Malaysia Stds

DRAFT
MALAYSIAN 11E040R0 j
STANDARD
STAGE : PUBLIC COMMENT (40.20)
DATE : 01/06/2015 - 31/07/2015
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Insulation coordination for equipment
within low voltage systems – Part 2-1:
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Application guide – Explanation of the
application of the MS IEC 60664 series,
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dimensioning examples and dielectric

testing
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OFFICER/SUPPORT STAFF: (ZZ / )
ICS: 29.020;91.140.50
Descriptors: insulation, equipment within low-voltage systems
© Copyright
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
11E040R0 j
Contents
Page
Committee representation .......................................................................................................... ii
Foreword .................................................................................................................................... iii
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ iv
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ................................................................................................. 1
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3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................. 2
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4 Principles and practical application of the MS IEC 60664 series
for insulation dimensioning of LV equipment ...........................................................10
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5 Four examples showing appropriate dimensioning of insulation
within equipment ......................................................................................................32
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6 Practical application of the IEC 60664 series with regards to

particular question ....................................................................................................39
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7 Examples of a dimensioning worksheet

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(Based on case A as described in MS IEC 60664-1:2013)......................................44

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Annex A Overview of Clauses of IEC 60664-1 requiring decisions by

technical committees, specification of options or requiring activities by the
manufacturer ............................................................................................................56
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Annex B Overview of Clauses of IEC 60664-4 requiring decisions by

technical committees ................................................................................................62
Annex C Overview of Clauses of IEC 60664-5 requiring decisions by

technical committees, specification of options or requiring activities by the
manufacturer ............................................................................................................63
Annex D Dimensioning of clearances and creepage distances for d.c.

voltages above 1000 V d.c. ......................................................................................70
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................72
© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved i

11E040R0 j
Committee representation
The Industry Standards Committee on Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Energy (ISC E) under whose
authority this Malaysian Standard was adopted, comprises representatives from the following organisations:
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Department of Standards Malaysia
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Malaysia Nuclear Power Corporation
Malaysian Association of Standards Users
Malaysian Cable Manufacturers Association
Malaysian Electrical Appliances and Distributors Association
Malaysian Green Technology Corporation
Malaysian Green Technology Corporation
Persatuan Kontraktor Elektrikal dan Mekanikal Melayu Malaysia
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd
Sarawak Energy Berhad
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Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia
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Suruhanjaya Tenaga
Sustainable Energy Development Authority Malaysia
Tenaga Nasional Berhad
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The Electrical and Electronics Association of Malaysia
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Malaya
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The Technical Committee on Electrical Installation, Protection and Insulation Practice which developed this
Malaysian Standard is managed by The Electrical and Electronics Association of Malaysia (TEEAM) in its capacity as
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an authorised Standards-Writing Organisation and consists of representatives from the following organisations:
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

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EITA Resources Berhad

G.H. Liew Engineering (1990) Sdn Bhd
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia
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Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

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Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd

Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd (Electrotechnical Testing Section)
Suruhanjaya Tenaga
The Electrical and Electronics Association of Malaysia (Secretariat)
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Time Era Sdn Bhd

TNB Distribution Division
TNB Generation Division
Universiti Malaya
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
The Working Group on Insulation Coordination for Equipment with Low Voltage System which developed this
Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations:
Abbaco Controls Sdn Bhd

UCSI University
ii © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

Foreword
The adoption of the IEC Standard as a Malaysian Standard was recommended by the
Technical Committee on Electrical Installation, Protection and Insulation Practice under the
authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Generation, Transmission and Distribution
of Energy. Adoption of this Malaysian Standard was carried out by The Electrical and
Electronics Association of Malaysia (TEEAM) which is the Standards Writing Organisation
(SWO) appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop standards for electrical installation, protection
and insulation practice.
MS IEC 60664-2-1 is adopted from IEC/TR 60664-2-1 and it serves as an application guide
for the MS IEC 60664 series. Principles of the MS IEC 60664 series for insulation
dimensioning of LV equipment are explained and examples of practical application are
provided together with some background information.
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Annex A provides an overview of clauses of MS IEC 60664-1 requiring decisions by technical
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committees, or specification of options, or requiring activities of the manufacturer;
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Annex B provides an overview of such clauses of MS IEC 60664-4;
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Annex C provides an overview of such clauses of MS IEC 60664-5;
Annex D amends the tables of Annex F of MS IEC 60664-1:2013 with rated impulse voltages
for voltages line to neutral derived from nominal d. c. voltages up to and including 1 500 V.
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Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
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obligations.
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© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved iii

11E040R0 j
Introduction
This Malaysian Standard provides information relating to insulation coordination, as described

in the MS IEC 60664 series. It covers general information for the dimensioning of clearances,
creepage distances and solid insulation for equipment. It aims to highlight the use and
understanding of the MS IEC 60664 series.
Insulation coordination for equipment implies the assessment of the minimum necessary
dimensioning for clearances, creepage distances and solid insulation in order to allow safe
use of the equipment during its lifetime, taking into consideration the foreseeable
environmental conditions.
The main parameters to be taken into account for the understanding of the MS IEC 60664
series include:
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a) the maximum voltage stress to be withstood in order to avoid flashover across
clearances;
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b) the characteristics of the solid insulating material and the environmental conditions
regarding tracking. MS IEC 60664-3 provides methods for improving the micro-
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environment at the creepage distance;
c) the electrical field stress through solid insulation as it relates to the risk of partial
discharge and dielectric loss causing a risk of breakdown due to excessive heating. In
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particular, technical committees and manufacturers should consider a partial discharge

test if the maximum peak voltage across the insulation material exceeds 700 V and the
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peak value of the field strength exceeds 1 kV/mm. Due to the fact that both partial
discharge phenomena and dielectric losses increase in importance with voltage
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frequency, a dedicated standard, MS IEC 60664-4, applies for frequencies higher than
30 kHz;
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NOTE MS IEC 60664-4 provides information concerning clearances, creepage distances, solid
insulation and testing for frequencies above 30 kHz.
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d) the long-term maximum voltage stress to be withstood in order to avoid tracking over the
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surface of the insulation material;
e) flashover; besides tracking, this is increasingly important with reduction of creepage

distance in the presence of high humidity. MS IEC 60664-5 introduces humidity levels
classifying the effects of humidity on creepage distances equal to or less than 2 mm.
Other stresses such as heat, vibration, mechanical shocks, radiation, etc. may influence the
performance of solid insulating materials in service. The risks related to these stresses should
be considered when specifying conditions for testing equipment to be used under particular
situations.
iv © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage system
Part 2-1: Application guide – Explanation of the application of the
MS IEC 60664 series, dimensioning examples and dielectric testing
1 Scope
This Malaysian Standard, serves as an application guide for technical committees and
manufacturers specifying dimensioning requirements for products in accordance with the MS
IEC 60664 series.
The significant items for consideration are as follows:
a) nominal system voltage(s) or rated insulation voltage(s);

b) overvoltage category of the products (OV cat);
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c) any type of overvoltages;
d) frequency of the voltage;
e) characteristics of the solid insulating material; and
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f) pollution degree and humidity levels.
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2 Normative references
The following normative references are indispensable for the application of this standard. For
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dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced standard (including any amendments) applies.
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MS IEC 60085:2013, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
MS IEC 60364-4-44:2007, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-44: Protection for

safety – Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances
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MS IEC 60664-1:2014, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems –

Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests

Part 3: Use of coating, potting or moulding for protection against pollution

Part 4: Consideration of high-frequency voltage stress

Part 5: Comprehensive method for determining clearances and creepage distances equal to
or less than 2 mm
IEC 60112:2003, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking
indices of solid insulating materials
© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved 1

11E040R0 j
IEC 60216 (all parts), Electrical insulating materials – Properties of thermal endurance
IEC 61140:2001, Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and
equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE All definitions can be found in the various parts of the MS IEC 60664 series, as indicated below.
3.1 apparent charge (q)
Electric charge which can be measured at the terminals of the specimen under test.
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NOTE 1 The apparent charge is smaller than the partial discharge.
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NOTE 2 The measurement of the apparent charge requires a short-circuit condition at the terminals of
the specimen under test.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.18.1] m

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3.2 approximately homogeneous field
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For frequencies exceeding 30 kHz the field is considered to be approximately homogeneous

when the radius of curvature of the conductive parts is equal or greater than 20% of the
clearance.
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[MS IEC 60664-4:2014, 3.1]

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3.3 base material
Insulating material upon which a conductive pattern may be formed.

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NOTE The base material may be right or flexible, or both. It may be a dielectric or an insulated metal
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sheet.
(IEC 60194, definition 40.1334)
[MS IEC 60664-3:2014, 3.1]
3.4 basic insulation
Insulation of hazardous-live-parts which provides basic protection.
NOTE The concept does not apply to insulation used exclusively for functional purposes.
(IEC 826-12-14)
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.17.2]
2 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

3.5 clearance
Shortest distance in air between two conductive parts.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.2]
3.6 coating
Insulating material such as varnish or dry film laid on the surface of the assembly.
NOTE Coating and base material of a printed board form an insulating system that may have
properties similar to solid insulation.
[IEC 60664-3:2005, 3.5]
3.7 conductor
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Single conductive path in a conductive pattern.
[MS IEC 60664-3:2014, 3.3]

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3.8 creepage distance
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Shortest distance along the surface of a solid insulting material between two conductive parts.
(IEV 151-15-50)
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[IEC 60664-1:2007, 3.3]

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3.9 double insulation

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Insulation comprising both basic insulation and supplementary insulation.
(IEC 826-12-16)
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[IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.17.4]
3.10 electrical breakdown
Failure of insulation under electric stress when the discharge completely bridges the
insulation, thus reducing the voltage between the electrodes almost to zero
[IEC 60664-1:2007, 3.20]
3.11 electrical field strength (E)
Voltage gradient per unit length usually expressed in kV/mm.
[MS IEC 60664-4:2014, 3.7]

11E040R0 j
3.12 environment
Surrounding which may affect performance of a device or system.

NOTE Examples are pressure, temperature, humidity, pollution, radiation, vibration.
(IEC 151-16-03, modified)
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.12]
3.13 flashover
Electrical breakdown along a surface of solid insulation located in a gaseous or liquid

medium.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.20.2]
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3.14 functional insulation
Insulation between conductive parts which is necessary only for the proper functioning of the
equipment.
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[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.17.1]
3.15 homogeneous field

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Electric field which has an essentially constant voltage gradient between electrodes (uniform
field), such as that between two spheres where the radius of each sphere is greater than the
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distance between them.

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NOTE The homogeneous field condition is referred to as case B.

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[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.14]
3.16 impulse withstand voltage

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Highest peak value of impulse voltage of prescribed form and polarity which does not cause
breakdown of insulation under specified conditions.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.8.1]
3.17 inhomogeneous field
Electric field which does not have an essentially constant voltage gradient between electrodes
(non-uniform field).
NOTE 1 The inhomogeneous field condition of a point-plane electrode configuration is the worst case
with regard to voltage withstand capability and is referred to as case A. It is represented by a point
electrode having a 30 m radius and a plane of 1 m x 1 m.
NOTE 2 For frequencies exceeding 30 kHz the field is considered to be inhomogeneous when the
radius of curvature of the conductive parts is less than 20% of the clearance.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.15, modified, and IEC 60664-4:2005, 3.2]

3.18 insulation
The part of an electrotechnical product which separates the conducting parts at different
electrical potentials.
(IEV 212-01-05)
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.17]
a) nature of the supply available (a.c. or d.c.).
3.19 insulation coordination
Mutual correlation of insulation characteristics of electrical equipment taking into account the
expected micro-environment and other influencing stresses.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.1, modified]
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3.20 macro-environment
Environment of the room or other location in which the equipment is installed or used.
[MS IEC 60664-1:20014, 3.12.1] m

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3.21 micro-environment
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Immediate environment of the insulation which particularly influences the dimensioning of the
creepage distances
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[IEC 60664-1:2007, 3.12.2]

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3.22 overvoltage
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Any voltage having a peak value exceeding the corresponding peak value of maximum
steady-state voltage at normal operating conditions.
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[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.7]

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3.23 overvoltage category
Numeral defining at transient overvoltage condition.

[IEC 60664-1:2007, 3.10, modified]
3.24 partial discharge (PD)
Electric discharge that partially bridges the insulation.

[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.18]

11E040R0 j
3.25 partial discharge inception voltage (Ui)
Lowest peak value of the test voltage at which the apparent charge becomes greater than the
specified discharge magnitude when the test voltage is increased above a low value for which
no discharge occurs.
NOTE For a.c. tests the r.m.s. value may be used.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.18.4]
3.26 pollution
Any addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid, or gaseous that can result in a reduction of electric
strength or surface resistivity of the insulation.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.11]
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3.27 pollution degree
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Numeral characterizing the expected pollution of the micro-environment.
[IEC 60664-1:2007, 3.13]

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3.28 printed board
General term for completely processed printed circuit and printed wiring configurations.
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NOTE This includes single-sided, double-sided and multilayer boards with rigid, flexible, and rigid-flex
base materials.
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[IEC 60664-3:2003, 3.2]

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3.29 protection
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Any kind of measure which reduces the influence of the environment.

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[MS IEC 60664-3:2014, 3.4]
3.30 r.m.s. withstand voltage
Highest r.m.s. value of a voltage which does not cause breakdown of insulation under
specified conditions.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.8.2]
3.31 rated impulse voltage
Impulse withstand voltage value assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment or to a part
of it, characterizing the specified withstand capability of its insulation against transient
overvoltages.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.9.2]

3.32 rated insulation voltage
r.m.s. withstand voltage value assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment or to a part of
it, characterizing the specified (long-term) withstand capability of its insulation.
NOTE The rated insulation voltage is not necessarily equal to the rated voltage of equipment which is
primarily related to functional performance
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.9.1]
3.33 rated recurring peak voltage
Recurring peak withstand voltage value assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment or to
a part of it, characterizing the specified withstand capability of its insulation against recurring
peak voltages.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.9.3]
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3.34 rated temporary overvoltage
Temporary withstand overvoltage value assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment, or to
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a part of it, characterizing the specified short-term withstand capability of its insulation against
a.c. voltages.
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[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.9.4]
3.35 rated voltage

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Value of voltage assigned by the manufacturer, to a component, device or equipment and to

which operation and performance characteristics are referred.
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NOTE Equipment may have more than one rated voltage value or may have a rated voltage range.
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[MS IEC 60664-1:20014, 3.9]
3.36 recurring peak voltage (Urp)

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Maximum peak value of periodic excursions of the voltage waveform resulting from distortions
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of an a.c. voltage or from a.c. components superimposed on a d.c. voltage.
NOTE Random overvoltages, for example due to occasional switching, are not considered to be
recurring peak voltages.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.6]
3.37 recurring peak withstand voltage
Highest peak value of a recurring voltage which does not cause breakdown of insulation
under specified conditions.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.8.3]

11E040R0 j
3.38 reinforced insulation
Insulation of hazardous-live-parts which provides a degree of protection against electric shock

equivalent to double insulation.
NOTE Reinforced insulation may comprise several layers which cannot be tested singly as basic
insulation or supplementary insulation.
(IEC 826-12-17)
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.17.5]
3.39 routine test
Test to which each individual device is subjected during or after manufacture to ascertain
whether it complies with certain criteria.
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[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.19.2]
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3.40 sampling test
Test on a number of devices taken at random from a batch.

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[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.19.3]
3.41 solid insulation

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Solid insulating material interposed between two conductive parts.

