States of Matter

Chapter 5
States of Matter
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. The average kinetic energy associated with one mole of a gas is
3 3 1 1
(1) RT (2) KT (3) RT (4) KT
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
1
PV  mnu2
3
2
or, RT  K.E (For 1 mole)
3
 K.E.  3 RT
2
2. 0.2 g of a gas X occupies a volume of 0.44 litre at given pressure and temperature. Under identical conditions of
P and T, 0.1 g of CO2 gas occupies 0.32 L volume. The gas X can be
(1) O2 (2) SO2 (3) NO (4) C4H10
Sol. Answer (2)
Mx = 0.2 g Vx = 0.44 L
mCO2 = 0.1 g VCO2 = 0.32 L
P and T are constant
V1 V2 ⎡ V1 ⇒ Vx ⎤
 n n ⎢ ⎥
1 2 ⎣⎢ V2 ⇒ VCO2 ⎦⎥
0.44  Mx 0.32  44

0.2 0.1
Mx = 64
Molecular mass of SO2 is also equal to 64.
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86 States of Matter Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
3. A sample of gas at constant temperature occupies 95 cm3 under a pressure of 9.962 × 104 N/m2. At the same
temperature, its volume at a pressure of 10.13 × 104 N/m2 is
(1) 190 cm3 (2) 93 cm3 (3) 46.5 cm3 (4) 47.5 cm3
Sol. Answer (2)
V1 = 95 ml = 0.095 L
P1 = 9.962  104 N/m2 [T1 = T2]
V2 = ?
P2 = 10.13  104 N/m2
P1V1 = P2V2
9.962  104  95 = 10.13  104  V2
V2 = 93.42 cm3
 V2  93 cm3
4. 200 ml of He at 0.66 atm pressure and 400 ml of O2 at 0.52 atm pressure are mixed in a 400 ml vessel at
25°C. The partial pressure of He and O2 will be
(1) 0.33, 0.52 (2) 0.52, 0.33 (3) 0.22, 0.45 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
V1 = 200 ml, P1 = 0.66 atm
V2 = 400 ml, P2 = 0.52 atm
1
P
V
Final volume of gas = volume at container

 volume of He increases from 200 ml to 400 ml.
 Pressure will decrease in the same ratio.
Pinitial 0.66
 PFinal(He) = =  0.33 atm
2 2
and for O2 remains constant.
5. Two identical bulbs containing ideal gases A and B are taken. Density of A is twice that of B. Mol wt. of A is half
that of B. If the two gases are at the same temperature, the ratio of pressure of A & B is
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 4 : 1 (4) 2 : 1
Sol. Answer (3)
dA = 2dB
MB
MA = [T1 = T2]
2
PA : P B = ?
PV = nRT
Solution of Assignment (Set-2) States of Matter 87
 PAMA = dART … (i)
and PBMB = dBRT … (ii)
(i)  (ii)
PA MA d A
 PM  d
B B B
PA
 P  22
B
PA : PB = 4 : 1
6. Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

(1) At 273°C and 1 atm pressure the volume of a given mass of gas will be twice the volume at 0°C and 1 atm
pressure
(2) At –136.5°C and 1 atm pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas will be half its volume at 0°C and 1 atm
(3) The mass ratio of equal volumes of NH3 and H2S under similar conditions of temperature and pressure is
1:2
(4) The molar ratio of equal masses of CH4 and SO2 is 1 : 4
Sol. Answer (4)
n1 M2

n2 M1
n1 64 4
 n 16

1
2
n1 : n2 = 4 : 1
7. At what temperature, the average speed of gas molecules will be double that at 27°C ?
(1) 27°C (2) 327°C (3) 527°C (4) 927°C
Sol. Answer (4)
8RT
uav 
M
uav1 T1
 [uav2 = 2uav1 ]
uav 2 T2
1 T1 T1 1
  T 4
2 T2 2
T2 = 300  4
T2 = 1200 K
 T2 = 927°C
8. At relatively high pressure, van der Waal’s equation reduces to

(1) PVm = RT (2) PVm = RT – a/Vm2 (3) PVm = RT + Pb (4) PVm = RT – a/Vm
Sol. Answer (3)
At high pressure,
⎛ a ⎞ ⎛ a ⎞
⎜⎜ P  2 ⎟⎟  P  ⎜⎜ P  2 ⎟⎟  Vm  b  
RT
⎝ Vm ⎠ ⎝ Vm ⎠
 (Vm – b)P = RT
 PVm – Pb = RT
PVm Pb
or PVm = RT + Pb or  
1
RT RT
Pb
 z 
1
RT
Pb
 z 1 
RT
9. Which of the following graphs represent Boyle’s law correctly? (n1 and n2 are number of moles)
T1, n2 n2, T2
V n1< n2 P n < n2 P n2, T2
n2 > n1
P n2, T2
n2 < n1
(1) (2) n1, T1 1 (3) (4)
T2, n1 T1 = T2 T1= T2 T1= T2 T1= T2
n1, T1 n1, T1
P V V V
Sol. Answer (3)

n
P
V
Greater the number of moles, more will be pressure.
10. Critical temperature and critical pressure value of four gases are given
Gas Critical Critical
Temp. (K) Pressure (atm)
P 5.1 2.2
Q 33 13
R 126 34
S 135 40
Which of the following gas(es) cannot be liquefied at a temperature 100 K and pressure 50 atm ?
(1) S only (2) P only (3) R and S (4) P and Q
Sol. Answer (4)
R  T = 126 K
S  T = 135
The temperature above which gas cannot be liquefied both R and S have temperature greater than 100 K.
11. 2 g of a gas A is introduced into an evacuated flask kept at 25°C. The pressure is found to be
1 atm. If 3 g of another gas B is added to the same flask the total pressure becomes 1.5 atm, assuming ideal gas
behaviour. The ratio of molecular weight of gas A to gas B (MA : MB) is
(1) 2 : 3 (2) 1 : 3 (3) 3 : 4 (4) 4 : 5
Sol. Answer (2)
PV = nRT
mRT
 PM 
V
mRT
or M = … (i)
PV
m1 (A) = 2g, m2 (B)= 3 g
P1 = 1 atm P2 = 1.5 atm
MA m A  PB
 M  P  m [T = constant]
B A B
2  0.5 1
=  [increase in pressure = 0.5 atm]
1 3 3
12. 50 ml of mixture of NH3 and H2 are decomposed to yield N2 and H2 and to the resulting mixture 40 ml O2 is
added and the mixture is sparked to yield H2O. When the resulting mixture of gases were passed through alkaline
pyrogallol 6 ml contraction was observed. Calculate the percentage composition of NH3 in the original mixture
(1) 85% (2) 72% (3) 68% (4) 48%
Sol. Answer (2)

N2  3H2
2NH3
x ml x 3
x
2 2
3

Volume of H2 x  50 – x
2
Volume of O2 used = 40 –6 = 34 ml.

