66.67(103)Pa = 66.7 kPa Ans.
A 0.015
Va - a 1.732(103)
(ta - a)avg = = = 115.47(103)Pa = 115 kPa Ans.
A 0.015
34
460
4 in.
100 mm a
50 2mm
in.
125in.mm
Internal Loading: The normal force developed on the cross section of the middle
portion of the specimen can be obtained by considering the free-body diagram
shown in Fig. a.
P P 100 4mm
in.
+ c ©Fy = 0; + - N = 0 N = P
2 2
Referring to the free-body diagram shown in fig. b, the shear force developed in the
shear plane a–a is
P
P P
+ c ©Fy = 0; - Va - a = 0 Va - a =
2 2
Average Normal Stress and Shear Stress: The cross-sectional area of the specimen is
2
A == 25(50) in2. We
1(2) ==21250 mmhave
. We have
N P P
savg = ; = 3) =
2(10
15
A 1250 2
P 4(103N
P ==18750 )lb= =18.75
4 kip
kN Ans.
4(103)
P 18.75 3
Using the result of P, Va - a = =
5 5=9.375
2(10kN.
) lbThe
. Thearea
areaofofthe
theshear
shearplane
planeisis
2 22
2 2
a - a==50(100)
Aa–a 2(4) = =85000
in . We
mmobtain
. We obtain
Va - a 2(103) 3)
9.375(10
A ta - a B avg = = = 250 psi N/mm2
5 1.875 Ans.
Aa - a 85000
35
461
P
100 mm
100 mm
Internal Loadings: The shear force developed on each shear plane of the bolt and
the member can be determined by writing the force equation of equilibrium along
the member’s axis with reference to the free-body diagrams shown in Figs. a. and b,
respectively.
Average Shear Stress: The areas of each shear plane of the bolt and the member
p
are A b = (0.0062) = 28.274(10 - 6)m2 and A p = 0.1(0.1) = 0.01 m2, respectively.
4
We obtain
Vb 2.25(103)
A tavg B b = = = 79.6 MPa Ans.
Ab 28.274(10 - 6)
Vp 2.25(103)
A tavg B p = = = 225 kPa Ans.
Ap 0.01
36
462
1–53.
••7–43. The average shear stress in each of the 6-mm diameter
bolts and along each of the four shaded shear planes is not P
allowed to exceed 80 MPa and 500 kPa, respectively.
Determine the maximum axial force P that can be applied
to the joint.
P
100 mm
100 mm
Internal Loadings: The shear force developed on each shear plane of the bolt and
the member can be determined by writing the force equation of equilibrium along
the member’s axis with reference to the free-body diagrams shown in Figs. a. and b,
respectively.
Average Shear Stress: The areas of each shear plane of the bolts and the members
p
are A b = (0.0062) = 28.274(10 - 6)m2 and A p = 0.1(0.1) = 0.01m2, respectively.
4
We obtain
Vb P>4
A tallow B b = ; 80(106) =
Ab 28.274(10 - 6)
Vp P>4
A tallow B p = ; 500(103) =
Ap 0.01
P = 20 000 N = 20 kN
37
463
1–54.
*7–44. The shaft is subjected to the axial force of 40 kN. 40 kN
Determine the average bearing stress acting on the collar C
and the normal stress in the shaft.
30 mm
40 mm
+ c ©Fy = 0; Ns - 40 = 0 Ns = 40 kN
+ c ©Fy = 0; Nb - 40 = 0 Nb = 40 kN
Here, the cross-sectional area of the shaft and the bearing area of the collar are
p p
A s = (0.032) = 0.225(10 - 3)p m2 and A b = (0.04 2) = 0.4(10 - 3)p m2. Thus,
4 4
Ns 40(103)
A savg B s = = = 56.59(106) Pa = 56.6 MPa Ans.
As 0.225(10 - 3)p
Nb 40(103)
A savg B b = = = 31.83(106)Pa = 31.8 MPa Ans.
Ab 0.4(10 - 3)p
38
464
1–55.
7–45. Rods AB and BC each have a diameter of 5 mm. If
the load of P = 2 kN is applied to the ring, determine the
average normal stress in each rod if u = 60°. A
u
P
B
: ©Fx = 0;
+
2 - FAB sin 60° = 0 FAB = 2.309 kN C
p
The cross-sectional area of wires AB and BC are A AB = A BC = (0.0052)
4
= 6.25(10 - 6)p m2. Thus,
FAB 2.309(103)
A savg B AB = = = 117.62(106) Pa = 118 MPa Ans.
A AB 6.25(10 - 6)p
FBC 1.155(103)
A savg B BC = = = 58.81(106) Pa = 58.8 MPa Ans.
A BC 6.25(10 - 6)p
39
465
7–46.
*1–56. Rods AB and BC each have a diameter of 5 mm.
Determine the angle u of rod BC so that the average
normal stress in rod AB is 1.5 times that in rod BC. What is A
the load P that will cause this to happen if the average u
normal stress in each rod is not allowed to exceed 100 MPa?