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NOTE In the case of a printed board with a coating, solid insulation consists of the board itself as well
as the coating. In other cases, solid insulation consists of the encapsulating material.
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[MS IEC 60664-3:2014, 3.6]

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3.42 spacing
Any combination of clearances, creepage distances and insulation distances through

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insulation.
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[MS IEC 60664-3:2014, 3.7]
3.43 specified discharge magnitude
Magnitude of the apparent charge which is regarded as the limiting value according to the
objective of this standard.
NOTE The pulse with the maximum amplitude should be evaluated.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.18.2]

3.44 supplementary insulation
Independent insulation applied in addition to basic insulation for fault protection.
(IEV 826-12-15)
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.17.3]
3.45 temporary overvoltage
Overvoltage at power frequency of relatively long duration.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.7.1]
3.46 temporary withstand overvoltage
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Highest r.m.s. value of a temporary overvoltage which does not cause breakdown of
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insulation under specified conditions.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.8.4]
3.47 test m
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Technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a
given product, process or service according to a specified procedure.
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(ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996, 13.1)

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NOTE A test is carried out to measure or classify a characteristic or a property of an item by applying
to the item a set of environmental and operating conditions and/or requirements.
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(IEV 151-16-13)
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.19]

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3.48 transient overvoltage

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Short duration overvoltage of a few milliseconds or less, oscillatory or non-oscillatory, usually

highly damped.
(IEV 604-03-13)
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.7.2]
3.49 type test
Test of one or more devices made to a certain design to show that the design meets certain
specifications.
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.19.1]

11E040R0 j
3.50 peak value (Upeak)
Peak value of any type of periodic peak voltage across the insulation.
[MS IEC 60664-4:2014, 3.3]
3.51 water adsorption
Capability of insulating material to adsorb water on its surface.
[IEC 60664-5:2007, 3.1]
3.52 withstand voltage
Voltage to be applied to a specimen under prescribed test conditions which does not cause
breakdown and/or flashover of a satisfactory specimen.
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(IEV 212-01-31)
[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.8]
3.53 working voltage m

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Highest r.m.s. value of the a.c. or d.c. voltage across any particular insulation which can occur
when the equipment is supplied at rated voltage.
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NOTE 1 Transients are disregarded

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NOTE 2 Both open-circuit conditions and normal operating conditions are taken into account
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[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.5]

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4 Principles and practical application of the MS IEC 60664 series for

insulation dimensioning of LV equipment
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4.1 Basic principles
Insulation coordination implies the selection of the electric insulation characteristics of the
equipment with regard to its application and in relation to its surroundings.
Insulation coordination can only be achieved if the design of the equipment is based on the
stresses to which it is likely to be subjected during its anticipated lifetime regarding voltage
and micro-environmental conditions.
With regard to voltage, due to consideration shall be made to the following:
a) the voltages which can appear within the low-voltage supply system, including working
voltage (RMS and peak), temporary overvoltage (peak) and impulse voltages (peak);
b) the voltages generated by the equipment (which could adversely affect other equipment
in the low-voltage supply system);

c) the frequency of the steady-state voltage. For frequencies up to and including 30 kHz, MS
IEC 60664-1 is sufficient, above 30 kHz, MS IEC 60664-4 also needs to be taken into
account;
d) the degree of continuity of service desired, and
e) the safety of person and property, so that the probability of undesired incidents due to
voltage stresses does not lead to an unacceptable risk of harm.
Insulation coordination applies to equipment which is connected to the public low-voltage

systems. However, it is recommended to use the same principles for all other low-voltage
systems which have no connection to the public low-voltage system. In those cases, however,
other overvoltage categories and temporary overvoltages may be applicable for such
equipment.
NOTE Technical committees using the MS IEC 60664 series should determine the appropriate
maximum impulse voltage likely to occur in their application. This includes the nature of the source,
distribution of the source, physical location (indoor/outdoor) and length of cabling, etc. Special attention
is given to the fact that the impulse withstand voltage occurring on the non-mains system does not
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necessarily depend on the voltage. For certain applications, a minimum impulse withstand voltage
independent of the voltage should be considered by technical committees.
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Insulation coordination is also applicable to specially protected areas, e.g. as described in MS
IEC 60079. In such cases, however, additional requirements are applicable, in particular with
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respect to the specification of the overvoltage category and the environmental conditions.
4.2 Coordination of overvoltage categories inside equipment

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For equipment which is directly energized by the mains, the following coordination with
respect to transient overvoltages originating from the mains is used:
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a) for circuits directly energized by the mains, the overvoltage category of the equipment is
b
used for dimensioning;

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b) circuits that are energized from the secondary of an isolation transformer, where the
secondary winding is earthed, or from a transformer employing an earth screen between
primary and secondary, are not considered directly energized by the mains and an
impulse withstand voltage is applicable one step lower in the preferred series of rated
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impulse voltage of 4.2.3 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
NOTE 1 A step can be considered within the numerals of the overvoltage categories or within the
lines of Table F.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2014
NOTE 2 The transfer ratio of the transformer is not taken into account for the choice of the
overvoltage category.
If surge protective devices (SPDs) are used to apply a lower overvoltage category for a circuit
not directly energized by the mains, but inside the equipment, it is necessary to verify the
correct performance of such circuits by an appropriate test using a hybrid generator with a
virtual impedance of 2 .
NOTE 3 The correct function of the surge protective device (SPD) depends upon the series
impedance within the relevant circuit. Therefore, a test of the SPD in the relevant circuit is required.

11E040R0 j
4.3 Practical use of the IEC 60664 series for the dimensioning of clearances
4.3.1 General
All values in MS IEC 60664-1 or MS IEC 60664-5 are minimum values. These need to be
maintained for the whole life of the equipment, taking into account manufacturing tolerances.
Additionally, particular situations such as assembly on site of large equipment, e.g. wiring or
protective conductive enclosure added on site, need to be considered regarding necessary
tolerances.
NOTE 1 When dimensioning clearances to accessible surfaces of insulating material, such surfaces
are assumed to be covered by metal foil. Further details can be specified by technical committees.
For clearances which are designed between case A and case B values according to MS IEC
60664-1, a voltage test is required in any case in order to check that no flashover occurs over
the clearance. If this test is carried out with impulse voltage within complete equipment, a very
low impedance of the generator can be required. For this purpose, a hybrid generator with a
virtual impedance of 2  may be appropriate. However, in any case a measurement of the
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correct test voltage directly at the clearance is required.
NOTE 2 It is recommended to apply case A during design. If not possible, impulse testing is
necessary.
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NOTE 3 In practice, some design may exist that lie in between the situation described in case A and
case B. In this case, TCs should pay attention to 6.1.2.2.1.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007.
NOTE 4 Case A is the most unfavourable case where the electrical field is absolutely inhomogeneous
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between a sharp needle and a plane surface. Casa B is the most favourable case where the electrical
field is completely homogeneous between two plane surfaces. This case can never be reached in a real
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design.
4.3.2 Practical use of Tables F.2 and F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 for the dimensioning
b
of clearances
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4.3.2.1 General
Clearances are dimensioned to withstand the required impulse withstand voltage either:
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a) by requiring dimensions of not less than case A values; or
b) by requiring verification by an impulse test (see 6.1.2.2.1.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007).
Clearances of basic and supplementary insulation are each dimensioned as specified in

Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 corresponding to:
a) the rated impulse voltage, according to 4.3.3.3 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 or 4.3.3.4.1Sof

IEC 60664-1:2007; or
b) the impulse withstand voltage requirements according to 4.3.3.4.2 of MS IEC

60664-1:2007.
Clearances of reinforced insulation are dimensioned as specified in Table F.2 of IEC 60664-
1:2007 corresponding to the rated impulse voltage but one step higher in the preferred series
of values in 4.2.3 of IEC 60664-1:2007 than that specified for basic insulation.

If the impulse withstand voltage required for basic insulation according to 4.3.3.4.2 of IEC
60664-1:2007 is other than a value taken from the preferred series, reinforced insulation is
dimensioned to withstand 160% of the impulse withstand voltage required for basic insulation.
NOTE 1 The rated impulse voltage specified in Table F.1 of IEC 60664-1:2007 depends on the
appropriate overvoltage category. Overvoltage category I is not applicable to any circuit directly
energized by the mains.
NOTE 2 In the case of d.c. voltage, the rated impulse voltage can also be chosen from Table F.1 in
IEC 60664-1:2007. The overvoltage category can be chosen with the same rules used by TCs for a.c.
systems.
For equipment directly connected to the supply mains, the required impulse withstand voltage
is the rated impulse voltage established on the basis of 4.3.3.3 of IEC 60664-1:2007.
Clearances are dimensioned according to Table F.7a of IEC 60664-1:2007 to withstand the
peak value of the steady-state voltage (d.c. or 50/60 Hz), the temporary overvoltage or the
recurring peak voltage. The dimensioning according to Table F.7 is compared with Table F.2,
of IEC 60664-1:2007 taking into account the pollution degree. The larger clearance is
t
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selected.
NOTE 3 However, it is recommended to introduce a safety margin for the dimensioning according to
m
Table F.7 of IEC 60664-1:2007 since this table provides a minimum dimensioning with respect to
steady-state voltages.
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It is recommended that technical committees consider the consequences of a flashover in a
d.c. low-voltage system in order to decide whether it is necessary to introduce appropriate
safety measures.
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NOTE 4 An equipment directly energized by the mains can be either a fixed equipment directly
connected to the mains or a normally plugged equipment energized from the mains through a plug and
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socket-outlet.
NOTE 5 It can be observed from the following example, applicable to most equipment used within an
b
electrical installation directly connected to 230/400 V three-phase system, that the rated impulse voltage
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as specified in Table F.1 of IEC 60664-1:2007 is the highest overvoltage to be withstood by the
equipment and leads to the appropriate dimensioning for clearances of basic insulation.
a) EXAMPLE: A single-phase equipment, with a rated voltage equal to 250 V, directly connected
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to mains, 230 V between line and neutral, overvoltage category III, shall withstand a rated
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impulse voltage of 4 kV according to Table F.1 of IEC 60664-1:2007. The clearance shall
therefore be 3 mm according to Table F.2 Case A, of IEC 60664-1:2007.
b) The peak voltage for the steady-state voltage and the recurring peak voltages in this particular
example have the same value, this is the peak voltage of the mains: 353 V and leads to a
clearance 0,013 mm long according to Table F.7 Case A, of IEC 60664-1:2007.
c) The temporary overvoltage is given in 5.3.3.2.3 of IEC 60664-1:2007 for short-term temporary
overvoltages as follows: Un +1 200V. The peak voltage is therefore 2,050 kV and leads to a
clearance 1,27 mm long according to Table F.7 Case A, of IEC 60664-1:2007
d) The length of the clearance for the basic insulation is therefore dimensioned according to the
rated impulse voltage.

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The pollution degree does not have a strong influence on the dimensioning of clearances. It
can be observed from Table F.2 of IEC 60664-1:2007 that, above a certain minimum value,
the same distances are given for clearances whatever the chosen pollution degree. However,
the pollution degree cannot be ignored for small clearances where pollution such as solid
particles, dust and condensation could bridge the air gap.
NOTE 6 More details regarding dimensioning of clearances for distances lower than 2mm are given in
IEC 60664-5 which taken into account humidity. See Clause 7 of this application guide for examples.
With respect to steady-state voltages, recurring peak voltages and temporary overvoltages
clearances of reinforced insulation is dimensioned as specified in Table F.7a of MS IEC
60664-1:2014 to withstand 160% of the withstand voltage required for basic insulation.
NOTE 7 It should be noted that while clearance for reinforced insulation is dimensioned with respect
to 160% of the temporary overvoltage for basic and supplementary insulation, the test voltage for
verification of the clearance of the reinforced insulation is twice the voltage of the test voltage for
verification of basic and supplementary insulation.
t
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4.3.2.2 Design for high altitude above 2 000 m
The dimensioning of clearances aims to choose an air distance able to withstand the
m
maximum peak voltage across the air gap between two parts at different voltages. According
to Paschen’s law, the behaviour of air to withstand a maximum voltage value is in relationship
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with air pressure. Table s F.2 and F.7 of IEC 60664-1:2007 have been drafted up to 2 000 m.
Correction factors for altitudes above 2 000 m are given in Table A.2 of IEC 60664-1:2007.
When these correction factors for altitudes above 2 000 m are applied for determining the
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clearances, also the test voltage for the impulse voltage test is corrected accordingly.
Therefore, the test voltage for the impulse voltage test is determined with the interpolation of
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Table A.2 of IEC 60664-1:2007 and applying the formulas of 6.1.2.2.1.3 of IEC 60664-1:2007.
b
4.3.3 Practical use of Tables 2 and 3 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014 for the dimensioning
of clearances
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For clearances requiring distances equal to or less than 2 mm for basic insulation, the
dimensioning provided in IEC 60664-5 is more precise than that provided in MS IEC 60664-1.
r
Fo
However, if the precision provided in MS IEC 60664-5 is not required, MS IEC 60664-1 may
be applied instead.
A flashover across a clearance is induced by the peak value of the maximum voltage
occurring across it. The purpose is therefore to choose the peak value of the maximum
voltage that could occur across the clearance under rated condition in accordance with the
manufacturer’s declaration. The required impulse voltage for circuits directly energized by
low-voltage mains can be directly read in Table F.1 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
The choice of the pollution degree shall be made in accordance with the normal use of
equipment within the macro-environment.

Humidity is an influencing parameter for pollution degrees. MS IEC 60664-5, for distances
equal to or less than 2 mm, focuses on humidity which leads to conductivity and possibly
flashover. This aspect is taken into account in 4.4.3 of this application guide during the
dimensioning of creepage distances with respect to flashover according to Table 5 of MS IEC
60664-5:2007.
NOTE 1 A relationship between humidity levels and relative humidity of the microenvironment is given
in Table 1 in MS IEC 60664-5:2014
The dimensioning of clearance with respect to transient overvoltages is specified in Table 2 of

MS IEC 60664-5:2014. The minimum clearances in Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 for
pollution degrees 2, 3 (and 4) have been deleted. Instead of the minimum clearance the more
precise dimensioning described in 4.4.3 of this application guide with respect to the possible
flashover of the parallel creepage distance according to Table 5 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014 is
used.
For the dimensioning of clearances with respect to steady-state voltages the manufacturer
t
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assesses the maximum peak value of the steady-state voltage, temporary overvoltage or
recurring peak voltage, and chooses the appropriate value from Table 3 in MS IEC 60664-
5:2007.
m
NOTE 2 Considerations made on Case A and Case B for Table F.2 in 5.1.3 in MS IEC 60664-1:2007
om
and for Table 2 in MS IEC 60664-5:2014 also apply for this table.
NOTE 3 However, it is recommended to introduce a safety margin for the dimensioning according to
Table 3 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014 since this table provides a minimum dimensioning with respect to
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This value is compared to the value according to the procedure applicable in Table 2 of MS
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IEC 60664-5:2014.
b
4.4 Practical use of the MS IEC 60664 series for the dimensioning of creepage
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distances
4.4.1 General
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The dimensioning values in MS IEC 60664-1 do not take into account the aspect of the
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minimum insulation resistance. Therefore, in particular within electronic equipment for

functional reasons, it may be required to use a larger dimensioning or to improve the micro-
environment at the creepage distance. Information for dimensioning with regard to minimum
insulation resistance is given in Table A.1 and Table A.2 of MS IEC 60664-5:2007.
For creepage distances on printed wiring material only used under pollution degree 1 and 2, a
reduced dimensioning is applicable according to MS IEC 60664-1. Attention is drawn on the
possible reduction or other path of creepage distances due to the components.
The dimensioning of creepage distances according to MS IEC 60664-5 with respect to

tracking and to flashover along the surface of the material for distances equal or lower than 2
mm can lead to a reduction of the distances.