2H2 + O2  2H2O
x  100 1  x  100

2 2 2
x  100
 34
4
x = 136 – 100 = 36.
36
% of NH3   100 72
50
13. For H2 and He, compressibility factor (Z) and molar volume (Vm) at STP are
(1) Z > 1, Vm < 22.4 litre (2) Z < 1, Vm > 22.4 litre
(3) Z > 1, Vm > 22.4 litre (4) Z < 1, Vm < 22.4 litre
Sol. Answer (3)
14. A 10 cm air column is trapped inside the tube (having uniform area of cross section) by 6 cm of Hg and is
placed horizontally to the plane. Calculate the length of air column when the tube is placed vertically with
opened end up.
(1) 9.26 cm (2) 10 cm (3) 10.25 cm (4) 11.5 cm
Sol. Answer (1)
Hg 76 cm
P1V1  P2 V2
Air
P1 l1 a  P2 l2 a
10 cm 6 cm
= l1 6 cm
76×10 = (76+6) l2
O2
760 190

l2   9.05
82 21
15. A vertical hollow cylinder of height 152 cm is fitted with a weightless piston. The lower half is filled with an ideal
1
gas and the upper half with mercury. The cylinder is now heated at 300 K, so that th of the mercury comes out.
4
Find the temperature at which it will happen assuming thermal expansion of Hg to be negligible
(1) 340 K (2) 330.6 K (3) 328.12 K (4) 322.2 K
Sol. Answer (3)
P1 = 76 + 76 P2 = 76 + 57 = 133 P = atm.
V 5
V1 = V2 = V Hg 76 cm
2 8
air 76 cm
T1 = 300 K T2 = ?
P1V1 P2 V2
 
T1 T2
133  300  5
T2  328.12 K
152  4
16. The mass percent composition of dry air at sea level is given. The partial pressure of each component will be
(1) The ratio of their masses (2) The ratio of their volumes
(3) The ratio of their moles (4) None of these

Sol. Answer (3)
∵ Partial pressure = mole fraction × Total pressure

n
px  P ⇒ px  n
N
17. Five molecules of a gas moving with speeds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 km/s. What is their root mean square speed?
(1) 55 km/s (2) 44 km /s (3) 11 km /s (4) 6 km /s
Sol. Answer (3)
12  22  32  42  52
vrms 
5
5  5  1 2  5  1 5  6  11
 
65 65
 11 km/s.
18. Two samples of gases A and B are at the same temperature. The molecules of A are travelling four times faster
mA
than the molecules of B. The ratio of m of their masses will be
B
(1) 16 (2) 4 (3) 1/4 (4) 1/16

Sol. Answer (4)
MA CB2 12 1
  
MB C2A 4 2 16
19. Select the order of following temperatures for a gas

(A) Boyle’s temperature
(B) Critical temperature
(C) Inversion temperature
(1) A > C > B (2) B > A > C (3) A > B > C (4) C > A > B
Sol. Answer (4)
a 8a 2a
TB  , TC  , Ti 
Rb 27Rb Rb
20. The term that corrects for the attractive forces present in a real gas in the van der Waals equation is
[IIT-JEE 2009]
an2 an2
(1) nb (2) (3) – (4) – nb
V2 V2
Sol. Answer (2)

Correction factor in pressure is directly proportional to square of density.
an2
 It is
V2
21. For one mole of a van der Waal’s gas when b = 0 and T = 300 K, the PV vs. 1/V plot is shown below. The value
of the van der Waal’s constant 'a' (atm. litre2 mol–2) is [IIT-JEE 2012]
24.6 [Graph not to scale]
PV (litre-atm mol )
–1
23.1
21.6
20.1
0 2.0 3.0
1 (mol litre–1)
V
(1) 1.0 (2) 4.5 (3) 1.5 (4) 3.0
Sol. Answer (3)
⎛ a ⎞
⎜⎝ P  2 ⎟⎠ V = RT
V
a
PV + = RT
V
a
PV = RT –
V
⎛ 1⎞
So, Plot of (PV) vs ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ has slope – a.
V
20.1  24.6
 slope =  – 1.5
3
 a = 1.5 atm L2 mol–2
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. Which of the following graphs represent Boyle’s law?
P PV log P P
(1) (2) (3) (4)
V P log V 1/V
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
According to Boyle’s law,
1
V ( T constant)
P
 PV = K (constant)
 logP = – logV + logK
y = mx + C (straight line}
Slope (m) = negative
2. Which of the following are characteristics of a real gas?
(1) The molecules attract each other
(2) It obeys the ideal gas law at low temperature and high pressure
(3) The mass of molecule is negligible
(4) It shows deviation from the ideal gas law
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
According to van der Waal’s equation (for one mole of gas)
⎛ a ⎞
⎜⎝ P  2 ⎟⎠ (V  b) 
RT
V
a
 The pressure exerted by gas molecules on each other.
V2
3. If a given mass of gas is expanded at constant temperature
(1) The pressure decreases
(2) The average kinetic energy of gas molecules remain same
(3) Kinetic energy of gas molecules decreases
(4) The number of molecules of gas increases
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
According to Boyle’s law,
1
V (T constant)
P
and K.E  T ( T  Absolute temperature)
 K.E remains constant.
4. A two litre flask containing 4 g of oxygen is heated from 300 K to 600 K. Which of the following statements
are correct?
(1) The pressure of gas increases (2) The rate of collision increases
(3) The number of moles of the gas increases (4) The energy of the gaseous molecules increases
According to pressure-temperature law,
PT (V  constant)
and according to kinetic theory of gases
1
PV  mnu2
3
K.E.  T
 On increase in temperature, kinetic energy of gas increases therefore the rate of collisions also increases.
5. At low pressures, the van der Waal’s gas equation for 1 mole of a gas may be written as
a RT a
(1) PV = RT + Pb (2) PV = RT (3) P  2
 (4) PV  RT 
V V V
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
At low pressure region (For one mole of gas)
V–bV
⎛ a ⎞
 ⎜⎝ P  2 ⎟⎠ V 
RT
V
a
and, PV +  RT
V
a
 RT 
 PV
V
6. Which statement is correct regarding van der Waal’s constants ‘a’ and ‘b’?
(1) ‘a’ is the measure of force of attraction in between the particles
(2) ‘b’ is the excluded or co-volume of the gas
(3) Higher is the value of ‘a’, easier is the liquefaction of the gas
(4) Lower is the value of ‘b’, easier is the liquefaction of the gas
van der Waal’s equation for one mole of gas is
⎛ a ⎞
⎜⎝ P  2 ⎟⎠ (V  b) 
RT or (P  P  )(V  V  ) 
RT
V
n2
P  [P-Pressure due to force of interaction between gas molecules]
V2
an 2
or, P  
V2
 Greater the value of a, easier is the liquefaction of the gas.
7. The correct relation is
8a a PC VC 3
(1) TC  (2) PC  (3) VC = 3b (4) 
27Rb 27b 2 RTC 8
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
8a
Critical temperature (TC) =
27Rb
a
Critical pressure (PC) =
27b2
Critical volume (VC) = 3 b
and critical coefficient of a gas
RTC
 2.66 [Constant for all real gases)
PC VC
PC VC 3
 RT  8
C
8. The incorrect statement(s) is/are

(1) Gases deviate maximum from ideal behaviour when the temperature is very high and pressure is very low
(2) Gases deviate minimum from the ideal behaviour when the temperature is very low and pressure is very
high
(3) Gases tend to become ideal at Boyle’s temperature over a wide range of pressure
(4) Gases tend to become ideal at inversion temperature
At low pressure and high temperature real gases behave as a ideal gas.
Boyle’s temperature (Tb)  The temperature at which a real gas obey ideal gas equation at low pressure is
known as Boyle’s temp.
a
TB 
Rb
9. The correct statement(s) regarding compressibility factor (Z) is/are
(1) For ideal gas, Z = 1 (2) If Z > 1, then gases are more compressible
(3) If Z < 1, then gases are less compressible (4) For real gas, Z  1 (except at Boyle’s temperature)
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
Z = 1 (for Ideal gas) and Z  1 (for real gas)
10. 4.4 g CO2 gas and 2.24 litre of H2 gas at S.T.P. are taken in a 1 litre container at 27ºC. The total pressure
of gases in container will be
(1) 4.926 atm (2) 3743.76 mm of Hg (3) 1871.88 mm of Hg (4) 2.463 atm
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
PV = nRT
Total pressure (PT) = P1 + P2
(n1  n2 )RT
or, PT  [PT  Total pressure]
V
n1(CO2) = 0.1 mole
2.24
n2(H2) = = 0.1 mole
22.4
(0.1  0.1)  0.0821  300