P
B
Consider the equilibrium of joint B, Fig. a,
: ©Fx = 0;
+
P - FAB sin u = 0 (2)
p C
The cross-sectional area of rods AB and BC are A AB = A BC = (0.0052)
4
= 6.25(10 - 6)p m2. Since the average normal stress in rod AB is required to be
1.5 times to that of rod BC, then
FAB FBC
-6
= 1.5 c d
6.25(10 )p 6.25(10 - 6)p
Since wire AB will achieve the average normal stress of 100 MPa first when P
increases, then
P = 1.46 kN Ans.
40
466
+
b © Fx = 0; V –-100
V 19.80
coscos =0= 0
52°52°
V ==61.57
12.19kN
kip
Inclined plane:
P 15.603 3)
78.80(10
s¿ = ; s9 5
s¿ = p(6)22
5 549.05
= 62.6 ksi MPa Ans.
A p(0.25)
sinsin
52°52°
œ V œ 12.19 3)
61.57(10
tavg = ; 5 = p(0.25)
tavg
s9 p(6)2
2 =5
48.9 ksi MPa
428.96 Ans.
A
sin 52°
52°
Cross section:
P 19.803)
100(10
s = ; s =
s 5 = 884.2
5 MPa
101 ksi Ans.
A p(6)2 2
p(0.25)
V
tavg = ; tavg = 0 Ans.
A
1–58.
*7–48. The anchor bolt was pulled out of the concrete wall P
and the failure surface formed part of a frustum and
cylinder. This indicates a shear failure occurred along the
cylinder BC and tension failure along the frustum AB. If
the shear and normal stresses along these surfaces have the A
magnitudes shown, determine the force P that must have
been applied to the bolt. 45� 45�
50 mm
Average Normal Stress:
3 MPa 3 MPa
B
For the frustum, A = 2pxL = 2p(0.025 + 0.025) A 2 0.05 + 0.05 2 2
B
30 mm
= 0.02221 m2 4.5 MPa
P F1 C
s = ; 3 A 106 B =
A 0.02221
F1 = 66.64 kN 25 mm 25 mm
Equation of Equilibrium:
P = 68.3 kN Ans.
41
467
1–59.
7–49. The open square butt joint is used to transmit a 50 kip
250 kN
force of 250 kNfrom
50 kip fromone
one plate
plate to
to the
the other. Determine the
average normal and average shear stress components that
30�
30
this loading creates on the face of the weld, section AB. 30�
30
42
468
: ©Fx = 0;
+
A x - 2P cos 30° = 0 A x = 1.732P
P P
+ c ©Fy = 0; A y - P - P + 2P sin 30° = 0 Ay = P
FA = 2 A x 2 + A y 2 = 2 (1.732P)2 + P2 = 2P
All pins are subjected to same force and double shear. Referring to the FBD of the
pin, Fig. b,
F 2P
V = = = P
2 2
p
The cross-sectional area of the pin is A = (0.0182) = 81.0(10 - 6)p m2. Thus,
4
V P
tallow = ; 60(106) =
A 81.0(10 - 6)p
43
469
•1–73. Member B is
*7–52. is subjected
subjectedto toaacompressive
compressiveforce forceofof
4
800 If
kN. lb.AIfand
A and B are
B are both
both made
made of wood
of wood andand 10 38mm
areare in. thick,
determine to the nearest 14multiples
the nearest in. the smallest
of 5 mm dimension h of
the smallest
the horizontal
dimension h ofsegment so that it
the horizontal does not
segment sofail
thatinitshear.
does Thenot
average
fail shearThe
in shear. stress for the shear
average segment is tallow
stress for the= 300 psi. is
segment B 800
4 kNlb
tallow = 2.1 MPa.
13
307.7 3)
300== 1.538(10
5
t = 2.1
tallow = 3
allow ((10)
2) h h
12
h
= 73.2
hh = 2.74 mm
in. A
se h = 75 3mm
U
Use h = 2 in. Ans.
4
4 kN
H = 3.692 kN
V = 1.538 kN
200 N
a + ©MA = 0; Fa - a (20) - 200(500) = 0
Fa - a = 5000 N
Fa - a 5000
tallow = ; 35(106) =
Aa - a d(0.025)
d = 0.00571 m = 5.71 mm Ans.
7–54.
1–75. The joint is fastened together using two bolts. 30 mm 80 kN
Determine the required diameter of the bolts if the failure
shear stress for the bolts is tfail = 350 MPa. Use a factor of
30 mm
safety for shear of F.S. = 2.5.
350(106)
= 140(105)
2.5
40 kN
3
20(10 )
tallow = 140(106) = 40 kN
p
4 d2
50
470
7–55.
*1–76. The lapbelt assembly is to be subjected to a force 800 N
of 800 N. Determine (a) the required thickness t of
the belt if the allowable tensile stress for the material 45 mm
is (st)allow = 10 MPa, (b) the required lap length dl t
if the glue can sustain an allowable shear stress of dl
(tallow)g = 0.75 MPa, and (c) the required diameter dr of
the pin if the allowable shear stress for the pin is
(tallow)p = 30 MPa. dr
800 N
Allowable Normal Stress: Design of belt thickness.
P 800
(st)allow = ; 10 A 106 B =
A (0.045)t
51
471
7–57.