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4.4.2 Practical use of Table F.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 and Table 4 of MS IEC 60664-
5:2014 for the dimensioning of creepage distances
It is assumed that dry pollution at the surface of a material is generally not conductive.
However, presence of water at the surface of the material modifies the conductivity of the
pollution. A higher conductivity allows circulation of current at the surface of the materials,
either between live parts and earth. These currents are called tracking currents. During drying
out, the tracking current will break causing surface scintillation whose high temperature
(around 1 200 C) is the origin of degradation of the surface of the insulating material. This
phenomenon entails tracking.
NOTE It is obvious that pollution degree 4 cannot be used for the dimensioning of creepage distances
since the surface is continuously conductive.
There are some materials, such as ceramic and glass, which do not track because the
scintillation cannot break the chemical bonds at the surface of the material. Experience has
t
shown that materials having a higher relative performance with regard to tracking also have
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approximately the same relative ranking according to the comparative tracking index (CTI).
The CTI can be measured with the method given in IEC 60112.
m
For practical reasons, MS IEC 60664-1 introduces four different material groups:
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a) material group I: 600  CTI;
b) material group II: 400  CTI < 600;

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c) material group IIIa: 175  CTI < 400; and

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d) material group IIIb: 100  CTI < 175.

b
From the above explanation, Table F.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 can be used as follows:
Pu
a) first step: to choose the most appropriate pollution degree according to the normal use of
the equipment;
r
b) second step: to choose one insulating material and to allocate it to a material group based
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on its CTI;
c) third step: to assess the highest value of the long-term r.m.s voltage across the creepage
distance. This highest value can be either the working voltage or the highest rated voltage
if the equipment has several rated voltages. In the case of d.c. rated voltage, the
equivalent rated r.m.s voltage is chosen in Table F.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007; and
d) fourth step: to read the value given at the cross of the chosen column with the chosen
line.
At this stage, there are two cases to be considered. Either the creepage distance is greater
than the associated clearance or is smaller than the associated clearance.
a) If the creepage distance is greater than the associated clearance, no further test is
needed; or

b) if the creepage distance is smaller than the required clearance and if the field is in
between an homogeneous and an inhomogeneous case (between Case A and Case B of
Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 and Table F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014), the
associated clearance is tested according to 6.1.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 in order to
check that no flashover occurs over the associated clearance (see 5.2.2.6 in MS IEC
60664-1:2014).
This can be explained as follow:
When the electric field is homogeneous (Case B), Tables F.2 and F.7 of MS IEC
60664-1:2014 give the shortest clearance able to withstand the specified voltage. Therefore, it
is not possible to reduce the creepage to a lower value than the clearance value read in
Tables F.2 and F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007. However, in practice, the electric field is
generally inhomogeneous but not as inhomogeneous as the one described for Case A in
Tables F.2 and F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007. It is therefore possible that the actual electrical
field conditions over the clearance associated with the creepage distance allow the equipment
under test to withstand the maximum voltage stress. This shall be checked with an impulse
t
voltage test.
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4.4.3 Practical use of Table 5 in MS IEC 60664-5:2014 for dimensioning of creepage
distances
m
In the presence of humidity, a surface-related phenomenon, called water adsorption, may trap
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water at the surface of the insulating materials leading to a higher risk of flashover. Insulating
materials can be ranked with regard to water adsorption ability. A test provided in Annex B of
MS IEC 60664-5:2014 allows classification of insulating materials with regard to water
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adsorption. There are four water adsorption groups (WAG) of materials.
The presence of water at the surface of materials depends on the WAG and of the humidity
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level (HL). The risk of flashover along the creepage distance at the surface of the insulating
material increase with the HL and with the ability of the insulating material to trap water.
b
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For HL1, the dimensioning of the clearances requirements according to Tables 2 and 3 of MS
IEC 60664-5:2007 is applicable because the influence of water does not increase significantly
the risk of flashover For HL2 and HL3, Table 5 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014 shows the
dimensioning of the creepage distances with regard to the WAG in order to avoid flashover.
r
Since the flashover along the surface occurs in air, Table 5 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014 is valid
Fo
for altitudes up to 2 000 m above sea level. Above 2 000m, the altitude correction factor given
in MS IEC 60664-1 is used
The creepage distance is the higher value in Tables 4 and 5 in MS IEC 60664-5:2014. In any
case it is obvious, that for homogeneous field conditions, the creepage distance cannot be
less than the associated clearance. For inhomogeneous field conditions, a creepage distance
less than the associated clearance required in Table 2 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014 may only be
used under HL 1 and HL 2.
Such dimensioning shall be verified with an impulse voltage test.
NOTE In the case of d.c. voltage, the peak value chosen in Table 5 of IEC 60664-5:2007 is the
maximum d.c. voltage across the creepage distance.

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4.4.4 Practical use of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 for checking the dimensioning of creepage
distances with regard to time under voltage stress.
The creepage distances shown in Table F.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 have been determined
for insulation intended to be under continuous voltage stress for a long time.
NOTE 1 Technical committees responsible for equipment in which insulation is under voltage
stress for only a short time may consider allowing shorter creepage distances than those specified in
Table F.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
Creepage distances of basic and supplementary insulation are selected from Table F.4 of MS
IEC 60664-1:2014 for:
a) the rationalized voltages given in columns 2 and 3 of Table F.3a of MS IEC 60664-
1:20014 and columns 2,3 and 4 of Table F.3b of MS IEC 60664-1:2014, corresponding to
the nominal voltage of the supply low-voltage mains;
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b) the rated insulation voltage according to 4.3.2.2.1 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014;and
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c) the voltage specified in 4.3.2.2.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
m
NOTE 2 For supplementary insulation, the pollution degree, insulating material, mechanical stresses
and environmental conditions of use may be different from those of basic insulation.
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Creepage distances for reinforced insulation is twice the creepage distance for basic
insulation from Table F.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
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4.4.5 Practical use of MS IEC 60664-3:2014 for the reduction of micro-environmental

conditions for the dimensioning of creepage distances
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Dimensioning of spacings between conductors depends on environmental conditions.

b
Regarding tracking, the choice of the pollution degree is linked to macro-environmental

conditions.
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The macro-environment influences the micro-environment at the surface of the insulating

material. Without any protective measure, the micro-environmental conditions are the same
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as those of the macro-environment.

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It is possible to improve the micro-environmental conditions at the insulation surface by the

use of coating, potting or moulding as described in MS IEC 60664-3:2014. This protection
provides a move favourable micro-environmental condition, allowing a reduction a clearances
and creepage distances.
NOTE MS IEC 60664-3 deals mainly with evaluation and testing of the use of coating on PWBs. The
standard also covers evaluation and testing when protection is realized by means of potting or moulding.
In the latter case, technical committees should carefully consider the relevance of the verification and
test procedures described in MS IEC 60664-3. Modifications to the verification and test procedures
might be relevant to reflect the specific application.
MS IEC 60664-3 describes the requirements and test procedures for two methods of
permanent protection applicable to all kinds of protected printed boards, including the surface
of inner layers of multi-layer boards, substrates and similarly protected assemblies.

The two types of protection are as follows:
a) Type 1 protection improves the micro-environment of the parts under protection. The
dimensioning of clearances and creepage distances under protection follows the distance
requirements of MS IEC 60664-1 or MS IEC 60664-4 for pollution degree 1. Between two
conductive parts, it is a requirement that one or both conductive parts, together with all
the spacings between them, are covered by this protection.
b) Type 2 protection is considered to be similar to solid insulation. Under this protection, the
requirements for solid insulation specified in IEC 60664-1 are applicable and the
spacings are not less than those specified in Table 1 of MS IEC 60664-3:2014. The
requirement for clearances and creepage distances in MS IEC 60664-1 or MS IEC
60664-5 do not apply. Between two conductive parts, it is a requirement that both
conductive parts, together with all the spacings between them, are covered by this
protection so that no air gap exists between the protective material, the conductive parts
and the printed board.
NOTE Above 30 kHz, the additional requirements of IEC 60664-4 for solid insulation are applicable for
t
Type 2 protection.
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4.5 Practical use of the MS IEC 60664 series for the dimensioning of solid insulation
4.5.1 General
m
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Sometimes, solid insulation is designed according to the breakdown data supplied by the
manufacturers of insulating material. When using such date, it has to be taken into account
that these have been obtained under particular and rather favourable conditions:
C
a) usually homogeneous field distribution has been provided;

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b) usually ambient room temperature has been applied during testing;

b
c) usually short-time testing has been performed; and

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d) in many cases d.c. voltage has been used for testing.
The general influence of the time of testing on the breakdown voltage is shown in Figure 1.
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The time scale applies to the power-frequency voltage.

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Key
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s second; d days; y years; t time; U voltage
range 1 electrical breakdown
range 2 breakdown caused by excessive heating m

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range 3 breakdown caused by ageing (i. e. by partial discharges)
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Figure 1 Breakdown voltage of solid insulation depending upon the time of voltage
stress
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Compared to the conditions, within real equipment, such data can deviate by orders of
magnitude from the long-term withstand capability of such insulation. Therefore, this data
b
cannot be used directly for dimensioning of solid insulation.

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With regard to insulation coordination as described in IEC 60664-1, in general a design of

solid insulation according to the thickness and the relevant breakdown field strength is only
possible if:
r
Fo
a) the field distribution is homogeneous and if not voids or air gaps are present within the
insulation system (see IEC 60664-4 for high-frequency voltage stress); or
b) provide separation from combustible materials.
4.5.2 Coordination of clearances and solid insulation
In many cases, clearances and solid insulation are stressed by the same voltage. In such a
case, the dimensioning should take into account that, in contrast to solid insulation,
clearances are self restoring. Therefore, the withstand capability of the clearances should be
lower than that of the solid insulation so that breakdown of the clearance occurs before the
solid insulation can be damaged.

4.5.3 Practical information for checking the correct dimensioning of solid insulation
4.5.3.1 Dimensioning according to the breakdown field strength
In principle, dimensioning of solid insulation may be based on the breakdown field strength
data. This, however, requires knowledge of such data for the practical conditions of use, i.e.
long-term voltage stress and the additional influence of aggravating effects like increased
ambient temperature, humidity and mechanical stress. Even if such data is available, simple
dimensioning rules can be only be established if the field distribution inside the solid insulation
is nearly homogeneous; otherwise, the field strength inside the solid insulation cannot be
calculated.
EXAMPLE:
Epeak breakdown field strength of the solid insulation (peak value): 45kV/mm; (specified by the
manufacturer of the insulating material);
t
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d thickness of the solid insulation: 0,1 mm;
Upeak maximum voltage stress (peak value): 4,5kV
m
However, if air gaps are included within the solid insulation, this procedure can be greatly
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misleading in practice, see 4.5.3.4.2.
This is caused by the inhomogeneous voltage distribution within such an insulation system
and the lower withstand capability of air, compared to that of the solid insulation (see
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4.5.3.4.2, in particular case b).

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4.5.3.2 Dimensioning according to testing
If the breakdown field strength of the solid insulation is not known for the conditions of the
b
intended use and/or if the field distribution inside the solid, insulation is not known, the correct
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performance of the solid insulation can only be shown by appropriate testing according to
6.1.3 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014. This also requires correct conditioning according to 6.1.3.2 of
MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
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The following tests may be applicable:

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a) The impulse voltage withstand test (see 6.1.3.3 of IEC 60664-1:2007) to verify the
capability of the solid insulation to withstand the rated impulse voltage (see 5.3.3.2.2 of
MS IEC 60664-1:2014).
b) The a.c. voltages test (see 6.1.3.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014) to verify the capability of the
solid insulation to withstand the highest voltage value from among the following:
i) short-term temporary overvoltage (see 5.3.3.2.3 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014);
ii) highest steady-state voltage; and
iii) the recurring peak voltage (see 5.3.3.2.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014).
If the peak value of the a.c. test voltage is equal to or higher than the rated impulse
voltage, the a.c. voltage test also covers the impulse voltage test.

11E040R0 j
Solid insulation has a different withstand characteristic compared to clearances if the

duration of stress is increased. In general, the withstand capability will be decreased
significantly. Therefore, the a.c. voltage test, which is specified for the verification of the
withstand capability of solid insulation, is not allowed to be replaced by an impulse
voltage test.
c) The partial discharge test (see 6.1.3.5 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014) to verify that no partial
discharges are maintained in the solid insulation:
i) at the highest steady-state voltage;
ii) at the long-term temporary overvoltage (see 5.3.3.2.3 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014); and
iii) at the recurring peak voltage (see 5.3.3.2.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014).
d) The high-frequency voltage test (see 6.1.3.7 in MS IEC 60664-1:2014) to verify the
t
absence of failure due to dielectric heating according to 5.3.3.2.5 of MS IEC 60664-
en
1:2014.
For equipment connected to different low-voltage mains, the following test voltages are
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applicable if the partial discharge test and the high-frequency voltage test are not considered
for simplification.
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Table 1 – Examples for rated voltage 100 V and 230 V and overvoltage category II
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Insulation Impulse voltage To cover impulse For the highest of the

(5.1.6 of MS (v) (6.1.3.3 of MS voltage test voltages mentioned
in 6.1.3.1 b)b of MS
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IEC 60664- IEC 60664-1:2007)

1:2007) IEC 60664-1:2007
AC voltage (V r.m.s)c AC voltage (V r.m.s)
b
6.1.3.4 of MS IEC
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60664-1:2007
Rated Time Rated voltage Time Rated voltage Time
voltage
100 V 230 100 V 230 100 V 230 V
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V V
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Basic and 800 2 566 1 60 sd 1 300 1 430 60 sd

supplementary (1 500) 500 (1 061) 768
Reinforced 1 500 4 1 061 2 2 600 2 860

(2 500) 000 (1 768) 828
a Five impulses of each polarity with an interval of at least 1 s between impulses.
b The voltages are the short-term temporary overvoltage, the highest steady-state voltage and the recurring
peak voltage. The values in the two columns are given for the short-term temporary overvoltage, which
usually is the most stringent requirement.
c The peak values of these voltages are equal to the rated impulse voltage.
d The test duration can be reduced to 5 s if the short-term temporary overvoltage does lead to the most
stringent requirements.
e The values in parenthesis are used for Japan. See footnote 5) of Table F.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2007.

4.5.3.3 Series connection of clearances and solid insulation
4.5.3.3.1 General
Three cases can be distinguished.
In the first case, the series connection of clearances and solid insulation is a consequence of
the product design. In this case, usually rather large clearances are addressed.
In the second case, the series connection of clearances and solid insulation is a result of the
particular design of the insulation system, e.g. the use of several layers of thin sheet
insulating material.
In this third case, the series connection of clearances and solid insulation is a result of the
imperfect manufacturing of the solid insulation, including the interface to the conductive parts.
t
In the latter two cases, rather small air gaps or small air bubbles are connected in series with
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the solid insulation. All three cases require a calculation of the voltage distribution across the
series connected insulators, according to the relevant impedances.
m
For d.c. voltage, these impedances are determined by the insulation resistances. As in air, the
insulation resistance is nearly infinite, the impedance of the air gap is much higher than that of
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the solid insulator. So, nearly the world d.c. voltage is applied across the clearance.
For a.c. voltage, the impedances of the series connected insulators are determined by their
C
capacitances. Usually, for rather low frequencies as considered in MS IEC 60664-1, the
dielectric losses do not need to be considered for the calculation of the voltage distribution.
Therefore, the permittivity of the solid insulator becomes a decisive influence on the voltage
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distribution.
b
For an easy calculation of the capacitive voltage distribution, those capacitances are
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considered as plate-to-plate capacitors with an homogeneous field distribution. This situation

is described in Figure 2:
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Fo
Key
d total distance
d1 clearance
d2 thickness of the solid insulation
Figure 2 Series connection of clearance and solid insulation

11E040R0 j
C1 and C2 form a capacitive voltage divider according to Figure 3 and the applied a.c. voltage
U0 is divided according to Equations (2) and (3) in the voltages U1 and U2.
Key
U0 applied a.c. voltage
t
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C1 capacitance of the clearance
U1 voltage across the clearance
C2 capacitance of the solid insulation

m
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U2 voltage across the solid insulation
Figure 3 Capacitive voltage divider

C
U0 = U1+U2 (1)
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U1 = U0 C2 (2)
b
C1 + C2
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U2 = U0 C1 (3)
C1 + C2
r
Fo
The capacitances C1 and C2 are given by Equations (4) and (5):
C1 = ɛ0 A (4)
d1
C2 = ɛ0 ɛr A (5)
d2
where
A is the area of the plate-to-plate capacitors C1 and C2;
0 is the permittivity of the air;
r is the permittivity of the solid insulation.

For the voltage division, the capacitance ratio as given in Equation (6) is relevant.
C1 = C2 d2 1 (6)
d1 ɛr
The breakdown field strength of the clearance (E1) can be computed using the a.c.
breakdown voltage and the corresponding clearance of Table A.1 of IEC 60664-1:2007. For
simplification, the examples given in this application guide are based on homogeneous field
conditions. The breakdown field strength of the solid insulation (E2) should be specified by the
manufacturer of the material.
A precise calculation of the voltage distribution is much more complicated to make and the
above formulae can only be considered as an approximation, taking info account
homogeneous field distribution, For small distances up to around 0,1 mm, this approximation
is rather precise. For rather large distances, it is not appropriate.
t
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4.5.3.3.2 Series connection of clearances and solid insulation by design
m
The following examples deal with the series connection of clearances and solid insulation as
designed within equipment.
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4.5.3.3.3 Series connection of clearances and solid insulation by design for d.c. voltage
For d.c. voltage as mentioned before, nearly the whole voltage is applied across the
C
clearance. So, the clearance alone is designed to withstand this voltage. In case of flashover
of the clearance, the whole voltage is applied to the solid insulation.
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Rule: In order to prevent any deterioration of the solid insulation in this situation, also the solid
insulation is also designed to withstand the entire voltage.
b
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4.5.3.3.4 Series connection of clearances and solid insulation by design for a.c.
voltage
For a.c. voltage, the voltage distribution is calculated according to the relevant capacitances.
r
Fo
In the following example, the dimensions are assumed according to the most likely situation
with a rather large clearance and a thin layer of solid insulation in series.
EXAMPLE:
d1 = 3 mm, d2 = 0,1 mm
r = 4,5
Application of Equation (6) results in C1 = 0,0074 C2
Application of Equation (2) results in U1 = 0,993 U0
Application of Equation (3) results in U2 = 0,007 U0
The result is that nearly the whole voltage is applied across the clearance. So the clearance
alone needs a dimensioning to withstand this voltage. In case of flashover of the clearance,
the whole voltage is applied to the solid insulation.