 PT 
1
PT = 4.926 atm
1atm = 760 mm-Hg
 PT = 3743.76 mm-Hg
11. Which is/are correct for molecular speed of gases?
3PV 8RT
(1) urms  (2) urms > uav (3) ump > uav (4) ump 
M M
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
1
PV  Mu2
3
1
RT  Mu 2
3
3RT
urms 
M
3PV
or, urms 
M
2RT
ump 
M
 urms > uav > ump
12. Which of the following graphs correctly represent Charle’s law?
log V log V V V
(1) (2) (3) (4)
log T log T T –273°C tºC
VT ( P constant)
log V
 log V = log T + log K
y = mx + C
log T
C = log K
And volume of the gas is zero at absolute temperature – 273°C or 0 K
13. Regarding H2 gas, the correct statement(s) is/are

(1) For H2 gas, Z > 1 at 273 K
(2) When H2 gas expands at above inversion temperature, then it shows heating effect
(3) The critical temperature of H2 gas is very high
(4) The value of van der Waal’s constant ‘a’ is very low for H2
Z > 1 for H2, and He at 273 K and if T > Ti heating is produced, van der Waals’ constant ‘a’ is very low for He and
H2 gas.
14. Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) He diffuses at a rate of 8.65 times as much as CO does
(2) He escapes at a rate of 2.65 times as fast as CO does
(3) He escapes at a rate of 4 times as fast as CO2 does
(4) He escapes at a rate of 4 times as fast as SO2 does
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
rHe MCO
(2) r  MHe
CO
rHe 28
 
rCO 4
rHe
 r  2.65
CO
rHe 64
(4) r  4
4
SO2
15. A gas described by van der Waals equation [IIT-JEE 2008]

(1) Behaves similar to an ideal gas in the limit of large molar volumes
(2) Behaves similar to an ideal gas in the limit of large pressures
(3) Is characterised by van der Waals coefficients that are dependent on the identity of the gas but are
independent of the temperature
(4) Has the pressure that is lower than the pressure exerted by the same gas behaving ideally
⎛ a ⎞ a
Because V is very large, so in Van der Waal’s equation ⎜⎝ P  2 ⎟⎠ (V – b) = RT, 2 and b are neglected and
V V
equation becomes PV = RT. Coefficients depends on the identity of the gas but are independent of the temperature.
Real gas exert lower pressure than the same gas behaving ideally due to intermolecular force of attraction.
16. According to kinetic theory of gases IIT-JEE 2011]

(1) Collisions are always elastic
(2) Heavier molecules transfer more momentum to the wall of the container
(3) Only a small number of molecules have very high velocity
(4) Between collisions the molecules move in straight lines with constant velocities
According to Kinetic theory of gases,
(i) Collisions are always elastic
Fraction of
(ii)
molecule
Velocity
(iii) Only collision change the direction of movement of molecule hence it move in a straight line in between
two collisions.
17. One mole of a monoatomic real gas satisfies the equation p(V – b) = RT where b is a constant. The relationship
of interatomic potential V(r) and interatomic distance r for the gas is given by [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
V(r) V(r) V(r) V(r)

(1) 0 (2) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0
r r r r
Sol. Answer (3)
V(r)
0
r
As per given conditions atoms have no interaction at long range but repell at short range.
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
Graham’s Law of Diffusion : The phenomenon of spontaneous intermixing of gases against the law of
gravitation is known as diffusion. If diffusion occurs through small orifice of the container then it is known as
effusion.
The rate of diffusion is expressed as
Volume of gas diffused Moles of gas diffused Distance travelled by gas K

Rate of diffusion =   
Time Time Time M
M is the molar mass of gas.
1. 100 ml of O2 gas diffuses in 10 seconds. 100 ml of gas ‘x’ diffuses in ‘t’ seconds. Gas ‘x’ and time ‘t’ can
be respectively
(1) H2, 2.5 seconds (2) SO2, 16 seconds (3) CO, 10 seconds (4) He, 4 seconds
Sol. Answer (1)
VO2  100ml , t1 = 10 s
Vx = 100 ml, t2 = ?
rO2 Mx
 r  MO2
x
VO2  t x Mx
 V  t  32
x O2
100  t x Mx
 
100  10 32
t 2x M
  x … (i)
100 32
if, t = 2.5
Molecular mass = 2
Then equation (i) will be satisfied.
2. 1 mole of gas H2 and 4 moles of gas O2 is taken inside the vessel, which effuse through a small orifice of
the vessel having same area of cross section and at the same temperature, then which is the correct % of
effused volume of gas H2 and O2 initially respectively? (Assume that the gas H2 does not react with O2 gas)
(1) 50% & 50% (2) 60% & 40% (3) 30% & 70% (4) 10% & 90%
Sol. Answer (1)
V1 M2 ⎡ V1  For H2 ⎤
 ⎢ ⎥
V2 M1 ⎣ V2  For O2 ⎦
V1 32
 
V2 2
V1
 V  4
2
 V1 = 4V2
3. He and Ar are monoatomic gases and their atomic weights are 4 and 40 respectively. Under similar conditions
He will diffuse through semipermeable membrane
(1) 3.16 times as fast as Ar (2) 7.32 times as fast as Ar
(3) 1.58 times as fast as Ar (4) 10 times as fast as Ar
Sol. Answer (1)
r1 M2 ⎡He  1⎤
 ⎢ Ar  2⎥
r2 M1 ⎣ ⎦
r1 40

r2 4.0
r1
 r  3.16
2
 r1 = 3.16 r2
Comprehension-II
The van der Waal’s equation of state for 1 mole real gas is
⎡ a ⎤
⎢P  2 ⎥ ( V  b)  RT
⎣ V ⎦
The virial equation for 1 mole real gas is as follows:
⎡ x y z ⎤
1   
PV  RT⎢ V V 2 V 3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ......to higher power of n⎦
where x, y and z are constants which are known as second, third and fourth virial coefficients respectively.
The temperature at which real gas obeys ideal gas equation i.e., (PV = nRT) is known as Boyle’s temperature.
1. The third virial coefficient of a He gas is 4 × 10–2 (litre/mole)2 then what will be the volume of 2 mole He gas
at NTP?
(1) 44.4 L (2) 44.6 L (3) 44.8 L (4) 45.2 L
Sol. Answer (4)
y = 4  10–2 (third virial coefficient}
y= b2
 b = 0.2 [n = 2 moles]
The volume of 2 moles of He at NTP = 44.8 L
 (V – nb) = 44.8 [ n = 2]
 V – 2  0.2 = 44.8
 V = 45.2 L
8a
2. If the critical temperature of the gas be TC  and TB is the Boyle’s temperature, then which of the
27Rb
following is correct relation between TC and TB?
8 27 4 27
(1) TC  TB (2) TC  TB (3) TC  TB (4) TC  TB
27 8 27 4
Sol. Answer (1)
8a
TC  …(i)
27Rb
a
TB  …(ii)
Rb
8
 TC  T …(iii)
27 B
3. Which of the following is correct statement about Boyle’s temperature (TB)?