1–78. Member B is subjected to a compressive force of 3600
kNlb
3600kN.
lb. If AAandandB Bareare
bothboth
made made
of woodof wood
and are and1.5are
in.
40 mm
thick, thick, to
determine determine
the nearestto1>8the nearest
in. the multiples
smallest dimension of
5a of
mmthe thesupport
smallest
so dimension a of the
that the average support
shear stresssoalong
that the 5
3
average
blue lineshear
does stress alongtthe
not exceed = 50line
allow blue psi. does notfriction.
Neglect exceed 4 B a
tallow = 0.35 MPa. Neglect friction.
A
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 4
6003 a b - Fh = 0 2.4 kN
Fh = 480 lb
5
Referring to the FBD of the wood segment sectioned through glue line, Fig. b
: ©Fx = 0;
+
2.4 - V = 0
480 V = 2.4
480kN
lb
UUse
se a = 612 mm
a =175 in. Ans.
3 kN
Fh = 2.4 kN
52
472
7–58.
1–79. The joint is used to transmit a torque of
T = 3 kN # m. Determine the required minimum diameter 100 mm
of the shear pin A if it is made from a material having a T
shear failure stress of tfail = 150 MPa. Apply a factor of
safety of 3 against failure.
Internal Loadings: The shear force developed on the shear plane of pin A can be
determined by writing the moment equation of equilibrium along the y axis with
reference to the free-body diagram of the shaft, Fig. a.
Internal Loadings: The shear force developed on the shear plane of pin A can be
A
determined by writing the moment equation of equilibrium along the y axis with
reference to the free-body diagram of the shaft, Fig. a.
T
©My = 0; V(0.1) - T = 0 V = 10T
V 10T
tallow = ; 50(106) =
AA 0.4909(10 - 3)
53
473
*7–60.
•1–81. The tension member is fastened together using two
bolts, one on each side of the member as shown. Each bolt 60�
has a diameter of 0.37.5 in.mm. Determine
Determinethethemaximum
maximum load
load
P
P P
that
P can
that canbebeapplied
appliedtotothethemember
member ifif the
the allowable shear
for the
stress for the bolts tallow==8412MPa
bolts isistallow ksi and
and the allowable
average normal stress is sallow ==140 ksi.
20 MPa.
P = 1.1547 N (1)
P = 2V (2)
V ==7422
V 1.696Nkip
= 7.422 kN
P == 14.844 kN
3.39 kip
N ==12370
2.827N
kip
= 12.370 kN
P ==14.28 kN
3.26 kip (controls) Ans.
54
474
45� B
The force in wire BD is equal to the applied load; ie, FBD = P = 6 kN. Analysing 30�
the equilibrium of joint B by referring to its FBD, Fig. a,
: ©Fx = 0;
+
FBC cos 30° - FAB cos 45° = 0 (1)
D
+ c ©Fy = 0; FBC sin 30° + FAB sin 45° - 6 = 0 (2) P
55
475
7–62.
1–83. The three steel wires are used to support the
load. If the wires have an allowable tensile stress of A
sallow = 165 MPa, and wire AB has a diameter of 6 mm, BC
C
has a diameter of 5 mm, and BD has a diameter of 7 mm,
determine the greatest force P that can be applied before
one of the wires fails. 45� B
30�
The force in wire BD is equal to the applied load; ie, FBD = P. Analysing the
equilibrium of joint B by referring to its FBD, Fig. a,
D
: ©Fx = 0;
+
FBC cos 30° - FAB cos 45° = 0 (1) P
P = 6349.94 N = 6.350 kN
P = 5203.42 N = 5.203 kN
56
476
Solution
P 140(103)
(sb)allow = ; 350 A 106 B =
A p
4 d21
d1 = 0.02257 m = 22.6 mm
V 140(103)
tallow = ; 125 A 106 B =
A pd2 (0.01)
V 140(103)
t = = = 98.7 MPa 6 tallow = 125 MPa (O. K !)
A p(0.02257)(0.02)
T ==4750 .1 Nlb
1178.10
d
: ©Fx = 0;
+
-–4750.1
1178.10cos 30°+ +FAB
cos30° sinsin
FAB = 0= 0
45°45°
W ==1.739 kN
431 lb Ans.
FAB ==5.818
F kNlb
1442.9
57
477
7–65.
1–86. The boom boom isissupported
supportedbyby thethe winch
winch cablecable
thatthat
has B
has an allowable
an allowable normalstress
normal stressofof sallow == 168 MPa.IfIfitit is
24 ksi.
required that it be able
able to
to slowly
slowly lift
lift 25 kN,lb,
5000 from
from u=
u 20°
= 20°to
to=u 50°,
s determine
= 50°, determinethe the
smallest diameter
smallest of the
diameter cable
of the to the
cable to
1
nearest multiples
the nearest 16 in.of 5
The mm.
boomThe boom
AB hasABa has
lengtha length
of 20of 6
ft. u
m. Neglect
Neglect thethe
sizesize of the
of the winch.
winch. SetSet
d =d = 123.6
ft. m. 6 mft
20
A f
Maximum tension in cable occurs when u = 20°.
sin 20° sin c
=
20
6 12
3.6 d
c = 11.842°
: © Fx = 0;
+
- T cos 20° + FAB cos 31.842° = 0
T ==103.491
T 20 698.3kN
lb
F = 114.478 kN
AB = 22 896 lb
FAB
3
P 20 698.3
103.491(10 )
s = ; = 3) = p p 2 2
24(10
168
A (d)
4 4 (d)
d =mm
d = 28.0 1.048 in.