11E040R0 j
Rule: In order to prevent any deterioration of the solid insulation in this situation, the solid
insulation is also designed to withstand the entire voltage.
4.5.3.4 Series connection of clearances and solid insulation caused by air gaps or air
bubbles
The following examples deal with the series connection of clearances and solid insulation as
a result of the particular design of the insulation system, e.g. the use of several layers of thin
sheet insulating material, and/or as a result of the imperfect manufacturing of the solid
insulation, including the interface to the conductive parts. In these cases, rather small air gaps
or small air bubbles are connected in series with the solid insulation.
4.5.3.4.1 Series connection of clearances and solid insulation caused by air gaps or
air bubbles for d.c. voltage
For d.c. voltage, the relevant impedances are determined by the insulation resistances. As in
air the insulation resistance is nearly infinite, the impedance of the air gap is much higher than
t
that of the solid insulator. So nearly the whole d.c. voltage is applied across the clearance.
en
This can result in partial discharges within the clearance, which can deteriorate the
neighbouring solid insulation. However, the repetition frequency of these partial discharges is
very low, caused by the high recharging time for the voltage across the clearance. So, the
m
potential of deterioration id rather low and the time to failure will be rather long.
om
Due to the low repetition rate, partial discharge testing is very difficult for d.c. voltage stress.
4.5.3.4.2 Series connection of clearances and solid insulation caused by air gaps or
C
air bubbles for a.c. voltage
For a.c. voltage, the voltage distribution is calculated according to the relevant capacitances.
lic
For the following example, the dimensions are assumed according to the most likely situation
with a rather small clearance and a comparatively thick layer of solid insulation in series.
b
Pu
The following example gives a more realistic description of the situation than that addressed
in the example of 4.5.3.1.
EXAMPLE:
r
Fo
d = 0,1 mm
r = 4,5
E2peak = 45kV/mm
Case a)
d1 = 0,01 mm, d2 = 0,09 mm
E1peak = 33 kV/mm
NOTE 1 Computed, taking the relevant peak value of the a.c. breakdown voltage for the homogeneous
field distribution of Table A.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2007 for d1 = 0,01 mm.
Application of Equation (6) results in: C1 = 2 C2

Application of Equation (2) results in: U1 = 0,333 U0
The breakdown field strength E1 of the clearance is:
E1peak = U1 = 0.333 U0peak = 33 kV

d1 d1 mm
Thus, the breakdown of the clearance occurs at:
U0peak = E1peak d1 = 33 0.01 kV = 0.99 kV

0.333 0.333
This is likely to be the partial discharge inception voltage. For a.c. voltage stress, the
repetition frequency of the partial discharges is at least as high as the frequency of the
voltage. The potential of deterioration is therefore must higher than for d.c. voltage and failure
can occur during much shorter period of time. To avoid breakdown, in no case a peak value
t
en
of the steady-state voltage greater than 0,99kV shall occur across this insulation system.
According to the example of 4.5.3.1, a significantly higher performance of the solid insulation
m
with a peak value of the breakdown voltage of 4,5 kV would have been expected.
om
The conclusion is that every design of an insulation system, including air gaps caused by
using several layers of thin sheet insulation material and/or resulting from the imperfect
manufacturing of the solid insulation, should be verified that there is no risk of partial
discharge.
C
Case b)
lic
d1 = 0,05 mm, d2 = 0,05 mm

b
E1peak = 11,2 kV/mm

Pu
NOTE 2 Computed, taking the relevant peak value of the a.c. breakdown voltage for the homogeneous
field distribution of Table A.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2007 for d1 = 0,05 mm.
Application of Equation (6) results in: C1 = 0,222 C2

r
Fo

The breakdown field strength E1 of the clearance is:
E1peak ̳ U1 ̳ U0peak ̳ 11.2 kv

0.818
d1 d1 mm
Thus, the breakdown of the clearance occurs at:
U0peak ̳ E1peak d1 ̳ 11.2 0.05 kV ̳ 0.685 kV

0.818 0.818
This is likely to be the partial discharge inception voltage. So, in no case shall a peak value of
the steady-state voltage greater than 0,685 kV occur across this insulation system.

11E040R0 j
NOTE This value of 685 V should be compared with the value of 700 V given in 6.1.3.1 in MS IEC
60664-1:2007 as a requirement for the partial discharge test.
According to the example in 4.5.3.1, a much higher performance of the solid insulation with a
peak value of the breakdown voltage of 4,5 kV would have been expected. This shows that, in
particular rather large air gaps lead to a very poor performance of such insulation.
The conclusion is that every design of an insulation system, including air gaps caused by
using several layers of thin sheet insulation material and/or resulting from the imperfect
manufacturing of the solid insulation, should be verified so that there is no risk of partial
discharge.
4.6 Practical use of the MS IEC 60664 series for designing functional insulation
4.6.1 General
The minimum clearances, minimum creepage distances and minimum requirements for solid
t
insulation, which are specified in the MS IEC 60664 series, are also applicable for functional
en
insulation. For functional reasons, additional requirements may be applicable for instance with
respect to the minimum insulation resistance (see Annex A of MS IEC 60664-5:2014).
m
The withstand voltage requirements for functional insulation, however, can be different from
those required for basic insulation.
om
4.6.2 Dimensioning and testing of functional isolation compared to basic insulation
C
The principles for dimensioning of functional insulation are given in 4.1.
For a clearance of functional insulation, the required withstand voltage is the maximum
lic
impulse voltage (see Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014) or steady-state voltage (with
reference to Table F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014) or recurring peak voltage (see Table F.7 of
b
MS IEC 60664-1:2014) expected to occur across it, under rated conditions of the equipment,
Pu
and in particular the rated voltage and rated impulse voltage.
Creepage distances of functional insulation is dimensioned a specified in Table F.4 of MS IEC

60664-1:2014 corresponding to the working voltage across the creepage distance
r
considered.
Fo
If MS IEC 60664-5 is used, creepage distances of functional insulation is dimensioned

according to Table 4 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014 and the working voltage with respect to
tracking, and Table 5 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014 with respect to the highest peak voltage in
order to avoid flashover, the higher value being used.
When the working voltage is used for dimensioning, it is permitted to interpolate values for
intermediate voltages. In such a case, linear interpolation is used and values are rounded to
the same number of digits as those taken from the Tables.
In equipment which is under voltage stress for only a short time, creepage distances of
functional insulation may have a reduced dimensioning, for instance one voltage step lower
than specified in Table F.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.

Testing of functional insulation follow the same procedures as specified in 6.1 of MS IEC
60664-1:2014. The test voltages, however, can be different from those required for basic
insulation.
4.7 Practical use of the MS IEC 60664 series for dimensioning with respect to the
influence of the frequency of the voltage
4.7.1 General influence of the frequency on withstand characteristics
Within the scope of MS IEC 60664-1, it is considered that the influence of the frequency of the
voltage is covered by the minimum values given for frequencies up to and including 30 kHz.
For higher frequencies, a reduction of the withstand capability of any type of insulation needs
to be expected and taken into account for dimensioning.
For frequencies greater than 30 kHz and up to 10 MHz, MS IEC 60664-4 shall be applied
together with MS IEC 60664-1 or MS IEC 60664-5.
t
en
4.7.2 Influence of the frequency on the withstand characteristics of clearances
The withstand voltage capability within the scope of MS IEC 60664-4 will only be influenced
m
by the frequency for periodic voltages. For transient overvoltages, dimensioning according to
MS IEC 60664-1 or MS IEC 60664-5 is sufficient.
om
For frequencies exceeding 30 kHz within the scope of MS IEC 60664-4, the withstand voltage
capability of clearances with homogenous and approximately homogenous field distribution
C
can be reduced by up to 20%. For frequencies exceeding 30 kHz, an approximately

homogeneous field is considered to exist when the radius of curvature of the conductive parts
is equal to or greater than 20% of the clearance.
lic
Dimensioning for approximately homogeneous field distribution is carried out, taking into
b
account 125% of the required withstand voltage of the clearance according to the case A
Pu
values in Table F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 or Table 3 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014. No

withstand voltage test is required.
Dimensioning smaller than for approximately homogeneous field distribution (case A values in
r
Table F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 or Table 3 of MS IEC 60664-5:2014) requires a withstand

Fo
voltage test according to 6.1.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 or MS IEC 60664-5. However, the
minimum clearance cannot be smaller than which is obtained by taking into account 125% of
the required withstand voltage of the clearance according to the case B values in Table F.7 of
MS IEC 60664-1:2014 or Table 3 of MS EC 60664-5:2014.
For frequencies exceeding 30 kHz, an inhomogeneous field is considered to exist when the
radius of curvature of the conductive parts is less than 20% of the clearance. For
inhomogeneous field distribution, the reduction of the withstand voltage capability of
clearances can be much higher. Dimensioning for inhomogeneous field distribution is carried
out for the required withstand voltage of the clearance according to the values in Table 1 of
MS IEC 60664-4:2014. No withstand voltage test is required.
The dimensioning for inhomogeneous field and high voltage stress, >1 kV condition, leads to
impractical distances. It is therefore preferable to choose a design improving the field
distribution (approximately homogeneous field distribution).

11E040R0 j
4.7.3 Influence of frequency on the withstand characteristics of creepage distances
For frequencies of voltage greater than 30 kHz, in addition to tracking, thermal effects need to
be taken into account with respect to the withstand capability of creepage distances.
Dimensioning is performed both for the required r.m.s. withstand voltage of the creepage
distance according to the values in Table F.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 and for the required
peak withstand voltage according to the values in Table 2 of MS IEC 60664-4:2005. This
peak withstand voltage is the highest value of any periodic peak of the voltage across the
creepage distance. The greater of the distances is applicable.
In Table 2 of MS IEC 60664-4:2014, interpolation for the frequencies is allowed. The values in
Table 2 of MS IEC 60664-4:2014 are applicable for pollution degree 1. The creepage
distances for pollution degree 2 and 3 are found by using a multiplication factor of 1,2 for
pollution degree 2 respectively 1,4 for pollution degree 3.
The dimensioning according to Table 2 of MS IEC 60664-4:2014 is applicable for all insulating
t
materials which can be deteriorated by thermal effects. This includes typical base materials
en
for printed wiring boards made from epoxy resin. For insulating materials which cannot be
deteriorated by thermal effects and where no tracking needs to be expected, dimensioning
according to the clearance requirements, as described in 4.7.2, is sufficient.
4.7.4 m
Influence of frequency on the withstand characteristics of solid insulation
om
For frequencies greater than 30 kHz, the reduced withstand capability of solid insulation also
needs to be taken into account for dimensioning. This reduction is caused by two different
C
effects. The first effect is the increased heating of the solid insulating materials caused by
dielectric losses. This is a particular problem for materials with high loss factor as for instance
laminated paper. The second effect is the accelerated deterioration caused by the high
lic
frequency of partial discharges. Therefore, no partial discharges are permitted in normal

service conditions. In addition, a reduction of the partial discharge inception voltage with the
b
increase of the frequency needs to be taken into account.

Pu
For these reasons, precise dimensioning of solid insulation requires testing with high-
frequency voltage. However, such tests are difficult and require special equipment. Therefore,
in MS IEC 60664-4 also a simplified method of dimensioning of solid insulation based on
r
distance requirements is proposed.

Fo
This simplified method of dimensioning can be used instead of high-frequency testing

according to Clause 7 of MS IEC 60664-4:2014. It applies for a maximum frequency of the
voltage of 10 MHz, if the field strength is approximately uniform, not exceeding the specified
values according to Equation (7) or Figure 4 respectively and if no voids or air gaps are
present in between the solid insulation. In this context, the electric field is considered to be
approximately uniform if the deviations from the average value of the field strength are less
than 20%.
For thick layers of solid insulation of d1  0,75 mm, the peak value of the field strength E
needs to be equal or less than 2 kV/mm. For thin layers of solid insulation of d2  30m, the
peak value of the field strength needs to be equal to or less than 10 kV/mm. For d1 >d >d2,
Equation (7) is used for interpolation for a certain thickness d (see also Figure 4):

kV
0.25
E= + 1.667 mm (7)
d
t
en
m
om
C
lic
Key
b
E field strength
Pu
d thickness
Figure 4 Permissible field strength for dimensioning of solid insulation according to

Equation (7)
r
Fo
The use of the field strength for dimensioning of solid insulation requires an approximately
uniform field distribution with no voids or air gaps in between. If the field strength cannot be
calculated (because the field is not uniform), or if the peak value is higher than given from
Equation (7) or Figure 4, respectively, or if the presence of voids or air gaps cannot be
excluded of for frequencies higher than 10MHz, then a withstand test or a partial discharge
test with high-frequency voltage is required. The voltage withstand test applies to short-term
stresses; the partial discharge test applies to long term stresses according to 5.3.3.2.3 of MS
IEC 60664-1:2014.
In MS IEC 60664-3, two types of protection are used in order to achieve a smaller
dimensioning. Protection of type 2 is considered to be similar to solid insulation. As MS IEC
60664-3 is based on MS IEC 60664-1, the scope with respect to the frequency is limited to 30
kHz. Therefore, if type 2 protection is intended to be used for frequencies greater than 30
kHz, the additional requirement of MS IEC 60664-4 for solid insulation are applicable.

11E040R0 j
5 Four examples showing appropriate dimensioning of insulation

within equipment
5.1 General
Four examples for dimensioning of clearances are shown in Figure 5a to 5d, each figure
illustrating the most important factors influencing the dimensioning of clearances. These are
the rated voltages, the steady-state withstand voltages, the impulse withstand voltages, the
overvoltage category, the pollution degree and the type of insulation.
Some product standards do not specify the clearance values for circuits supplied by SELV.
Figures 5a to 5d show that the clearance is based on the overvoltage category determined
from the mains voltage and it is one impulse withstand voltage level lower after the
transformer. See 4.2 for further information.
There are four overvoltage categories given in 4.3.3.2 in MS IEC 60664-1:2014. The
overvoltage category is synonymous with the impulse withstand category used in MS IEC
t
en
60364-4-44. The rated impulse voltage of the equipment is selected corresponding to the
overvoltage category specified and the rated voltage of the equipment. See Tables F.1 and
F.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
m
There are for pollution degrees in the micro-environment given in 4.6.2 of MS IEC 60664-
om
1:2014.
In the following examples, overvoltage category III (Figures 5b and 5c) and overvoltage
category II (Figure 5d) and pollution degree 2 are used to illustrate the dimensioning of
C
clearances according to Tables F.2 and F.7 in MS IEC 60664-1:2014.

lic
In Figure 5b, the following applies for class I equipment:
a) For non-earthed circuits not directly connected to the mains (secondary part of the
b
transformer), the basic insulation is dimensioned for an impulse withstand voltage

Pu
identical to the circuit directly connected to the mains. (For reduction of the impulse
withstand voltage further details regarding the transformer are given in 4.2.)
In Figure 5c and 5d, the following applies for class II equipment:

r
Fo
b) For non-earthed circuits not directly connected to the mains (secondary part of the
transformer), basic insulation is dimensioned for an impulse withstand voltage reduced by
one step, compared to the circuit directly connected to the mains. (For reduction of the
impulse withstand voltage further details regarding the transformer are given in 4.2.)
Information for basic protection and basic insulation is given in IEC 61140.