(1) Temperature at which second virial coefficient becomes zero
(2) Temperature at which first virial coefficient becomes zero
a
(3) The value of TB is equal to
Rb
(4) Both (1) & (3)

Sol. Answer (4)
B = 0 (First virial coefficient)
a
T = TB (Boyle’s temperature) ∵ B b 
RT
a a
Tb  b
Rb RT
Comprehension-III
In Eudiometric calculations, volume of gases are taken into account on behalf of their moles. We must know
the solution which absorbs gases.
(a) CO2 & SO3 are absorbed by alkalies.
(b) Cl2 is by H2O
(c) O2 is by alkaline pyrogallol
(d) O3 is by terpentine oil.
(e) NO gas by acidified FeSO4
(f) NH3 gas by acids and CuSO4 solution.
20 ml of mixture of CH4 and a gaseous compound of alkyne series were mixed with 100 ml O2 and exploded. The
volume of product after cooling to original room temperature and pressure was 80 ml and on treatment with KOH
solution a contraction of 40 ml in volume was observed.
1. What volume of O2 was used in the above process?

(1) 100 ml (2) 60 ml (3) 40 ml (4) 80 ml
2. The volume of CO2 formed in the above process was

(1) 80 ml (2) 60 ml (3) 40 ml (4) 10 ml
3. The molecular formula of alkyne is

(1) C3H4 (2) C4H6 (3) C2H2 (4) C5H8
Solution of Comprehension-III
1. Answer (2)
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (1)
CH4  2O2  CO2  2H2O

x ml 2x ml x ml
3n  1
CnH2n  2  O2   nCO2  (n  1)H2O
20  X 2 ⎛ 3n 1⎞
(20  x) ⎜⎝ ⎟
2 ⎠
Volume of CO2 formed = x  (20  x )n 

40 … (i)
⎛ 3n – 1⎞
Volume of O2 used = 2x   20 – x  ⎜⎝ ⎟
2 ⎠
3n – 1
O2 remaining = 100 – 2x –  20 – x   40
2
 3n – 1
 60 = 2x   20 – x  … (ii)
2
Solving (i) and (ii), x = 10 and n = 3
Comprehension-IV
All the tubes are of equal and uniform area of cross section.
Air
Air
12cm 8cm
fig.-1
fig.-2
Air
Air
45°
fig.-4
fig.-3
1. Find the length of air column trapped in fig. 2.

(1) 10.85 cm (2) 11.25 cm (3) 12.85 cm (4) 11.75 cm
Sol. Answer (1)
P1 l1 a  P2 l2 a
 76 × 12 = (76 + 8) l2
76  12

 l2  10.85
84
2. The length of air column in fig.3. when the open end is placed vertically down is
(1) 10.85 cm (2) 11.41 cm (3) 12.85 cm (4) 13.41 cm
Sol. Answer (4)
P1 l1 a  P2 l2 a, here the open and down.
76 × 12 = (76 – 8) l2
76  12
l2  13.41
68
3. When the tube is held at an angle of 45° to the plane with open end up, what should be the length of air
column?
(1) 12 cm (2) 11.17 cm (3) 11.0 cm (4) 10.8 cm
Sol. Answer (2)
P = 8 sin 45.
m
8c
Pressure on air when tube is placed by 45° inclined plane h= P
45°
8
is P2 = 76 + 8 sin 45 = 76 +
2
So, P1 l1 a  P2 l2 a,
⎛ 8 ⎞
 76 ×12 = ⎜⎝ 76  ⎟ l2
2⎠
912 912
 l2    11.169 cm
8 81.65
76 
2
Comprehension-V
X and Y are two volatile liquids with molar weights of 10 g mol–1 and 40 g mol–1 respectively. Two cotton plugs,
one soaked in X and the other soaked in Y, are simultaneously placed at the ends of a tube of length
L = 24 cm, as shown in the figure. The tube is filled with an inert gas at 1 atmosphere pressure and a
temperature of 300 K. Vapours of X and Y react to form a product which is first observed at a distance d cm
from the plug soaked in X. Take X and Y to have equal molecular diameters and assume ideal behaviour for
the inert gas and the two vapours. [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
L = 24 cm
Cotton wool Cotton wool

soaked in X d Initial formation soaked in Y
of the product
1. The value of d in cm (shown in the figure), as estimated from Graham's law, is

(1) 8 (2) 12 (3) 16 (4) 20
Sol. Answer (3)
x 40

24 – x 10
x
2
24 – x
x = 16
2. The experimental value of d is found to be smaller than the estimate obtained using Graham's law. This is due
to
(1) Larger mean free path for X as compared to that of Y
(2) Larger mean free path for Y as compared to that of X
(3) Increased collision frequency of Y with the inert gas as compared to that of X with the inert gas
(4) Increased collision frequency of X with the inert gas as compared to that of Y with the inert gas
Sol. Answer (4)
Increased collision frequency of X with the inert gas as compared to that of y with the inert gas. Therefore, the
experimental value of d is found to be smaller than the estimate obtained using Graham’s law.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Ideal gas cannot be liquefied even by attaining 0.003 K with the help of adiabatic
demagnetization.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The van der Waal’s constant ‘a’ is negligible for ideal gas and molecules are assumed as
point masses.
Sol. Answer (1)
In adiabatic demagnetization, H = 0 and force of attraction between gas molecules is negligible when it considered
as point mass. (Ideal gas)
2. STATEMENT-1 : At constant temperature, the gas density is directly proportional to pressure.

and
STATEMENT-2 : More is the pressure on the gas, the denser it becomes.
Sol. Answer (2)
PV = nRT
 PM = dRT
P d ( T  Constant)
3. STATEMENT-1 : Compressibility factor for hydrogen and helium varies with pressure with positive slope at all
pressures.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Even at low pressures, repulsive forces dominate in hydrogen and helium gas.
Sol. Answer (1)
H2 and He, show only positive deviations (z > 1) from ideality and these gases are less compressible than
expected.
4. STATEMENT-1 : The value of van der Waal’s constant a is higher for ammonia than for nitrogen.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is present in ammonia.
Sol. Answer (3)
an2
P
V2
NH3 has intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which increases the value of ‘a’.
5. STATEMENT-1 : N2 and CO at same condition of temperature and pressure have same root mean square velocity
and same average velocity.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Root mean square velocity lies between average velocity and most probable velocity.
Sol. Answer (3)
N2 and CO both has similar molecular mass. Therefore, both has same r.m.s. and average velocity
urms > uav > ump
6. STATEMENT-1 : Rate of diffusion of oxygen is higher than nitrogen gas.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The molecular size of oxygen is smaller than nitrogen.
Sol. Answer (4)
rO2 MN2

rN2 MO2
rO2 28
 r  32
N2
rO2  0.93 rN2
7. STATEMENT-1 : A bottle of dry ammonia and a bottle of dry hydrogen chloride connected through a long tube
are opened simultaneously at both ends, the white ammonium chloride ring first formed will be near the hydrogen
chloride bottle.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to molecular mass.
Sol. Answer (3)
rNH3 NH3
MHCl