1
Use dd ==301 mmin. Ans.
16
1–87.
7–66. The 60 mm * 60 mm oak post is supported on P
the pine block. If the allowable bearing stresses for
these materials are soak = 43 MPa and spine = 25 MPa,
determine the greatest load P that can be supported. If
a rigid bearing plate is used between these materials,
determine its required area so that the maximum load P can
be supported. What is this load?
58
478
: ©Fx = 0
+ B
FBC cos 45° - Dx = 0 (2)
a + ©MA = 0; 4 cos 45° (3) + FBC sin 45° (1.5) - Dx (3) = 0 (3)
A
Dy = 2.263 kN
Pin C is subjected to double shear white pin D is subjected to single shear. Referring
to the FBDs of pins C, and D in Fig c and d, respectively,
FBC 8.00
VC = = = 4.00 kN VD = FD = 6.093 kN
2 2
For pin C,
VC 4.00(103)
tallow = ; 40(106) =
AC p
4 dC 2
dC = 0.01128 m = 11.28 mm
Use dC = 12 mm Ans.
For pin D,
VD 6.093(103)
tallow = ; 40(106) =
AD p
4 dD 2
dD = 0.01393 m = 13.93 mm
Use dD = 14 mm Ans.
59
479
1–89. The
•*7–68. The eyeeyeboltboltis used
is usedto support
to support the loadthe of 5 kip.
load of 25 mm
1 in.
Determine its diameter
25 kN. Determine its diameter d to the18 nearest
d to the nearest in. and the required
multiples of
1
thickness
5 mm andhthe to required
the nearest 8 in. ofh the
thickness to thesupport
nearest somultiples
that the h
washer
of 5 mmwill notsupport
of the penetrate so or
thatshear throughwill
the washer it. The allowable
not penetrate
normal
or shearstress for the
through it. The is sallow =normal
boltallowable 21 ksi andstressthe allowable
for the bolt
shear stress
is sallow for MPa
= 150 the supporting material isshear
and the allowable = 5 ksi.
tallow stress for the d
supporting material is tallow = 35 MPa.
525 kN
kip
d =14.57
d = mmin.
0.5506
Use d = 15dmm5
Use = in. Ans.
8
Allowable Shear Stress: Design of support thickness
V 5(1033))
25(10
tallow = ; 35 =
5(10 3
) =
A p(25)(h)
p(1)(h)
3
h = 9.09 mm
Use h = in. Ans.
Use h = 10 mm 8
60
480
7–69.
1–90. The soft-ride suspension system of the mountain P 100 mm
bike is pinned at C and supported by the shock absorber 300 mm
BD. If it is designed to support a load P = 1500 N, A
determine the required minimum diameter of pins B and C.
Use a factor of safety of 2 against failure. The pins are made
of material having a failure shear stress of tfail = 150 MPa,
and each pin is subjected to double shear.
FBD = 5905.36 N
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Cx - 5905.36 cos 60° = 0 Cx = 2952.68 N
Thus,
= 4666.98 N
VC 2333.49
tallow = ; 75(106) =
AC p 2
d
4 C
dC = 0.006294 m = 6.29 mm Ans.
61
481
1–91.
7–70. The soft-ride suspension system of the mountain P 100 mm
bike is pinned at C and supported by the shock absorber 300 mm
BD. If it is designed to support a load of P = 1500 N, A
determine the factor of safety of pins B and C against
failure if they are made of a material having a shear failure
stress of tfail = 150 MPa. Pin B has a diameter of 7.5 mm,
and pin C has a diameter of 6.5 mm. Both pins are subjected
to double shear.
FBD = 5905.36 N
: ©Fx = 0;
+
Cx - 5905.36 cos 60° = 0 Cx = 2952.68 N
Thus,
= 4666.98 N
FB 5905.36 FC 4666.98
VB = = = 2952.68N VC = = = 2333.49 N
2 2 2 2
Allowable Shear Stress: The areas of the shear plane for pins B and C are
p p
A B = (0.00752) = 44.179(10 - 6)m2 and A C = (0.00652) = 33.183(10 - 6)m2.
4 4
We obtain
VB 2952.68
A tavg B B = = = 66.84 MPa
AB 44.179(10 - 6)
VC 2333.49
A tavg B C = = = 70.32 MPa
AC 33.183(10 - 6)
Using these results,
tfail 150
(F.S.)B = = = 2.24 Ans.
A avg B B
t 66.84
tfail 150
(F.S.)C = = = 2.13 Ans.
A tavg B C 70.32
62
482
7–71
*1–92. The compound wooden beam is connected together 2 kN
3 kN 1.5 kN
by a bolt at B. Assuming that the connections at A, B, C, and
2m 2m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
D exert only vertical forces on the beam, determine the
required diameter of the bolt at B and the required outer C D
diameter of its washers if the allowable tensile stress for the A
bolt is 1st2allow = 150 MPa and the allowable bearing stress B
for the wood is 1sb2allow = 28 MPa. Assume that the hole in
the washers has the same diameter as the bolt.
dB = 0.00611 m
= 6.11 mm Ans.