When the stress voltage and disconnecting time in the LV equipment of the consumer’s
installation follows Table 44A, the neutral conductor of the LV system may be connected to
the earthing electrode of the exposed conductive parts of the transformer sub-station; and
if the condition a) above is not fulfilled, the neutral conductor of the LV system shall be
t
en
Key
L line conductor
m
om
N neutral conductor
PE protective conductor
C
Figure 5a Example 1 - Simple illustration of insulation system containing

functional, basic and reinforced/ double insulation for a class I equipment
b lic
r Pu
Fo

11E040R0 j
5.2 Examples for dimensioning of clearances for class I equipment according to MS

IEC 60664-1
Figure 5. Earthing in TT systems
5.1.3 Limitation of stress voltage in LV equipment of transformer sub-stations
t
Under the condition shown in TT-b of Figure 44C of IEC 60364-4-44, the stress voltage
en
appearing in the LV equipment of transformer sub-stations shall be disconnected in time
compatible with its insulation level.
m
om
IEC 230/11
Key
Protection against direct contact by means of non conductive enclosure connected
C
to protective earth (PE)
Figure 5b Example 2 - Dimensioning of clearances for class I equipment, based on

lic
overvoltage category III

b
Table 2 Example 2 - Dimensioning of clearances according to Table F.2 of

Pu
MS IEC 60664-1:2007 (pollution degree 2) (see example 2 of Figure 5b)
Example 2 Insulation Impulse withstand voltage Clearance

typea V mm
r
a Functional 4 000 3,0

Fo
b Basic 4 000 3,0

c Functional 4 000 3,0
d Reinforced 6 000 5,5
e Basic 4 000 3,0
f Functional 800b 0,2b
a
Applicable to TN system.
b
According to a voltage line to neutral of 50 V.
For circuits protected against overvoltage by means of a surge protective device, the
clearance for functional insulation (a and c) may be designed to a smaller value than that
specifies for case A in Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007.
In this case, however, an impulse withstand test with required impulse withstand voltage in
necessary. The impulse test generator shall have a low impedance of 2 .
The clearance for reinforced insulation is based on Table F.2, case A of MS IEC 60664-
1:2014 choosing one impulse voltage level higher (preferred values).

Table 3 Example 2 – Dimensioning of clearances according to Tables F.2 and F.7a of
MS IEC 60664-1:2014, temporary overvoltages according to 5.3.3.2.3 of MS IEC 60664-
1:2014 (Un+1 200 V) (see example 2 of Figure 5b)
Example Insulation Impulse Temporary Clearance Clearance Clearancea

2 type withstand overvoltage (Table F.2 (Table F.7 mm
voltage (peak)/working of MS IEC of MS IEC
V voltage 60664- 60664-
(peak)b 1:2007) 1:2007)
Vd (Impulse
withstand (Temporary
voltage) overvoltage/
mm working
voltage)
mmc
a Functional 4 000 NA / 325 3,0 NA / 0,01 3,0
b Basic 4 000 2 022/ 325 3,0 1,3/ 0,01 3,0
t
c Functional 4 000 NA/ 325 3,0 NA / 0,01 3,0
en
d Reinforced 6 000 4 044 / 650’ 5,5 3,9 / 0,078f 5,5
e Basic 4 000 NA/ 5 3,0 NA / 0,001 3,0
m
f Functional 800e NA / 5 0,2 NA / 0,001 0,2
a The dimensioning according to Table F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 is compared with Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-
1:2007, taking into account the pollution degree. The larger clearance is selected.
om
b When the insulation system is evaluated with respect to the working voltage, recurring peak voltages are taken
into consideration. In this example, recurring peak voltages are considered to be negligible. Only the peak value
of the sinusoidal mains voltage is considered.
C
c The dimensioning is based on the peak value of the temporary overvoltage.

lic
d Peak voltage of temporary overvoltage is used for dimensioning.
e According to a voltage line to neutral of 50 V.

b
f It should be noted that while clearance for reinforced insulating is dimensioned with respect to 160 % of the
Pu
temporary overvoltage for basic and supplementary insulation, the test voltage for verification of the clearance of
the reinforced insulation is twice the voltage of the test voltage for verification of basic and supplementary
insulation.
r
Fo

11E040R0 j
5.3 Examples for the dimensioning of clearances for class II equipment according to
MS IEC 60664-1
t
en
Key m
om
Protection against direct contact by means of non conductive enclosure (solid
insulation) or clearance providing reinforced insulation
C
FE functional earthing conductor

NOTE The transformer follows 4.2.
lic
Figure 5c Example 3 Dimensioning of clearances (class II equipment)

b
Table 4 Example 3 - Dimensioning of clearances according to Table F.2 of

Pu
MS IEC 60664-1:2007 (pollution degree 2) (see example 3 of Figure 5c)
Example 3 Insulation type Impulse withstand voltage Clearance

r
V mm
Fo
a Functional 4 000 3,0

b Basic 4 000 3,0
ca Functional 2 500 1,5
d1 Reinforced 6 000 5,5
d2b Reinforced 4 000 3,0
fa Functional 2 500 1,5
a The clearance is based on the overvoltage category determined from the mains voltage (230 V a.c. OV cat. III)
and it is one impulse withstand voltage level lower after the transformer. The actual d.c. level after rectification
does not influence the impulse withstand voltage used for the design of the insulation system.
b The clearance for reinforced insulation is based on the overvoltage category determined, from the mains
voltage (230 V a.c. OV cat. III) and it is one impulse withstand voltage level lower after the transformer. See
4.2 for further information.

Table 5 Example 3 – Dimensioning of clearances according to Tables F.2 and F.7a of
MS IEC 60664-1:2014, temporary overvoltages according to 5.3.3.2.3 of MS IEC 60664-
1:2014 (Un+1200V) (see example 3 of Figure 5c)
Example Insulation Impulse Temporary Clearance Clearance Clearancea

3 type withstand overvoltage (Table F.2 (Table F.7a mm
voltage (peak)/ of MS IEC of MS IEC
V working 60664- 60664-
voltage 1:2007) 1:2007)
(peak)b
V (Impulse (Temporary
withstand overvoltage/
voltage) working
mm voltage)
mmc
a Functional 4 000 NA/325 3,0 NA/0,01 3,0
t
b Basis 4 000 2 022/325 3,0 1,3/0,01 3,0
en
c Functional 2 500 NA/325 1,5 NA/0,01 1,5
d1 Reinforced 6 000 4 044/650d 5,5 3,9/0,078d 5,5
m
d2 Reinforced 4 000 4 044/650d 3,0 3,9/0,078d 3,9
f Functional 2 500 NA/110 1,5 NA/0,004 1,5
om
a The dimensioning according to Table F.7 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 is compared with Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-
1:2007, taking into account the pollution degree. The larger clearance is selected.
b When the insulation system is evaluated with respect to the working voltage, recurring peak voltages are taken
into consideration. In this example, recurring peak voltages are considered to be negligible. Only the peak value
C
of the sinusoidal mains voltage is considered.
c The dimensioning is based on the peak value of the temporary overvoltage.

lic
d It should be noted that while clearance for reinforced insulation is dimensioned with respect to 160% of the
temporary overvoltage for basic and supplementary insulation, the test voltage for verification of the clearance of
b
the reinforced insulation is twice the voltage of the test voltage for verification of basic and supplementary
Pu
insulation.
r
Fo

11E040R0 j
5.4 Examples for the dimensioning of clearances for class II equipment according to
MS IEC 60664-5
t
en
Key
m
om
Protection against direct contact by means of non conductive enclosure (solid
insulation) or clearance providing reinforced insulation
C
NOTE The transformer follows 4.2.
Figure 5d Example 4 – Dimensioning of clearance (class II equipment)

lic
Table 6 Example 4 – Dimensioning of clearances according to Table 2 of

b
MS IEC 60664-5:2007 (see example 4 on Figure 5d)

Pu
Example 4 Insulation type Impulse withstand Clearancec

voltagec mm
V
r
a Functional 800 (1 500) 0,1 (0,5)

Fo
b Basic 800 (1 500) 0,1 (0,5)

ca Functional 500 (800) 0,04 (0,1)
d1 Reinforced 1 500 (2 500) 0,5 (1,5)
d2b Reinforced 800 (1 500) 0,1 (0,5)
fa Functional 500 (800) 0,04 (0,1)
a The clearance is based on the overvoltage category determined from the mains voltage (100 V a.c. OV cat.
II) and it is one impulse withstand voltage kV level lower after the transformer. The actual d.c. level after
rectification does not influence the impulse withstand voltage used for the design of the insulation system.
b The clearance is based on the overvoltage category determined from the mains voltage (100 V a.c. OV cat.
II) and it is one impulse withstand voltage kV level lower after the transformer. See 4.2 for further
information.
c The values is parenthesis are used for Japan. See footnote 5) of Table F.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2007.

Table 7 Example 4 – Dimensioning of clearances according to Tables 2 and 3 of MS IEC
60664-5:2007, temporary overvoltages according to 5.3.3.2.3 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007
(Un+ 1 200 V) (see example 4 on Figure 5d)
Example Insulation Impulse Temporary Clearanced Clearance Clearancea,d

4 type withstand overvoltage (Table 2 of (Table 3 of mm
voltaged (peal)/ MS IEC MS IEC
V working 60664- 60664-
voltage 5:2007) 5:2007)
(peak)b (impulse (temporary
V withstand overvoltage/
voltage) working
mm voltage)
mm
a Functional 800 NA/141 0,1 (0,5) NA/0,005 0,1 (0,5)
(1 500)
t
b Basic 800 1 838/141 0,1 (0,5) 1,1C/ 0,005 1,1
en
(1 500)
c Functional 500 (800) NA/141 0,04 (0,1) NA/0,005 0,04 (0,1)
m
d1 Reinforced 1 500 3 676/282e 0,5 (1,5) 3,4c/0,01e 3,4
(2 500)
om
d2 Reinforced 800 3 676/282e 0,1 (0,5) 3,4c/0,01e 3,4
(1 500)
f Functional 500 (800) NA/48 0,04 (0,1) NA/0,01 0,04 (0,1)
a. The dimensioning according to Table 2 of MS IEC 60664-5:2007 is compared with Table 3 in the same standard. The
C
larger clearance is selected.
b. When the insulation system is evaluated with respect to the working voltage recurring peak voltages are taken into
lic
consideration. In this example, recurring peak voltages are considered to be negligible. Only the peak value of the
sinusoidal mains voltage is considered.
b
c. Determined by using interpolation in Table F.7a of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 (case A).

Pu
d. The values in parenthesis are used for Japan. See footnote 5) of Table F.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2007.
e. It should be noted that while clearance for reinforced insulation is dimensioned with respect to 160% of the temporary
overvoltage for basic and supplementary insulation, the test voltage for verification of the clearance of the reinforced
r
insulation is twice the voltage of the test voltage for verification of basic and supplementary insulation.
Fo
6 Practical application of the MS IEC 60664 series with regards to

particular questions
6.1 General
Clause 4 of this application guide provides information about the dimensioning of clearance,
creepage and solid insulation for functional, basic, supplementary, double and reinforced
insulation based on the working voltage including recurring peak, temporary overvoltage and
transient overvoltage across the consideration insulation. This clause provides some typical
examples on how to test the clearance and solid insulation in some typical applications.
These are only examples and are not intended to cover all applications.

11E040R0 j
This clause does not provide information about testing creepage distances as this in general
is not possible. The testing of creepage is more likely to be an evaluation of the effective
distance and of the material which provides the insulation across the insulation under
consideration.
6.2 Testing complete equipment in case of components bridging the basic insulation
The equipment is first prepared in order to disconnect any component bridging the basic
insulation such as surge protective devices in accordance with 6.1.4.1 of MS IEC 60664-
1:2014.
The test is then applied in accordance with 6.1.4 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 within the condition
or limitation given in the product standard.
It is then necessary to ensure that components, bridging the basic insulation and having been
disconnected during the impulse voltage test for testing the basic insulation, do not impair the
t
behavior or the safety of the basic insulation of the equipment during normal use.
en
The components having been disconnected are therefore connected again, and the
equipment is tested in accordance with the following procedure, introducing an a.c. test
m
having the purpose to check that components bridging the basic insulation do not reduce
safety, with respect to short-term temporary overvoltages.
om
The test voltage has a frequency of 50/60 Hz. For basic insulation, the r.m.s. value of the test
voltage is equal to the short-term temporary overvoltage, which is 1 200 V+ Un. Un is the
C
nominal voltage value between line and neutral. For the test duration, see 6.1.3.4.1 of MS IEC
60664-1:2014.
lic
NOTE 1 As an example, for an equipment having a rated voltage of Un = 250 V, the value of the a.c.
test voltage for basic insulation is 1 200 V + 250 V, thus the r.m.s. test voltage is 1 450 V.
b
NOTE 2 If it is not possible to perform the a.c. test, a.d.c. test can be considered with a voltage value
Pu
equal to or higher than the a.c. peak voltage.
NOTE 3 The short-circuit output current of the generator is not less than 200 mA. For test voltages
exceeding 3 kV, it is sufficient that the rated power of the test equipment is equal to or greater than 600
r
VA. The tripping current of the generator needs adjustment to a tripping current of 100 mA or for test
Fo
voltages above 6 kV to the highest possible value.
Figure 6 Arrangement for a.c. (or d.c.) voltage test

The voltage is successively applied for the time given in 6.1.3.4.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
Acceptance criteria: the equipment is visually inspected; no component bridging the basic
insulation shall show any visible alteration. The equipment is connected to the mains in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The equipment shall work in accordance to
its purpose.
NOTE It is permitted to replace a fuse or a similar protective means before connecting the equipment
to the mains. If a fuse protecting a surge arrester has blown, it is permitted to replace the surge arrester,
too.
6.3 Testing complete equipment in case of components bridging the functional

insulation
6.3.1 General
t
If the equipment incorporates components bridging the functional insulation between live
en
parts connected to mains, the impulse test is applied as described in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3.
6.3.2 Verification of clearances and creepage distances
m
The correct dimensioning of the insulation distance is first tested without components bridging
om
the insulation. The equipment is prepared in order to disconnect any component bridging the
insulation between live parts such as surge protective devices in accordance with 6.1.4.1 of
MS IEC 60664-1:2014. The test is then performed in accordance with 6.1.4 of MS IEC 60664-
C
1:2014 within the condition or limitation given in the product standard.
NOTE For this test a very low impedance of the generator can be required. For this purpose, a hybrid
lic
generator with a virtual impedance of 2  may be appropriate. However, in any case a measurement of
the correct test voltage directly at the insulation is required (see also 4.3.1)
b
6.3.3 Verification of components bridging the insulation

Pu
To check the safe behavior of components having been disconnected during the test in 6.3.2,
the components are connected again. Then, the equipment is tested a second time within the
r
same condition.
Fo
NOTE 1 If the components bridging the functional insulation are used for EMC purpose only (e.g. an
SPD), it is allowed to use a generator having an internal impedance up to 500  maximum.
Acceptance criteria: the equipment is visually inspected; no component bridging the functional
insulation should show a visible alteration. Then, the equipment is connected to the mains in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The equipment shall work in accordance to
its purpose.
NOTE 2 If the components bridging the functional insulation are used for EMC purposes only e.g. an
SPD, it is permitted to replace a fuse or a similar protective mean before connecting the equipment to
the mains. If a fuse protecting components disconnected during the test in 6.3.2 has blown, it is
permitted to replace the components, too.

11E040R0 j
6.4 Dimensioning of insulation distance for parts of equipment which can have
isolation capability
6.4.1 General
General principles for the dimensioning of clearances for low-voltage equipment are given in
4.1.
The dimensioning of clearances across the open contacts or clearances between parts in
movement within an equipment, e.g. the poles of a switch, should follow the same
requirements than those required for the basic insulation.
NOTE For example, see 7.2.3.1 of IEC 60947-1:2007, 7.1.2 of IEC 60669-1:1998, or 4.5.1 and 4.5.2
of IEC 62019:1999.
6.4.2 Dimensioning of device associated with an equipment declared suitable for
t
isolation
en
If the device is associated or added as an auxiliary part to an equipment declared suitable for
isolation, the minimum requirement for clearances between parts is movement of this auxiliary
m
part follows the minimum requirements for the basic insulation (see 5.1.7 of MS IEC 60664-
1:2014 and 8.3.2 of IEC 61140:2001). The technical committees consider the minimum
om
requirements for circuit dedicated to remote indication.
6.4.3 Dimensioning for device associated with an equipment not declared suitable for
C
isolation
If the device is associated or added as an auxiliary part to an equipment not declared suitable
lic
for isolation, or if the device is an independent equipment not declared suitable for isolation,
the technical committees can introduce requirements lower than those required for the basic
b
insulation. However, the product should be marked accordingly.