rHCl MNH3 HCI
100 cm
rNH3 36.5 100 – x

rHCl 17
VNH3
 1.46
VHCl
lNH3
 1.46
lHCl
x
 1.46
100  x
100 1
1
x 1.46
100
 1.68
x
100
x
1.68
x = 59.52 cm
 From HCl side
Distance = 100 – 59.52 = 40.48 cm
8. STATEMENT-1 : Ethanol have higher vapour pressure than water at 350 K.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Ethanol have weaker intermolecular interactions than water
Sol. Answer (1)
In H2O strong H–bonding is present.
9. STATEMENT-1 : Boyle’s law is limiting law.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Boyle’s law is not valid for every range of temperature and pressure.
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact
10. STATEMENT-1 : Below critical temperature a gas is called vapour.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Vapour pressure is independent from volume.
Sol. Answer (2)
Vapour pressure is measured at equilibrium.
11. STATEMENT-1 : Viscosity of liquid depend on temperature.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Viscosity of H2O2 is more than H2O.
Sol. Answer (2)
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the following
Column-I Column-II
(A) Rate of diffusion (p) Directly proportional to pressure of gas
(B) Partial pressure of gas in a closed vessel (q) Directly proportional to mole fraction
(C) Kinetic energy of gas (r) Inversely proportional to square root of molecular mass
(D) Average velocity (s) Increases with temperature
Sol. Answer A(p, q, r, s), B(q, s), C(s), D(r, s)
(A) r  p
1
r
d
p
or r  [M = 2 × d]
d
 r1  p1 M2
r2 p 2 M1
volume
and r 
time
moles
or r 
time
 r  mole fraction
(B) Partial pressure = mole fraction × total pressure
pA = xA × p
and pA = CA RT
(C) KE  T (Kinetic theory of gases)
8RT
(D) u Ar 
M

Column-I Column-II
(A) Force of attraction is dominating (p) Z < 1
(B) Force of repulsion is dominating (q) Z > 1
(C) Volume of gas molecules is negligible (r) PV = RT + Pb
a
(D) Pressure of CH4 gas is low (s) PV = RT 
V
Sol. Answer A(p, s), B(q, r), C(p, s), D(p, s)
⎛ a ⎞
(A) ⎜⎝ p  2 ⎟⎠ (V  b) 
RT …(i)
V
If force of attraction is dominating
V b  V
a

 pV  RT …(ii)
V
pV a
and  
1
RT VRT
a
Z 1 
VRT
 Z<1
and from equation (i),
⎛ a⎞
 RT  ⎟
⎜⎝ pV
V⎠
(B) When repulsion is dominating
a
p p
V2
From equation (i)
p(V – b) = RT
pV – pb = RT …(iii)
pV = RT + pb
pv pb
or  1
RT RT
 Z 1  pb
RT
 Z>1
(C) Similar to part ‘a’

Z<1
a
 RT 
pV
V
(D) Similar to part ‘a’

at low pressure
V b  V

Column-I Column-II
(A) Molar volume of gas (p) Temperature dependent
(B) Translational K.E. of gas molecules (q) Temperature independent
(C) Vapour density of gas (r) Pressure dependent
(D) Density of a gas (s) Pressure independent
Sol. Answer A(p, r), B(p), C(q, s), D(p, r)
Vmolar
(A) Z 
Videal
Vm = Z Videal
ZnRT
Vm 
p
(B) According to kinetic theory of gases,
2
KE  RT …(i)
3
or KE  T
(D) pV = nRT
pd [T = constant]

Column-I Column-II
1
(A) P  at constant T and n (p) Charle’s law
V
(B) Partial pressure  mole fraction of gas (q) Boyle’s law
in mixture
(C) V  T at constant P and n (r) Avogadro’s law
(D) V  n at constant T and P (s) Dalton’s law
(where n = number of moles of gas)
Sol. Answer A(q), B(s), C(p), D(r)
(A) Boyle’s law
1
V [T = constant]
P
(B) PA = xA × Ptotal
(C) Charles law
VT (P = constant)
(D) Avogadro’s law
Vn (T & P = constant)

Column-I Column-II
Real gases Characteristics
(A) CO2 (p) At room temperature have Z < 1 for moderate pressure
Pb
(B) NH3 (q) Z 1  at high pressure
RT
a
(C) SO2 (r) Z 1  at low pressure
RTV
(D) He (s) At room temperature have Z > 1 for moderate pressure

(t) Reaches ideality at extremely low pressure & very high
temperature.
Sol. Answer A(p, q, r, t), B(p, q, r, t), C(p, q, r, t), D(q, s, t)
Inversion temperature of He is very low.

Column-I Column-II
(A) Boyle's Law (p) P  1 / V at constant (T, n)
(B) Root mean square velocity (q) Isothermal process
(C) Graham's Law (r) Application in successive diffusion
(D) Collision frequency (s) Directly related to pressure
(t) Inversely related to square root of density
Sol. Answer A(p, q), B(t), C(q, r, s, t), D(t)
1
Boyle’s law, V  (n and t constant)
P
3RT
Root mean square velocity 
M
Graham’s law of diffusion.

1
Rate of diffusion 
M
 T
P
Collision frequency 
z 2  2CN *
* N
Where N  = Number of molecules per unit volume
V
7. Match the following on the basis of their absorption

Column-I Column-II
(A) Absorbed by alkali (p) O2
(B) Absorbed by turpentine oil (q) O3
(C) Absorbed by alkaline pyrogallol (r) SO2
(D) Absorbed by acidified FeSO4 (s) NO
(t) CO2
Sol. Answer A(r, t), B(q), C(p), D(s)
Fact based

Column-I Column-II
(A) Boyle’s temperature TB (p) 2TB
8a
(B) Inversion temperature Ti (q)
27 Rb
a
(C) Critical temperature Tc (r)
Rb
2a
(D) Critical pressure Pc (s)
Rb
a
(t)
27b2
Sol. Answer A(r), B(p,s), C(q), D(t)
Fact based
9. Match gases under specified conditions listed in Column I with their properties/laws in Column II.
[IIT-JEE 2007]
Column I Column II
(A) Hydrogen gas (P = 200 atm, T = 273 K) (p) Compressibility factor  1
(B) Hydrogen gas (P ~ 0, T = 273 K) (q) Attractive forces are dominant
(C) CO2 (P = 1 atm, T = 273 K) (r) PV = nRT
(D) Real gas with very large molar volume (s) P(V – nb) = nRT
Sol. Answer A(p, s), B(r), C(p, q), D(r)
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions

1. Pressure of 1 g of an ideal gas 'X' at 27°C is 2P bar. When 2 g of another ideal gas 'Y' is introduced into the
same flask at same temperature, the pressure becomes 1.5 times. How many times is molar mass of Y as
compared to X?
Sol. Answer (4)
Since, V and T are constant, we have,
P1 P2

n1 P2
P1M1 P2M2

w1 w2
2P  M1 P  M2 M2
 ⇒ 4
1 2 M1
2. One mole of N2 gas at 0.8 atm, takes 38 seconds to diffuse through a pin hole where as one mole of an
unknown compound of xenon with fluorine at twice the pressure of N2 takes 55 seconds to diffuse through the
same pin hole. How many lone pairs are around xenon in xenon fluoride compound? (Given atomic masses
Xe = 121u, F = 19u)
Sol. Answer (1)
r1 P1 M2

