DEFINITION OF THEORY ISSUES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRAGATION

- Theory - Human pollution

- Idea - Global warming

- Principles - Climate Change

- Concept

- Subjective

- Solving problems based on what people did in the past

PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE

- Proximity

- Symmetry

- Balance

- Rhythm

- Proportion

- Hierarchal

- Massing

THEORY OF SYSTEM
` process output
Rationalism + +
Utopianism - +
Methodism + -
Incrementalism - -
*Process

- Plus – I know how to do it

- Minus – I don’t know how to do it

*Output

- Plus – I know what I want

- Minus – I don’t know what I want

ORGANIZATION FOR GREEN BUILDING

Local – BERDE

Building for Ecologically Responsive Design Excellence

International – LEED

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

 BERDE international acclaimed standards, non compliance and

Building for Ecologically Responsive Design Excellence immediately disqualify project

- Is a green building rating system and tool to measure verify 8. BERDE Certification Process and Assessment And

and monitor performance of building and environmental Certification

regulations and standards a. Design and Operations

1. Deployment and Development Plans, photography, reports

1st launched in 2007 BERDE rating systems 2010 b. As Built Assessment Phase

BERDE for new construction in 2011 Actual site – visit by the assessment team

- Superseded by BERDE retrofit and renovations 9. Fees

2. Applicants a. 50 k for registration fee

Stakeholders, developers, contractors, project b. Assessment and certification is dependent on the gross

managers, architects, engineers, trainees, educators floor area

3. Government Endorsement Ex. 60, 000 sq. m.

Supported by department of energy, but use is PHP 540,000 fee

voluntary

4. Certified Body ○ Management

Philippine Green Building Council Focuses on environmental performances of a building from pre

5. Construction Assessment construction or design phase to post construction to

11 Categories: commissioning and operation

1. Management (14) - Commitment of local codes

2. Land Use and Ecology (20) - Establishing commissioning teams

3. Water (7) ○ Land Use and Ecology

4. Energy (9) Utilization of land

5. Transportation (18) - Issues on condition and the development of the site

6. Indoor Environment Quality (7) - Pollution control from construction activities

7. Materials (6) - Protection of biodiversity and reduction of environmental

8. Emissions (4) impacts

9. Waste (11) ○ Water

10. Heritage conservation (4) Reduction of potable water consumption and waste water

11. Innovation (10) discharge

Total points: 200 - Reduction of potable water for landscape irrigation

6. Five Levels of Award ○ Energy

Ranging from 1 to 5 star Reduction of energy consumption and energy efficiency

7. Mandatory Criteria - Sustainable design

Must comply with the mandatory parameter - Passive cooling

- Embody mandatory minimum requirements set by the - Day lighting

Philippine Laws, rules and regulations ordinances and ○ Transportation

Lessening transportation circulation, thus lowering carbon

emission

- Use landscapes instead of hardscapes to reduce carbon

emission

○ Indoor Environment Quality

Human comfort, thermal levels, acoustics and views

○ Materials
Deals with hazardous substances measured with recycled content

- This category focuses on civil works, electrical works, and

architectural finishes

○ Emissions
Carbon inventory, prevention of refrigerant leak, controlling

emissions from equipment like combustion and burning

○ Waste
Waste in building from design to construction, operation and

deconstruction stage

- Waste management, recycling and recovery facility

○ Heritage Conservation
Historic and heritage and preservation, protection

○ Innovation
Encourage industry innovate new technology that will impact

environmental performance of the building

 RESOURCES electrical grids as well as in a small individual turbines for

- Satisfy human needs providing electricity to rural residences or grid – isolated

- locations

Classification:  Hydroelectric power/ Wave Power

Is the force or energy or moving water

○ Based on origin: - Was used for irrigation and operation of various machines,

Biotic Resources such as watermills, textile machines, and sawmills

- Obtained from biosphere – part of the earth in which life  Geothermal Energy
can exist Is energy obtained by tapping the heat of the earth