Pu
NOTE For example, see IEC 60669-1 or IEC 62019 ask for marking “m” on the device.
6.5 Testing with respect to high-frequency voltage stress

r
Fo
In principle, 4.7.1 to 4.7.4 of this application guide are also applicable to the frequencies of
the voltage as specified in MS IEC 60664-4.
However, it has to be taken into account that the values of the breakdown field strength both
for clearances and for solid insulation are decreased by the influence of the frequency.
With respect to 4.7.2 of this application guide, it has to be taken into account that the
frequency of the test voltage is the same as the frequency of the applied voltage. The
minimum test duration is 60 s, as specified the power-frequency a.c. voltage test. Longer
durations can be required, in particular for materials with high dielectric losses, where
excessive heating caused by the dielectric losses is decisive for failure.

For testing at high-frequency voltage, the capacitive loading caused by the test specimen is a
very important factor. The test equipment used shall allow a capacitive loading of at least 100
pF with negligible voltage drop at the output and negligible influence on the frequency. In
case of larger assemblies or complete equipment, it may be necessary to perform the test
only on critical components. In such cases, a test on the complete equipment is made using
the power – frequency voltage.
6.6 Practical information in case of substitution an impulse withstand test by an AC or

DC test
6.6.1 General
The purpose of the impulse withstand voltage test is to verify that clearances will withstand
specified transient overvoltages. The impulse withstand test is carried out with a voltage
having a 1,2/50 s waveform with the values specified in Table F.5 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
t
Due to the scatter of the test results of any impulse voltage test, the test is conducted for a
en
minimum of three impulses of each polarity with an interval of at least 1 s between pulses.
Technical committees may specify an a.c. or d.c. voltage test for particular equipment as an
alternative method to the impulse voltage test.
m
om
NOTE Technical committees should be aware that while tests with a.c. and d.c. voltages of the same
peak value as the impulse test voltage specified in Table F.5 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 verify the
withstand capability of clearances, they increase the stress for solid insulation because the voltage is
C
applied for a longer duration. They can overload and damage certain solid insulations. Technical
committees should therefore consider this when specifying tests with a.c. or d.c. voltages as an
alternative to the impulse voltage test given in 6.1.2.2.1 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014
lic
6.6.2 Characteristics of the a.c. voltage substituted to an impulse withstand test for
b
dielectric test
Pu
The characteristics are as follows:
a) The waveshape of the sinusoidal power-frequency test voltage is substantially sinusoidal.

r
This requirement is fulfilled if the ratio between the peak value and the r.m.s. value is
Fo
√2  3 %; and
b) the peak value is equal to the impulse test voltage of Table F.5 of MS IEC 60664- 1:2014
and applied for three cycles of the a.c. test voltage.
NOTE It is not possible to reduce the peak voltage value of the a.c. voltage test if the test duration is
longer than three cycles.
6.6.3 Characteristics of the d.c. voltage substituted to an impulse withstand test for
dielectric test
The characteristics are as follows:
a) The d.c. test voltage is substantially free of ripple. This requirement is fulfilled if the ratio
between the peak values of the voltage and the average value is 1,0  3 %; and

11E040R0 j
b) the average value of the d.c. test voltage is equal to the impulse test voltage of Table F.5
of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 and applied three times for 10 ms in each polarity.
7 Examples of a dimensioning worksheet (Based on case A as

described in MS IEC 60664-1:2014)
7.1 Use of MS IEC 60664-1:2014, for circuits in equipment either directly or not
directly connected to the mains supply
This example is based on the assumption that the most stringent dimensioning requirements
come from the impulse withstand voltage.
Table 8 Relationship between influencing parameters and normative references in

MS IEC 60664-1
t
en
Influencing Basis of selection MS IEC 60664- Value in table
parameters 1:2007 reference
Clearance
Voltage or rated
insulation voltage
Overvoltage category of
equipment m
Table F1
(see NOTE)
Table F.2
om
Creepage distance
Voltage Rated voltage or rated Tables F.3a and Table F.4
insulation voltage F.3b
C
Pollution Pollution degree 4.6.2 Table F.4

(micro-environment)
lic
Insulating material Comparative tracking 4.8.1.3 Table F.4

index
b
NOTE If the circuit is not directly connected to the mains, the impulse withstand voltage can be
Pu
provided by the technical committee or, if not, it should be assessed by the manufacturer. Technical
committees should take into account 4.2.
The following procedure shall be followed:

r
Fo
Step 1: Select overvoltage category.
Step 2: Select impulse voltage (Table F.1).
Step 3: Establish minimum clearance (cl) value (Table F.2) and apply an altitude
correction factor (Table A.2) if the equipment with the clearance is used above 2 000m.
Step 4: Select rated voltage for creepage distance (Table F.3a and F.3b)
Step 5: Establish pollution degree and comparative tracking index (CTI) from 4.8.1 of
MS IEC 60664-1:2014
Step 6: Establish minimum creepage distance (cr) value (Table F.4).

Step 7: Where cr <cl:
a) if pollution degree is 3, spacing on insulating material meets cl value; see 5.2.2.6 in MS

IEC 60664-1:2007; or
b) if pollution degree is either 1 or 2, spacing on insulating material may be cr value if the

spacing withstands the impulse withstand voltage used to verify used to verify the
clearance.
This example is based on the assumption that the most stringent dimensioning requirements
come from the impulse withstand voltage.

MS IEC 60664-1 or MS IEC 60664-5
t
en
Influencing Basis of selection MS IEC 60664-1:2014 MS EC
parameters or MS IEC 60664- 60664-
5:2014 reference 5:2014
m Value in
table
om
Clearance
Voltage or rated Overvoltage category of Table F.1 of MS IEC Table 2
insulation voltage equipment 60664-1 (see NOTE)
C
Creepage distance
Dimensioning with regard to tracking
lic
Voltage Rated voltage or rated Table F.3a and F.3b of Table 4

insulation voltage MS IEC 60664-1
Pollution Pollution degree 4.6.2 of MS IEC Table 4
b
(micro-environment) 60664-1
Pu
Insulating material Comparative tracking index 4.8.2.3 of MS IEC Table 4

60664-5
Dimensioning with regard to flashover
r
Maximum peak Assessed by the Table 5

Fo
voltage manufacturer
(Transient overvoltage or
highest peak voltage which
can occur in the circuit)
Micro-environment Humidity level 4.6.4 of MS IEC Table 5
60664-5
For information see Table 1
in IEC 60664-5
Insulating material WAG (Water adsorption 4.8.6 of MS IEC Table 5
group) 60664-5
NOTE If the circuit is not directly connected to the mains, the impulse withstand voltage can be
provided by the technical committee or if not, it should be assessed by the manufacturer. Technical
committees should take into account 4.2.

11E040R0 j
Step 1: Select overvoltage category
Step 2: Select impulse voltage (Table F.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2014)
Step 3: Establish minimum clearance (cl) value (Table 2 in MS IEC 60664-5:2014) and
apply an altitude correction factor (Table A.2 in MS IEC 60664-1:2014) if the equipment with
clearance is used above 2000 m.
Dimensioning the creepage distance with regards to tracking:
Step 4: Select rated voltage for creepage distance (Tables F.3a and F.3b in MS IEC
60664-1:2014)
MS IEC 60664- 1:2014.
t
en
Step 6: Establish minimum creepage distance (cr) value (Table 4 from MS IEC
60664- 5:2014).
Dimensioning the creepage distance with regards to flashover:

m
om
Step 7: Assess the maximum peak voltage which can occur in the circuit.
Step 8: Establish humidity level (HL) and water adsorption group (WAG).
C
Step 9: Establish minimum creepage distance (cr) value (Table 5 from MS IEC
60664-5:2007)
lic
Step 10: Select the greater creepage distance (cr) with respect to tracking and flashover
b
Pu
Step 11: Where cr <cl:
a) if pollution degree is 3, spacing on insulating material meets cl value; see 5.3.2.6 in MS

IEC 60664-5:2014; or
r
Fo
b) if pollution degree is either 1 or 2, spacing on insulating material may be cr value if the

spacing withstands the impulse withstand voltage used to verify the clearance.


MS IEC 60664-1 or MS IEC 60664-4
Influencing Basic of selection MS IEC 60664-1:2007 Value in Table

parameters or MS IEC 60664-
4:2005 reference
Clearance
Voltage or rated Overvoltage category Table F.1 of MS IEC Table F.2 of MS IEC
insulation voltage of equipment 60664-1 60664-1
(see NOTE)
Peak value of the Assessed by the Table F.7a of MS IEC Depending on the field
maximum steady manufacturer 60664-1 or Table 1 of distribution
t
state voltage MS IEC 60664-4
en
depending on the field
distribution
m
Creepage distance
Dimensioning with regard to tracking
om
Voltage Rated voltage of rated Tables F.3a and F.3b Table F.4 of MS IEC
insulation voltage of MS IEC 60664-1 60664-1
Pollution Pollution degree 4.6.2 of MS IEC Table F.4 of MS IEC
(micro-environment) 60664-1 60664-1
C
Insulating material Comparative tracking 4.8.1.3 of MS IEC Table F.4 of MS IEC

index 60664-1 60664-1
lic
Dimensioning with regard to thermal effects

Peak value of the Assessed by the Table 2 of MS IEC
b
maximum steady- manufacturer 60664-4

state voltage
Pu
Micro-environment Pollution degree 4.6.2 of MS IEC Table 2 of MS IEC

(micro-environment) 60664-1 60664-4
Insulating material These dimensioning Clause 5 of MS IEC Table 2 of MS IEC
r
data are applicable for 60664-4 60664-4

Fo
all materials that can

be deteriorated by
thermal effects.
Frequency Assessed by the Clause 5 of MS IEC Table 2 of MS IEC
manufacturer 60664-4 60664-4
NOTE If the circuit is not directly connected to the mains, the impulse withstand voltage can be provided
by the technical committee or if not, it should be assessed by the manufacturer.
Step 1: Select overvoltage category.
Step 2: Select impulse voltage (Table F.1 in MS IEC 60664-1:2007).

11E040R0 j
Step 3: Establish minimum clearance (cl) value (Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-
1:2007) and apply an altitude correction factor (Table A.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2007) if the
equipment with the clearance is used above 2 000 m.
Step 4: Assess the peak value of the maximum steady-state voltage.
Step 5: Assess the field distribution
Step 6: Establish minimum clearance (cl) value (Table F.7a of MS IEC 60664-1:2007 for
125 % of the peak value of the maximum steady-state voltage or Table 1 of MS IEC
60664-4:2014 for the peak value of the maximum steady-state voltage.
Step 7: Select the greater clearance (cl) with respect to transient overvoltages or
Dimensioning the creepage distance with regards to pollution:
t
Step 8: Select rated voltage for creepage distance (Tables F.3a and F.3b in MS IEC
en
60664-1:2014).
MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
m
om
Step 10: Establish minimum creepage distance (cr) value (Table F.4 from MS IEC
60664-1:2014)
C
Dimensioning the creepage distance with regards to thermal effects:
Step 11: Assess the maximum peak value of the steady-state voltage which can occur in
lic
the circuit.
b
Step 12: Establish pollution degree from MS IEC 60664-1.

Pu
Step 13: Assess the frequency of the voltage.
Step 14: Establish minimum creepage distance (cr) value (Table 2 of MS IEC
r
60664-4:2014).
Fo
Step 15: Select the greater creepage distance (cr) with respect to tracking and thermal
effects.

7.4 Examples comparing the dimensioning of clearances and creepage distances
according to MS IEC 60664-1 and MS IEC 60664-5 based on case A condition
(basic insulation, for equipment up to 2 000 m altitude)
Form the following examples, it can be concluded:
a) for printed wiring boards, MS IEC 60664-1 allows shorter distances; and
b) for printed wiring boards and for equivalent constructions within the scope of MS IEC
60664-5, MS IEC 60664-5 may provide a smaller dimensioning depending of the material
group characteristics (CTI and WAG).
NOTE 1 In these examples, the pollution degree 2 and HL 2 have been chosen for simplification.
However, the HL can be different from the pollution degree.
NOTE 2 The wording “printed board” in MS IEC 60664-3 includes printed wiring boards.
t
en
7.4.1 Circuits not directly connected to mains supply
7.4.1.1 Dimensioning of clearance and creepage following MS IEC 60664-1
m
Table 11 Example for dimensioning a clearance and creepage distance following MS
om
IEC 60664-1
Clearance
C
Impulse voltage 1 500 V Clearance 0,5 mm

Creepage distance (tracking)
Pollution degree 2
lic
Insulating material CTI GR III

Rated voltage 200 V Creepage distance 0,63 mm on
b
printed wiring
Pu
material;
2,00 mm for other

constructions
r
Fo
NOTE At locations where clearance and creepage distances cannot be differentiated (e.g. on printed
wiring material), the larger distance is used. Therefore, the minimum clearance and creepage distance
is 0,63 mm on printed wiring material or 2,0 mm for other constructions.

11E040R0 j
Table 12 Example for dimensioning a clearance and creepage distance following MS

IEC 60664-5
Clearance
Impulse voltage 1 500 V Clearance 0,5 mm
Pollution degree 2
Rated voltage (a.c. 200 V Creepage distance 0,63 mm
r.m.s. or d.c.) see
NOTE 2
Creepage distance (flashover)
Maximum peak voltage 1 500 V
Humidity level 2
Water adsorption group WAG 1 Creepage distance 0,93 mm
t
en
WAG 2 1,02 mm
WAG 3 1,11 mm
WAG 4 1,2 mm
NOTE:
m
om
1 At locations where clearance and creepage distances cannot be differentiated (e.g. on printed
wiring material), the larger distance is used, therefore the minimum clearance and creepage distance
is 0,93 mm up to 1,20 mm, depending upon the water adsorption characteristics of the insulating
material.
C
2 In case of d.c. supply, TCs should carefully consider the dimensioning of the associated clearance
during the dimensioning of creepage distances in order to avoid flashover because the consequences
lic
of a flashover can be more critical in d.c. circuits than in a.c. circuits.

b
r Pu
Fo

Table 13 Example for dimensioning a clearance and creepage distance following

MS IEC 60664-1 in circuits not directly connected to mains supply
Clearance
Impulse voltage 500 V Clearance 0,20 mm for other
construction;
0,04mm on printed
wiring material
Rated voltage 50V Creepage distance 0,04 mm on
printed wiring
material;
t
1,20 mm for other
en
constructions
Pollution degree 2
m
om
wiring material), the larger distance is used. Therefore the minimum clearance and creepage distance
C

lic

b
Clearance
Pu
Impulse voltage 500 V Clearance 0,04 mm

Rated voltage 50 V Creepage distance 0,04 mm
Pollution degree 2
r

Fo
Creepage distance (flashover)

Maximum peak voltage 500 V
Humidity level 2
Water adsorption group WAG 1 Creepage distance 0,17 mm
WAG 2 0,18 mm
WAG 3 0, 20mm
WAG 4 0, 22mm
NOTE:
is 0,17 mm to 0,22 mm depending upon the water adsorption characteristics of the insulating material.
2 In the case of a d.c. supply, technical committees should carefully consider the dimensioning of
the associated clearance during the dimensioning of creepage distances in order to avoid flashover
because the consequences of a flashover can be more critical in d.c. circuits than in a.c. circuits.

