Evs Report

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
CALICUT
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES – PROJECT
REPORT
Submitted by:
Repaul Kanji.
Dinesh Singh Yadav.
Apurva Singh.
Nikhil Nakhate.
Amarendra Oraon.
Ajay Kumar.
AIR POLLUTION
WITH CASE STUD Y (THE GREAT
SMOG OF LONDON 1952)
To put in simple way, pollution is the

introduction of a contaminant into the
environment. It is created mostly by human
actions, but can also be a result of natural
disasters. Pollution has a detrimental effect
on any living organism in an environment,
making it virtually impossible to sustain life.
To sum up, the effects of pollution, the following
diagram serves the purpose:
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other
living organisms, or damages the natural
environment into the atmosphere.
The main sources of air pollution are the
industries, agriculture and traffic, as well as
energy generation.During combustion processes
and other production processes air pollutants
are emitted. Some of these substances are not
directly damaging to air quality, but will form
harmful air pollutants by reactions with other
substances that are present in air.
>The agricultural sector is known for its
extensive use of pesticides. This application
causes emissions of many nitrogen oxide based
toxic chemicals.
>The industries are responsible for emissions of
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, VOC, methane,
ammonia and radioactive radiation.
>The combustion of coal and natural gas for
electricity production causes the release of
sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon
dioxide into the air.
>Traffic is held responsible for onethird of the
greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions caused by
traffic are mainly those of carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, VOC and small dust
particles.
>Consumers are also partly responsible for air
pollution. Firstly because the products they use
have caused air pollution during their
production and distribution and secondly
because heating of houses and offices causes
chemicals release into the air.
CO2 Emission accounts for the maximum
pollution in the developing 3rd world countries.
The graphical representation of the fact stated
above is given below:
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Smog
Smog is a type of air pollution derived from
vehicular emission from internal combustion
engines and industrial fumes that react in the
atmosphere with sunlight to form secondary
pollutants that also combine with the primary
emissions to form photochemical smog.
Smog is also caused by large amounts of coal
burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke
and sulphur dioxide.
Smog is a serious problem in many cities and
continues to harm human health. Groundlevel
ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and
carbon monoxide are especially harmful for
senior citizens, children, and people with heart
and lung conditions such as bronchitis, and
asthma.
It can inflame breathing passages, decrease the
lungs' working capacity, cause shortness of
breath, pain when inhaling deeply, wheezing,
and coughing.
It can cause eye and nose irritation and it dries
out the protective membranes of the nose and
throat and interferes with the body's ability to
fight infection, increasing susceptibility to
illness.
GREAT SMOG OF
1952-LONDON
>The Great Smog befell London starting on
December 4, 1952, and lasted until March of
1953.
>It was a great disaster that killed nearly
12,000 people and formed an important impetus
to the modern environmental movement.
CAUSES
->In early December of 1952, a cold fog descended
upon London.
->Because of the cold, Londoners began to burn more
coal than usual.
->Factory chimneys continued releasing gases and
huge numbers of particles into the atmosphere, some
causing lung and eye irritations, while some were
poisonous.
->At the same time, the final conversion of London's
electric trams to diesel buses was completed.
->The resulting air pollution was trapped by the heavy
layer of cold air, and the concentration of pollutants
built up dramatically.
->The resulting air pollution was trapped by the heavy
layer of cold air, and the concentration of pollutants
built up dramatically.
EFFECTS
->In the weeks that followed, the medical services
compiled statistics and found that the fog had killed
4,000 people.
->Another 8,000 died in the weeks and months that
followed.
Mortality from bronchitis and pneumonia increased
more than sevenfold as a result of the fog.
->Road, rail and air transport were almost brought to a
standstill.
What Can You Do?

>Drive less.
>Keep cars well maintained and tires properly
inflated.
>Turn off the engine when your vehicle is not in
motion.
>Purchase lowemitting and fuel efficient
vehicles.
>Share a ride, take public transportation bike,
or walk.
>Combine errands into one trip.
AFFORESTATION
Trees provide oxygen. They also absorb the
carbon dioxide thus purifying the air.
Afforestation is as far the best method to reduce
the green house effect.Afforestation act as
windbreaks.It restores ecological balance of all
eco systems.
LETS HOPE FOR A BETTER TOMORROW

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

To put in simple way, pollution is the

What Can You Do?

LETS HOPE FOR A BETTER TOMORROW

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