For washer:
4.40(103)
sallow = 28 (104) = 2
p
4 (d w - 0.006112)
dw = 0.0154 m = 15.4 mm Ans.
3
w
V 5(10
0.8333 )
t = = p 2 2 ==63.66
11.79MPa
ksi 0.3
1 ftm
A 44 (10
(0.3 ))
ty 125
18 FBC = 10 kN
F. S. = =
= ==1.96
1.53 Ans.
t 63.66
11.79 Az = 6 kN
5 kN
5 kN
Ay = 4 kN
10(1.2) = 12 kN
10 kN
63
483
1–94.
7–73. If the the allowable
allowableshear
shearstress
stressfor
foreach
each
of of
thethe 0.30-
10-mm-
in.-diameter
diameter steel steel
pinspins
at A,at B, B, and
A,and C is Ctallow = 90=MPa,
is tallow 12.5 and
ksi, C
and the allowable
the allowable normalnormal
stressstress for13-mm-diameter
for the the 0.40-in.-diameter
rod is
rod
sallowis =sallow = 22 ksi
150 MPa, , determine
determine the the largest
largest intensity
intensity of
w ofwthe
the uniform
uniform distributed
distributed loadload
that that
can can be suspended
be suspended fromfrom
the
the
beam.beam.
4 ftm
1.2
Assume failure of pins B and C:
3
1.667w
0.5w(10 ) A
tallow == 90 = =p p 2 2
12.5
(10
4 4 (0.3
) )
w == 14.14
0.530kN/m
kip>ft (controls)
(controls) Ans.
B
Assume
Assumefailure
failureof
ofpins
pinsA:
A:
3 ftm
0.9
.6 w)2 + ((1.333w)
FFAA = 2(0(2w) 0.4 w)2 =2 0.721w
= 2.404 w
w
1.202w 3)
0.3605w(10 1 ftm
0.3
allow = 90
ttallow = = pp 22
12.5
44(0.3
(10 ))
ww = 19.61
0.735 kN/m
kip>ft 0.3605w
0.5w 0.3605w
0.5w
Assumefailure
Assume failureof
ofrod
rodBC:
BC:
3.333w 3)
1.0w(10 1.0w
allow = 150
22 ==
ssallow 0.721w
p p 22
4 (0.4
4 (13 ))
FBC = 1.0w
ww = 19.91
0.829 kN/m
kip>ft
Ax = 0.6w
Ay = 0.4w
1.2w
1–95.
7–74. If the allowable bearing stress for the material 40 kN/m P
under the supports at A and B is 1sb2allow = 1.5 MPa,
determine the size of square bearing plates A¿ and B¿
required to support the load. Dimension the plates to the
nearest mm. The reactions at the supports are vertical. Take
A B
P = 100 kN. A¿ B¿
For plate A¿ ,
NA 25.0(103)
(sb)allow = ; 1.5(106) =
A A¿ a2A¿
aA¿ = 0.1291 m = 130 mm Ans.
For plate B¿ ,
NB 135(103)
sallow = ; 1.5(106) =
A B¿ a2B¿
aB¿ = 0.300 m = 300 mm Ans.
64
484
1.5 m 3m 1.5 m
For plate A¿ ,
NA (75 - 0.5P)(103)
(sb)allow = ; 1.5(106) =
A A¿ 0.15(0.15)
P = 82.5 kN
For plate B¿ ,
NB (1.5P - 15)(103)
(sb)allow = ; 1.5(106) =
A B¿ 0.25(0.25)
FAB = 8.30 kN
For rod AB
For rod CD
65
485
7–77.
1–98. The aluminum
aluminum bracket
bracketAAis is usedused to support
to support the
the centrally
centrally applied
applied load ofload of If
8 kip. 40itkN.
has If it has a thickness
a constant constant
thickness
of 0.5 in.,ofdetermine
12 mm, determine
the smallest theheight
smallest height
h in orderh toin
order
prevent to prevent
a sheara shear
failure.failure.
The The failure
failure shearstress
shear stress is A h
tfail == 160 MPa.
23 ksi. Use
Use a afactor
factorofofsafety
safetyfor
forshear F.S. == 2.5.
shearofofF.S.
Equation of Equilibrium:
h =
h = 52.1 mm
1.74 in. Ans. 40 kN
V = 40 kN
1–99.
7–78. The hanger is supported using the rectangular pin. 20 mm
Determine the magnitude of the allowable suspended load 75 mm
P if the allowable bearing stress is (sb)allow = 220 MPa, the
allowable tensile stress is (st)allow = 150 MPa, and the 10 mm
allowable shear stress is tallow = 130 MPa. Take t = 6 mm,
a b
a = 5 mm, and b = 25 mm. a
P P>2
(sb)allow = ; 220 A 106 B =
A (0.005)(0.025)
66
486
7–79.
*1–100. The hanger is supported using the rectangular 20 mm
pin. Determine the required thickness t of the hanger, and 75 mm
dimensions a and b if the suspended load is P = 60 kN.