11E040R0 j
7.5 Examples of dimension comparison for clearances and creepage distances

according to MS IEC 60664-1 and MS IEC 60664-4 based on case A condition (basic
insulation, for equipment up to 2 000 altitude)
From the following two examples, it can be concluded:
a) dimensioning according to MS IEC 60664-4 will always result in greater distances as

compared to dimensioning according to MS IEC 60664-1, if the clearance requirements
with respect to periodic voltages are decisive for dimensioning; and
b) dimensioning according to MS IEC 60664-4 will not change the distances as compared to
dimensioning according to MS IEC 60664-1, if the creepage distance requirements with
respect to tracking are decisive for dimensioning. This case is applicable for rather small
steady-state voltages, in particular for constructions other than printed wiring material.
t
en
Clearance m
om
Recurring peak voltage 1 000 V Clearance 0,26 mm
Steady-state voltage 200 V Creepage distance 0,63 mm on
C
(r.m.s) printed wiring

material;
lic
2,0 mm for other

constructions
b
Pollution degree 2
Pu
NOTE:
r
Fo
2 In the case of a d.c. supply, technical committees should carefully consider the dimensioning of
the associated clearance during the dimensioning of creepage distances in order to avoid flashover

(approximately homogeneous field)

MS IEC 60664-4 (approximately homogeneous field)
Clearance
Recurring peak voltage 1 000 V
Voltage for dimensioning 1 250 V Clearance 0,48 mm
according to Table F.7a
of MS IEC 60664-1:2007
(r.m.s.) printed wiring
material;
2,0 mm for other
t
constructions
en
Pollution degree 2
m
Creepage distance (thermal effects)
Maximum steady-state 1 000 V
om
voltage (peak)
Frequency 30 kHz <f <100 Creepage distance 0,72 mm
kHz
100 kHz <f <200 1,38 mm
C
kHz
200 kHz <f <400 3,6 mm
lic
kHz
400 kHz <f <700 21,6 mm
b
kHz
Pollution degree 2 Multiplication of the
Pu
values of Table 2 of
MS IEC 60664-4:2005
with the factor of 1,2
r
Fo
is 0,72 mm on printed wiring material for frequencies up to 100 kHz or 2,0 mm for other constructions
for frequencies up to 200 kHz.

11E040R0 j

Clearance
Recurring peak voltage 500 V Clearance 0,20 mm for other construction;
0,04 mm on printed wiring

material
Steady-state voltage 50V Creepage 0,04 mm on printed wiring
(r.m.s) distance material;
t
en
1,20 mm for other constructions
Pollution degree 2
m
om
NOTE:
C
2 In case of d.c. supply, technical committees should carefully consider the dimensioning of the
associated clearance during the dimensioning of creepage distances in order to avoid flashover
lic
b
r Pu
Fo

7.5.2.2 Dimensioning of clearance and creepage of following MS IEC 60664-4
(approximately homogeneous field)

MS IEC 60664-4 (approximately homogeneous field)
Clearance
Recurring peak voltage 500 V
Voltage for dimensioning 0,2 mm for other
according to Table F.7a of 625 V Clearance construction;
MS IEC 60664-1:2014
0,069 mm on
printed wiring
material
t
(r.m.s.) printed wiring
en
material;
m
1,20 mm for
other
om
construction
Pollution degree 2
Creepage distance (thermal effects)
C
Steady-state voltage 500 V

(peak)
lic
Frequency 30 kHz <f <100 Creepage distance 0,22 mm

kHz
b
100 kHz <f <200 0,23 mm

kHz
Pu
200 kHz <f <400 0,3 mm

kHz
400 kHz <f <700 0,48 mm
r
kHz
Fo
700 kHz <f <1 1,80 mm

MHz
1 MHz <f <2 MHz 24,0 mm
Pollution degree 2 Multiplication of the
value of Table 2 of IEC
60664-4:2005 with the
factor of 1,2
is 0,22 mm on printed wiring material for frequencies up to 100 kHz or 1,2 mm for other constructions
for frequencies up to 700 kHz.

11E040R0 j
Annex A
(informative)
Overview of clauses of MS IEC 60664-1 requiring decisions by technical

committees, specification of options or requiring activities by the
manufacturer
A.1 Decisions required by technical committees

When referring to MS IEC 60664-1, technical committees are required to specify the following
items.
Table A.1 Clauses and titles of MS IEC 60664-1 and item to be considered by
technical committees
t
en
Clause and title of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 Items to be considered in MS IEC
60664-1:2014
4.3.1
4.3
General, of
Voltages and voltage ratings
m
Specification of:
om
the basis for voltage ratings;
an overvoltage category according to the

C
expected use of the equipment, taking into

account the characteristics of the system to
which it is intended to be connected.
lic
4.3.2.2.1 Equipment energized directly from Selection whether the voltage is based on:
the low-voltage mains
b
- line-to-line voltage, or
Pu
- line-to-neutral voltage.
In the latter case, the technical committees

shall specify how to inform the user that the
r
equipment is for use on neutral-earthed

Fo
systems only.
4.3.3.2.2 Equipment energized directly from Specification of the overvoltage category
the supply mains based on the general explanation of
overvoltage categories (see also Clause
443 of MS IEC 60364-4-44:2007)
4.7 Information supplied with the Specification of the relevant information
equipment supplied with the equipment and the way
provided
4.8.2 Electric strength characteristics Consideration of the electric strength
characteristics of insulating material, taking
into account the stresses described in
5.3.1, 5.3.2.2.1 and 5.3.2.3.1
4.8.3 Thermal characteristics Consideration of the thermal characteristics
of insulating material taking into account
the stresses described in 5.3.2.2.2,
5.3.2.3.2 and 5.3.3.5
NOTE See also the IEC 60216 series.

technical committees (continued)

60664-1:2014
4.8.4 Mechanical and chemical Consideration of the mechanical and
characteristics chemical characteristics of insulating
material, taking into account the stresses
described in 5.3.2.2.3, 5.3.2.3.3 and 5.3.2.4
5.3.2.2.3 Mechanical shock Consideration of inadequate impact
strength, mechanical shock, reduced
impact strength of materials when
specifying environmental conditions for
transportation, storage, installation and use
5.3.2.4 Other stresses Consideration of other stresses such as:
- radiation, both ultraviolet and ionizing;
t
- stress-crazing or stress-cracking caused
en
by exposure
to solvents or active chemicals;
m
- effect of migration of plasticizers;
- effect of bacteria, moulds or fungi;
om
- mechanical creep
5.3.3.2.1 General, of Specification as to which voltage ratings
5.3.3.2 Withstand of voltage stresses are to be assigned to their equipment
5.3.3.2.5 High-frequency voltage Specification as to whether a test according
C
to 6.1.3.7 is necessary
5.3.3.3 Withstand a short-term heating Specification of severity levels
lic
stresses
5.3.3.4 Withstand of mechanical stresses Specification of severity levels
b
5.3.3.5 Withstand and long-term heating Specification as to whether a test is

stresses necessary. (see also IEC 60085 and the
Pu
IEC 60216 series)

5.3.3.7 Withstand of other stresses Statement of other stresses and
specification of test methods
r
6.1.2.2.1.2 Selection of impulse test voltage For the test conditions, specification tests
Fo
or routine tests have to be carried out in

addition to type tests.
6.1.3.1 Selection of tests Specification of which type tests are
required for the respective stresses
occurring in the equipment.
Specification of tests performed as sample

and routine tests in order to ensure the
quality of the insulation during production.
Specification of the tests, and conditioning
as appropriate, with test parameters
adequate to detect fault without causing
damage to the insulation
6.1.3.2 Conditioning Specification of the appropriate conditioning
method

11E040R0 j
technical committees (concluded)

60664-1:2014
6.1.3.4.1 Test method Consideration as to whether the a.c. test
voltage needs to be substituted by a d.c.
test voltage of a value equal to the peak
value of the a.c. voltage, taking into
account that this test will be less stringent
than the a.c. voltage test
6.1.3.5.2 Verification Specification of
- the test circuit (Clause C.1);

- the measuring equipment (Clauses C.3
and D.2);
t
- the measuring frequency (C.3.1 and
en
D.3.3);
- the test procedure (6.1.3.5.3)
according to the kind of test specimen
6.1.4.5 Test criteria
m
Specification as to whether partial
discharges in clearances which do not
om
result in breakdown are disregarded
6.1.5.1 Test purposes other than insulation Specification of test voltages not higher
coordination than those required for insulation
C
coordination.
6.1.5.2 Sampling and routine tests Specification or sampling tests and routine
lic
tests intended to ensure production quality.
Specification of test voltages in no case

b
higher than those required for type testing

Pu
C.2.1 General, to Specification of

C2 Test parameters
- the frequency ft of the test voltage (C.2.2);
- the specified discharge magnitude
r
(6.1.3.5.4.1);
Fo
- the climatic conditions for the PD test

(C.2.3).
NOTE It may be necessary to have different

specifications for the type test and the routine
test.
C.2.2 Requirements for the test voltage Consideration of the possible effect for
frequency on discharge magnitude

A.2 Optional specifications by technical committees
When referring to MS IEC 60664-1, technical committees are invited to consider the items in
the following list and to decide on the options:
Table A.2 Clauses and titles of MS IEC 60664-1 and optional specifications for
consideration by technical committees
Clause and title of MS EC 60664-1:2014 Items to be considered in MS IEC

60664-1:2014
1 Scope and object Specification of special requirements for
suitable where ionized gases occur
4.3.3.2.3 Systems and equipment not Specification of overvoltage categories or
energized directly from the low- rated impulse voltages as appropriate.
voltage mains Recommendation to apply the preferred
series of 4.2.3
4.5 Time under voltage stress Consideration to allow reduced creepage
t
distances for functional insulation, which is
en
under voltage stress for only a short time,
for example of one voltage step lower than
m
specified in Table F.4
5.1.1 General, of To take into account that the dimensioning
om
5.1 Dimensioning of clearances for steady-state r.m.s. or recurring peak
voltage leads to a situation in which there is
no margin to breakdown with the
continuous application of these voltages
C
5.1.6 Dimensioning of clearances of basic, Specification of further details when

supplementary and reinforced dimensioning clearances to accessible
lic
insulation surface of insulating material

5.2.4 Dimensioning of creepage distances of Specification of further details when
b
basic, supplementary and reinforced dimensioning creepage distances to

insulation accessible surfaces of insulating material.
Pu
5.3.2.3.3 Mechanical stresses Consideration of mechanical stresses when

specifying conditions for testing long-term
stresses
r
5.3.3.1 General, of Specification of further details when

Fo
5.3.3 Requirements considering electrical stresses to accessible

surface of solid insulation
6.1.1 General, of Consideration to combine any high-voltage
6.1 Tests test with a partial discharge measurement
according to 6.1.3.5 and Annex C for the
test specimen that, after type testing, is
intended or required for further use
6.1.2.2.1.1 General, of Specification of alternative dielectric tests
6.1.2.2.1 Impulse voltage dielectric test according to 6.1.2.2.2
6.1.2.2.1.1 General, of For practical application, rounding of the
6.1.2.2.1 Impulse voltage dielectric test vlues of Table F.5 for the impulse test
voltages

11E040R0 j
Table A.2 Clauses and titles of MS IEC 60664-1 and optional specifications for
consideration by technical committees (concluded)
Clause and title of MS EC 60664-1:2014 Items to be considered in MS IEC

60664-1:2014
6.1.2.2.2.1 General, of Specification of an a.c. or d.c. voltage test
6.1.2.2.2 Alternatives to impulse voltage for particular equipment as an alternative
dielectric tests method to the impulse voltage test given in
6.1.2.2.1, taking into account that they can
overload and damage certain solid
insulations
6.1.3.1 Selection of tests Specification of test methods regarding
vibration and mechanical shock before the
dielectric testing.
6.1.3.4.1 Test method Reduction of the duration of the test to a
minimum value of 5 s in those cases where
t
the short-term temporary overvoltage leads
en
to the most stringent requirements with
respect to the amplitude of the test voltage
m
6.1.3.4.1 Test method Introduction of a safety margin on the test
voltage in case of testing with respect to
om
high steady-state stresses, including high
recurring peak voltage
C.4.3 Calibration for the PD test When specifying time intervals for
recalibration, consideration that, in case of
C
insufficient sensitivity at the PD meter,

potentially harmful discharge cannot be
lic
detected.
Annex F, Table F.4: Creepage distances to Use of dimensions based on own
avoid failure due to tracking experience for Table F.4 values for voltages
b
higher than 10 000 V

r Pu
Fo

A.3 Clauses requiring activities of the manufacturer
When applying MS IEC 60664-1 in addition to a product standard or in the absence of a
relevant one, manufacturer is required not only to carry out all relevant dimensioning and
tests but also to carry out the items in the following list.
Table A.3 Clauses and titles of MS IEC 60664-1 and required manufacturer activities
Clause and title of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 Activity required

3.9 Rated voltage Assignment of the value of voltage to a
component, device or equipment and to
which operation and performance
characteristics are referred
3.9.1 Rated insulation voltage Assignment of the r.m.s. withstand voltage
value to the equipment or to a part of it,
characterizing the specified (long term)
t
withstand capability of its insulation
en
3.9.2 Rated impulse voltage Assignment of the impulse withstand
voltage value to the equipment or to a part
m
of it, characterizing the specified withstand
capability of its insulation against transient
om
overvoltages
3.9.3 Rated recurring peak voltage Assignment of the recurring peak withstand
voltage value to the equipment or to a part
of it, characterizing the specified withstand
C
capability of its insulation against recurring

peak voltages
lic
3.9.4 Rated temporary overvoltage Assignment of the temporary withstand

overvoltage value to the equipment or to a
b
part of it, characterizing the specified short-

term withstand capability of its insulation
Pu
against a.c. voltages

5.2.2.4 Orientation and location of a If necessary, indication of the intended
creepage distance orientation of the equipment or component
r
in order that creepage distances are not

Fo
adversely affected by the accumulation of

pollution for which they were not designed
6.1.5.2 Sampling and routine tests Specification of sampling tests and routine
tests, intended to ensure production quality,
carried out with the waveforms and voltage
levels such that faults are detected without
causing damage to the equipment (solid
insulation or components)

11E040R0 j
Annex B
(informative)

committees
B.1 Decisions required by technical committees

Not applicable.
B.2 Optional specifications by technical committees
t
en
thefollowing list and to decide on the options:
m
Table B.1 Clauses and titles of MS IEC 60664-4 and optional specifications for
om
Clause and title of MS IEC 60664- Items to be considered
4:2014
C
1 Scope and object Specification of special requirements for

situations where ionized gases occur
7.3 Conditioning Specification of a test
b lic
r Pu
Fo

Annex C
(informative)

committees, specification of options or requiring activities by the
manufacturer
C.1 Decisions required by technical committees
When referring to MS IEC 60664-5, technical committees are required to specify the following
items:
t
Table C.1 Clauses and titles of MS IEC 60664-5 and items to be considered by technical
en
committees
m
Clause and title of MS Reference to MS Item to be considered
IEC 60664-5:2014 IEC 60664- (in case of reference to MS IEC 60664-
om
1:2014 1:2014, consideration of the relevant
subclause of MS IEC 60664-1 is necessary)
4.3.1 General, of 4.3.1 of MS IEC Specification of the basis for voltage ratings.
4.3 Voltages and 60664-1 is An overvoltage category according to the
C
voltage ratings applicable expected use of the equipment, taking info

account the characteristics of the system to
lic
which it is intended to be connected

4.3.2.2.1 Equipment Selection whether the voltage is based on:
energized
b
directly from - line-to-line voltage, or

Pu
the - line-to-neutral voltage

low- voltage
mains In the latter, case that technical committees
need to specify how to user is to be informed
r
Fo
that the equipment is for use on neutral-

earthed systems only
4.3.3.2.2 Equipment 4.3.3.2.2 of MS Specification of the overvoltage category
energized IEC 60664-1 is based on the general explanation of
directly from applicable overvoltage categories (see also Clause 443
the supply of MS IEC 60364-4-44:2007)
mains
4.7 Information 4.7 of MS IEC Specification of the relevant information to be
supplied with the 60664-1 is supplied with the equipment and the way this
equipment applicable is to be provided
4.8.1 General, of Classification of insulating material into
4.8 Insulating material groups according their CTI values.
Consideration of the electric strength

characteristics as well as the thermal,
mechanical, chemical and water adsorption
characteristics of insulating material
11E040R0 j
committees (continued)
Clause and title of Reference to MS Item to be considered

MS IEC 60664-5:2014 IEC 60664-1:2014 (in case of reference to MS IEC 60664-
1:2014, consideration of the relevant
4.8.3 Electric 4.8.2 of MS IEC consideration of the electric strength
strength 60664-1 is characteristics of insulating material, taking
characteristics applicable info account the stresses described in 5.3.1,
5.3.2.2.1 and 5.3.2.3.1
4.8.4 Thermal 4.8.3 of MS IEC Consideration of the thermal characteristics
characteristics 60664-1 is of insulating material taking into account the
applicable stresses described in 5.3.2.2.2, 5.3.2.3.2 and
5.3.3.5.
t
NOTE See also the IEC 60216 series
en
4.8.5 Mechanical 4.8.4 of MS IEC Consideration of the mechanical and
and chemical 60664-1 is chemical characteristics of insulating
characteristics applicable material, taking info account the stresses
5.4.2.2. Mechanical 5.3.2.2.3 of MS IEC m

described in 5.3.2.2.3, 5.3.2.3.3 and 5.3.2.4
Consideration of inadequate impact strength,
om
shock 60664-1 is mechanical shock and reduced impact
applicable strength of materials when specifying
environmental condition for transportation,
C
storage, installation and use.