r2 P2 M1
r1 t 2 P1 M2 57 0.8 M2
    or M
2 252
r2 t1 P2 M1 38 1.6 28

Hence; XeFn 252 or 121 
19n 252 
or n 6 so : XeF6
3. 100 ml of an O3, O2 mixture was passed through turpentine and reduction of 18 ml took place in volume. If
100 ml of this mixture is heated then what will be increase in volume in ml?
Sol. Answer (9)
Turpentine absorbs O3
Now, volume of O2 = 100 – 18 = 82 ml
volume of O3 = 18 ml
2O3 = 3O2
O3 = 3/2 O2
1 ml = 3/2 ml
20 ml = 27 ml
Total volume of O2 = 82 + 27 = 109 ml, Hence increase = 109 – 100 = 9 ml.
4. Two vessels of volume 2V and 3V contain gases A and B separately at 1.5 and 4 atm respectively. If the vessels
are connected through a tube at constant temperature, then what will be total pressure of gaseous mixture?
Sol. Answer (3)
PV = P1V1 + P2V2
P × 5V = 1.5 × 2V + 4 × 3V
P = 3 atm.
5. Under identical conditions of temperature, the density of a gas X is twice that of gas Y while molecular mass
of gas 'Y' is thrice that of X. What will be ratio of pressure of X and Y?
Sol. Answer (6)
Px = dx RT/Mx
Py = dy RT/My
Px dx My
Now, P  d  M  6
y y x
6. A spherical glass bulb of radius 100 cm contains a concentric rubber balloon that contains some N2 gas and
the remaining space in glass bulb contains 50 g H2. In the given condition, radius of the rubber balloon was
found to be 40 cm. Now, the seal of glass bulb was opened and 26 g H2(g) was further added and resealed.
Assuming constant temperature through out, if the radius of rubber balloon in the new conditions is 7x, then
what is x?
Sol. Answer (5)
In case-I : PH2  PN2
VH2 VN2
 n  n
H2 N2
4 4
(1003  403 )  403
 3  3
25 nH2
 nH2  1.7 mole

In case-II : Some extra H2 was introduced in glass bulb to the rubber balloon will contract
Ultimately PH2  PN2
VH2 VN2
 
nH2 nN2
4 4 3
(1003  x3 ) r
 3  3
38 1.7
 x 35.08  35 7  5
7. At 400 K, the root mean square (rms) speed of a gas X (molecular weight = 40) is equal to the most probable
speed of gas Y at 60 K. The molecular weight of the gas Y is [IIT-JEE 2009]
Sol. Answer (4)
3RT
Urms( X ) 
M
2RT
Vmp( Y ) 
M
Equating both we get
3R(400) 2R(60)

40 X
X=4
8. To an evacuated vessel with movable piston under external pressure of 1 atm., 0.1 mol of He and 1.0 mol of an
unknown compound (vapour pressure 0.68 atm. at 0°C) are introduced. Considering the ideal gas behaviour, the
total volume (in litre) of the gases at 0°C is close to [IIT-JEE 2011]
Sol. Answer (7)
1 atm PT = 1 atm
1 atm vapour pressure of compound = 0.68 atm
⇒ PHe = 0.32
PHeV = nHeRT
0.1  0.082  273

V= = 7 litre
0.32
9. The atomic masses of 'He' and 'Ne' are 4 and 20 a.m.u., respectively. The value of the de Broglie wavelength of
'He' gas at –73ºC is "M" times that of the de Broglie wavelength of 'Ne' at 727ºC 'M' is [JEE(Advanced)-2013]
Sol. Answer (5)
3RTNe T
MNe MNe Ne
He MNe VNe MNe MNe MNe TNe 205  1000
    
Ne MHe VHe 3RTHe T MHe THe 4  200
MHe MHe He
MHe MHe
He 5Ne
10. The diffusion coefficient of an ideal gas is proportional to its mean free path and mean speed. The absolute
temperature of an ideal gas is increased 4 times and its pressure is increased 2 times. As a result, the
diffusion coefficient of this gas increases x times. The value of x is [JEE(Advanced)-2016]
Sol. Answer (4)
Diffusion coefficient 
Here  = mean free path
 = mean speed
T
since  
P
and   T
T T
 Diffusion coefficient 
P
As per question 'T' is increased four times and 'P' is increased two times
Hence diffusion coefficient becomes four times
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Compressibility factor for H2 varies with pressure with positive slope at all pressures at room
temperature.
STATEMENT-2 : Even at low pressure repulsive forces dominate in Hydrogen gas.
Pb
STATEMENT-3 : Compressibility factor for H2 is given as Z 1  .
RT
(1) T T T (2) F T F (3) F F T (4) F F F
Sol. Answer (1)
H2
z 1.0
2. STATEMENT-1 : The value of van der Waal’s constant 'a' is higher for HCl than for O2.
STATEMENT-2 : Dipole - dipole attractions are present in HCl.
STATEMENT-3 : van der Waal’s constant 'a' is a measure of magnitude of intermolecular force of attractions.
(1) T T T (2) T F T (3) T T F (4) F F T
Sol. Answer (1)
Factual
3. STATEMENT-1 : In Maxwell distribution with increase in temperature, the speed possessed by maximum
fraction of molecule increases.
STATEMENT-2 : Also the root mean square velocity increases with increase in temperature.
STATEMENT-3 : The number of molecules posssessing any kind of velocity increases with increase in
temperature.
(1) T T T (2) T T F (3) T F F (4) F F T
Sol. Answer (2)
Curve becomes flatter on rising temperature.
4. STATEMENT-1 : The van der Waal’s constant ‘a’ for polyatomic gases is a measure of attractive forces between
atoms in a gas sample.
STATEMENT-2 : The van der Waal’s constant ‘b’ is the volume excluded by gas molecule, known as co-
volume.
STATEMENT-3 : The van der Waal constant ‘a’ is the measure of intermolecular attraction between the gas
molecules
(1) F F T (2) F T T (3) T T T (4) T F T
Sol. Answer (2)
b  4NA Vm
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. Pressure of the ideal gas depends on
(1) Force of each collision on the wall (2) Frequency of collision with wall
(3) Nature of the gas (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (4)
Pressure of the gas depends on both the frequency of collision with wall and force of each collision.
2. Vapour pressure in a closed container can be changed by
(1) Adding water vapours from outside at same temperature
(2) Adding ice at same temperature
(3) Adding water at same temperature
(4) Increasing temperature
Sol. Answer (4)
Vapour pressure of liquid is function of temperature.
3. Which has highest value of critical temperature?

(1) He (2) H2 (3) CO2 (4) O2
Sol. Answer (3)
8a
Tc 
27Rb
Due to dipole – dipole interaction.
4. Both rate of diffusion and effusion is inversely proportional to the M because of the common fact that
1
(1) Diffusion & effusion are same (2) Molecular speed 
M
(3) Both take place due to pressure difference (4) Both take place due to concentration difference
Sol. Answer (2)
Fact
5. Considering air as a 4 : 1 mixture of N2 and O2, what is the density of air at 28°C and 1 atm?
(1) 1.18 g L–1 (2) 11.62 mg L–1 (3) 28.8 g L–1 (4) 1.29 g L–1
Sol. Answer (1)
PM
PM  dRT ⇒ d 
RT
6. A 50 ml sample of gas is collected over water what will be the effect on the calculated molar mass of the
gas if the effect of the water vapour is ignored? It will be
(1) High because of the mass of the water in the collection flask
(2) High because of omitting the vapour pressure of the water in the calculation
(3) Low because of the mass of water in the collection flask
(4) Low because of omitting the vapour pressure of the water in the calculation
Sol. Answer (4)
Molecular weight of dry air is higher than humid air.
7. What is the major reason for using mercury in barometers rather than H2O?
(1) Mercury is much denser than water so rises up to lower height
(2) Mercury has high boiling point than water
(3) Mercury is chemically unreactive
(4) Mercury expands with a decrease in air pressure whereas water does not
Sol. Answer (1)
Fact
8. A mixture containing 1.12 litre of H2 and 1.12 litre of D2 at STP is taken inside a bulb connected to another bulb
by a stopcock with a small opening. The second bulb is fully evacuated, the stopcock is opened for a certain
time and then closed. The first bulb is found to contain 0.05 gm of H2. Determine the percentage composition
by weight of the gases in the second bulb.
Sol. Mass of H2 in 1.12 L at STP = 0.1 g
Mass of H2 in the second bulb = 0.1 – 0.05 = 0.05 g
⎡ rH M2 ⎤