The allowable tensile stress is (st)allow = 150 MPa, the 10 mm
allowable bearing stress is (sb)allow = 290 MPa, and the
a a b
allowable shear stress is tallow = 125 MPa.
37.5 mm
t
P
37.5 mm
V 30(103)
tallow = ; 125 A 106 B =
A (0.01)b
P 30(103)
(sb)allow = ; 290 A 106 B =
A (0.0240) a
67
487
*7–80. AnAn
2–1. air-filledrubber
air-filled rubber ball
ball hashas a diameter
a diameter of 6ofin.150
If
mm. air
the If the air pressure
pressure within
within it isit increased
is increaseduntil
untilthe
the ball’s
diameter becomes
becomes 175 mm,determine
7 in., determinethe theaverage
average normal
strain in the rubber.
rubber.
d0 == 150
6 in.mm
d == 175
7 in.mm
pd – pd0 1757 –-150
e 5 pd - pd 5
0 6 = 0.167 mm/mm
e = pd0 = 150 = 0.167 in./in. Ans.
pd0 6
2–2.
7–81. AAthin thinstrip
strip of
of rubber
rubber has
has an
an unstretched
unstretched length of
15
375in.mm.
If it is
Ifstretched aroundaround
it is stretched a pipe having
a pipean outer diameter
having an outer
of 5 in., determine
diameter of 125 mm,the average
determinenormal strain innormal
the average the strip.
strain
in the strip.
L0 = 15 in.
L0 = 375 mm
L = p(5 in.)
L = p(125 mm)
L –-LL
L 5p -
0 0 125p 15
– 375
e5= 5= == 0.0472 mm/mm
in.>in. Ans.
LL00 15
375
4m
P
¢LBD ¢LCE
= A B C
3 7
3 (10)
¢LBD = = 4.286 mm 3m 2m 2m
7
¢LCE 10
eCE = = = 0.00250 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
¢LBD 4.286
eBD = = = 0.00107 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
73
488
7–83.
*2–4. The two wires are connected together at A. If the
force P causes point A to be displaced horizontally 2 mm,
C
determine the normal strain developed in each wire.
300
mm
œ 2 2
LAC = 2300 + 2 - 2(300)(2) cos 150° = 301.734 mm
œ
30�
LAC - LAC 301.734 - 300 P
eAC = eAB = = = 0.00578 mm>mm Ans. 30� A
LAC 300
mm
300
*7–84.
•2–5. The rigid beam is supported by a pin at A and wires
BD and CE. If the distributed load causes the end C to be E
displaced 10 mm downward, determine the normal strain
developed in wires CE and BD. D
2m
1.5 m
2m 3m
A B C
w
Since the vertical displacement of end C is small compared to the length of member
AC, the vertical displacement dB of point B, can be approximated by referring to the
similar triangle shown in Fig. a
dB 10
= ; dB = 4 mm
2 5
The unstretched lengths of wires BD and CE are LBD = 1500 mm and
LCE = 2000 mm.
dB 4
A eavg B BD = = = 0.00267 mm>mm Ans.
LBD 1500
dC 10
A eavg B CE = = = 0.005 mm>mm Ans.
LCE 2000
74
489
5 mm
3 mm
5 mm
3 mm
x
2
g = tan - 1 a b = 11.31° = 0.197 rad Ans.
10
7–86. IfIfthethe
2–7. unstretched
unstretched length
length of theofbowstring
the bowstring is
is 35.5 in.,
887.5 mm, determine
determine the averagethe average
normal normal
strain strain
in the in when
string the string
it is
when it is to
stretched stretched to theshown.
the position position shown.
18 mm
450 in.
6 in.
150 mm
18 mm
450 in.
L - L0 37.947 –-887.5
948.68 35.5
eavg = = == 0.0689
0.0689mm/mm
in.>in. Ans.
L0 35.5
887.5
450 mm
450 mm
150 mm
75
490
B
AB = 23002 + 4002 = 500 mm
a = 90.4185° 400 mm
p
u = 90.4185° - 90° = 0.4185° = (0.4185) rad
180°
p
¢ D = 600(u) = 600( )(0.4185) = 4.38 mm Ans.
180°
76
491
16 mm
D B
x
3 mm
3 mm 16 mm
C
16 mm 16 mm
16 p rad
a = tan - 1 a b = 50.91° a b = 0.8885 rad
13 180°
By the definition of shear strain,
p p
A gxy B A = - 2f = - 2(0.6823) = 0.206 rad Ans.
2 2
p p
A gxy B B = - 2a = - 2(0.8885) = - 0.206 rad Ans.