- Coal and Petroleum are considered biotic - Energy derives from radioactive decay of elements like

From decayed organic Uranium and Thorium in the Earth’s core

Abiotic Resources
- Non living things ○ Non renewable Resources
- Resources formed over very long geological periods

○ Based on stage of development: - Cannot be replenished once they depleted

Potential Resources - Only metallic materials be re used by recycling

- Resources which exist in a region and may be used in the - Cannot be recycled

future - Ex. Minerals, fossils, coals and petroleum

Actual Resources
- Resource which have been surveyed, their quantity and Examples of Non renewable Resources

quality determined and are being used in present times  Fossil Fuels
- Or mineral fuels are hydrocarbons found within the top layer of

○ Based on renewability: the earth’s crust

Renewable Resources - Coal, petroleum and natural gas

- Resources which can be replenished or reproduced easily  Coal

- Black or blackish mineral substances formed from the

Example of Renewable resources compaction of the ancient plant matter in tropical swamp

 Solar Power condition

Technology of obtaining usable energy from the light of the sun - Used as fuel and in chemical industry

 Solar Energy
Energy that is collected from sunlight Classification of Coal According to Carbon Content

- To generate electricity using photovoltaic solar cells Anthracite – Shiny with 90% carbon

- Heat buildings directly, through a passive solar design Bituminous – Shiny and dull patches with 75% carbon

 Wind Power Lignite – woody, grading into peat about 50% carbon

Conversion of wind energy into more useful forms, usually

electricity wind turbines Petroleum

- Wind power is used in large scale wind farms or national Mineral oil, a thick greenish brown flammable liquid found
underground in permeable

- Consists of hydrocarbon mixed, sulfur, nitrogen and other

elements sin varying proportions

- Formed with the remains of marine plant and animal life

which existed many millions of years ago

Products of Petroleum

Fuel Oil

Petrol

Kerosene

Diesel

Lubrication Oil

Mineral Resources

One of the major kinds of renewable resources

- Minerals are not uniform throughout the earth

ECOSYSTEM Coral Ecosystems

- A community of living organism and conjunction with the - Is a diverse collection of species that interact with each other

noon living things components of their environment and the physical environment. The sun is the initial source of

(Things like air, water and mineral oil) interacting as a system energy for this ecosystem

- Composed of biotic and abiotic components and regarded as Coastal Ecosystem

linked together through nutrient cycles and energy - Are regions of remarkable biological productivity and high

- Includes the study of how specific living organisms accessibility

Lowland Ecosystem
Biotic Abiotic
- Has a wide range of facors that influence the characteristics

of landscape

Upland Ecosystem
Nutrient Cycles
- Habitats are cold, clear, rocky, fast flowing rivers in
and Energy Flows
mountains areas.

 Artificial Ecosystem
- Meets all the criteria of a natural ecosystem but is made and
ECOSYSTEM
controlled by humans

2 Types of Ecosystem 1. Land – part of the surface of the Earth that is not covered

 Natural Ecosystem with water

- Occurs as it would without influence of human beings 2. Resources – stock or supply of goods and services that can

be drawn from the land

Under natural ecosystem: 3. Resource Environment – this refers to the sociobiology –

physical environment that characterizes and defines the

Marine Ecosystem conditions in the upland

- Are among the Earth’s aquatic ecosystems considering that 4. Grassland Ecosystem – a biological community that

the Earth’s surface is 70% water contains few trees or shrubs, is characterized by mixed

- herbaceous (non woody) vegetation cover, and is dominated

Types of Marine Ecosystem by grasses or grass like plants

Slope and Basin Ecosystems 5. Forest Ecosystem – is one major ecological unit that exist

- Marine ecosystems are the most extensive on Earth as home for a community of both native or introduces,

accounting to more than 90 of the ocean and 65% of the classified organisms.

globe

Submarine Canyon Ecosystems

- Deep sea submarine canyons are deep incisions of the

continental shelf and slop dissecting much of the European

origin