and mass of D2 in the second 
bulb 0.07 g⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣⎢ rD2 M1 ⎦⎥
1.12 L H2+
1.12 L D2
Total mass in the second bulb = 0.12 g
Evacuated
0.05 bulb
% of H2 =  100 = 41.6%
0.12
and % of D2 = 100 – 41.6 = 58. 4%
9. The compressibility factor for nitrogen at 223 K and 800 atm is 1.95 and at 373 K and 200 atm, is 1.10. A
certain mass of nitrogen occupies a volume of 1.0 dm3 at 223 K and 800 atm. Calculate the volume occupied
by the same quantity of nitrogen at 373 K and 200 atm.
V1 Z1T1  P2
Sol. V  Z T  P
2 2 2 1
1 1.95  223  200


V2 1.10  373  800
V2 = 3.77 litres
10. At 27ºC, H2 is leaked through a small hole into a vessel for 20 minutes. Another unknown gas under identical
conditions is leaked for the same time. After effusion, the gaseous mixture exerts a pressure of 6 atm. If the H2
content of the mixture is 0.7 mole and the volume of container is 3 litre, what is the molecular mass of
unknown gas?
PV 63
Sol. n  = = 0.73 moles
RT 0.0821  300
 Moles of unknown gas = 0.73 – 0.7 = 0.03 moles
n1 M2
Now, n  M1
2
0.7 M2
  M2 = 1089
0.03 2
11. An LPG cylinder weighs 14.8 kg when empty. When full, it weighs 29 kg and shows a pressure of 2.5 atm. In
the course of use at 27°C, the weight of full cylinder is reduced to 23.2 kg. Find the volume of gas in m3 used
up at normal usage conditions and the final pressure inside the cylinder. Assume LPG to be
n-butane with normal boiling point 0°C.
Sol. Mass of empty cylinder = 14.8 kg
 mass of gas = 29 – 14.8 = 14.2 kg
m = 14.2 kg
P1 = 2.5 atm, T1 = 27°C = 300 K
 mass of gas reduced = 29 – 23.2 = 5.8 kg
P1V1 = n1 RT
⎡ 5.8  103 ⎤
⎢n  ⎥
⎢ 58 ⎥
⎢⎣n 0.1  103 moles⎥⎦

14.2  103
initial number of moles =
58
PV1 = n RT
14.2  103  0.0821  300

V1 
58  2.5
V1 = 2.41 × 103 L
= 2.4 m3
12. A 5 litre flask containing N2 at 1 bar and 25°C is connected to a 4 litre flask containing N2 at 2 bar and 0°C.
After the gases are allowed to mix keeping both flasks at their original temperature, what will be the pressure
and amount of N2 in the 5 litre flask assuming ideal gas behaviour?
P1V1
Sol. n1 
RT1
1 5
 n1  0.2 mol
0.0821  298
24

and n2  0.357 mol
0.0821  273
Flask I
1 P

0.2 0.2  x
Flask II
2 P

0.357 0.357  x
On solving two equations
P = 1.47 atm and x = 0.094 mol
 Number of moles of N2 in flask I is 0.294 moles.
13. A mixture of ethane (C2H6) and ethene (C2H4) occupies 35.5 litre at 1 bar and 405 K. This mixture reacted
completely with 110.3g of O2 to produce CO2 and H2O. What was the composition of original mixture? (Assume
ideal gas behaviour)
PV ⎡let C2H6  x mole ⎤

Sol. nmixture  ⎢ ⎥
RT ⎣ C2H4  (1.07  x) mole ⎦
1  35.5
 = 1.07 mole
0.0821  405
Case-1
7
C2H6  O 
 2CO2  3H2O
2 2
∵ 1 mole C2H6 reacts with 3.5 moles of O2
3.5 x
 x mole C2H6 reacts with
1
 nO2 = 3.5 x mole
Case-2
C2H4  3O2 
 2CO2  2H2O
∵ 1 mole C2H4 reacts with 3 moles of O2

 (1.07 – x) C2H4 reacts with 3(1.07 – x) moles
 nO2 = 3(1.07 – x) mole
110.3
Given moles of O2 = = 3.45 moles
32
 3(1.07 – x) + 3.5x = 3.45
3.21 – 3x + 3.5x = 3.45
0.5x = 3.45 – 3.21
x = 0.48 mole
 moles of C2H6 = 0.48 mole
 moles of C2H4 = 0.59 mole
14. Assuming ideal gas behaviour, how many atoms of Ar are contained in human breath of 0.5 L at 37°C and
1 atm pressure. Air consists of 1% Ar atoms. Assuming that argon atoms from the last breath of Plato have
been distributed randomly throughout the atmosphere (5 × 1018 m3). How long would it take to breath one of
these atoms if breath rate is 10 min–1?
PV 1  0.5
Sol.
n  = 0.0196 moles
RT 0.082  310
 No. of atoms of Ar = 1.96 × 10–2 × 6.023 × 1023 × 0.01
= 1.18 × 1020
Volume of air in atmosphere = 5 × 1018 × 103 = 5 × 1021 L
No. of atoms 1  1.18  10 20

 = 0.0118 breath
0.5 L 2  5  10 21
So, no. of breaths for 1 atom to be inhaled = 86
15. The composition of air inhaled by a human is 21% by volume O2 and 0.03% CO2, and that of exhaled air is
16% O2 and 4.4% CO2. Assuming a typical volume of 7200 litre per day what mass of O2 is used by the body
and what mass of CO2 is generated by the body each day? Assuming ideal gas behaviour for the air at 37°C
and 1 bar.
1  7200
Sol. nair  = 283 moles
0.0821  310
Net % of O2 used = 21 – 16 = 5
5
 mass of O2 =  283  32 = 452.8 g
100
Net % of CO2 generated = 4.4 – 0.03 = 4.37
4.37
 mass of CO2 =  283  44 = 544 g
100
16. The composition of equilibrium mixture (Cl2 2Cl) which is attained at 1200°C, is determined by measuring
the rate of effusion through a pinhole. It is observed that at 1.80 mm Hg pressure, the mixture effuses 1.16
times as fast as krypton effuses under the same conditions. Calculate the fraction of chlorine molecules
dissociated into atoms (At. wt. of Kr = 84)
Sol. Cl2 2Cl
1 0
1– 2
n=1+
Mmix 1
Also, 
84 1.16
 Mmix = 62.4
Now, 62.4 (1 + ) = 71
 = 0.137  13.7 %
17. 24 ml of water gas containing only hydrogen and carbon monoxide (in equal proportions by volume) are
exploded with 80 ml of air, 20% by volume of which is oxygen. If all gaseous volumes are measured at room
temperature and pressure, calculate the composition by volume of the resulting gaseous mixture.
Sol. 12 ml H2 & 12 ml CO is taken
20
Vol of O2 =  80 = 16 ml
100
1
H2 (g)  O (g)  H2O(l)
2 2
12 ml 6 ml 12 ml
1
CO(g)  O (g)  CO 2 (g)
2 2
12 ml 6 ml 12 ml
Vol of O2 left = 16 – 12 = 4 ml
Vol of CO2 formed = 12 ml
4
% O2   100 5%
80
12
% CO2   100 15%
80
Rest 80% is N2, i.e., 64 ml
18. A balloon of diameter 20 m weights 100 kg. Calculate its pay load, if it is filled with He at 1.0 atm and 27°C.
Density of air is 1.2 kg/m3.
Sol. Payload is the maximum mass with which balloon can lift. Let m is the payload of balloon. The equilibrium
condition is Buoyancy force B = Weight of filled balloon w + mg
1