2 2
77
492
16 mm
D B
x
3 mm
3 mm 16 mm
C
16 mm 16 mm
Referring to Fig. a,
LBD = 16 + 16 = 32 mm
LB¿D¿ = 13 + 13 = 26 mm
Thus,
78
493
2
u1 = tan u1 = = 0.006667 rad 400 mm
300
3
u2 = tan u2 = = 0.0075 rad
400
gxy = u1 + u2 x
A 300 mm B
= 0.006667 + 0.0075 = 0.0142 rad Ans. 2 mm
D¿B¿ = 496.6014 mm
79
494
1255mm
in. 200
8 in.mm
A x
Geometry:
a =2 -200
a = 28 2
4.3301 2
− 108=.25 2
6.7268 in. mm
= 168.17
5.10 12 27.522
= 9.2268 2 2 2
+ 8.28
= 230.67 2
- 2(9.2268)(8.28)
+ 207.02 cos u
– 2(230.67)(207.0)
u = 33.317°
u = 33.317°
= 8.28
x¿ x9 = cos 33.317°
207.0 = 6.9191
cos 33.317° in. mm
= 172.98
= 8.28
y¿ y9 = sin 33.317°
207.0 = 4.5480
sin 33.317° in. mm
= 113.70
x = -(x¿ - a)
x = (x9 – a)
= - (6.9191
= - 6.7268)
–(172.98 = =
– 168.17) - 0.192
–4.81 in.
mm Ans.
= -y =
y - 4.3301)
(y¿ (y9 – 108.25)
= -(4.5480
= - 4.3301)
–(113.70 = -
– 108.25) = 0.218
–5.45 in.
mm Ans.
230.67 mm
62.5 mm
80
495
2–15.
7–94. Two bars are used to support a load P. When y
unloaded, AB ABisis5 125
in. long,
mmAC is 8AC
long, in. long,
is 200and
mmthelong,
ring at
and
A
has
the coordinates
ring at A has (0,coordinates
0). If a load (0,
is applied
0). If a to theisring
load at A, so
applied to
that it moves
the ring at A, soitthat
to itthe
movescoordinate position (0.25
it to the coordinate in.,
position B C
60�
60
-0.73mm,
(6.25 in.),–18.25
determine
mm),the normal strain
determine in eachstrain
the normal bar. in each
bar.
1255mm
in. 8 in.mm
200
A x
Geometry:
282200
a = a = − 1082.25
- 24.3301 =2 6.7268
= 168.17
in. mm
LA¿B
A9B = (62.5 ++6.25
= 2(2.5 )2 +2 (+108
0.25) .25 + 18+.25
(4.3301 )2 2
0.73)
= 143.98
= 5.7591 mm
in.
L A¿C == (2(6.7268
LA9C )2 + (2108
168.17 − 6.-250.25) 25 + 18.25
+ .(4.3301 2
+ )0.73)2
= 205 .48 mm
==205.48
8.2191mm
in.
LA¿B - LAB
eAB =
LAB
5.7591 –-125
143.98 5
= == 0.152 in.>in.
mm/mm Ans.
5
125
LA¿C - LAC
eAC =
LAC
8.2191 –-200
205.48 8
= == 0.0274 in.>in.
mm/mm Ans.
8
200
230.67 mm
62.5 mm
108.25 mm
108.25 mm
125 mm 200 mm
18.25 mm
6.25 mm
62.5 mm
81
496
AB¿ - AB
eAB =
AB
70.8243 - 70.7107
= = 1.61 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm Ans.
70.7107
C¿D¿ - CD
eCD =
CD
79.5860 - 70.7107
= = 126 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm Ans.
70.7107
82
497
2–18.
7–97 The piece of plastic is originally rectangular. y
Determine the shear strain gxy at corners A and B if the 5 mm
plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. 2 mm
4 mm
2 mm B
C
300 mm
Geometry: For small angles,
2 mm x
2 D A
a = c = = 0.00662252 rad 400 mm
302 3 mm
2
b = u = = 0.00496278 rad
403
Shear Strain:
(gB)xy = a + b
(gA)xy = -(u + c)
2–19.
7–98 The piece of plastic is originally rectangular. y
Determine the shear strain gxy at corners D and C if the 5 mm
plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. 2 mm
4 mm
2 mm B
C
300 mm
2 mm x
D A
400 mm
3 mm
2
a = c = = 0.00496278 rad
403
2
b = u = = 0.00662252 rad
302
Shear Strain:
(gC)xy = -(a + b)
(gD)xy = u + c
83
498
Geometry: Referring to Fig. a, the stretched length of LB¿D can be determined using
the consine law,
45� C
A
LB¿D = 2(0.6 cos 45°)2 + (0.6 sin 45°)2 - 2(0.6 cos 45°)(0.6 sin 45°) cos 93°
B
= 0.6155 m
Average Normal Strain: The unstretched length of wire BD is LBD = 0.6 m. We
obtain
84
499
0.1
Section a–a of the cylinder is an ellipse with a = 0.1 m and b = m. Thus,
cos 30°
0.1
A a - a = pab = p(0.1)a b = 0.03628 m2. d
cos 30°
Na - a 259.81(103)
A sa - a B avg = = = 7.162(106) Pa = 7.16 MPa Ans.
Aa - a 0.03628
Va - a 150(103)
A ta - a B avg = = = 4.135(106) Pa = 4.13 MPa Ans.
Aa - a 0.03628
The differential element representing the state of stress of a point on section a–a is
shown in Fig. b
a
P 8 (103) 30 mm
ss = = = 208 MPa Ans.
A p
4 (0.007)2
V 8 (103)
(tavg)a = = = 4.72 MPa Ans.
A p (0.018)(0.030)
V 8 (103)
(tavg)b = = = 45.5 MPa Ans.