5.4.2.4 Other 5.3.2.4 of MS IEC Consideration of other stresses such as:
lic
stresses 60664-1 is
applicable - radiation, both ultraviolet and ionizing
- stress-crazing or stress-cracking caused by
b
exposure to solvents or active chemicals;

Pu
- the effect of migration of plasticizers;

- the effect of bacteria, moulds or fungi;
- mechanical creep
5.4.3.2.1 General, 5.3.3.2.1 of MS IEC Specification which voltage ratings are to be
r
from 5.3.3.2 60664-1 is assigned to their equipment

Fo
Withstand of applicable
voltage
stresses
5.4.3.2.5 High- Specification whether a test according to
frequency 6.1.3.7 is necessary
voltage
5.4.3.3 Withstand of 5.3.3.3 of MS IEC Specification of severity levels
short-term 60664-1 is
heating applicable
stresses
5.4.3.4 Withstand of 5.3.3.4 of MS IEC Specification of severity levels
mechanical 60664-1 is
stresses applicable
5.4.3.5 Withstand of 5.3.3.5 of MS IEC Specification whether a test is necessary.
long-term 60664-1 is (See also IEC 60085 and the IEC 60216
heating applicable series)
stresses
committees (continued)

5.4.3.7 Withstand of 5.3.3.7 of MS IEC Statement of other stresses and specification
other 60664-1 is of test methods
stresses applicable
6.1.2.2.1.2 Selection For the test conditions, specification of
of impulse temperature and humidity values.
test
voltage Consideration whether sampling tests or
routine tests have to be carried out in addition
to type tests.
6.1.3.1 Selection of Specification as to which type tests are
t
tests required for the respective stresses occurring
en
in the equipment.
m
Specification of tests performed as sample
and routine tests in order t ensure the quality
om
of the insulation during production.
Specification of the tests, and conditioning as
appropriate, with test parameters adequate to
detect faults without causing damage to the
C
insulation
6.1.3.2 Conditioning 6.1.3.2 of MS IEC Specification of the appropriate conditioning
lic
60664-1 is method
applicable
6.1.3.4.1 Test Consideration whether the a.c. test voltage
b
method needs to be substituted by a d.c. test voltage

Pu
of a value equal to the peak value of the a.c.

voltage, taking into account that this test will
be less stringent than the a.c. voltage test
6.1.3.5.2 Verification Specification of:
r
Fo
- the test circuit (Clause C.1);

- the measuring equipment (Clauses C.3
D.2);
- the measuring frequency (C.3.1 and D.3.3);
- the test procedure (6.1.3.5.3)
according to the kind of test specimen

6.1.4.5 Test criteria 6.1.4.5 of MS IEC Specification whether partial discharges in
60664-1 is clearances which do not result in breakdown
applicable are disregarded.
6.1.5.1 Test purposes 6.1.5.1 of MS IEC Specification of test voltages not higher than
other than 60664-1 is those required for insulation coordination
insulation applicable
coordination

11E040R0 j
committees (concluded)

6.1.5.2 Sampling 6.1.5.2 of MS IEC Specification of sampling tests and routine
and routine 60664-1 is tests intended to ensure production quality.
tests applicable
Specification of test voltages in no case
higher than those required for type testing
C.2.1 General, to Specification of:
C.2 Test - the frequency ft of the test voltage (C.2.2.);
parameters - the specified discharge magnitude
(6.1.3.5.4.1);
t
- the climatic conditions for the PD test
en
(C.2.3).
m
NOTE It may be necessary to have different
specifications for the type test and the routine test.
C.2.2 Requirements Consideration of the possible effect of
om
for the test frequency on discharge magnitude
voltage
C
b lic
r Pu
Fo

C.2 Optional specifications by technical committees
the following list and to decide on the options:
Table C.2 Clauses and titles of MS IEC 60664-5 and optional specifications for
Clause and title of MS Reference to Items to be considered

IEC 60664-5:2014 MS IEC 60664- (in case of reference to MS IEC 60664-
4.3.3.2.3 Systems and 4.3.3.2.3 of Specification of overvoltage categories or
equipment MS IEC 60664-1 rated impulse voltages as appropriate.
not energized is applicable Recommendation to apply the preferred
directly from series of 4.2.3
t
the low-
en
voltage
mains
m
5.2.1 General, of To take into account that the dimensioning for
5.2 Dimensioning of steady-state r.m.s. or recurring peak voltage
om
clearances leads to a situation in which there is no
margin to breakdown with the continuous
application of these voltages
5.2.6 Dimensioning of Specification of further details when
C
clearances of dimensioning clearances to accessible

basic, surfaces of insulating material
lic
supplementary
and reinforced
b
insulation
5.3.2.3.2 Dimensioning To take into account the insulation resistance
Pu
to maintain for dimensioning when a maximum leakage

insulation current between live parts or between live
resistance parts and an accessible surface of equipment
r
is specified
Fo
5.3.4 Dimensioning of Specification or further details when

creepage dimensioning creepage distances to
distances of accessible surfaces of insulating material
basic,
supplementary
and reinforced
insulation
5.4.2.3.3 Mechanical 5.3.2.3.3 of MS Consideration of mechanical stresses when
stresses IEC 60664-1 is specifying conditions for testing long-term
applicable stresses
5.4.3.1 General, of 5.3.3.1 of MS Specification of further details when
5.4.3 Requirements IEC 60664-1 is considering electrical stresses to accessible
applicable surfaces of solid insulation

11E040R0 j
Table C.2 Clauses and titles of MS IEC 60664-5 and optional specifications for
consideration by technical committees (concluded)
Clause and title of MS Reference to MS Items to be considered

IEC 60664-5:2014 IEC 60664- (in case of reference to MS IEC 60664-
6.1.1 General, of Consideration to combine any high-voltage
6.1 Tests test with a partial discharge measurement
according to 6.1.3.5 and Annex C for test
specimen that, after type testing, is intended
or required for further use
6.1.2.2.1.1 General, of Specification of alternative dielectric tests
6.1.2.2.1 Impulse according to 6.1.2.2.2
voltage
dielectric
t
test
en
6.1.2.2.1.1 General, of For practical application, rounding of the
6.1.2.2.1 Impulse values of Table F.5 for the impulse test
m
voltage voltages
dielectric
om
test
6.1.2.2.2.1 General, of Specification of an a.c. or d.c. voltage test
6.1.2.2.2 Alternatives for particular equipment as an alternative
to impulse method to the impulse voltage test given in
C
voltage 6.1.2.2.1, taking into account that they can

dielectric overload and damage certain solid
lic
tests insulations
6.1.3.2 Selection of Specification of test methods regarding
tests vibration and mechanical shock before the
b
dielectric testing
Pu
6.1.3.4.1 Test method Reduction of the duration of the test to a

minimum value of 5 s in those cases where
the short-term temporary overvoltage leads
to the most stringent requirements with
r
Fo
respect to the amplitude of the test voltage

6.1.3.4.1 Test method Introduction of a safety margin on the test
voltage in case of testing with respect to
high steady-state stresses including high
recurring peak voltage
C.4.3 Calibration When specifying time intervals for
for the PD test recalibration consideration that, in case of
insufficient sensitivity at the PD meter,
potentially harmful discharges cannot be
detected.
Annex F, Table Use of dimensions based on own
F.4, Creepage experience for Table 4 values for voltages
distances to avoid higher than 10 000 V
failure due to
tracking

C.3 Clauses requiring activity by the manufacturer
When applying MS IEC 60664-5 in addition to a product standard or in absence of a relevant one, the
manufacturer is required not only to carry out all relevant dimensioning and tests but also to carry out
the items in the following list, where he specifically is mentioned:.
Table C.3 Clauses and titles of IEC 60664-5 and required manufacturer activities
Clause and title of Reference to MS Activity required

MS IEC 60664- IEC (in case of reference to MS IEC 60664-
5:2014 60664-1:2014 1:2014, consideration of the relevant
3.9 Rated voltage Assignment of the value of voltage to a
component, device or equipment and to
which operation and performance
characteristics are referred
t
3.9.1 Rated Assignment of the r.m.s. withstand voltage
en
insulation value to the equipment or to a part of it,
voltage characterizing the specified (long-term)
withstand capability of its insulation
3.9.2 Rated
impulse m
Assignment of the impulse withstand voltage
value to the equipment or to a part of it,
om
voltage characterizing the specified withstand
capability of its insulation against transient
overvoltages
C
3.9.3 Rated Assignment of the recurring peak withstand

recurring peak voltage value to the equipment or to a part of
lic
voltage it, characterizing the specified withstand

capability of its insulation against recurring
peak voltages
b
3.9.4 Rated Assignment of the temporary withstand

Pu
temporary overvoltage value to the equipment or to a

overvoltage part of it, characterizing the specified short-
term withstand capability of its insulation
against a.c. voltages
r
5.3.2.4 Orientation 5.2.2.4 of MS IEC If necessary, indication of the intended

Fo
and 60664-1 is applicable orientation of the equipment or component in

location of order that creepage distances be not
a creepage adversely affected by the accumulation of
distance pollution for which they were not designed
6.1.5.2 Sampling 6.1.5.2 of MS IEC Specification of sampling tests and routine
and routine 60664-1 is applicable tests intended to ensure production quality.
tests They are carried out with the waveforms and
voltage levels such that faults are detected
without causing damage to the equipment
(solid insulation or components)

11E040R0 j
Annex D
(informative)
Dimensioning of clearances and creepage distances for d.c. voltages

above 1 000 V d.c.
D.1 Introductory remark

MS IEC 60664-1:2014 deals with the insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage
systems having a rated d.c. voltage up to 1 500 V. The tables in MS IEC 60664-1:2014 given
no specific values for d.c. voltages beyond 1 000 V and up to 1 500 V. This Annex D amends
t
en
the tables of Annex F of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
D.2 Rated impulse voltage for equipment energized directly from the
low-voltage mains
m
om
Table D.1 can be used in addition to the information provided in Table F.1 of MS IEC 60664-
1:2014
C
Table D.1 Rated impulse voltage for equipment

lic
Nominal voltage of Voltage line to neutral Rated impulse voltage

the supply system derived from nominal
based on IEC 60038 d.c. voltages up to
b
and including
Pu
V
Single phase I II III IV
r
V V V V V
Fo
Refer to Table F.1 in Up to 1 000 V, refer to Refer to Table F.1 in MS IEC 60664-
MS IEC 60664-1:2014 Table F.1 in MS IEC 1:2014
60664-1:2014
1 500 d.c.b 1 500 6000 8000 10 000 15 000

a
See 4.3.3.2.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014 for an explanation of the overvoltage categories
b
Information in line with railway application, consistency to be checked with technical committee 64.

D.3 Dimensioning of clearances of basic, supplementary and
reinforced insulation
Clearances of basic and supplementary insulation are each dimensioned as specified in
Table F.2 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014.
With respect to impulse voltages, clearances of reinforced insulation should be dimensioned

as described e.g. in 5.1.6 of MS IEC 60664-1:2014
D.4 Dimensioning of creepage distance
For dimensioning of creepage distance for d.c. voltages above 1 000 V, see Table F.4 of MS
IEC 60664-1:2014.
t
en
m
om
C
b lic
r Pu
Fo

11E040R0 j
Bibliography
[1] IEC 60050-151, International electrotechnical vocabulary – Part 151: Electrical and
magnetic device
[2] IEC 60050-212, International electrotechnical vocabulary – Part 212: Electrical insulating
solids, liquids, and gases
[3] IEC 60050-604, International electrotechnical vocabulary – Part 604: Generation,

transmission and distribution of electricity – Operation
[4] IEC 60050-826, Electrical installations
[5] IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
[6] IEC 60079 (all parts), Explosive atmospheres
t
[7] IEC 60194, Printed board design, manufacture and assembly – Terms and definitions
en
[8] IEC 60669-1:1998, Switches for household and similar fixed-electrical installation – Part 1:
General requirements Amendment 1 (1999), Amendment 2 (2006)
m
[9] IEC 60947-1:2007, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: General rules
om
[10] IEC 62019:1999, Electrical accessories – Circuit-breakers and similar equipment for
household use – Auxiliary contact units Amendment 1 (2002)
C
[11] ISO/IEC Guide 2, Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary

b lic
r Pu
Fo

Acknowledgements
Members of Technical Committee on Electrical Installation, Protection and Insulation

Practice
Ir Rocky Wong Hon Thang (Chairman) The Electrical and Electronics Association of
Malaysia
Ms Khong Choy Tai (Secretary) The Electrical and Electronics Association of
Malaysia
Ir Ahmad Rashidi Zainudin Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
Mr Lim Siang Leong EITA Resources Bhd
Ir Chew Shee Fuee G. H. Liew Engineering (1990) Sdn Bhd
Dato’ Rusmani Muhamad Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia
Dato’ Ir Haji Mohd Fazli Osman/ Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Ir Nizar Othman
t
Mr Khung Chiang Sing/ Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd
en
Mr Chong Kok Leong
Mr Hii Hii Kwong Sarawak Energy Berhad
Mr Surian Rasol SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Haji Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman/
Mr Mohd Azizi Che Aziz m
Suruhanjaya Tenaga
om
Ir Tan Chow Heang Tenaga Nasional Berhad (Distribution Division)
Mr Nur Azlan Abdul Malek Tenaga Nasional Berhad (Generation Division)
Mr Nageswara Rao Time Era Sdn Bhd
C
Prof Dr Hew Wooi Ping/ Universiti Malaya

Dr Che Hang Seng
lic
Members of Working Group on Insulation Coordination for Equipment with Low

Voltage
b
System
Pu
Ir Chang Yew Cheong Abbaco Controls Sdn Bhd

Ir Lim Kim Ten The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Assoc Prof Dr. Rodney Tan UCSI University
r
Fo
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DRAFT

dimensioning examples and dielectric

OFFICER/SUPPORT STAFF: (ZZ / )

Committee representation .......................................................................................................... ii

Foreword .................................................................................................................................... iii

2 Normative references ................................................................................................. 1

6 Practical application of the IEC 60664 series with regards to

7 Examples of a dimensioning worksheet

(Based on case A as described in MS IEC 60664-1:2013)......................................44

Annex A Overview of Clauses of IEC 60664-1 requiring decisions by

Annex B Overview of Clauses of IEC 60664-4 requiring decisions by

Annex C Overview of Clauses of IEC 60664-5 requiring decisions by

Annex D Dimensioning of clearances and creepage distances for d.c.

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved i

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

EITA Resources Berhad

Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd

The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia

Time Era Sdn Bhd

Abbaco Controls Sdn Bhd

ii © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved iii

This Malaysian Standard provides information relating to insulation coordination, as described

particular, technical committees and manufacturers should consider a partial discharge

surface of the insulation material;

e) flashover; besides tracking, this is increasingly important with reduction of creepage

iv © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

The significant items for consideration are as follows:

a) nominal system voltage(s) or rated insulation voltage(s);

MS IEC 60085:2013, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation

MS IEC 60364-4-44:2007, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-44: Protection for

MS IEC 60664-1:2014, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems –

MS IEC 60664-3:2014, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems –

MS IEC 60664-4:2014, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems –

MS IEC 60664-5:2014, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems –

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved 1

3 Terms and definitions

3.1 apparent charge (q)

[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.18.1] m

For frequencies exceeding 30 kHz the field is considered to be approximately homogeneous

[MS IEC 60664-4:2014, 3.1]

3.3 base material

Insulating material upon which a conductive pattern may be formed.

(IEC 60194, definition 40.1334)

[MS IEC 60664-3:2014, 3.1]

3.4 basic insulation

Insulation of hazardous-live-parts which provides basic protection.

[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.17.2]

2 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2015 - All rights reserved

Shortest distance in air between two conductive parts.

[MS IEC 60664-1:2014, 3.2]

[IEC 60664-3:2005, 3.5]

(IEC 60194, definition 22.0251)

[MS IEC 60664-3:2014, 3.3]

[IEC 60664-1:2007, 3.3]