m (B  w)
g
B
2 ⎤ ⎡ 4 ⎛ d⎞ 3
1 ⎡ 4 ⎛ d⎞ ⎤
 ⎢  ⎜ ⎟  air  g⎥  ⎢  ⎜ ⎟  He  g  100 kg  g⎥
g ⎣ 3 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦ ⎣ 3 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦
W + mg
3
4 ⎛ d⎞
  ⎜ ⎟ air  He ]  100 kg
3 ⎝ 2⎠
3
4 ⎛ 20 m ⎞ ⎡ kg 1 4 kg ⎤
⎜ ⎟ 1.2 3   100 kg
3 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎢⎣ m 0.082  300 m3 ⎥⎦
= 4256.34 kg
19. 1 mole of a gas is changed from its initial state (15 L, 2 atm) to final state (4 L, 10 atm) respectively. If the change
can be represented by a straight line in P-V curve, calculate the maximum temperature attained by the gas.
Sol. From question, the relation between P and V for the given process can be determined by equation of straight line
10  2 142  8V
P
 10 (V  4) or P 
4  15 11
For 1 mole of an ideal gas, PV = RT
PV V(142  8V)
Hence
T   f(V)
R 11 R
dT
For maxima or minima, 0
dV
142  16V
or 0
11 R
 V = 8.875
d2 T 16
Now, 2

 
 ve
dV 11R
Hence, temperature of gas will be maximum at V = 8.875
8.875(142  8  8.875)
and Tmax  698.6 K
11  0.082
20. The partial pressure of water vapour in a sample of air at 27°C is 10 mm Hg. calculate
(i) the relative humidity of air. (Vapour pressure of water at 27°C = 25 mm Hg)
(ii) mass of water vapour present per litre of air.
(iii) mass of H2O vapour needed to saturate 10 L of air.
(iv) relative isothermal compression factor V2/V1 for air, at which first drop of water formed in the air sample is
taken. V2 = Vol. occupied by moisture in air, V1 = Vol. occupied by moisture in saturated air.
Amount of water vapour present in air

Sol. (i) Relative humidity =  100
Amount of water needed for saturation
pH2O 10
=  100   100 40%
V.P. 25
PVM 10  1  18

(ii) Mass of water vapour present per litre air, W   0.0096 g
RT 760  0.082  300
(iii) Saturation means partial pressure of water vapour in air should be increased to 2.5 mm Hg. For it mass of
water vapour needed
(V.P.  PH2O )VM

=
RT
(25  10)  10  18
=  0.144 g
760  0.082  300
(iv) When air will be compressed isothermally, the partial pressure of water vapour will increase. When it will
reach to 25 mm Hg, air will become saturated with water vapour. Further any compression will cause
liquefaction of water vapour till saturation, the amount of water vapour will remain constant and hence
Boyle’s law can be applied.
For limiting conditions, isothermal
V2 P1 10
Compression factor, V P 25
 0.4
1 2
21. The condition of air in a closed room is described as follows: temperature = 25°C, relative humidity = 60%,
pressure = 104 kPa. If all the water vapour is removed from the room without changing the temperature, what
will be the new pressure? The vapour pressure at 25°C = 3.2 kPa.
PH2O
Sol. Relative humidity =  100
V.P.
PH2O
or
60  100
3.2
 PH2O  1.92 kPa
After removing all water vapours room will contain only dry air and its pressure will be
P  PH2O = 104 – 1.92 = 102.08 kPa
RT a
22. The equation of state for one mole of a certain gas is P  – , where a and b are constants (distinct
V –b V
from zero) and V is the molar volume. Assertain whether the equation is correct or not for the gas at electric
point?
Sol. For critical point, the gas must obey the conditions
dP d2P
 0and 0
dV dV 2
dP
Condition – I : 0
dV
RT a
or 2
 2 
0
(V  b) V
RT a
or 2
 2
(V  b) V
d2P
Condition – II : 0
dV 2
2RT 2a
or  
0
(V  b)3 V 3
RT a
or 
(V  b)3 V 3
From (i) & (ii), b = 0, but from question, b cannot be zero. It means both the conditions cannot be satisfied by
the gas, simultaneously, hence the gas will not have critical point.


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Chapter 5

mCO2 = 0.1 g VCO2 = 0.32 L

P and T are constant

Final volume of gas = volume at container

and for O2 remains constant.

and PBMB = dBRT … (ii)

6. Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

8. At relatively high pressure, van der Waal’s equation reduces to

Sol. Answer (3)

m1 (A) = 2g, m2 (B)= 3 g

P1 = 1 atm P2 = 1.5 atm

Volume of O2 used = 40 –6 = 34 ml.

x = 136 – 100 = 36.

(3) The ratio of their moles (4) None of these

∵ Partial pressure = mole fraction × Total pressure

(1) 55 km/s (2) 44 km /s (3) 11 km /s (4) 6 km /s

Sol. Answer (3)

(1) 16 (2) 4 (3) 1/4 (4) 1/16

19. Select the order of following temperatures for a gas

Sol. Answer (2)

24.6 [Graph not to scale]

(3) The mass of molecule is negligible

(4) It shows deviation from the ideal gas law

Sol. Answer (1, 4)

According to van der Waal’s equation (for one mole of gas)

3. If a given mass of gas is expanded at constant temperature

(1) The pressure decreases

(2) The average kinetic energy of gas molecules remain same

(3) Kinetic energy of gas molecules decreases

(4) The number of molecules of gas increases

Sol. Answer (1, 2)

According to Boyle’s law,

and K.E  T ( T  Absolute temperature)

 K.E remains constant.

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)

According to pressure-temperature law,

and according to kinetic theory of gases

7. The correct relation is

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)

Critical volume (VC) = 3 b

8. The incorrect statement(s) is/are

(0.1  0.1)  0.0821  300

11. Which is/are correct for molecular speed of gases?

Sol. Answer (1, 2)

 urms > uav > ump

12. Which of the following graphs correctly represent Charle’s law?

log T log T T –273°C tºC

Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)

13. Regarding H2 gas, the correct statement(s) is/are

15. A gas described by van der Waals equation [IIT-JEE 2008]

16. According to kinetic theory of gases IIT-JEE 2011]

V(r) V(r) V(r) V(r)

Sol. Answer (3)

Volume of gas diffused Moles of gas diffused Distance travelled by gas K

The virial equation for 1 mole real gas is as follows:

Sol. Answer (1)

3. Which of the following is correct statement about Boyle’s temperature (TB)?

(4) Both (1) & (3)

1. What volume of O2 was used in the above process?