A p (0.007)(0.008)
500
68
7–102.
1–103. Determine the required thickness of member BC
and the diameter of the pins at A and B if the allowable C
normal stress
stress for
formember
memberBC BCis issallow = 29MPa
= 200
sallow and the
ksi and
allowable shear stress for the pins is tallow == 70
10MPa.
ksi.
1.5mm
40 in.
Referring to the FBD of member AB, Fig. a,
a + ©MA = 0; 2(8)(4) - F
30(2.4)(1.2) –BC sinsin
FBC 60°60° = 0= 0
(8)(2.4) FBC F=BC9.238 kipkN
= 41.57 60�
60
B
: ©Fx = 0;
+ 8 ftm
2.4 A
41.57 cos 60° –-AAx x= =
9.238 0 0 A x = 4.619
Ax kip
= 20.785 kN
FA == 2Ax2A+2x A+y2 A
F = 2y =202 2
4.619
.785 2
+ 36 2 2
+.008.00 = 9.238
= 41.57 kN kip
Pin A is subjected to single shear, Fig. c, while pin B is subjected to double shear,
Fig. b.
FBCFBC 41.57
9.238
VA ==FF
V AA= =
41.57 kN
9.238 kip VBV=
B = = = = 20.785 kN kip
= 4.619
2 2 2 2
For member BC
FBC 41.57(103)
9.238
sallow = ; 200==
29 t = t = 5.196in.
0.2124 mm
A BC 1.5(t)
40(t)
1
UseUse 6 mm
t = t =in. Ans.
4
For pin A,
VA 9.238
41.57(103)
tallow = ; 1070== p 2p 2 d A d=A =
1.085
27.5in.
mm
AA 4 d A4 dA
1
dA d=A =
UseUse 1 28inmm Ans.
8
For pin B,
VB 4.619
20.785(103)
tallow = ; 1070== p 2 p =B =
dB d 0.7669
19.4 in
mm
AB 2
4 d B4 dB
13
dB d=B = 20
UseUse inmm Ans.
16
FBC = 41.57 kN
1.2 m 1.2 m
30(2.4) kN FA = 41.57 kN
69
501
Segment AD: D B
0.45
1.5 ftm
: ©Fx = 0;
+ A
ND –-61.2
N = 0; = 0; ND = 1.20 kipND = 6 kN Ans. 1.2
4 ftm
E
Segment CE:
Q+ ©Fx = 0; NE ++ 10
N 2.0= =
0; 0; NE = - 2.00 kip
NE = –10 kN Ans.
R + ©Fy = 0; VE = 0 Ans.
a + ©ME = 0; ME = 0 Ans.
2.5(2.4) = 6 kN
6 kN
2 kN 10 kN
2.5(0.45) = 1.125 kN
6 kN
0.45 m
2 kN
*7–104.
•1–105. The pulley is held fixed to the 20-mm-diameter
shaft using a key that fits within a groove cut into the pulley a a
and shaft. If the suspended load has a mass of 50 kg,
determine the average shear stress in the key along section
a–a. The key is 5 mm by 5 mm square and 12 mm long. 75 mm
F = 3678.75 N
V 3678.75
tavg = = = 61.3 MPa Ans.
A (0.005)(0.012)
70
502
7–105.
1–106. The bearing pad consists of a 150 mm by 150 mm 6 kN
block of aluminum that supports a compressive load of
6 kN. Determine the average normal and shear stress acting
on the plane through section a–a. Show the results on a
differential volume element located on the plane. a
Equation of Equilibrium:
Na - a 5.196(103)
sa - a = = = 200 kPa Ans.
A 0.02598
Va - a 3.00(103)
ta - a = = = 115 kPa Ans.
A 0.02598
V 5 (103)
s30 = = p 2
= 7.07 MPa Ans.
4 (0.03)
A
P 2.5 (103)
tavg = = p 2
= 5.09 MPa Ans.
4 (0.025)
A
71
503
90 mm 75 mm
x
A 80 mm F
Referring to Fig. a,
LC¿D¿ = 80 - 15 + 25 = 90 mm
25 p rad
f = tan-1 ¢ ≤ = 14.04° ¢ ≤ = 0.2450 rad.
100 180°
When the plate deforms, the vertical position of point B and E do not change.
LBB¿ 15
= ; LBB¿ = 13.5 mm
90 100
LEE¿ 25
= ; LEE¿ = 18.75 mm
75 100
Thus,
LC¿D¿ - LCD 90 - 80
A eavg B CD = = = 0.125 mm>mm Ans.
LCD 80
Referring to Fig. a, the angle at corner F becomes larger than 90° after the plate
deforms. Thus, the shear strain is negative.
87
504
2
dL = e dx = x e-x dx
L
L0
2
¢L = x e-x dx
L
1 1 1
= - c e-x d � = - c e-L - d
2 2
2 0 2 2
1 2
= [1 - e-L ] Ans.
2
88
505
Equation of Equilibrium:
gAL L
a + ©MA = 0; Ts - a b = 0
2 4
gAL2
T =
8s
Average Normal Stress:
gAL2
T 8s gL2
s = = = Ans.
A A 8s
72
506